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班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号
2018-2019学年高二下学期训练卷
选修八 Unit3 Inventors and inventions
英 语 （二）
注意事项：
1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
一、单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
1．A bicycle is often far more c ____ than a car in busy cities.
2．He was called Smith Minor to d ____ him from the other Smith.
3．The little boy stretched out his hands to s ____ the toy.
4．Mother puts p ____ on her handkerchief to make it smell pleasant.
5．With much c ___ he climbed to the top of the wall.
6．The beauty of the West Lake in spring was beyond his ____ (预期)．
7．He had a kind heart and did ____ (慈悲的) deeds.
8．I heard her laughing ____ (愉快地) in the next room.
9．Success in making money is not always a good ____ (标准) of success in life.
10．The ____ (突然的) change of the schedule gave me lots of pressure.
二、 阅读理解（共9小题，每小题2分，满分18分）
A
Preparing Cities for Robot Cars
The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.
While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.
Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.
A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of
transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.KS5U
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
11. According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __________.
A. help deal with transportation-related problems
B. provide better services to customers
C. cause damage to our environment
D. make some people lose jobs
12. As for driverless cars, what is the author’s major concern?
A. Safety. B. Side effects. C. Affordability. D. Management.
13. What does the underlined word ＂fielded＂ in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Employed. B. Replaced. C. Shared. D. Reduced.
14. What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars?
A. Doubtful. B. Positive C. Disapproving. D. Sympathetic.
B
There’s a new frontier in 3D printing that’s beginning to come into focus: food. Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isn’t stopping there.
Food production
With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that — it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “recreate forms and pieces” of food that are “exactly the same,” freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed, rather than farm to table.
Sustainability(可持续性）
The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids (水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae(藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients(烹饪原料). 3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock "food" that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.
Nutrition
Future 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia University, said, “Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterday’s bread from the supermarket, you’d eat something baked just for you on demand.”
Challenges
Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊状物) before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products
may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants.
15. What benefit does 3D printing bring to food production?
A. It helps cooks to create new dishes.
B. It saves time and effort in cooking.
C. It improves the cooking conditions.
D. It contributes to restaurant decorations.
16. What can we learn about 3D food printing from Paragraphs 3?
A. It solves food shortages easily.
B. It quickens the transportation of food.
C. It needs no space for the storage of food.
D. It uses renewable materials as sources of food.
17. According to Paragraph 4, 3D-printed food _____________.
A. is more available to consumers
B. can meet individual nutritional needs
C. is more tasty than food in supermarkets
D. can keep all the nutrition in raw materials
18. What is the main factor that prevents 3D food printing from spreading widely?
A. The printing process is complicated.
B. 3D food printers are too expensive.
C. Food materials have to be dry.
D. Some experts doubt 3D food printing.
19. What could be the best title of the passage?
A. 3D Food Printing: Delicious New Technology
B. A New Way to Improve 3D Food Printing
C. The Challenges for 3D Food Production
D. 3D Food Printing: From Farm to Table
三、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
A woman professor walked around in a classroom while she was teaching stress management to her students. As she___20___a glass of water, everyone ___21___they would be asked the “half-empty or half-full” question.
___22___, with a smile on her face, she asked, “How ___23___is this glass of water?”
Answers called out ___24___from eight to twenty ounces(盎司).
She quieted the students down and then replied, “The absolute weight doesn’t ___25___. It all depends on how long I hold it. If I hold it for a minute, it’s not a ___26___. If I hold it for an hour, I’ll have an ache in my ___27___. If I hold it for a day, my arm will feel ___28___and paralyzed. In each case, the ___29___of the glass of water doesn’t change, but the longer I hold it, the heavier it becomes. Do you know why?”
All the students kept silent and listened carefully, lost in thought.
She continued, “Our ___30___and worries in life are like that glass of water. Think about them for a while and ___31___happens. Think about them a bit longer and they begin to ___32___. And if you think about them all day long, you will feel paralyzed— ___33___to do anything.”
It’s important to remember to ___34___your stresses. As early in the evening as possible, put all your ___35___down. Don’t carry them through the evening and into the night. Remember to put the glass down!
More often than not life gets terrible ___36___we think too much. And the moment you remove your burden, you’ll find yourself feeling so much more ___37___.
So rather than moping around(闲逛）and feeling sorry for yourself, ___38___doing something about it. After all, life is too short to ___39___yourself to anything that’s not making you happy.
20. A. drank B. served C. raised D. demanded
21. A. argued B. wondered C. expected D. agreed
22. A. Meanwhile B. Therefore C. Anyhow D. Instead
23. A. much B. full C. little D. heavy
24. A. ranged B. replied C. read D. remained
25. A. affect B. drop C. matter D. work
26. A. success B. point C. skill D. problem
27. A. hand B. arm C. neck D. back
28. A. steady B. sensitive C. nervous D. numb
29. A. weight B. shape C. function D. size
30. A. surprises B. joys C. stresses D. doubts
31. A. everything B. nothing C. anything D. something
32. A. improve B. hurt C. change D. adjust
33. A. uncertain B. afraid C. unable D. available
34. A. catch up with B. take charge of C. put up with D. let go of
35. A. burdens B. thoughts C. hardships D. feelings
36. A. when B. till C. unless D. though
37. A. excited B. worried C. satisfied D. relaxed
38. A. keep B. finish C. start D. risk
39. A. help B. commit C. throw D. abandon
四、七选五（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 40
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 41 We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to from the next day. 42
Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 43 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.
If Tononi’s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night’s, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information---our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.
Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. 44 “You keep what matters,”Tononi says.
A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.
B. Ti’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.
C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.
D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.
E. That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.
F. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.
G. Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.
五、书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华，在校报英语专栏看到了学校“英语文化节”的一则招募启事，请阅读启事，并根据写作要点和写作要求写一封应征邮件。
Volunteers Wanted
Our annual English Festival, which will be held on June 15-17, 2015, is now looking for 20 student volunteers to provide service for Talent Show, Speech Contest, and English Debate. If you are interested, please send an application email at your earliest convenience to Ms Chen at chenlaoshi@aef.com.
写作要点：
1.表示写信意图；
2.陈述应征目的；
3.说明应征条件（性格、能力等）。
写作要求：
1.邮件词数不少于100；
2.开头和结尾部分已写好，不计入总词数；
3.可根据情况增加细节，使行文连贯；
4.不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。
2018-2019学年高二下学期训练卷
选修八 Unit3 Inventors and inventions
英 语 （二）答 案
一、单词拼写
1.convenient
2.distinguish
3.seize
4.perfume
5.caution
6.expectation
7.merciful
8.merrily
9.criterion
10.abrupt
二、阅读理解
11-14ADAB 15-19 BDBCA
三、完型填空
20-24 CCDDA 25-29 CDBDA 30-34CBBCD 35-39 AADCD
四、七选五
40-44 CEFGB
五、作文
Dear MS Chen,
I’m Li Hua, a student from Class2, Grade 3. I’m writing to apply for the position as a student volunteer.
I really want to obtain this precious opportunity because, by offering my service, I will be able to improve my organizational ability, communication skills as well as my confidence in speaking English in public.
As an outgoing girl, I get along well with my classmates. Besides, I have such a good command of English that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher. Successfully, I have lent a helping hand to her in several English activities of my class, which have been appreciated by both teachers and classmates.
I am sure that I can perfectly live up to your expectations. I will be grateful if you could give me a kind consideration.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
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