专题限时集训(八) 主旨大意之确定文章标题
A (2019·河南省五校联考)
I was getting ready to go to bed when the phone rang.This could not be good.My
mind raced through the list of family members who might need help，but the voice was
hardly familiar.
“Lindy，this is Lesley.”I didn't know Lesley well.We did occasionally speak with
each other ， but to say we were friends was not appropriate.I asked what she
needed.Perhaps something really awful caused her to reach someone she barely
knew.Instead，she asked me，“Do you have room for a turkey？In your freezer？”We
had lots of room in our freezer，and in fact，too much.“Sure，”I responded.“did your
freezer break down？”“Not exactly，”Lesley replied，“but I will explain when I
arrive.”
Minutes later came a huge freezer truck.Lesley stepped down and explained the
lease(租约) of the grocery store her husband serviced had run out and that they had to
empty all the freezers that very night.Thinking it was a shame to throw away all this
good food，they decided to drop off food to anyone she could think of.Noticing our
freezer was pretty empty，Lesley asked to fill it up.Our home was their last stop and
anything left would have to be put in our freezer.An hour later，everything finished，I
asked her，“When will you come back for all this？”Lesley laughed，“We don't want
it back.It is yours！Thanks for helping us out！”Then she waved goodbye and drove
away.
“For helping them out？”We opened our freezer door.Inside were all expensive
foods we never bought but often longed to try.We were struggling to buy groceries，yet
it was not something we shared with anyone.However ， our needs were met in an
unexpected way，by that call，“Do you have room for a turkey？”
【语篇解读】 本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了作者一家在困难时期意外收到一
位只有点头之交的人的“求助”，实际上却得到对方帮助的故事。
1．How did the writer feel when she heard the phone ringing?
A．Angry. B．Anxious.
C．Shocked. D．Relieved.B [考查推理判断。根据第一段中的 This could not be good. My mind raced
through the list of family members who might need help 可知，作者刚听到电话铃响时
认 为 不 会 有 好 事 发 生 ， 猜 测 是 哪 个 家 人 需 要 帮 助 ， 因 此 作 者 应 是 担 忧 的
(anxious)。]
2．What does the author indicate by the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2?
A．They were running out of food supplies.
B．Their freezer was too large to fill.
C．They were glad to put the turkey in the freezer.
D．Their freezer was less frequently used.
A [考查句意理解。画线句表示“我们冰箱的空间很多，事实上，是太多
了”；最后一段中的 Inside were all expensive foods we never bought but often longed
to try 暗示，作者真正想要表达的是他们生活困难，贮存的食物快吃完了，因此她
家冰箱有太多的空间，故 A 项正确。]
3．Why did Lesley call up the writer?
A．Because she didn't want food to go to waste.
B．Because the writer was her good friend.
C．Because something awful had happened.
D．Because she knew the writer was in need.
A [考查细节理解。根据第三段第三句可知，Lesley 不想把这么好的食物扔
掉，所以决定把食物送给她能想起的任何人，包括作者，故 A 项正确。]
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．A friend on speaking terms
B．Who is my angel?
C．Unexpected bargains
D．Do you have room for a turkey?
D [考查标题判断。文章主要讲述了作者一家在困难时期收到 Lesley 的“求
助”电话，询问其冰柜是否有空间存放火鸡，结果却得到 Lesley 的帮助的故事。
结合文章前后均提到 Do you have room for a turkey 可知，D 项正确。]
B (2019·郑州市质量预测)
People have different ways of dealing with a common cold.Some take overthecounter medicines such as aspirin while others try popular home remedies( 治疗) like
herbal tea or chicken soup.Yet here is the tough truth about the common cold：nothing
really cures it.
So why do people sometimes believe that their remedies work ？ According to
James Taylor，professor at the University of Washington，colds usually go away on their
own in about a week，improving a little each day after symptoms peak，so it's easy to
believe it's medicine rather than time that deserves the credit，USA Today reported.
It still seems hard to believe that we can deal with more serious diseases yet are
powerless against something so common as a cold.Recently，scientists came closer to
figure out why.To understand it，you first need to know how antiviral drugs work.They
attack the virus by attaching to and changing the surface structures of the virus.To do
that，the drug must fit and lock into the virus like the right piece of a jigsaw(拼图)，
which means scientists have to identify the virus and build a 3D model to study its
surface before they can design an antiviral drug that is effective enough.
The two cold viruses that scientists had long known about were rhinovirus(鼻病毒)
A and B．But they didn't find out about the existence of a third virus，rhinovirus C，until
2006.All three of them contribute to the common cold，but drugs that work well against
rhinovirus A and B have little effect when used against rhinovirus C.
“This explains most of the previous failures of drug trials against rhinoviruses，”
study leader Professor Ann C．Palmenberg at the University of WisconsinMadison，US，
told Science Daily.
Now，more than 10 years after the discovery of rhinovirus C，scientists have finally
built a highlydetailed 3D model of the virus，showing that the surface of the virus is，
as expected，different from that of other cold viruses.
With the model in hand ， hopefully a real cure for a common cold is on its
way.Soon，we may no longer have to waste our money on medicines that don't really
work.
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了科学家们对普通感冒的相关研究。
5．What does the author think of popular remedies for a common cold?
A．They are quite effective.
B．They are slightly helpful.C．They actually have no effect.
D．They still need to be improved.
C [考查细节理解。根据第一段最后一句可知，作者认为常见的应对普通感
冒的方法都是无效的，这与第二段的专家论述呼应。]
6．How do antiviral drugs work?
A．By breaking up cold viruses directly.
B．By changing the surface structures of the cold viruses.
C．By preventing colds from developing into serious diseases.
D．By absorbing different kinds of cold viruses at the same time.
B [考查细节理解。根据第三段第四句可知，抗病毒药物是通过附着在病毒
表面，并改变其表面结构而起作用的。]
7．What can we infer from the passage?
A．The surface of cold viruses looks quite similar.
B．Scientists have already found a cure for the common cold.
C．Scientists were not aware of the existence of rhinovirus C until recently.
D ． Knowing the structure of cold viruses is the key to developing an effective
cure.
D [考查推理判断。根据第三段最后一句，并结合对本段的整体理解可推知，
了解感冒病毒的结构是研发有效药物的关键所在。]
8．What is the best title for this passage?
A．Drugs against cold viruses
B．Helpful home remedies
C．No current cure for common cold
D．Research on cold viruses
C [考查标题判断。根据第一段最后一句和最后一段的呼应，以及对全文的
整体理解可推知，本文主要讲述了科学家们对普通感冒的研究，结果发现目前并
没有有效的治疗方法。]
C (2019·湘东六校联考)
It is widely believed that smiling means a person is happy，and it usually occurs
when they're meeting another person or a group of people.However，a new study led by the body language expert Dr Harry Witchel shows this isn't always the case.
In his research，he asked 44 participants aged 18—35 to play a geography quiz
game consisting of nine difficult questions so that they often got the answer
wrong.Participants seated interacted with a computer alone in a room while their faces
were video recorded.
After the quiz，the participants were asked to rate their experience using a range of
12 emotions including‘bored’，‘interested’and ‘frustrated’．Meanwhile，their
facial expressions were then computer analysed frame by frame in order to judge how
much they were smiling based on a scale of between 0 to 1.
Dr Witchel said：“According to some researchers，a real smile reflects the inner
state of cheerfulness or amusement.However，behavioural ecology theory suggests that
all smiles are tools used in social interactions，meaning cheerfulness is neither necessary
nor rich for smiling.Our study showed that in these humancomputer interaction
experiments ， smiling isn't driven by happiness ； it is associated with subjective
involvement(主观参与)，which acts like a social fuel for smiling，even when socialising
with a computer on your own.”
Surprisingly，participants didn't tend to smile during the period when they were
trying to figure out the answers.However，they did smile right after the computer game
informed them if their answer was correct or wrong.Participants smiled more often
when they got the answer wrong.Dr Witched added ： “During these computerised
quizzes，smiling was greatly increased just after answering questions incorrectly.This
behaviour could be explained by selfratings of involvement，rather than by ratings of
happiness or frustration.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。人们普遍认为微笑意味着一个人是快乐
的，但是研究表明，微笑仅是社交的需要，并不能表明这个人一定是快乐的。
9．Why did Dr Witchel use difficult questions in the quiz game?
A．To make it hard for participants to answer them correctly.
B．To make the answer period last as long as possible.
C．To discover the most intelligent participants.
D．To create a stressful situation for participants deliberately.
A [考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句可知，他设计的问题很难，是为了让参加试验的人得出错误的答案；据此可知，设计难题的目的是让参与者难以答对
题目，故 A 项正确。]
10．What can we infer from what Dr Witchel said in Paragraph 4?
A．Other researchers' opinion of a real smile is quite right.
B．Smiles aren't necessarily useful tools in social interactions.
C．Subjective involvement doesn't motivate smiling in social interactions.
D．Witchel's study finding is consistent with behavioural ecology theory.
D [考查推理判断。根据第四段尾句可知，试验结果表明：微笑不是由快乐
驱动的；它与主观参与有关；结合第四段第二句可知，行为生态学理论认为，所
有的微笑都是社会交往中使用的工具，这意味着快乐对微笑来说既不是必要的，
也不是丰富的。据此可以推断，研究的结果与行为生态学理论一致，故 D 项正
确。]
11．What do we know about the text?
A．Participants were asked to interact with each other in the quiz.
B．Participants in the quiz smiled less often when they got the answer wrong.
C．In Dr Witchel's opinion，smiling is connected with subjective involvement.
D．Dr Witchel thinks that a real smile reflects the inner state of cheerfulness.
C [考查细节理解。根据第四段尾句可知，Witchel 博士认为，微笑不是由快
乐驱动的，它与主观参与有关。故 C 项正确。]
12．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．What Contributes to Real Happiness?
B．How to Identify Whether a Person Is Really Happy?
C．Smiling Doesn't Necessarily Mean Happiness
D．People Generally Hold a Wrong View on Happiness
C [考查标题判断。通读全文，并结合文章第一段第二句可推知，文章陈述
了这样的事实：微笑仅是社交的需要，并不表明这个人一定快乐。故 C 项最适合
作本文的标题。]
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