2020新课标高考英语二轮专题限时集训10词义猜测之推测单词、短语、句子的含义（Word版附解析）

专题限时集训(十)　词义猜测之推测单词、短 语、句子的含义 A (2019·长沙四校模拟) Josh Morrison，17，dreamed of raising $100，000 to build a home for a low­income family.After years of hard work，his dream has come true.The house is now in the early stages of building. Six years ago，Josh and his dad went into a Habitat for Humanity Restore，a home improvement store and donation center run by the nonprofit organization.They were there to buy a sink.Josh，then 11，also noticed a collection of pernnies.“I instantly felt the urge to help out with that，”he said.Josh set a fundraising(筹款) deadline of four years.Many people doubted whether he could reach his goal of $100，000，but it didn't shake his faith.He raised money at his school and other nearby schools.He collected money from neighbors，got publicity from local newspapers，and placed cans in stores so that people could donate extra change. Josh's fundraising efforts began to produce results.Still，there were challenges.Four months before his deadline，he was $30，000 short.He decided to hold a Family Fun Fair and Spaghetti Dinner in Uxbridge，which is in the province of Ontario.The event raised $19，000. “I didn't care how long it took me，”Josh said.“I would raise $100，000.”With three weeks left，a company called Josh's house，offering to donate $18，000.Eventually， Josh reached a total of $124，000 before his deadline.“The momentum just kept going， and we decided to do more，”he said.“Josh's Penny House” is being built by Habitat for Humanity in the city of Oshawa，along with 24 new townhouses.Josh has helped with some of the construction，as have other volunteers.He will choose the family that moves into the unit. Next year，the 17­year­old will head to college in British Columbia，Canada's westernmost province.As a 11­year­old kid when starting fundraising，Josh was able to send a powerful message across the world.No matter how old you are，if you have a dream and are willing to do anything to achieve it，it can come true.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。一个 11 岁的少年因一次偶然的经历决定 为低收入家庭募捐建房，经过数年的不懈努力，实现了这一梦想。 1．Which word can best describe Josh Morrison in Paragraph 2? A．Straightforward. B．Open­minded. C．Determined. D．Cautious. C　[考查推理判断。结合文中对 Josh Morrison 筹款过程的描述以及第二段中 的 Many people doubted whether he could reach his goal of $100, 000, but it didn't shake his faith.可知，尽管很多人怀疑他是不是能在四年中完成这件事，但是他信 念坚定。由此可见他是“意志坚定的”。] 2．Why was the Family Fun Fair and Spaghetti Dinner event in Uxbridge held? A．To call for more attention. B．To attain his goal. C．To win approval from the locals. D．To find sponsors for a family. B　[考查细节理解。根据第二段中的 his goal of $100, 000 和第三段的内容可 知，在截止日期前的四个月，离他的筹款目标还差 30, 000 美元，于是他决定举办 这个活动来达到目标。] 3．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean? A．His project became more popular. B．He received continuous donations. C．The result was beyond expectations. D．He got more support from the company. B　[考查句意理解。根据下文中的 we decided to do more 以及后面的句子 “John's Penny house...24 new townhouses.”可知，捐款势头一直保持下去，他收到了 比最初目标多的钱，于是打算做更多，他帮助建造 Josh's Penny House 以及 24 所新 住宅来帮助需要的人，所以画线处应意为“他继续收到捐款”。] 4．What will be the best title of the text? A．An Astonishing Fundraiser B．A Boy with a Warm Heart C．Kindness from a CompanyD．The Penny House Dream D　[考查标题判断。文章主要讲述了一个 11 岁的少年经过几年不懈的努力， 实现为低收入家庭募捐建房的梦想的经历。本文提到的 Josh's Penny House 是解题 的暗示。钱是 Josh 一分分筹来的，因此本文最佳标题是 D。] B (2019·石家庄市质检) While visiting the North Pole in winter may not be at the top of your bucket list， the ever­changing ICEHOTEL，which opened its doors to visitors on December 14 this year，may change your mind.200 km north of the Aretic Cirele in the Swedish village of Jukkasjärvi，the hotel，which is carved entirely from ice，is rebuilt annually. The 35 rooms，built to accommodate visitors on all kinds of budgets，vary from expensive suites to basic rooms that are furnished with just an icy bed and a reindeer skin.Among the highlights this year is the “ Spruce Woods ” suite.Sculpted by Christopher Pascoe and Jennie O'Keefe of Canada ， it describes a camping scene complete with a classic microbus，a forest，and even an artificial campfire. There is also the artfully­carved“Living Ocean” suite to remind visitors of the importance of saving our oceans.The room is full of carved sea life that includes coral and a shark “swimming”right over the ice bed.“The suite is inspired by global warming and the overfishing that affects our oceans，”says artist Jonathan Paul Green. “I also think the idea of using frozen water from a river in northern Sweden to create an ocean with shells，fish，and coral is exciting.” The nearby “Haven” suite is a “magical gate of ice” guarded by two large animals. “ We are inspired by the meeting between people and want to create an experience that stimulates curiosity and creativity，”says artist Jonas Johansson.“It feels like a dream to get to work with ice that allows our love for light，shine，and reflection to wander freely from thought to creation.” Regardless of whether visitors select the carved suites or the basic ice rooms，the temperature is always set to a bone­chilling －5℃！That is why guests are advised to snuggle(蜷伏) up inside sleeping bags and wear gloves and winter hats all night.Not surprisingly，most end up spending just a single night at this unique hotel before moving on to the conventional and warmer hotels nearby.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了北极圈的一家用冰建成的旅 馆。 5．What does the underlined phrase“bucket list” mean in the text? A．A shopping list of buckets. B．A list of travelling destinations. C．A list of expensive hotels. D．A list of exciting ideas. B　[考查词义猜测。根据第一段第一句可知，虽然冬天去北极旅游可能不是 你的首选，但这家不断变化的冰旅馆可能会改变你的想法；该旅馆于今年 12 月 14 日向游客开放。由该句中的 visiting the North Pole; the ever­changing ICEHOTEL; visitors，并结合语境可推知，画线词意为“旅游目的地的列表”，故 B 项正确。] 6．What can we know about the icehotel? A．It is rebuilt every year. B．Its rooms are expensive. C．It organizes camping activities. D．It lies in a coastal city. A　[考查细节理解。根据第一段第二句可知，这家完全由冰雕刻而成的宾馆 每年都会重建，故 A 项正确。] 7．Where does the inspiration of “Living Ocean” suite come from? A．Art and literature. B．Ocean life and voyages. C．Climate change and human influence. D．The meeting of people. C　[考查细节理解。根据第三段第三句可知，这间套房的灵感来自全球变暖 和影响海洋的过度捕捞，故 C 项正确。] 8．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．An Adventure to the North Pole B．An Experience Chose to Nature C．A Taste of Cold；A Night in a Village D．A Winter Destination：Sweden's IcehotelD　[考查标题判断。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段第二句可知，本文主要介 绍了冬季旅游的好去处：瑞典冰旅馆，故 D 项最适合作本文标题。] C (2019·山西省六校测试) Sleeping in a noisy room isn't only distracting(使人分心的)，and it can also harm your health.Although researchers have known for decades that long­term loud noises can harm us，it's only recently become recognized as a widespread issue. In a new review of previously published studies，researchers from Germany and Denmark took a look at the ways in which noises，such as an airplane passing by or jackhammer digging in the ground ， can affect our hearts.Perhaps the most obvious impact of a loud sound while you are sleeping is that it can wake you up.But，even if you don't remember hearing the noise or you don't physically get out of bed，it can disrupt you in ways you may not realize. “Noise is not just causing annoyance，but it actually makes us sick，”said Dr Thomas Münzel，a professor at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz.“Regardless of where the sound is coming from，if it gets louder than 60 decibels(分贝)，it can increase the risk of heart disease.” When our body hears these noises，it reacts with a stress reaction.In this case，these sudden and unexpected noises cause hormones( 荷 尔 蒙 ) to speed up and eventually damage the heart.Although the chance that a single noise will affect you is unlikely，it's the constant exposure to the sound that can eventually affect you. “But our heart health isn't the only cause for concern.Long­term noise may also raise the risk of type 2 diabetes，depression，and anxiety disorders，”he warns.In the future，Münzel plans to examine how noises from cars，planes，and other vehicles affect the brain.But despite the amount or the depth of research he conducts，it'll take the help of politicians to improve the impact of noise on our health. “Politicians have to take into account，in particular，the new findings，”Münzel said.“With respect to aircraft noise and airports，it is important to make new laws and set new lower noise limits that protect people living close by the airport instead of the owners of the airport.” 【语篇解读】　本文讲述了德国和丹麦的研究人员研究噪声对人们健康产生的影响，呼吁政治家们关注噪声污染并采取措施解决噪声污染。 9．What do researchers from Germany and Denmark find? A．Noise does little harm to people who are asleep. B．Noise can cause people's memory to get worse sharply. C．Noise has been a widespread concern for a long time. D．Noise louder than 60 decibels may cause heart disease. D 　 [ 考 查 细 节 理 解 。 根 据 第 三 段 最 后 一 句 中 的 if it gets louder than 60 decibels(分贝), it can increase the risk of heart disease 可知，答案为 D。] 10．Which word can replace the underlined word“disrupt” in Paragraph 2? A．Defeat.　　　　 B．Harm. C．Affect. D．Discourage. B　[考查词义猜测。根据第二段中最后一句可知，即使你忘记曾听到这样的 噪声或者你并没有起床，噪声仍然以你察觉不到的方式对你造成伤害。故选 B 项。] 11．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs? A．Politicians should take action to handle noise pollution. B．Münzel will continue other studies on brain diseases. C．Benefits of airport owners are more important than health. D．Attention should be paid to heart health and other diseases. A　[考查推理判断。根据最后一段内容可知，政治家们必须考虑到这些调查 结果。至于飞机噪声和机场，重要的是制定新的法规和更低噪声的限度来保护机 场附近的居民而不是保护机场所有者的利益。故答案为 A 项。] 12．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Who Is to Blame for Noise Pollution B．What Should Be Done to Stop Noise C．How Münzel Carried Out His Research D．How Noise Pollution Harms Our Body D　[考查标题判断。本文着重讲述了德国和丹麦的研究人员对于噪声如何影 响人们的心脏进行了研究。听见噪声的时候，我们的身体会产生应激反应。在这 种情况下，出乎意料的噪声会导致荷尔蒙分泌加快，最终损害心脏。故答案为 D项。A、B、C 项都是属于文中的细节内容，不能概括全文的中心思想。]