专题限时集训(七) 推理判断之文章出处、读
者对象
A (2019·兰州市诊断考试)
A new chapter opened in mankind's exploration of the moon on Thursday morning
as the first probe(航天探测器) to land on the moon's far side reached its destination
after a 26day journey.The Chang'e 4 lunar probe，representing China's latest step in
lunar investigation，landed at 10：26 am at the Von Kármán crater and then sent back
three photos of the landing site shot by cameras on the probe's lander(着陆器)，marking
the world's first images taken on the surface of the far side.
One of the photos，published by the China National Space Administration，shows
the place where Chang'e 4's rover，which was named Yutu 2 on Thursday night，will be
heading to explore and survey.Thus began the first long journey to the side of the moon
that faces away from the Earth.It is meant to fulfill scientists' longheld desire to closely
observe the lesser known region.
Tidal(潮汐的) forces on Earth slow the moon's rotation to the point that the same
side always faces Earth.The other side，most of which is never visible from Earth，is the
far side of the moon.While it has been photographed by spacecraft ， starting with a
Soviet probe in 1959，no probe had ever made a soft landing there，so scientists had not
been able to conduct surfacelevel observations and surveys of the region.
Wu Weiren，chief designer of China's lunar program，said in Beijing on Thursday
that the landing“was perfect”．He called the event“an important milestone for China's
space exploration”，adding that it has made a good start for future lunar exploration
efforts.
With its investigation of the far side，particularly the Von Kármán crater，the
Chang'e 4 mission will enable scientists to find out what they haven't known about the
moon and deepen their knowledge of its early history and of the solar system.
【语篇解读】 嫦娥四号探测器在月球背面着陆，这标志着中国探月工程的
巨大进步，同时也为人类了解月球的背面提供了信息。
1．What is the first paragraph mainly about?A．The basic data of the Chang'e 4 lunar probe.
B．The Chang'e 4's worldfirst landing on the moon's far side.
C．The Chang'e 4's 26day visit to the far side of the moon.
D．The description of the photos taken on the surface of the moon's far side.
B [考查主旨大意。根据第一段第一句“A new chapter opened in mankind's
exploration of the moon on Thursday morning as the first probe(航天探测器) to land on
the moon's far side reached its destination after a 26day journey”可知，本段主要介绍
了嫦娥四号实现了人类首次在月球背面着陆。故选 B。]
2．What does the underlined word“it”in the third paragraph refer to?
A．The lander.
B．The rover.
C．The far side of the moon.
D．The Chang'e 4 lunar probe.
C [考查词义猜测。根据第三段的第二句“The other side，most of which is never
visible from Earth，is the far side of the moon”以及画线词所在句中的“While it has
been photographed by spacecraft”可知，it 在这里指代“the far side of the moon”，故选
C。]
3．What can we infer from this text?
A．It is only on the moon that people can explore the deep space.
B．The scientific information obtained by Chang'e 4 will be new to the world.
C．It is the first time for people to see the pictures of the far side of the moon.
D．Chinese space technology is more advanced than that of any other country's.
B [考查推理判断。根据第一段最后一句中的“marking the world's first images
taken on the surface of the far side”可知，嫦娥四号月球探测器发回的照片是世界上
首次在月球背面拍摄照片，由此可推知，B 项正确。]
4．In which section of a website can we probably read this text?
A．Tourism.
B．Health Care.
C．Science and Technology.
D．Art and Entertainment.C [考查文章出处。本文为新闻报道，介绍了嫦娥四号探测器首次在月球背
面着陆，这标志着中国探月工程的巨大进步，由此可推知，本文可能出自一个网
站的科技版面。故选 C。]
B (2019·成都市诊断性检测)
Young trees don't just grow；they develop a personality and learn more about their
environment and how they should best behave in it.They also help each other out
whenever there's trouble.
Personality，just as among people，varies among trees.Some are anxious，some
bold.On the author's land，there are three oak trees growing close together.One of the
oak trees always starts to shed its leaves two weeks earlier than the others.Since they all
experience the same temperature ， the same soil and the same length of day ， such
variables can't be the explanation.So what's happening？Well，this tree is simply more
careful than the others.Whoever holds on to their leaves longer can do more
photosynthesis(光合作用) and store more nutrients.However，the longer a tree keeps its
leaves，the higher the risk of injury.
Not only do trees make their own decisions，they also learn from their mistakes.A
tree，for example，keeping its leaves too long during one year will never make this
mistake again.This leads to several other conclusions：trees must notice the temperature
and the length of the day and be able to save their experiences somewhere.Obviously，
trees don't have brains，but it is thought that in the sensitive tips of their roots they keep
track of information and experiences.
But trees aren't only clever when it comes to caring for themselves.They also
support each other whenever there's trouble by giving warnings and even taking care of
sick and weak conspecifics with nutrients.For example，one time the author found a
very old tree stump.Its insides had rotted a long time ago to topsoil.But the wood on the
outside of the stump was still living.How was this possible ？ Well ， the stump was
nourished by its neighbors with nutrients from the root system，and had been for at least
400 years!
Why do trees do such a thing？It's simple：it's better together.Trees need the forest；
it protects them from storms ， provides the right microclimate and warns them of
attacks.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了树的智慧。
5．Why does the author mention the three oak trees?
A．To illustrate trees can learn from experiences.
B．To show trees can make independent decisions.
C．To explain trees are quite supportive to each other.
D．To prove trees have the same personalities as humans.
B [考查推理判断。根据第二段第四句可知，三棵橡树中，有一棵总比其他
两棵先落叶；结合第三段第一句可知，树木能自己做决定；据此可推知，作者提
及三棵橡树旨在说明树木可以自己做决定，故 B 项正确。]
6．According to the text，which of the following best describes general features of
trees?
A．Anxious and bold.
B．Smart and adventurous.
C．Helpful and wellbehaved.
D．Adaptable and supportive.
D [考查推理判断。根据第三段第一句，并结合第三段内容可知，树木不仅
能自己做决定，还能从自己的错误中吸取教训；据此可推知，树木适应能力强；
根据第四段第一、二句可知，树木不仅善于照顾自己，当遇到困难时，它们会发
出警告，相互支持，甚至照顾生病、虚弱的同类；据此可推知，树木之间互帮互
助，故 D 项正确。]
7．What does the underlined phrase“do such a thing” mean?
A．Give warnings.
B．Offer assistance.
C．Depend on others.
D．Provide nutrients.
B [考查词义猜测。根据第四段尾句可知，树桩是由它的邻居从根处给予营
养来滋养的；结合第五段第一句 Why do trees do such a thing？和第五段的内容可知，
该处表示“为什么树木要互相帮助？”，故画线短语是指提供帮助，故 B 项正
确。]
8．Where does this text most probably come from?A．A public lecture.
B．A science book.
C．An experiment report.
D．A travel journal.
B [考查文章出处。通读全文可知，本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了树的智
慧：每棵树都有它不同的个性，遇到困难时它们也会互相帮助；研究发现，树不
但能自己做决定，还能从自己的错误中吸取教训；据此可推知，本文最可能选自
科学书籍，故 B 项正确。]
C (2019·昆明市诊断测试)
Who're happier，men or women？Research shows it's a complex question and that
asking whether males or females are happier isn't really that helpful，because basically，
happiness is different for women and men.
Women's happiness has been declining for the past 30 years，according to recent
statistics.And research shows that women are twice as likely to experience depression
compared with men.Gender( 性 别 ) differences in depression are well confirmed and
studies have found that biological，psychological and social factors contribute to the
difference.
Early studies on gender and happiness found men and women were socialized to
express different feelings.Women are more likely to express happiness，warmth and fear，
which help with social bonding and appear more consistent with the traditional role as a
primary caregiver，while men display more anger，pride and disrespect，which are more
consistent with a protector and provider role.
Recent research suggests that these differences are not just socially ， but also
genetically related.Studies have looked into these findings further and discovered that
females use more areas of the brain containing mirror neurons(镜像神经元) than males
when they process feelings.Mirror neurons allow us to experience the world from other
people's view，to understand their actions and intentions.This may explain why women
can experience deeper sadness.Women tend to experience more negative feelings，such
as more guilt，shame and to a lesser degree，embarrassment.
Psychologically it seems men and women differ in the way they process and
express feelings.With the exception of anger，women experience feelings more strongly and share their feelings more openly with others.Studies have found in particular that
women express more appreciation—which has been linked to greater happiness.This
supports the theory that women's happiness is more dependent on relationships than
men's.
【语篇解读】 本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面介绍了男性和女性在幸福
感上的差异。
9．Which feeling are men more likely to show compared with women?
A．Warmth. B．Depression.
C．Happiness. D．Disrespect.
D [考查细节理解。根据第三段最后一句中的 while men display more anger,
pride and disrespect 可知，男性表现更多的是生气、骄傲和无礼，故选 D 项。]
10．What factors cause women to share feelings more openly?
A．Psychological factors.
B．Biological factors.
C．Educational factors.
D．Social factors.
A [考查细节理解。根据最后一段的内容可知，本段从心理方面介绍了男性
和女性在处理和表达感情方面的不同：与男性相比，女性更加公开地表露自己内
心的情感，故选 A 项。]
11．One can probably read the text from ．
A．a science fiction
B．a culture brochure
C．a nursery guide
D．a health magazine
D [考查文章出处。根据本文内容可知，本文主要从社会、生理和心理三个
方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。由此可推知，本文有可能摘自一本健
康杂志，故选 D 项。]
12．What is the text mainly about?
A．Men and women differ in biology and psychology.
B．Men and women experience happiness differently.C．Social roles have a great effect on men and women.
D．Women's happiness has declined in the past years.
B [考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析
了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异，故 B 项最符合文意。]
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