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阅读理解
A
(2018·济南高三针对性训练)The modern pizza was originally invented in Naples，Italy，but the word pizza is Greek in origin，derived from the Greek word pēktos meaning solid or clotted.The ancient Greeks covered their bread with oils，herbs and cheese.The first major innovation that led to flatbread pizza was the use of tomato as a topping.It was common for the poor of the area around Naples to add tomatoes to their yeast－based flatbread，and so the pizza began.
While it is difficult to say for sure who invented the pizza，it is however believed that modern pizza was first made by baker Raffaele Esposito of Naples.In fact，a popular urban legend holds that the archetypal(原型的) pizza，Pizza Margherita，was invented in 1890，when the Royal Palace of Capodimonte asked the Neapolitan pizzaiolo Raffaele Esposito to create a pizza in honor of the visiting Queen Margherita.Of the three different pizzas he created，the Queen strongly preferred a pie wrapped in the colors of the Italian flag：red(tomato)，green(basil)，and white(mozzarella)．Supposedly，this kind of pizza was then named after the Queen as Pizza Margherita.
Later，the dish has become popular in many parts of the world：
·The first pizzeria，Antica Pizzeria Port’Alba，was opened in 1830 in Naples.
·In North America，the first pizzeria was opened in 1905 by Gennaro Lombardi at 53 Spring Street in New York City.
·The first Pizza Hut，the chain of pizza restaurants appeared in the United States in 1958.
·Nowadays，many varieties of pizza exist worldwide，along with several dish variants based upon pizza.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了比萨的历史起源。
1．What’s mainly talked about in the text?
A．Ways of making pizza.
B．The history of pizza.
C．Varieties of pizza.
D．Stories about pizza.
B 解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段的“The modern pizza was originally invented in Naples，Italy，but the word pizza is Greek in origin”以及文章的整体内容可知，本文主要介绍了比萨的历史起源。
2．What can replace the underlined word “derived” in Paragraph 1?
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A．Separated. B．Adapted.
C．Originated. D．Transformed.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段的“The modern pizza was originally invented in Naples，Italy”可知，此处说的是比萨起源于希腊单词“pēktos”，故画线词意为“发源，开始”，故选C。
3．How was pizza first started?
A．Ancient Greeks covered their bread with oils，herbs and cheese.
B．People in Naples added tomatoes to their bread as a topping.
C．Raffaele Esposito wrapped a pie in the colors of the Italian flag.
D．Queen Margherita awarded her name to pizza in the Royal Palace.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，那不勒斯人先在面包上用西红柿作为配料，由此开创了比萨这种食品，故选B。
4．What can be learned from the text?
A．Pizza remains popular around the world.
B．The first Pizza Hut was opened in Naples.
C．The taste of pizza stays the same over time.
D．Gennaro Lombardi was the first to make pizza.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据文中的“Later，the dish has become popular in many parts of the world”和“Nowadays，many varieties of pizza exist worldwide，along with several dish variants based upon pizza.”可知，比萨现在在全世界依然很受欢迎，故选A。
B
(2018·辽宁大连双基测试)Whenever we see a button, we want to press it because we know that something will happen.This is true in most cases, for example, on a doorbell.But some buttons are actually fake(假的), like the “close” button on a lift.
Many people are in the habit of pressing the “close” button because they don’t have the patience to wait.But lifts’ “close” buttons are a complete trick, at least in the U．S.—the doors will not close any faster no matter how hard you press.
It started in the 1990s when the Americans with Disabilities Act was passed in the U．S., making sure that all lifts stayed open long enough so that people with disabilities could enter safely.Only repair workers can use the buttons to speed up the door closing process if they have special keys.
But to normal lift riders, the buttons aren’t completely useless.According to psychologists, fake buttons can actually make you feel better by offering you a sense of control.
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“A sense of control is very important.It reduces stress and increases wellbeing，” said Ellen J．Langer, a psychology professor at Harvard University.Experts also added that a lot of buttons that don’t do anything exist in our lives for this same purpose.
For example, pedestrian crosswalk buttons don’t live up to their names either.Pressing them used to help make the traffic signals change faster, but that was before computercontrolled traffic signals were introduced.
But psychologists found it interesting that even when people are aware of these little “white lies”， they still continue to push fake buttons because as long as the doors eventually close, it is considered to be worth the effort.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了我们平时生活中所见到的按钮可能是不起作用的。
5．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To describe different fake buttons.
B．To explore the functions of fake buttons.
C．To analyze various habits of pushing buttons.
D．To explain the disadvantages of fake buttons.
B 解析：写作意图题。通读整篇文章可知，作者通过举例子介绍了不同地点的虚假按钮，其目的是探求这些虚假按钮的功能。故选B。
6．What can we learn about the “close” buttons on a lift in America?
A．They work when people press them hard.
B．They were designed for a sense of control.
C．They never speed up the doorclosing process.
D．They take the safety of the disabled into account.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的第一句可知， 美国电梯里的“关闭”按钮是为了确保残疾人能安全地通过。故选D。
7．What can we infer about pedestrian crosswalk buttons?
A．They can make people feel better.
B．They help computers work faster.
C．They can control the traffic signals.
D．They help pedestrians cross safely.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“fake buttons can actually make you feel better by offering you a sense of control”和第六段中的“For example, pedestrian crosswalk buttons don’t live up to their names either.”可知， 人行横道按钮也没有实现其功能，但可以让人们感觉好一点，故选A。
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8．Which may be the best title for the passage?
A．Buttons in the U．S.A.
B．Buttons Always Lie
C．Buttons May Not Work
D．“Close” Buttons on Lifts
C 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了有些按钮只是形式上的，而不具备真正的实际功能。故C项“按钮可能不起作用”最符合文章主旨。故选C。
完形填空
(2018·河北衡水中学联考)That was my first ballet performance and I was the lead role. A huge black curtain __1__ me from the crowd. My heart raced so rapidly that it would __2__ out of my chest. A rush of __3__ shot through my body when the music began and I took my __4__ at the center of the stage. I pushed off the floor as hard as I could and __5__ into the air. Then I started to come __6__ for my landing, preparing to jump again, and yet my foot __7__. I fell, facefirst. For a moment I couldn’t __8__， wondering if I should go on. __9__， trained for thousands of hours for twelve years, my muscles ignored the __10__ of my mind and I __11__ myself back on my feet. I finished the part and left the stage. Bending over a table, I tried to __12__ tears. I didn’t want to go back to finish the last twenty minutes. I didn’t __13__ the lead role.
Then came my teacher. “The __14__ thing on stage is to fall. You’ve gotten it, so what’s left to __15__？ Just go and give it all.” Her words __16__ me. Minutes later, I went back onstage and completely let go of __17__．I just danced, letting the music guide me through the movement.
Now, as a Principal Dancer, I often think about that performance. We fall when we try our hardest. There is no __18__，only pride. Falling is __19__and sometimes it is easier just to stay on the __20__．But if we never get up，we will never experience what it is like to fly.
【解题导语】 作者通过讲述自己第一次芭蕾舞演出的经历告诉我们，当我们尽了最大的努力，即使跌倒了，也不是耻辱，而是骄傲。如果我们跌倒了再也不爬起来，我们就永远不会体验到飞翔的感觉。
1．A.covered B．hid
C．protected D．drove
B 解析：演出还没有开始，巨大的幕布把作者藏在后面，与观众隔开。cover 意为“覆盖”；hide 意为“隐藏”；protect 意为“保护”；drive 意为“驱赶；驾驶”。故选B项。
2．A.beat B．drop
C．run D．shout
A 解析：此处描写作者紧张激动的心情：作者的心跳得很快，
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几乎要跳出胸膛。选项中只有 beat 有表示心脏跳动的含义。故选A项。
3．A.amazement B．excitement
C．sadness D．satisfaction
B 解析：由上句可知，作者非常激动、紧张，所以音乐响起时内心应该是激动的。 amazement 意为“惊异”； excitement 意为“兴奋；激动”；sadness意为“悲伤”；satisfaction意为“满意”。B项符合语境。
4．A.time B．turn
C．place D．order
C 解析：根据常识可知，作者是领舞，所以音乐响起后会站到舞台中央。take one’s time意为“不慌不忙”；take one’s turn意为“轮到某人”；take one’s place意为“某人就位”；take one’s order意为“为某人点餐”。故选C项。
5．A.flew B．spun
C．rose D．looked
A 解析：根据空前的pushed off the floor 可知，这是作者在努力蹬离地面跃到空中。fly意为“飞翔”，表现芭蕾舞的腾空动作，符合语境，故选A项。spin意为“旋转”；rise意为“升起”；look意为“看”。
6．A.out B．in
C．down D．off
C 解析：上文提到跃到空中，再根据空后的preparing to jump again可知，此处是准备落地。故选C项。
7．A.slipped B．stopped
C．stepped D．advanced
A 解析：根据后面的I fell，facefirst.可推测，此处指作者摔倒了，可能的原因是脚下打滑了。slip意为“打滑”；stop意为“停止”；step意为“踏步”；advance意为“前进”。故选A项。
8．A.think B．cry
C．move D．believe
C 解析：根据空后的wondering if I should go on 可知，作者当时不知道是否应该继续表演，由此可以推测，作者当时摔倒后不能动弹(move)。故选C项。
9．A.Therefore B．However
C．Otherwise D．Instead
B 解析：根据上文可知，作者不知道自己是否应该继续表演，然而十二年无数小时的训练使作者的肌肉本能地忽略了内心的犹豫，作者发现自己又站了起来，上下文之间是转折关系，故选B项。
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10．A.loss B．pain
C．relief D．hesitation
D 解析：根据上文中的wondering if I should go on 以及空后的mind可知，作者当时在犹豫。loss意为“损失”；pain意为“疼痛”；relief意为“宽慰”；hesitation意为“犹豫”。故选D项。
11．A.found B．dragged
C．accustomed D．allowed
A 解析：作者发现自己又站了起来。find意为“发现”；drag意为“拖动”；accustom意为“使习惯”；allow意为“允许”。故选A项。
12．A.dry up B．wipe out
C．burst into D．fight back
D 解析：表演告一段落之后，作者回到了后台，伏在一张桌子上努力抑制住泪水。根据空前的tried to以及当时的舞台表演场合可知，作者应该是强忍泪水。dry up意为“使干涸”；wipe out意为“彻底毁灭；抹去”；burst into意为“突然……起来”；fight back意为“抗争；克制；忍住”。故选D项。
13．A.play B．deserve
C．get D．finish
B 解析：作者在舞台上摔倒，觉得自己没资格当领舞。play意为“玩耍；参加；演奏”；deserve意为“应得；应受”；get意为“获得”；finish意为“完成”。故选B项。
14．A.unexpected B．awkward
C．common D．worst
D 解析：此处是老师的鼓励：舞台上最糟糕的事就是摔倒，你已经摔倒了，还有什么可失去的？unexpected意为“出乎意料的”；awkward意为“尴尬的”；common意为“常见的”；worst意为“最坏的”。故选D项。
15．A.go B．do
C．lose D．say
C 解析：没有什么比舞台上摔倒更糟糕的事了，所以不用害怕再失去(lose)什么。故选C项。
16．A.awoke B．enriched
C．excited D．surprised
A 解析：根据下文Minutes later, I went back onstage and completely let go of ...可知，作者又回到舞台继续表演，因此，此处指老师的话点醒了作者。awake意为“唤醒”；enrich意为“使丰富；充实”；excite意为“使兴奋；使激动”；surprise意为“使惊讶”。故选A项。
17．A.the music B．myself
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C．the teacher D．others
B 解析：根据下文I just danced, letting the music guide me through the movement.可知，作者随着音乐尽情舞蹈，释放自己。故选B项。
18．A.excuse B．fear
C．benefit D．shame
D 解析：结合上文作者认为自己摔倒是一种耻辱，而本句和下文则认为摔倒是一种骄傲。excuse意为“借口”；fear意为“害怕”；benefit意为“好处”；shame意为“羞耻”。故选D项。
19．A.shocking B．interesting
C．rare D．terrible
D 解析：根据上文作者摔倒后的想法可知，此处应为摔倒很糟糕。shocking意为“惊人的”；interesting意为“有趣的”；rare意为“稀有的”；terrible意为“糟糕的”。故选D项。
20．A.spot B．road
C．ground D．stage
C 解析：根据下文的get up和fly可知，此处是说摔倒后待在地上不再站起来更简单。spot意为“地点”；road意为“道路”；ground意为“地面”；stage意为“舞台”。故选C项。
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