第35课 完形填空
解题策略方法
完形填空是中考常见的一种题型,这种题被专家称为障碍性阅读,也是中学生最为棘手的题型之一。它是由出题者在一篇语义连贯的文章中有目的地去掉一些词语,形成空格,要求在给出的对应备选答案中,选出一个正确的或最佳的答案,使文章恢复完整。它既考查对语法、词汇、习语、句型、搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力,又考查对短文的阅读理解能力,甚至有时还考查对时事政治等的关注。其中包括在具体的语境中灵活运用语言知识的能力,根据试题内容进行正确的逻辑推理,综合判断和分析概括的能力。
完形填空题是考查同学们语言能力的综合性测试题型。它集词语的意义辨析、词语的习惯用法及搭配、句法、语法和语篇理解等于一体,既考查同学们的语言基础知识,又考查分析、判断能力和综合运用语言的实践能力。对于这类试题,不少同学感到很棘手,在各种测试中总是得分不高。那么,完形填空题有没有相应的解题技巧呢?完形填空题的文章体裁和题材都很广泛,有记叙文、说明文和议论文,内容涉及到天文地理、日常生活、政治经济、人物传记和社会故事等许多方面。该题型最突出的特点是:容量大,分值高,选项干扰性强,既考查知识,又考查能力。但是对这样的题,也不是毫无对策可言。同学们在做完形填空题时,不妨按以下几点去做:
1. 突破首句,获取尽可能多的信息
重视首句、突破首句。完形填空题所选用短文的第一句话通常是不设空的,目的是给考生一个整体印象,同时提示短文的中心内容或提供故事发生的时间、地点、背景等。
2. 通读全文,把握文章的基本脉络
做完形填空题应着眼于语篇理解,因为完形填空题中干扰项的设置极具迷惑性,如果操之过急,见空就填,可能会“只见树木,不见森林”。因此,正确的做法是先快速浏览全文,理清文章脉络,掌握文章大意,了解作者意图,为下一步逐个解题寻找判断的依据。同时,通读全文也解决了那些需要通过上下文或联系语篇语境的题目。
为了快速浏览全文,掌握大意,在阅读过程中要特别注意文章和段落的首尾句,因为这些句子往往就是整个篇章或段落的主题思想。它还能让你很快了解文章的体裁、形式、涉及的内
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容及作者的意图。获得这些重要信息,对下面的做题至关重要。
3. 研读全文,初步确定答案
掌握了文章的大意后,就为进一步做题奠定了基础。这时应细读全文,按照文章内容的前后顺序并结合备选答案,边读边分析,边推断正确选项。同时,对试题的测试部分(即文中空格)要进行认真分析。一般的设空词有语用固定型和语境逻辑型两大类。语用固定型题目一般是较为常见的语法结构、词汇及习语等,这部分试题可先行解决。在先行解决一部分试题后,部分语句已经通畅,也就有了更为完整的信息,这有助于进一步了解语篇及作者意图。再经过对已知信息的分析、推理,语境逻辑型试题也会迎刃而解。
当然,在做题过程中也会有一部分题目的四个选项填到空格中时,每一个单独的语句都是符合语法规则的,这时考生就应该利用已知信息,挖掘深层含义,联系上下文,根据文章的主旨和语境要求,把握词义的细微差别,排除干扰项。
4. 复读全文,全面验证答案
填完空格后,重读全文,这也是解题过程中至关重要的一环。此时考生对文章已经有了一个相对完整的了解,对文章的理解也更进了一步,也就摸清了文章内在发展的逻辑关系。而如果在此时再读一遍文章,就有可能会发现一些其他原来没有注意到的问题,也就能够根据对语篇的理解及内在的联系,反复推敲,比较异同,从而选择一个更符合文章意义的答案。
当堂检测
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。(绍兴市柯桥区中考模拟)
It was raining. I went into a café and asked for a cup of coffee. 1 I was waiting for my drink, I realized there were other people in the place, but I sensed 2 . I saw their bodies, but I couldn’t feel their souls(灵魂) because their souls belonged to the 3 .
I stood up and walked between the tables. When I came to the biggest computer, I saw a thin, small man 4 in front of it. “I’m Steve,” he finally answered after I asked him a couple of times what his name was. “I 5 talk with you. I’m
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busy,” he said. He was chatting online and, at the same time, he was playing a computer game—a war game. I was 6 .
7 didn’t Steve want to talk with me? I tried again to speak to that computer geek(电脑迷), 8 not a word came out of 9 mouth. I touched his shoulder, but no reaction. I was unhappy. I put my hand in front of the monitor, and he started to shout, “Leave me alone!”
I took a few steps back, wondering if all those people in the café were looking at me. I 10 and nobody showed any interest.
11 , I realized that people there were having a nice conversation with their machines, not with people. They were more interested in having a relationship with the computer 12 Steve. I wouldn’t want to 13 the future of human beings if they preferred sharing their lives with machines 14 people.
I was worried and sunk 15 my thoughts. I didn’t even notice that the coffee was bad, just as Steve didn’t notice there was a person next to him.
( )1. A. Before B. Since C. Although D. While
( )2. A. pain B. loneliness C. sadness D. pleased
( )3. A. home B. world C. Net D. café
( )4. A. sleeping B. laughing C. sitting D. learning
( )5. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. couldn’t D. needn’t
( )6. A. surprised B. delighted C. moved D. worried
( )7. A. What B. Why C. How D. Who
( )8. A. but B. so C. if D. or
( )9. A. my B. her C. their D. his
( )10. A. waved my hand B. shook my shoulder
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C. nodded my head D. raised my head
( )11. A. From then on B. At that moment
C. In all D. Above all
( )12. A. particularly B. usually C. really D. nicely
( )13. A. tell B. plan C. imagine D. design
( )14. A. other than B. instead of C. except for D. as well as
( )15. A. on B. between C. for D. in
参考答案
当堂检测
1. D
2. B 【解析】由下文“我看到他们的身体,但我感受不到他们的灵魂,因为他们的灵魂属于因特网”可知。
3—5. CCA 6—10. ABADD 11—15. BACBD
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