Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks
单元语法专练
动词不定式的用法
动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,to是动词不定式符号,有时可以省略。动词不定式在句中可以充当各种成分。
1.作主语:To do+谓语动词+其他。
动词不定式作主语时,to do也可放在句子后面,主语的位置上用it作形式主语。例如:
To help others is a great thing.帮助别人是一件伟大的事情。
It is easy to say things.说事情容易。
2.作宾语:主语+谓语动词+to do。
有时也用形式宾语it,动词不定式放在后面。例如:
He decided to be an animal doctor.他决定要当一名兽医。
I think it good to volunteer.我认为做志愿者很好。
3.作宾语补足语:主语+谓语动词+宾语+to do。例如:
You can help me (to) clean the house.你可以帮我打扫屋子。
4.作定语:放在所修饰的名词或代词之后。例如:
Would you like something to drink?你要喝点什么吗?
5.作状语:主语+谓语动词+(宾语)+(状语)+to do。例如:
The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up.那个女孩可以去医院看望生病的小孩,让他们高兴起来。
6.作表语:主语+连系动词+to do。例如:
My dream is to be a scientist or an artist.我的梦想是当一名科学家或艺术家。
动词短语的构成
1.动词+介词:
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此类动词短语后接宾语。例如:
look after“照看,照顾”,care for“照顾,非常喜欢”,wait for“等待”,look for“寻找”,look at“看”,listen to“听”,hear from“收到……的来信”,take after“(外貌或行为)像”
2.动词+副词:
此类动词短语可以接宾语,也可以不接宾语。当宾语是代词时,必须放于副词的前面,即“动词+宾语+副词”;当宾语是名词时,可以放在副词的前面或后面。例如:
give up“放弃”,hand out“分发”,put up“举起;张贴”,call up“打电话给……,征召”,find out“发现,弄明白”,cheer up“使变得高兴”
3.动词+副词+介词:
此类动词短语后接宾语。例如:
come up with“想出”,get out of“离开,从……出来”,run out of“用完,耗尽”
4.动词+名词+介词:
此类动词短语后接宾语。例如:
take part in“参加”,take care of“小心照顾”,make use of“利用”
5.动词+名词:
此类动词短语不接宾语。例如:
take place“发生”
Ⅰ.单项填空
(B)1.My host family always try their best me feel at home.
A.making B.to make
C.make D.makes
(C)2.Jim went to the library some science magazines yesterday.
A.borrow B.borrows
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C.to borrow D.borrowed
(C)3.I’d like a house,not too large, .
A.live in B.to live
C.to live in D.living in
(A)4.Parents should always tell their kids with strangers.
A.not to talk B.not talking
C.to not talk D.not talk
(A)5.Everyone should turn off lights when they leave the room energy.
A.to save B.for save
C.saving D.to saving
Ⅱ.用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空
work out,turn on,cheer up,hand out,put off
1.The school sports meeting will be put off because of the heavy rain.
2.Jim didn’t pass the exam and he was not happy.Let’s do something to cheer him up .
3.The government is trying many ways to work out the air pollution.
4.Finally,we managed to hand out all the 1,000 posters with others’ help.
5.Grandma wants to watch the program LegalReport.Please turn on the TV.
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