2020新课标高考英语二轮专题限时集训11词义猜测之代词指代（Word版附解析）

专题限时集训(十一)　词义猜测之代词指代 A (2019·绵阳市诊断性考试) When I was a kid，I was the girl who kept the training wheels on my bike as long as possible.Even my younger sister had got rid of them much earlier than me.But as I began to grow older，this changed. All this happened on the Bike Safety Day.It is supposed to be a fun day at school when all of us kids bring our bikes to school and the school provides us with the opportunity to ride outside and learn proper bike safety.Sounds like fun，right？No.In fact，it caused me to panic.What was I going to say when my friends asked me about my training wheels? With the pressure of everyone seeing my training wheels，I determined to let them go.This was the first big change I'd ever made on my own. I went to my parents and told them all about my dilemma.They were more than happy to help.We went outside and got my bike.Instead of running away and hiding behind，I stood in front of my bike and took great pride in my decision as my dad removed the training wheels. I got on and steadied myself.My heart raced but my feet and hands were calm.My dad started to push before my feet even moved and suddenly I was off.The fear faded away and a relaxed mind came into its place.It was crazy to think how quickly I learned something that took so long for me to even try! My confidence soared(高涨)．This was going to be the start of a brand new world for me.My accomplishment would carry me forth to new goals and wins.I realized that if I set my mind on doing something，I could achieve it. 【语篇解读】　本文讲述了作者小时候迟迟不敢去掉自行车的稳定轮，在学 校“自行车安全日”来临之前因为害怕同学看见她的稳定轮而最终下决心去掉它 们。 1．What does the school expect the students to do on Bike Safety Day? A．Have their bikes checked. B．Ride outside for fun. C．Acquire bike safety skills.D．Remove the training wheels. C　[考查细节理解。根据第二段中的 the school provides us with the opportunity to ride outside and learn proper bike safety 可知，学校想让学生在“自行车安全日” 学会一些自行车安全技能，故选 C 项。] 2．What does the underlined word“them” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．The author's friends. B．The author's parents. C．The safety problems. D．The training wheels. D　[考查词义猜测。根据语境及画线词所在句的前半部分 With the pressure of everyone seeing my training wheels 可知，作者迫于害怕别人看见自己的自行车稳定 轮的压力才决心去掉它们，故画线词指的就是“稳定轮”，故选 D 项。] 3．What happened when the author finally rode without the training wheels? A．She felt extremely embarrassed. B．Everything turned out to be easy. C．She ended up falling down. D．Her sisters followed her example. B　[考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，长时间不敢尝试的东西， 作者竟学得很快，由此可推知只要努力尝试，就没有解决不了的难事，故选 B 项。] 4．What does the author think is necessary for her to achieve a goal? A．Patience. B．Determination. C．Pressure. D．Concentration. B　[考查推理判断。根据最后一段最后一句可知，作者意识到如果自己下定 决心做一件事的话，自己就会做到。由此可推知，作者认为对于她来说实现一个 目标的关键在于决心，故选 B 项。] B (2019·广州市综合测试) In 1874 ， Francis Galton ， a British professor ， analysed to sample of English scientists and found the vast majority to be firstborn sons.This led him to theories that firstborn children enjoyed a special level of attention from their parents that allowed them to advance intellectually.Half a century later Alfred Adler ， an Austrian psychologist ，made a similar argument relating to personality.Firstborn children ，he suggested ， were more diligent ， while the later ­ born were more outgoing and emotionally stable.Many subsequent studies have explored these ideas ， but their findings have been varied—some supporting and some rejecting the original conclusions. The main problem with the previous studies is that they were too small—often limited to a few dozen individuals.This would be true even if the statistical methods needed to analyse the data were simple ， but they are not.Distinguishing birth order effects from those caused by family size matters，meaning still bigger samples must be analysed to obtain meaningful results. To overcome the limitation of these earlier studies ， German social scientist Dr Helmet Schmukle and his colleagues analysed three huge sets of date from America， Britain and Germany.These data sets，though collected for other purposes，included personality and intelligence tests on 20，186 people at different stages of their lives.The American tests were on individuals aged between 29 and 35.The British tests were conducted on 50­year­olds.The German tests ran the whole span of adult life，from 18 to 98. Birth order，they found，had no effect on personality：firstborn children were no more，nor less，likely than their younger siblings to be hard­working，outgoing or anxious.But it did affect intelligence.In a family with two children，the first child was more intelligent than the second 60% of the time，rather than the 50% that would be expected by chance.On average，this translated to a difference of 1.5 IQ points between first and second siblings.That figure agrees with previous studies ， and thus looks confirmed. It is，nevertheless，quite a small difference—and whether it is enough to account for Galton's original observation is unclear.In any event ， it is certainly not deterministic.Galton was the youngest of nine. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。英国教授曾经提出，老大由于受到父母 特殊的关注，智商比老二高，奥地利心理学家阿尔弗雷德·阿德勒在半个世纪后也 提出相似的观点。但是，德国社会科学家 Helmet Schmukle 博士经过新的研究发现，出生顺序对性格没有影响，但是确实会影响孩子的智力。 5．Alfred Adler concluded that firstborn children were ． A．more stable B．more sociable C．more intelligent D．more hard­working D　[考查细节理解。根据第一段第四句可知，奥地利心理学家阿尔弗雷德·阿 德勒认为，头胎的孩子更勤奋，而晚出生的孩子更外向，情绪更稳定。故 D 项正 确。] 6．What does the underlined“they” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The data. B．The analyses. C．The previous studies. D．The statistical methods. D　[考查代词指代。根据第二段第二句可知，分析数据所需的统计方法很简 单，但事实并非如此。据此可推知，该句中的 they 指代句中的 statistical methods， 故 D 项正确。] 7．Why was Schmukle's study considered superior to previous research? A．It involved a wider age range. B．It had a much larger sample size. C．It included a larger number of countries. D．It was conducted over a longer period of time. B　[考查细节理解。根据第三段前两句可知，为了克服这些早期研究的局限 性，德国社会科学家 Helmet Schmukle 博士和他的同事分析了来自美国、英国和德 国的三大数据集，这些数据对不同生活阶段的 20 186 人进行了性格和智力测试。 据此可知，Helmet Schmukle 博士研究的先进之处是研究的样例较多，故 B 项 正确。] 8．Why does the author mention Galton's family background in the last paragraph? A．To confirm Galton's difficult upbringing. B．To suggest Galton's theory may not be correct.C．To compare his experience with Galton's parents. D．To explain why Galton was interested in birth order. B　[考查写作意图。根据第一段前两句可知，Galton 教授的结论是，由于得 到父母特殊的关注，第一个出生的孩子智商较高；根据尾段可知，这种结论是否 能充分解释 Galton 最初的观察结果是不确定的，Galton 是家中最小的孩子，而他 是一名教授。据此可推知，尾段提出 Galton 的家庭背景旨在说明 Galton 的理论可 能是错误的，故 B 项正确。] C (2019·洛阳市统一考试) There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think.On an individual level，we grow up eating the food of our culture.It becomes a part of who we are.Many associate food from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it ties us to our families，holding a special and personal value for us.Food from our family often becomes the comfort food we seek as adults in times of frustration and stress. On a large scale，traditional food is an important part of culture.It also operates as an expression of culture identity.Immigrants bring it wherever they go ， and it is a symbol of pride for their culture and means of coping with homesickness. Many immigrants open their own restaurants and serve traditional dishes.However， the food does not remain exactly the same.Some materials needed to make traditional dishes may not be readily available，so the taste and flavor can be different from what they would prepare in their home countries.Additionally，immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them ， but to people from different countries.Therefore，they have to make small changes about the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers.Those changes can create new flavors that still keep the cultural significance of the dishes. We should embrace our heritage(传统) through our culture's food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food.It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs，and is special to those who prepare it.Food is a window into culture，and it should be treated as such. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨了食物和文化之间的联系。 9．What's the function of food mentioned in the text?A．To help motivate homesickness. B．To show national identity. C．To reflect a country's history. D．To show a community's superiority. B　[考查细节理解。根据第一段的内容，尤其是第二、三句，再根据第二段 的内容，尤其是第二句可知，文章中提到的食物的作用是显示国家身份。] 10．What does the underlined“it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The specific traditional food. B．The national culture. C．A traditional expression of food. D．The old­fashioned taste. A　[考查词义猜测。通读第二段可知，传统食物是文化的一个重要部分，它 显示了文化身份，移民不管去哪里都带着它，它象征着对自己文化的骄傲，也是 处理乡愁的方法。由此可推知，it 指代传统食物。] 11．Why do some immigrants have to change the original dishes in their restaurant? A．To attach cultural importance to their dishes. B．To announce the beginning of their life on foreign soil. C．To make the dishes popular among customers. D．To present their own food culture in a new way. C　[考查细节理解。根据第三段的内容，尤其是第四、五句可知。移民不仅 把菜肴卖给来自相同国家的人，而且卖给不同国家的人。为了使菜肴受到顾客的 欢迎，一些移民不得不改变传统的菜肴。] 12．What's the author's attitude towards different food cultures? A．Negative.　 B．Balanced. C．Unfair. D．Unchangeable. B　[考查观点态度。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是第一句可知，我们应该通 过我们文化的食物来接受我们的传统，但也应该通过尝试其他文化的食物来了解 更多文化。由此可推知，作者对不同的食物文化持客观公正的态度。]