2020届新高考英语二轮对点集训：第二板块专题二第二部分题型应对探究（Word版附解析）.doc

第二板块 专题二 [小题夯基练] 1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ节选) In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important.____36____While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic(逻辑)of each to their particular circumstance. A．That's what they are for. B．Turn to an online instructor for help. C．If more information is needed, they will ask. D．Remember that online professors get a lot of emails. E．Below are some common do's and don'ts for online learners. F．Everyone has taken a not­so­great class at one time or another. G．Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions. 解析：E　[过渡句。设空处前提出与在线(online)课程教授有着良好的沟通很重要，下文 介绍了该做的和不该做的事情，因此答案为 E 项。] 2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ节选) … The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls，ceilings，and floors.Whether you're looking at wall paper or paint ， the time ， effort and relative expense put into it are significant.____40____. A．While all of them are useful B．Whatever you're looking for C．If you're experimenting with a color D．Small color choices are the ones we're most familiar with E．It's not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces F．So it pays to be sure，because you want to get it right the first time G．Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways 解析：F　[该空位于段尾，应属于总结句。根据空前的“the time，effort and relative expense put into it are significant”可知，大型物品的颜色选择所需要的时间、精力、费用很大，这恰与 F 项构成因果关系。] 3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ节选)•Your metabolism (新陈代谢)gets a head start.__38__If you work out in the mornings，then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里)burning benefits for the whole day，not in your sleep. … A．You will stick to your diet. B．Your quality of sleep improves. C．You prefer healthy food to fast food. D．There is no reason you should exercise in the morning. E．You can keep your head clear for 4—10 hours after exercise. F．After you exercise，you continue to burn calories throughout the day. G．If you are planning to do exercise regularly，or you're doing it now，then listen up! 解析：F　[设空处位于段中，属于段中题。这一段说的是晨练有助于人体的新陈代谢，能 让你一整天都感受到晨练消耗卡路里带来的好处。F 项“晨练之后你还会在一天时间里继续消 耗卡路里”中的关键词“throughout the day”与文中的“the whole day”呼应。故选 F。] 4．(2018·北京卷节选)__55__However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence.With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings. A．Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well. B．But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger. C．Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it. D．Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry. 解析：D　[下一句提到：但是生气很容易转变为暴力，所以最好了解一下愤怒的原因来 阻止它的存在。该句和上一句之间是转折关系，结合剩余选项可知，D 选项(愤怒是一种特别 强烈的感情，或许人们认为他们有理由生气。)和下文构成转折关系，故选 D。] 5．　　… Unfortunately，we've all been victims of betrayal.Whether we've been stolen from，lied to， misled，or cheated on，there are different levels of losing trust.Sometimes people simply can't trust anymore.__37__It's understandable，but if you're willing to build trust in a relationship again，we have some steps you can take to get you there. … A．Learn to really trust yourself. B．It is putting confidence in someone. C．Stop regarding yourself as the victim.D．Remember that you can expect the best in return. E．They've been too badly hurt and they can't bear to let it happen again. F．This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. G．Seeing the positive side of things doesn't mean you're ignoring what happened. 解析：E　[此题从行文逻辑上判断属因果关系。上句意为“有时候，人们简直无法再信任 (别人)了，”而本句应是解释人们无法信任别人的原因。故 E 项符合题意。] 6．Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right.__74__ The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 percent smaller than those taken before sleep，showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping. D．The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories. E．That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning. F．“Sleep is the price we pay for learning，”says Giulio Tononi，who developed the idea. G．Tononi's team measured the size of these connections，or synapses，in the brains of 12 mice. 解析：G　[该段首句说“现在我们有最直接的证据证明他的假设是对的”，那接下来应该 具体描述该证据。此处，该空后面一句话解释了实验的结果和意义。综合看来，只有 G 项符 合语境，指出了研究团队、实验对象及实验内容。] 7 ． Every animal sleeps ， but the reason for this has remained foggy.When lab rats are not allowed to sleep，they die within a month.__71__ A．We should also try to sleep well the night before. B．It's as if the brain is preserving its most important memories. C．Similarly，when people go for a few days without sleeping，they get sick. 解析：C　[首句指出“每种动物都要睡觉，但原因仍然是个谜”。接下来是具体例证，如 实验室的老鼠被剥夺了睡眠，一个月内就会死亡，C 项“同样，如果人类连接几天不睡觉，就 会生病”与前句是并列关系，故选 C。] [大题提能练] A 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。 With time and experience，most adults know that not getting enough sleep can be harmful to us.Too bad，teens don't see that connection so clearly.It's up to parents to convey the importance of sleeping enough.__36__ Play up the positives.Sometimes it helps to point out the benefits that come with changing a behavior.In this case，not only will quality sleep help teens focus better in school and feel happier overall，it can improve the appearance of their skin.__37__Lay stress on consistency.A lot of teenagers，and even grown­ups，think they can spend less time on shut­eye during the week if they make up for it on the weekend.Not true.An extra hour or two of sleep on Saturday and Sunday can do us more harm than good.__38__ As a result，it is hard to fall asleep at the appropriate time on Sunday evening. Give the hard facts.__39__ That's why it's so important to explain what it feels like to be too tired to get behind the wheel.Promise your teen that he can always call you to pick him up no matter where he is or what time it is，if he's too sleepy to drive. __40__ Sleep isn't as fun as texting with friends and it seems less necessary than cramming for an exam.Help your teen view sleep as a priority(优先事项)by making it one in your own life as well.Set up a family charging station for electronic devices outside of the bedrooms，so phones can be powered up overnight without tempting(引诱)anyone to check messages.Leave your own devices there when you go to bed.Rarely is anything so important that it can't wait until after a good night's sleep. A．Lead by example. B．Set aside quality family time. C．These four tips will show you how. D．It disturbs a person's internal body clock. E．It is important for us to realize the importance of a good sleep. F．It's reported that one out of five traffic accidents involves a sleepy driver. G．It also keeps them from getting sick and helps them keep a healthy weight. [语篇解读]　 本文是一篇说明文。作为一名家长，如何让自己的孩子拥有足够的睡眠呢？ 对此，作者提出了一些有用的建议。 36．C　[考查承上启下。综合全文的内容和结构我们可以看出，本文主要提出了一些建 议，关于如何让孩子拥有足够的睡眠，而 C 项“这四条建议将会告诉你如何做”是一个承上 启下的句子，符合它在本文中的位置。] 37．G　[考查细节支撑。综合第二段的内容我们可以看出，这一段主要讲述足够的睡眠 给孩子们带来的好处。而 G 项“它还让他们远离疾病，并帮助他们保持健康的体重”在内容 上符合本段的大意。] 38．D　[考查细节支撑。根据本空前面的内容我们可以看出本段讲述星期一到星期五不 按时睡觉而在周末补觉所带来的恶果，选项 D 的意思在逻辑上与前后的内容一致。故本空应 选 D。] 39．F　[考查承上启下。根据本空后面一句的内容我们可以确定，本空所选的句子应与开 车有关。而 F 项讲述的是睡眠不足带来交通事故的危险。因此，本题应选 F。] 40．A　[考查段落主旨。本空位于段首。根据短文的结构我们可以看出，本空是本段的 主题句，应是祈使句。再结合本段的大意我们可以确定，本段讲述的是家长要以身作则。而 A项符合相关的要求。] B 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。 When the cold weather hits ， swimming is probably an activity that's far from your mind.__36__.Here are some reasons why swimming in winter is great! Work your muscles Every time you swim，it is like doing a mini­resistance workout.Each kick and pull works your muscles more than you might imagine，especially your arms，shoulders and gluteus——the muscles that are inactive all day when you're sitting at your desk.Swimming also works your abs(腹肌)and will reduce your waistline.__37__. Lift your spirits Exercise gives off chemicals in your body called endorphins(内啡肽)．These cause a positive feeling into your body which makes you happy.__38__.The repetition，movement and breathing can help you to relax and that's why swimming is also regarded as a relaxing exercise. __39__ Swimming is one of the best activities you can do all year round which benefits your body and your mind.Swimming has been found to increase blood flow to the brain ， which leads to more oxygen.That means you'll experience alertness improved ， better memory and cognitive( 认 知 的)function. Meet new people __40__.You can meet people from all walks of life when swimming.Have a chat in the lap pool， join a swimming club ， or get involved in social water sports to get to know people in your community.Besides，the great thing about swimming is that you can do it—rain or shine.Although your backyard pool，the river，or beach cools down over winter，most inside swimming pools run heated pools year­round，so you've got no excuse to stop swimming! A．Good for your brain B．Greatly beneficial to your body C．These chemicals can control your thought and action D．Swimming has been shown to reduce stress and tension E．While swimming is an individual sport，it's also very social F．So，along with building fitness，it is a wonderful full­body exercise G．But swimming is one of the best activities everyone can undertake in winter [语篇解读]　 这是一篇说明文，作者在文中介绍了冬泳的几点优势。 36．G　[考查承上启下。该空的前一句表明冬季的时候人们往往不再考虑游泳，空后一句“Here are some reasons why swimming in winter is great”说明下文将介绍冬季游泳的益处，G 项中的 But 表明转折关系，G 项在此处起着承上启下的作用。] 37．F　[考查段落总结。第二段的主题是“锻炼你的肌肉”，该空上文说明游泳能锻炼身 体各部分的肌肉，比如胳膊肩膀的肌肉，臀肌和腹肌，故 F 项中的 full­body exercise 起到总结 的作用。] 38．D　[考查细节支撑。本段主题是“让你开心起来”，上文的“makes you happy”和下文 的“help you to relax”“relaxing”暗示 D 项“已证明游泳可以减少压力和紧张”符合段意。] 39．A　[考查段落主旨。本空是第四段的主题句，依据第四段的“increase blood flow to the brain...experience alertness improved，better memory and cognitive(认知的) function”可知，本段 主要讲述了冬泳对大脑的益处，故选 A 项。] 40．E　[考查细节支撑。依据下文的“You can meet people from all walks of life when swimming”可知，游泳也可以是一种社交活动，这与 E 项中的“it's also very social” 相符。] C 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。 Nothing is more important to academic achievement than being a good reader.Parents know their children best and can provide the one­on­one time and attention that will lead them to success in reading.__36__. Set aside a “Reading Time”daily Studies show that regularly reading out loud to children will produce significant gains in reading comprehension.Whether your children are preschoolers or preteens，it will increase their desire to read independently. Surround kids with reading materials Children with a large number of reading materials in their homes score higher on standardized tests.Attract your kids to reading by having a large supply of appealing books and magazines at their reading level.__37__.Make it a full part of children's lives. Have family reading time Set a daily 15­to­30­minute time when everyone in the family reads together silently.__38__.Just 15 minutes of daily practice is enough to increase their reading fluency. Encourage reading activities __39__.Have them read menus，roadside signs，game directions，weather reports，movie time listings，and other practical everyday information.Also，make sure they always have something to read in their spare time when they could be waiting for appointments or riding in a car. __40__ To help your children improve their reading，use textbooks，computer programs，books­on­tape， and other materials available in stores.Games are especially good choices because they let children have fun as they work on their skills. A．Use aids that help with reading B．Offer help with reading problems C．Seeing you read will inspire your children to read D．Assist your children to seize opportunities for reading E．Here is a list of ways to help your children become more efficient readers F．Put the reading materials in cars，bathrooms，bedrooms，and even family rooms G．The more encouragement children receive，the more likely they are to become good readers [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。本文提供了父母帮助孩子们成为更高效的读者的方法。 36．E　[考查承上启下。由第一段中的关键信息“being a good reader....provide the one­on­one time and attention that will lead them to success in reading”及对下文各段标题等进行 综合分析可知，此空应填入 E 选项(以下是帮助你的孩子成为更高效的读者的方法清单)起到承 上启下的作用。] 37．F　[考查细节支撑。结合该段的标题 Surround kids with reading materials 及该段的相 关信息“having a large supply of appealing books and magazines”“Make it...lives”综合分析，此处 该填入 F 项(把阅读材料放在车里、浴室、卧室、甚至家庭娱乐室里)。] 38．C　[考查细节支撑。根据该段的标题 Have family reading time 及段落的相关信息 “everyone in the family reads together silently”即可判断选项 C(看到你阅读就会激励你的孩子阅 读)正确。 39．D　[考查细节支撑。根据该段的标题 Encourage reading activities 及段落信息“read menus，roadside signs，game directions，weather reports，movie time listings，and other practical everyday information”综合分析，选项 D 的表述“Assist your children to seize opportunities for reading”符合语境。] 40．A　[考查段落主旨。该段的首句提到为了帮助孩子们提高阅读技巧可使用一些辅助 手段，即“use textbooks，computer programs，books­on­tape，and other materials available in stores”，由此可判断，选项 A(使用帮助阅读的辅助手段)作为该段标题符合语境。] D 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。 Coming face­to­face with your inadequacies(缺点)can be painful，to say the least.__36__ It even makes you question yourself.Your knee­jerk reaction may be to get defensive or even dismiss the critique entirely.But handling negative feedback with grace will not only make you look gracious， but it could ultimately help you grow as a person.Here's how to do it. 1．Be objective about the criticismBefore you jump to conclusions and begin to challenge the other person's opinion，take a step back and look at it objectively. Next time you get a bad review，don't immediately allow your emotions to get the better of you， but rather，take a moment to consider whether the criticism is at all accurate.__37__ 2．Avoid unnecessary conflict If you decide that the point is valid，it may be hard to take.In your discomfort，you may feel the urge to criticize the other person angrily and defend yourself.__38__ 3．Be open to the idea of change __39__ And it may be because of a concept called “cognitive dissonance”that can prevent us from changing even when that's what we need most. 4．Ask questions If you're open to using the criticism as a springboard to improvement，you will likely need more information.__40__ Your emotions will be running high，and you may not be particularly receptive to extra information.However，when you feel ready，it could be worth revisiting the subject with the person who criticized you.Even if you don't agree with their advice，thank them and promise to consider it. A．Most of us are pretty stubborn. B．There is no doubt that change is necessary. C．But it's best to avoid getting into an argument. D．Being sensitive to criticism leads you nowhere. E．It challenges the way you believe people see you. F．Give yourself a chance to really take in the information and evaluate it. G．The initial moment you hear it may not be the best time to ask for more details. [语篇解读]　 听到别人对你的批评也许会很痛苦，但是如果优雅地处理这些问题，自己 将变得更好。 36．E　[根据空后一句话可知，空处与下一句是递进关系，E 项“这会挑战你认为别人看 待你的方式”，所以 E 项符合语境。] 37．F　[根据空前的“don't immediately allow your emotions to get the better of you，but rather， take a moment to consider whether the criticism is at all accurate”可知，空处应讲给自己一个机会 真正吸收这些信息并对其进行评估。故 F 项符合语境。] 38．C　[根据该段小标题“Avoid unnecessary conflict”可知，C 项“但是最好避免陷入争吵” 符合语境。] 39．A　[根据空后的“And it may be because of a concept called‘cognitive dissonance’that can prevent us from changing even when that's what we need most.”及本段小标题可知，A 项“我 们大部分人都很倔强”符合语境。]40．G　[根据空后的“Your emotions will be running high，and you may not be particularly receptive to extra information.”并结合上文可知，空处应讲最开始听到批评时不适合问更多的 细节，故 G 项符合语意。]