Unit 4
A good read
疑问词
+
动词不定式
1.
动词不定式可以和疑问词
what,how,when,where,which
等连用
(
注意
:
疑问副词
why
后通常不接动词不定式
),
构成
“
疑问词
+
动词不定式
”
结构
,
在句子中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语等。常见和这种不定式短语结构连用的动词有
tell,show,know,learn,forget
等。例如
:
I
don
’
t
know
what
to
say.
我不知道说什么。
Can
you
tell
me
how
to
use
the
camera?
你能告诉我怎样使用这部相机吗
?
2.
在运用
“
疑问词
+
动词不定式
”
结构时应注意以下几点
:
( 1 )
疑问代词往往是这一结构中不定式的宾语
,
因此
,
不定式中的动词应是及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语。而疑问副词在这一结构中只能作状语。
( 2 )
作宾语用的带疑问词的不定式短语相当于一个宾语从句。可以通过用
“
疑问词
+
不定式
”
结构把一个复合句转换成简单句。例如
:
Can
you
tell
me
what
I
will
do
next?
→Can
you
tell
me
what
to
do
next?
你能告诉我接下来做什么吗
?
( 3 )
某些动词后面的不定式短语省去疑问词并不会造成意义上的差异。例如
:
He
learnt
( how )
to
swim
last
Sunday.
上个星期天他学了游泳。
注意
:
在动词
know
后面的不定式一定要有疑问词
,
绝对不能省去。
must/have
to
的用法
1.must
表示
“
必须
”,
侧重于说话者的主观看法
,
认为有必要或有义务去做某事
;
其否定形式
mustn
’
t,
表示
“
禁止
;
不允许
”
。具体用法如下
:
( 1 )
意为
“
必须
,
应当
”,
表示义务、命令或必要。例如
:
We
must
keep
our
word.
我们必须遵守诺言。
We
mustn
’
t
waste
our
time.
我们不能浪费时间。
由
must
引起的一般疑问句的否定回答要用
needn
’
t
。例如
:
—Must
I
come
here
tomorrow?
我明天必须来这里吗
?
—No,you
needn
’
t.
不
,
你不必。
( 2 )
意为
“
一定
;
必定是
”,
表示推断、推测。例如
:
You
must
be
hungry.
你一定饿了吧。
2.have to“
必须
;
不得不
”,
有人称、数和多种时态的变化。侧重于客观需要
,
含有不得不或被迫之意。其否定形式
don
’
t have to
表示
“
没必要
”
。具体用法如下
:
( 1 ) have to
强调由于客观条件需要而不得不做某事。例如
:
It
’
s
raining,and
I
have
to
stay
at
home.
外面在下雨
,
我不得不待在家里。
( 2 ) have to
不能直接构成否定句或疑问句
,
需要借助于助动词。以一般现在时为例
,
需要借助于
do
或
does
。例如
:
What
does
she
have
to
do?
她必须做什么
?
Ⅰ
.
单项填空
(
B
)1.Excuse me,could you please tell me
my car?
A.why to stop B.where to park
C.where can I park D.how can I park
(
A
)2.—What should we do to protect the fish in the river?
—We
throw rubbish into the river.
A.mustn
’
t B.have to
C.must D.needn
’
t
(
C
)3.John left his homework at home,so he
return home for it.
A.has to B.must
C.had to D.can
(
D
)4.There isn
’
t any difference between the two dresses.I really don
’
t know
.
A.to choose what B.to choose which
C.what to choose D.which to choose
(
D
)5.We
pay to get into the concert.It
’
s free.
A.can
’
t B.mustn
’
t
C.might not D.don
’
t have to
Ⅱ
.
根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Mr Green showed us what
to do
( do ) first.
2.Li Feng did not know who
to talk
( talk ) to about this book.
3.Students do not have to
go
( go ) to school at weekends.
4.Everyone mustn
’
t
smoke
( smoke ) in the library.
5.We are talking about where
to spend
( spend ) our coming summer holiday.
Ⅲ
.
按要求完成句子
,
每空一词
1.Simon forgets when he will meet his friend.(
改为同义句
)
Simon forgets when
to
meet
his friend.
2.Often we don
’
t know where we can go on Sundays.(
改为同义句
)
Often we don
’
t know
where
to
go on Sundays.
3.The Greens are discussing which colour they will use to paint the walls.(
改为同义句
)
The Greens are discussing
which
colour
to
use
to paint the walls.
4.We have to go to school at weekends.(
改为否定句
)
We
don
’
t
have
to
go to school at weekends.
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