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Unit 10
I’ve had this bike for three years.
单元专题聚焦
Unit 10
I’ve had this bike for three years.
巧 品 语 法
妙 解 写 作
培 优 课 堂
巧品语法
现在完成时
(
三
)
命题情报
和现在完成时有关的考点还有和
since, for
的搭配，另外，短暂性动词和延续性动词之间的转换也是考查热点之一。在解答此类习题时，要认真分析语境，找出解题的关键信息。比如：“
since+
表示过去的时间点”是现在完成时的标志。
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1
含
since
或
for
的现在完成时
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现在完成时表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在，而且还可能继续下去的动作或状态，常和
since
或
for
引导的状语连用。在这种用法中，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。
We have known each other since childhood.
自童年起我们就认识彼此了。
She has learned English for five years.
她学习英语已经
5
年了。
2 since
和
for
的区别
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1.since
指从某个时间开始算，而
for
则指持续了多长时间。
I have lived in the village since I was born.
我从出生起就住在这个村庄。
I have lived in the village for twenty years.
我住在这个村庄已经
20
年了。
2.
并非含有“
for+
一段时间”结构的句子都用现在完成时，注意对比下面两个句子：
I lived here for more than twenty years.
我在这里住了二十多年。
(
言外之意是“我”现在已经不在这里住了
)
I have lived here for many years.
我已经在这里住了很多年了。
(
言外之意是现在“我”仍住在这里
)
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3.
since+
表示过去的时间点或从句，这里的时间点可以是具体的
年、月、日、时，也可以是由
ago, last
构成的表示时间的短语。
since
后跟从句时，从句用一般过去时。
I have been here since five months ago.
从五个月之前开始我就在这儿了。
Great changes have taken place here since you left.
自你离开以来，这里发生了巨大的变化。
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3
常用的短暂性动词及与之对应的延续性动词
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become→be borrow→keep
buy→have fall asleep→be asleep come/arrive/reach→be in close→be closed
come back→be back die→be dead
lose→be lost open→be open
join→be in/be a member of
leave→be away
marry→be married begin→be on
这辆自行车我买了三年了。
I have bought this bike for three years. (×)
I have had this bike for three years. (√)
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妙 解 写 作
如何写以“你最喜欢的东西”为话题的文章
本单元以“谈论个人物品和周围的东西”为话题。可以使用句型“
I have had...for/since...”
谈论你拥有最喜欢的东西多长时间了，还可以谈论它所带来的变化以及对你的影响。对于初中阶段的学生来说，常见的“最喜欢的东西”包括玩具、科技产品
(
如手机等
)
以及书等。现在，让我们结合实例一起看一下此类文章的写作技巧吧。
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写 作 案 例
从孩童时代到现在，你一定有许多玩具吧？你最喜欢的玩具是什么呢？你拥有它多长时间了？谁给你的？你为什么喜欢它？它有什么特别的意义？它给你带来了哪些快乐？请根据这些问题，介绍一下你最喜欢的玩具。
80
词左右。
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素 材 积 累
词汇库
①sweet
甜蜜的 ②
toy
玩具
③
scarf
围巾 ④
soft
软的
⑤
special
特别的 ⑥
own
拥有
⑦
crayon
彩色铅笔
⑧remind
提醒
⑨
buy
购买 ⑩
present
礼物
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短语箱
①soft toy
布绒玩具 ②
board game
棋类游戏
③
buy sth. for sb.
给某人买某物 ④
fall in love with...
爱上
……
⑤grow up
长大 ⑥
decide to do sth.
决定做某事
⑦
for a long time
长时间 ⑧
play with sth.
玩某物
⑨
remindsb. of sth.
使某人想起某事
/
某物
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句式链
①My parents bought the soft toy for me.
我父母给我买了这个布绒玩具。
②I’ve had it for seven years.
我已经拥有它七年了。
③I want to keep my old things because they bring back sweet
memories.
我想保留我的旧物，因为它们给我带来甜蜜的回忆。
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④I have had the toy since I was seven years old.
我从七岁起就拥有这个玩具了。
⑤We always need toys and clothes.
我们总是需要玩具和衣服。
⑥I like it so much because it is very beautiful.
我很喜欢它，因为它很漂亮。
⑦It has given me many wonderful memories.
它带给我许多美好的回忆。
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五 步 妙 解
审
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体裁
记叙文
话题
介绍你最喜欢的玩具
时态
一般现在时和现在完成时
人称
第一人称
段落
布局
开头：开门见山，指出你最喜欢的玩具是什么。
主体：具体介绍你拥有它多长时间了，是谁给你的，你为
什么喜欢这个玩具等。
结尾： 描述感情。可以在结尾处描述你对这件玩具的喜
爱之情或点明它对于你的特殊意义。
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谴
①我拥有了它。
_______________________________________
②我六岁。
_______________________________________
(2)
借助于
since
将以上两个简单句合并成一个含有时间状语从句的
复合句：
___________________________________________________
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I have had it.
I was six years old.
I have had it since I was six years old.
模
开篇点题
具体介绍
My favorite toy is a toy panda.
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I have had it since I was six years old.
My mother gave it to me.
I like the toy panda because…
It has given me many sweet memories.
I’m lucky to have the toy panda.
表达感受
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My favorite toy is a toy panda. I have had it since I was six years old. My mother gave it tome. I like the toy panda because it’s very lovely. It’s special to me because it’s a birthday gift my mother gave me. I think it’s the best gift I have received so far. When I feel lonely, I always hug it in my arms. It always reminds me of my happy childhood. It has given me many sweet memories. I’m lucky to have the toy panda.
润
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点
该篇作文结构清晰，层次分明，感情真挚，行文流畅，是一篇标准的满分作文。
1.
作者开篇点明了她最喜欢的玩具是玩具熊猫
(toy panda)
；然后详细介绍了与玩具熊猫有关的信息，如“它是我妈妈送给我的生日礼物”，即“
...it’s a birthday gift my mother gave me.”
；最后表达了她对这个玩具的喜爱之情。
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2.
作者在字里行间表达了她对这个玩具的喜爱之情，感情真挚，如
“
It has given me many sweet memories.”
等。
3.
作者在结尾处点明“
I’m lucky to have the toy panda.”
，和开头相
呼应。首尾呼应也是本文的一个亮点。
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小 试 身 手
根据中文提示和英文提示词语，写一篇意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于
80
词的短文。所给英文提示词语仅供选用。
上学期间，学校的某些场所一定给你留下了美好的记忆，如教室、阅览室、操场等。某英文报纸正以
“My Favorite Place at School”
为题征文。请描述一个你最喜欢的地方，并说明原因。
提示词语：
classroom, reading room, playground, bright, quiet, large, help, improve
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My Favorite Place at School
My favorite place at school is___________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
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One possible
v
ersion
：
My Favorite Place at School
My favorite place at school is the reading room. It's very big and bright. There are many kinds of books, newspapers and magazines.
I like reading newspapers and books there because they not only provide me with much knowledge, but also help me learn a lot about what is happening around the world. Sometimes, I even feel I can have a talk with the people in the books.
I can also relax myself in the peaceful environment there. When I feel tired or unhappy, the reading room is the best place to go to. Reading helps me forget all my troubles. For me, the reading room is the place I like best.
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培 优 课 堂
阅读时要多运用自己的知识积累
在阅读英语文章时，对于有的文章，我们可以运用自己的知识积累来猜测其主旨大意。现在的阅读语篇材料丰富，有许多介绍中西方文化的。比如，下面的这篇文章就是关于剪纸的文章介绍。根据我们的常识可知，剪纸是中国的一种传统的艺术形式。如果根据这个思路来解题，即便不阅读文章，也能判断出第
1
题的答案是
B
。
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【
典例
】
Paper cut can be seen in many parts of China during the Spring Festival. People put it on windows, doors and walls for the festival
.
A thousand years ago, paper cut was used for decoration(
装饰
). In the Tang Dynasty, women used paper cut as a headdress. In the Song Dynasty, it helped make gifts more beautiful.
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What’s more, people would feel happier when they saw paper cut on windows, doors and walls. Now people use paper cut to express their wishes for welcoming the New Year.
There are different kinds of paper cut in different parts of China. Pictures usually cover nearly all things, from flowers, birds to the famous people. Now, there are factories for paper cut in China. Paper cut has changed from decoration to a kind of art. At the same time, paper cut also appears in cartoons, magazines or TV programs.
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【
题目
】
1. _____people like to use paper cut for their festivals.
A. Australian B. Chinese
C. English D. American
2. In the Song Dynasty, paper cut helped to make gifts more_____ .
A. beautiful B. famous
C. different D. expensive
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3. This passage is mainly about______ .
A. cartoons B. TV programs
C. paper cut D. haircuts
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【
解析
】
本文是关于剪纸的文章介绍。文章介绍了剪纸的历史、种类等方面的内容。
结合第一段中的“
Paper cut can be seen in many parts of China during the Spring Festival.”
可知答
案为
B
。
2.
由第二段中的“
In the Song Dynasty, it helped make gifts more beautiful.”
可知答案为
A
。
3.
本文主要介绍的是剪纸，故答案为
C
。
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【
答案
】
1. B 2. A 3. C
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【
实战演练
】
见单元分层训练十
Ⅵ
的第
3
题和第
4
题
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