2010-2019十年高考英语真题分类汇编08情态动词与虚拟语气（附解析Word版）

十年高考真题分类汇编（2010-2019）英语 专题 08 情态动词与虚拟语气 (2010﹒安徽﹒T32)Jack described his father, who _______a brave boy many years ago, as a strong– willed man A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been 【答案】D 【解析】句意为 “杰克把他的父亲描述为一个意志坚强的人, 他的父亲多年前肯 定很勇敢。”用 must have been 表示对过去事情的肯定推测。 (2010﹒安徽﹒T26)Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he-_______ A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy. D. will be busy 【答案】A 【解析】前句表示对过去的虚拟, 而 but 之后表示过去的客观事实, 故用一般过 去时态。 (2010﹒湖南﹒T23)You buy a gift, but you can if you want to. A. must B. mustn’t C. have to D. don’t have to 【答案】D 【解析】don’t have to 意为 “没有必要”, 符合语境, 句意为：“你没有必要买礼物, 但如果你想买的话, 你也可以买。” (2010﹒湖南﹒T29)If he my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job. A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow 【答案】C 【解析】根据 “wouldn’t have lost”可判断 if 引导的状语从句表示与过去事实相反 的虚拟, 故选 C 项。 (2010﹒江西﹒T23)I have told you the truth. ______ I keep repeating it? A Must B Can C May D Will 【答案】A 【解析】must 必须, 一定 can 可以, 能够 may 也许 will 意愿, 倾向性动作, 前半句说我告诉你事实了, 这里用的是现在完成时, 表示过去的动作对现在造成 了影响, 既然我已经说了, 我还必须重复一遍吗？ (2010﹒ 山 东 ﹒T25)I_______ have watched that movie —it’ll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t 【答案】A 【解析】句意应为 “我本来不应该看那部电影的----它会使我做噩梦的。”表示 “本来不应该做而做了某事”用 shouldn’t have done, 所以 A 项正确。(2010﹒天津﹒T9)Mark have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early. A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. couldn’t 【答案】A 【解析】句意：迈克本来不必要那么忙的。这么高速驾驶之后, 他早半个小时到 达了。根据后面的语境, 提前半个小时到达, 说明 Mark 本来不必那么匆忙, 所以 用 needn’t have done 结构, 表示 “本来不必要做某事的而实际上做了”。 (2010﹒天津﹒T15)John went to the hospital alone. If he me about it, I would have gone with him. A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 【答案】D 【解析】句意：约翰独自去了医院。如果他告诉我的话, 我会跟他一起去的。前 一句是陈述语气, 说明动发生在过去, 而且后一句的主句已经是 would have gone 说明是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。与之对应的从句结构, 应该用 had +过去分 词。 (2010﹒四川﹒T3)— I take the book out? —I’m afraid not. A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need 【答案】B 【解析】表请求可用情态动词 can, may, could, might ,表允许用 can, may.句意为： “我可以将这本书带出去吗？” “恐怕不行”。故应选表情请求的情态动词 may。正 确答案为 B。 (2010﹒全国卷 I﹒T29)Just be patient .You ______ expect the world to change so soon . A. can’t B. needn’t C. may not D. whether 【答案】A 【解析】句意：耐心一点儿, 你不能期望世界变化如此快。通过选项此题考查情 态动词, can’t 在否定句中可以表示推测, 译为不可能,可以表示能力, 译为不能够, 也可以表示命令, 不允许, 但是语气比 mustn’t 弱, 具有劝慰的意思, 根据句意此 题中选择 A, can’t 表示劝慰。 (2010﹒江苏﹒T25)—I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month. —Don’t worry. You______ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. may w_ 【答案】B 【解析】shall 在第二人称中表示允诺, 还可以表示强制, 命令, 威胁, 警告。还 有在法律条文中的要求或规定。(2010﹒ 江苏﹒T34)George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he_______ more on its culture. A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused 【答案】B 【解析】would rather 后应用虚拟语气, 表示与现在时间相反, 用动词的过去式 (2010﹒陕西﹒T23)May I take this book out of the reading room? No, you . You read it in here. A. mightn’t B. won’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t 【答案】D 【解析】英语中用 could, might 表示询问或征求意见的问句中, 肯定性应答要用 can 或 may 来代替 could 或 might, 而 may 或 might 征求意见的问句否定应答时要用 mustn’t, 故本题选 D。 (2010﹒陕西﹒T15)If we ___ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken 【答案】B 【解析】所填词做虚拟语气中条件状语从句的谓语, 根据主句的谓语动词形式 might have arrived 可知题干是与过去事实相反, 故所填部分用 had+过去分词形式, 选 B。 (2010﹒全国卷 II﹒T17)I’m afraid Mr. Harding _________see you now. He’s busy. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D .needn’t 【答案】A 【解析】结合语境, 根据情态动词用于疑问或否定推测时, 要用 can’t。 (2010﹒湖北﹒T79)It’s said that they have swum to the island from the continent, but they ________（不可能做到）because the ocean in between is too wide. (do) 【答案】can’t/ couldn’t have done it 【解析】当要对过去进行肯定的推测时, 要用 “can’t/couldn’t+have+done”的结构 (2010﹒ 湖 北 ﹒T76)Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention ________ (讨论) at the meeting. (discuss) 【答案】(should) be discussed　　 【解析】“insist”引导的宾语从句要用虚拟, 从句结构是“should”（可省略）加动 词原形, 主语“problem” 是要 “被讨论”。 (2010﹒辽宁﹒T26)Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise. A. can B. will C. must D. may 【答案】C【解析】句意：医生说锻炼对身体重要, 但是必须是有规律的锻炼。Can 一般表 示 “可能, 或能力”；will 表示 “意志”；may 表示 “许可, 可能”；must 表示 “必 须”。 (2010﹒北京﹒T23)---Good morning. I’ve got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. --Ah, good morning. You be Mrs. Peters. A. might B. must C. would D. can 【答案】B 【解析】第一个说话人说和史密斯小姐有约, 那下面的人就回应说, "那您一定就 是 Mrs. Peters 了"因此排除 A, C, D (2010﹒北京﹒T34)--The weather has been very hot and dry. --Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables . A. wouldn't die B. didn't die C. hadn't died D. wouldn't have died 【答案】D 【解析】第二个说话人的 If 条件句是我们选择正确答案的关键。要是当时下雨 了, 现在的情况就好的多了！我的蔬菜也就不会死了。过去没有下雨, 所以我的 蔬菜干死了也是发生在过去。而将句子还原则为 If it had rained even a drop, my vegetables wouldn't have died. If+ had done, 主句为 couldn’t/ shouldn't/ wouldn't have done. (2010﹒ 浙 江 ﹒T10)Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy . A．would have been saved B．had been saved C．will be saved D．was saved 【答案】A 【解析】根据句子的倒装特征判断此处是省略了 if 的虚拟语气, 原形是：If I had known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .故选 择 A。句意为：如果我早知道这个电脑程序, 就可以节省大量的时间和精力了。 (2010﹒浙江﹒T17) “You ____ have a wrong number,” she said. “There’s no one of that name here.” A. need B. can C. must D. would 【答案】C 【解析】肯定的猜测, 用 must (2010﹒上海﹒T29)---Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday. ---Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline. A. must B. mustn't C. should D. shouldn't 【答案】C 【解析】此处表示和过去事实相反的情况, 应该用 should + have + 过去分词。本 来应该做, 而未做 (2010﹒重庆﹒T21)You park here! It’s an emergency exit. A. wouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t 【答案】D 【解析】由后面的 “这是一个紧急出口”可知, 这儿是禁止某人停车, 所以用 mustn’t 表示禁止某人做某事。符合语境。 (2011﹒全国卷﹒T32)They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. A.will B.can C.must D.should 【答案】D 【解析】句意为“他们本该午饭时到达，但他们的航班推迟了。”will have done 将 来可以完成；can have done 可能做过……吗？表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问 句；must have done 一定做过某事，表示对过去事情的肯定推测；should have done 本来应该做某事，而实际没做。but their flight was delayed 这样的结果，说明他 们本来该到达却没有到达，因此选 D。 (2011﹒全国卷 II﹒T8)If you smoke, please go outside. A. can B. should C. must D. may 【答案】C 【解析】句意为“如果你非得要抽烟，请到外面去抽。”must (表示主张)一定要， 坚持要。根据后一句 please go outside 的要求，选 C。 (2011﹒北京﹒T24)——I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him? ——Don’t worry. He come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were. A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not 【答案】D 【解析】句意为“——我真不喜欢 James。你为何请了他？——别担心。他可能 来不了。他说他的计划还没安排好。”题干中的 he wasn’t certain 说明他可能不来， 可能来，因此使用不完全否定 might not。选 D。 (2011﹒ 北 京 ﹒T28)——Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined. ——I wish they always late. A. weren’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been 【答案】A 【解析】句意为“——孩子们哪儿去了？这顿饭快要吃不起来了。——我但愿他 们不要老是迟到。”wish 引出虚拟语气，题干中出现 always，从句虚拟使用一般 过去时。选 A。 (2011﹒北京﹒T30)Maybe if I science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying 【答案】C【解析】句意为“或许当初我要是学了理科而不是文科，现在就能给你更多的帮 助。”then 表示过去的时间，if 引导的从句是对过去的虚拟，因此使用过去完成 时。选 C。 (2011﹒天津﹒T15)I ______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me. A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come 【答案】D 【解析】句意为“我本来可以早点来，但我真不知道他们在等我。”but I didn’t know 表示了 过去时间，因此前句是对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done 表达， 故选 D。 (2011﹒上海春招﹒T27) Some young people these days just ______ go out of their homes to contact the real world. A. mustn’t B. won’t C. mightn’t D. shouldn’t 【答案】B 【解析】句意为“现在一些年轻人就是不愿意走出家门接触真正的世界。”mustn’t 禁止，不允许；won’t 不愿意，就是不，偏不，具有主观性；mightn’t 可能不； shouldn’t 不应该。根据句意选 B。 (2011﹒江苏﹒T34)——I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. ——How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ______ it. A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen 【答案】B 【解析】句意为“——我把我的手提包落在火车上了。但幸运的是，有人拾到交 给了铁路部门。——失而复得，简直难以置信！我是说，本来可能有人会偷了 去。”will have done 将来可以完成，must have done 一定做过某事，表示对过去事 情的肯定推测，都与题意不符。should have done 本来应该做某事，而实际没做， 这就意味着希望有人偷包。might have stolen 过去可能做过，语气比较婉转或不 肯定，根据句意选 B。 (2011﹒福建﹒T25)——Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? ——I am afraid you , in case he comes late for the meeting . A.will B.must C.may D.can 【答案】B 【解析】句意为“——需要我现在就通知他计划有变吗？——恐怕你得这样做， 以防他开会迟到。”must (表示必要、命令或强制)必须,得。根据后半句，选 B。 (2011﹒福建﹒T34)——Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution. ——I it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. A.attended B.had attended C.would attend D.would have attended 【答案】D【解析】句意为“——真可惜你错过了那场有关核污染的讲座。——我本可以去 听的，但我当时忙于工作面试。”对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done 表达，故选 D。 (2011﹒安徽﹒T26)——What do you think of store shopping in the future? ——Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but _____. A. will never replace B. would never replace C. will never be replaced D. would never be replaced 【答案】C 【解析】句意为“——你对将来的商店购物怎么看？——我个人认为会与在家购 物并存，但商店购物不会被取代。”根据 I think it will exist along with home shopping，排除虚拟的选项 D，这是表示将来的时间，考虑到被动语态，选 C。 (2011﹒浙江﹒T11)——How’s your new babysitter? ——We ________ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much. A. should B. might C. mustn‘t D. couldn’t 【答案】D 【解析】句意为“——你的新保姆怎么样？——找不到更好的了。我们的孩子们 很喜欢她。”should 应该；might 可能，可以；mustn‘t 禁止；couldn’t 不可能。根 据句意选 D。 (2011﹒四川﹒T20)The police still haven’t found the lost child, but they’re doing all they . A.can B.may C.must D.should 【答案】A 【解析】句意为“警方依然没有找到失踪的孩子，但他们现在正在做他们所能做 的一切。”can 可以，能够；may 可能，许可；must 必须；should 应该。根据句 意，选 A。 (2011﹒重庆﹒T25)——Why didn’t you come to Simon’s party last night? —— I wanted to ,but my mom simply _________ not let me out so late at night. A. could B. might C. would D. should 【答案】C 【解析】句意为“——昨晚你为什么没来参加 Simon 的聚会？——我想来的，但 我妈妈就是不愿我这么晚出来。”could 可以，能够，表示可能性或用于婉转语气； might 可能，表示不确定；would 愿意，偏要，表示意志；should 应该，表示建 议、命令、决定等。根据题意选 C。 (2011﹒ 陕 西 ﹒T22)I __________through that bitter period without your generous help. A. couldn’t have gone B. didn’t go C. wouldn’t go D. hadn’t gone 【答案】A【解析】句意为“没有你的慷慨帮助，我是不可能度过那段痛苦的时期的。”that bitter period 表示过去的时间，对过去的虚拟语气用主语+should / would / could / might + have done 表达，故选 A。 (2011﹒陕西﹒T24)——Will you read me a story ,Mummy? ——OK. You ________have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. A. might B. must C. could D. shall 【答案】D 【解析】句意为“——妈妈，可以读一个故事给我听吗？——好的，如果你马上 上床睡觉的话。”shall 用于陈述句中的第二、第三人称时,表示说话人的意图、允 诺、警告、命令、决心等，题中是母亲对儿子的承诺，故选 D。 (2011﹒ 湖 南 ﹒T28)No one ________ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. A. can B. need C. must D. might 【答案】A 【解析】句意为“在打篮球方面没人能比得上姚明。”can 可以，能够；need 需要； must 必须；might 可能。故根据题意，选 A。 (2011﹒辽宁﹒T21)If you go, at least wait until the storm is over. A. can B. may C. must D. will 【答案】C 【解析】句意为“如果你非得走话，至少也要等到这暴风雨过去后。” can 可以，能够；may 可能，许可；must(表示主张)一定要，坚持要；will 将要， 愿意。根据后句的劝告，选 C。 (2011﹒江西﹒T23)It _______ be the postman at the door. It’s only six o’clock. A. mustn’t B.can’t C.won’t D.needn’t 【答案】B 【解析】句意为“不可能是邮递员在门口，才六点钟呢。”mustn’t 禁止，不允许； can’t 不可能；won’t 不愿意，就是不，偏不；needn’t 不需要。根据后一句中“现 在仅仅是六点”，only 一词肯定语气强烈，前一句为门外的绝不可能是邮递员。 故选 B。 (2011﹒ 江 西 ﹒T28)We _____John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. A.will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put 【答案】B 【解析】句意为“要不是因为他最近受伤，我们本应该把 John 的名字加进昨天的 比赛名单中。”but for 是虚拟语气的提示，yesterday 表示过去的时间。对过去的 虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done 表达，故选 B。 (2011﹒江西﹒T22)We have bought so much food now that Suzie won’t be with us for dinner.A．may not B．needn’t C．can’t D．mustn’t 【答案】B 【解析】may not 不可以，needn’t 不需要，can't 不可能， mustn't 绝不可能　 本句句意为：既然 Suzie 不和我们一起吃晚饭，所以我们就不需要买这么多食物。 (2012﹒湖南﹒T29)Sorry, I am too busy now. If I ____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. A. have had B. had had C. have D. had 【答案】D 【解析】从句中用一般过去时表现在的假设。动词的时态 条件状语从句中的虚 拟语气 一般过去式表对现在的假设 (2012﹒重庆﹒T25)-____you interrupt now? Can’t you see I’m on the phone? -Sorry Sir, but it’s urgent. A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would 【答案】 C 【解析】句意：“——你现在一定要打断我吗？难道你不能看到我在打电话吗？ ——对不起，先生，事情很急。”根据语境结合选项的词义，C 选项符合题意。 因此，正确答案为 C 选项。 (2012﹒辽宁﹒T24)One of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school. A. might B. could C. shall D. will 【答案】C 【解析】Shall 用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威 胁。这儿是说根据学校规定学生在校时都必须要穿校服。 (2012﹒四川﹒T9)I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao ” just as I ____ do in China. A. must B. might C. can D. should 【答案】 B 【解析】句意为：我靠他们足够的近以听见他们说汉语，而且我会像我在中国可 能做的那样说“你好”。might 表示“可能”。故选 B。 (2012﹒ 陕 西 ﹒T17)If may car _________more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer. A. was B. had been C. should be D. would be 【答案】B 【解析】根据主语的谓语动词可知题干是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句 谓语动词用 had done，选 B。 (2012﹒陕西﹒T23)I______ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.A. won’t B. can’t C. can D. will 【答案】B 【解析】所填情态动词与 too 构成固定句型 can’t/couldn’t …too…，意思是：再…… 都不为过，选 B。 (2012﹒北京﹒T33)We ______ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me? A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced 【答案】C 【解析】虚拟语气考点，对过去的虚拟，本能……。 (2012﹒北京﹒T35)Don’t handle the vase as if it ____ made of steel. A. is B. were C. has been D. had been 【答案】B 【解析】虚拟语气考点，对现在的虚拟用 were。 (2012﹒ 全 国 卷 II﹒T17)I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _______ find the money. A. can B. might C. would D. need 【答案】A 【解析】此处考查了 can 的本意“能”，表示“能力”。句意：我要和 John 一起去欧 洲度假，如果我能找到钱。 (2012﹒全国新课程﹒T30)I use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house. A. couldn't B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. needn't 【答案】D 【解析】此处考查情态动词，needn’t+动词原形表示：没有必要做某事。句意： 我没有必要用闹钟唤醒我，因为每天早上 6 点火车都经过我的房子。 (2012﹒山东﹒T30)If we _______ adequate preparations, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful. A. haven’t made B. wouldn’t make C. didn’t make D. hadn’t made 【答案】D 【解析】在虚拟条件句中，表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句用过去完成时，主 句用 would have done 的形式。句意：如果我们没有做好充分的准备，会议就不 会这样成功。 (2012﹒ 福 建 ﹒T31)We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we________ more places of interest yesterday. A. visited B. had visited C. would visit D. would have visited 【答案】D【解析】本题关键是从时间状语 yesterday 知道是对过去的虚拟，前半句是个过去的客观事 实“我们在那个小山村迷路”，otherwise 否则后半句是用对过去的虚拟 would have done，答 案为 D 项。对虚拟语气的做法主要是看时间状语或是看里面的关键词是对什么时间的虚拟， 这就很容易了。 (2012﹒江苏﹒T35)— Happy birthday! —Thank you! It’s the best present I for. A. should have wished B. must have wished C. may have wished D. could have wished 【答案】D 【解析】A 项意为“本应该期望而实际上并非如此”；B 项意为“一定希望”；C 项 意为“也许希望”；D 项意为“可能希望”。句意为：——生日快乐！——谢谢你！ 这是我所能期望的最好的礼物了。根据句意可知，应选 D 项。 (2012﹒江苏﹒T28)Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but say where he was. A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. wouldn't D. mightn't 【答案】C 【解析】mustn’t 意为“禁止”；shouldn’t 意为“不应该”；wouldn’t 意为“不愿意”； mightn’t 意为“或许不”。句意为：几天后，我哥哥打电话说他一切很好，但不愿 意说他在哪儿。根据句意可知，应选 C 项。 (2012﹒安徽﹒T31)Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she there, she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often. A. lives B. would live C. having asked D. Were to live 【答案】D 【解析】在表示将来的情况下，主句中第一人称可用 should，其他人称用 would；从句中任何人称都用 should,不可用 would. (2013﹒安徽﹒T28)I ______ to my cousin’s birthday party last night, but I was not available A. went B. had gone C. would go D. would have gone 【答案】D 【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。本题的解题关键是逗号之后的句子“but I was not available”，由此可以看出，昨晚的聚会我没有参加，所以空处是与过去事实相反 的动作，故正确答案是 would have gone。 (2013﹒北京﹒T34)If we ______ a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here in a queue. A. have booked B. booked C. book D. had booked 【答案】D。 【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。本句是一个包含了一个条件状语从句的复合句，从 主句的谓语动词 would be standing 可以推出，用的是虚拟语气，这样 ，if 就是一个虚拟条件句，“订餐”是发生在过去，故是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，句中 谓语 动词应该用 had done 的形式，因此锁定答案。 (2013﹒福建﹒T30)—Do you think George has passed the driving test? —No. If so , he _____his car to our college yesterday. A. would drive B. drove C. would have driven D. had driven 【答案】C。 【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。根据句中的 yesterday 可以判断出是与过去的事实 相反，所以主句用 would have done 结构。 (2013﹒江苏﹒T30)I should not have laughed if I ______ you were serious. A. thought B. would think C. had thought D. have thought 【答案】C。 【解析】本题考查非真实条件句的虚拟语气。根据主句中 should not have laughed 可知，本句所讲与过去事实相反。If 引导非真实条件句表示与过去事实相反时， 从句结构为 had done.。所以选 A。 (2013﹒ 陕 西 ﹒T12)My mom suggests that we ______ eat out for a change this weekend. A. should B. might C. could D. would 【答案】A。 【解析】本题考查名词性从句中的虚拟语气。本句是一个复合句，主句谓语动词 suggests,后跟宾语从句，谓语动词要用（should）do sth，故答案是 A。 (2013﹒天津﹒T14)If he had spent more time practicing English before, he ______ able to speak it much better now A. will be B. would be C has been D. would have been 【答案】B。 【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。本句是一个错综时间虚拟句。从句是对过去事实的 虚拟，谓语用 had done，而主句则是对现在（now）事实的一种假设，所以用 would do，所以 B 项符合句意。 (2013﹒浙江﹒T8)Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam _____ at the age of six months old. A. was B. be C. were D. is 【答案】B。 【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句中谓语动词 recommend 判断出后面的宾语从句 应该用(should) do sth。 (2013﹒ 重 庆 ﹒T29)— It rained cats and dogs this morning. I'm glad we took an umbrella. — Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we ______. A. hadn't B. haven't C. didn'tD. don't 【答案】A。【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。事实是带了伞，那么假设没带伞，就是与过去事实 相反的假设，所以从句部分要用 had/hadn’t done sth 的形式。 (2013﹒ 陕西 ﹒T21)The children ______ lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled. A. must have got B. must get C. should have got D. should get 【答案】A。 【解析】本题考查情态动词表示对过去情况的推测。从句子的后半部分看，谓语 动词用了 would have been，说明是与过去事实相反的，故前半句应该是对过去事 实的推测，应该用情态动词+ 完成式，排除选项 B，D；选项 C 虽然是对过去情 况的猜测，但意思是“本应迷路，但没迷路”，与句意不符，排除。 (2013﹒新课标卷 II﹒T6)Since nobody gave him any help, he ______ have done the research on his own. A. can B. must C. would D. need 【答案】B。 【解析】本题考查情态动词表示对过去情况的推测。由“没有人帮过”可以推断出 “一定是他自己做的”，而 must have done 的意思就是“一定做过某事”，表示对过 去发生的事情的推测。 (2013﹒江西﹒T29)When I was a child, I ______ watch TV whenever I wanted to. A. should B. couldC. must D. need 【答案】B。 【解析】考查情态动词。本题的解题关键在于从句 when I was a child；确定了整 个句子的时态为过去时；need 的过去式是 needed，因此选项 D 为错误；A 选项 should 与第一人称连用，表达有义务或有责任做某事，意为“应该，应当”；B 选 项 could 用在过去时中表示“可能性”或“能力”；C 选项 must 很少用于过去式，一 般在过去时态中经常用 had to 来代替。 (2013﹒辽宁﹒T31)Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He ______ too much at the party last night. A. could drink B. should drink C. would have D. must have drunk 【答案】D。 【解析】本题考查情态动词表示过去情况的推测。根据时间状语 last night 可知， 本句讲的是过去的事情，故先排除选项 A，B。would have done 是与过去事实相 反的虚拟语气的主句结构，must have done 表示对过去情况猜测，“肯定做 过……”。由句意理解，这里是表示猜测。故选 D。 (2013﹒四川﹒T5)—Why are your eyes so red? You _______ have slept well last night. —Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. won’t 【答案】A。【解析】本题考查情态动词表猜测。根据眼睛红推测没睡好觉，can’t/couldn’t have done 的意思是“过去不可能做过”， 正合题意，为正确答案；mustn’t have done 不存在，；needn’t have done 意思是“本没要做但做了”；won’t have done 意思 是“将不能完成”，均与句意不符，排除。 (2013﹒天津﹒T9)No one ______ be more generous; he has a heart of gold. A. couldB. must C. dare D. need 【答案】A。 【解析】本题考查情态动词。A 项 could 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态 度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中，而且本句中还包含了否定词+比较级表 达最高级的一种用法，表示他是最慷慨大方的；B 项 must 表示必须、必要或说 话人的主观看法；C 项 dare 用于否定句中表示敢于。D 项 need 用于疑问句、否 定句中表示有必要，需要。 (2013﹒安徽﹒T34)It ______ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words. A. may B. couldn’t C. should D. needn’t 【答案】B。 【解析】本题考查情态动词的推测意义。从后面的原因看，你的词汇量多，推断： 导致出现问题的原因不可能是词汇问题。can’t /couldn’t be 的意思是“不可能是”， 故为正确答案。 (2013﹒北京﹒T35)--- You needn’t take an umbrella. It isn’t going to rain. --- Well, I don’t know. It ______ do. A. might B. need C. would D. should 【答案】A。 【解析】本题考查情态动词的推测意义。本题的关键是“I don ’t know”，既然是 不清楚，那就是有可能，因此用 might； (2013﹒湖南﹒T32)He ________ sleep, although he tried to when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it. A．wouldn't B．shouldn't C．couldn't D．mustn't 【答案】C。 【解析】考查情态动词。从 although he tried to 可判断出，他试图想睡，但又睡 不着，wouldn’t 不愿意，shouldn’t 不该，mustn’t 含有禁止的意思，couldn’t 不 能，故选择 C。 (2013﹒新课标卷 I﹒T29)The door ________ open, no matter how hard she pushed. A. shouldn’t B. couldn’t C. wouldn’t D. mightn’t 【答案】C。 【解析】本题考查情态动词的用法。题干是《朗文当代英文词典》当中的一个例 句，用来说明 would not 的用法：即使某人努力让某事发生，某事就是不发生， 翻译成汉语有“偏不”的意思。这种用法是 would not 所独有的，故最佳答案是 C。 (2013﹒浙江﹒T3)I ______ myself more ---- it was a perfect day.A. shouldn’t have enjoyed B. needn’t have enjoyed C. wouldn’t have enjoyed D. couldn’t have enjoyed 【答案】D。 【解析】考查情态动词。must have done 表示对过去的推测，只用于肯定句，故 排除B；wouldn’t have done 表示虚拟或原不想做的事情却做了，needn’t have done 表示本不必做却做了某事，can’t / couldn’t …more 表示“再什么不过了，再也没 有比这更… 的”，从下文 it was a perfect day 可知“我玩得再开心不过了”， 故选 择 D。 (2013﹒重庆﹒T26)— What are you doing this Saturday? — I'm not sure, but I ______ go to the Rolling Stones concert A. must B. would C. should D. might 【答案】D。 【解析】本题考查情态动词。本题的关键词是 I’m not sure，既然不确定，那就 是不能说必须，将，应该，排除选项 A，B，C。 (2014﹒安徽﹒T30)People are recycling many things which they ________ away in the past! A．had thrown B．will be throwing C．were throwing D．would have thrown 【答案】D 【解析】根据 in the past 可知，说的是过去情况，对过去情况的推测或评说，应 使用“情态动词＋完成式”结构。句意：现在人们回收利用很多东西，而过去他们 会将这些扔掉。 故选 D。 (2014﹒北京﹒T27)________I have a word with you? It won't take long. A．Can B．Must C．Shall D．Should 【答案】A 【解析】根据上下文可知，说话人在请求听话人允许短时间内的一个交谈。can 表示“能不能”，故选 A。 (2014﹒北京﹒T34)We ________back in the hotel now if you didn't lose the map. A．are B．were C．will be D．would be 【答案】D 【解析】根据条件状语从句中 if we didn't lose the map 可知，主从句都是对现在 情况的假设，所以选 D。 (2014﹒全国大纲卷﹒T30)Although you ________ find bargains in London, it's not generally a cheap place to shop. A. should B. need C. must D. can 【答案】D【解析】句意：尽管你能在伦敦找到便宜货，但是它一般不是购物便宜的地方。 此处 can 意为“能”。根据句意选 D。 (2014﹒福建﹒T32)________no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. A．Were there B．Had there been C．If there are D．If there have been 【答案】A　 【解析】句意：要是没有现代化的通讯，我们将不得不等待若干个星期才能获得 来自世界各地的消息。“要是没有现代化的通讯”是对现在情况的一种假设，故从 句中使用一般过去时态，省略 if 后把 were 提到从句主语之前。故选择 A 项。 (2014﹒ 湖 南 ﹒T22)If Mr Dewey ________ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. A. were　　　　　　　B. had been C. should be D. was 【答案】B 【解析】句意：如果 Dewey 先生当时在场的话，他就会尽一切可能帮助那里的 人们。根据主句中的 would have offered 可知，这是对过去的虚拟，故条件句用 had done 形式。 (2014﹒湖南﹒T25)—I've prepared all kinds of food for the picnic. —Do you mean we ________ bring anything with us? A. can't B. mustn't C. shan't D. needn't 【答案】D 【解析】句意：“我已经为这次野炊准备了各种各样的食物。”“你的意思是说我 们不需要携带任何东西了？”此处 needn't 表示“没有必要”。 (2014﹒江苏﹒T31)It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, ________ bring me food. A．might B．would C．should D．could 【答案】C 【解析】句意：他们这么穷竟然还带食物给我，这使我很难过。should 表示“竟 然”，符合语境，故 C 项正确。might 可能；would 愿意；could 能够。 (2014﹒ 江 西 ﹒T30)Life is unpredictable; even the poorest ________ become the richest. A. shall B. must C.need D. might 【答案】D 【解析】句意：生活是不可预料的，甚至最穷的人可能变成最富有的人。根据 unpredictable 可知表示可能性，本题应该选择 might。(2014﹒陕西﹒T23)We would rather our daughter ________ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer. A. would stay B. has stayed C. stayed D. stay 【答案】C 【解析】would rather 后跟宾语从句时，从句谓语动词用过去式表示动作发生在 现在或将来，用“had＋过去分词”表示动作发生在过去。根据后一句中的 is 可知 此处动词用过去式，故选 C。 (2014﹒四川﹒T6)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ________ take me to Disneyland at weekends. A. might B. must C. would D. should 【答案】C 【解析】此处 would 表示过去习惯性的动作，意为“过去常常”。句意：我仍旧记 得我快乐的童年，那时我的母亲常在周末带我去迪士尼乐园。 (2014﹒天津﹒T15)________ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting. A. Did he catch B. Should he catch C. Has he caught D. Had he caught 【答案】D　 【解析】句意：如果他赶上了早晨的火车，他开会就不会迟到了。根据题干中的 后半句“…he would not have been late for the meeting.”可知，这是一个与过去事实 相反的虚拟语气，因此前面的从句中需用过去完成时 had done。在 if 引导的虚拟 语气中，当句中有 were, should, had 时，可将 if 省去，并把 were, should, had 提 到主语的前面构成部分倒装，故 D 项正确。 (2014﹒浙江﹒T16)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they ________ to our help. A．would have come B．could come C．have come D．had come 【答案】A 【解析】句意：当我们在做调查的那几个月里，他们一直在国外，否则的话他们 早就来帮我们了。从句中的关键题眼 or 可以知道，此处是虚拟语气，同时根据 前面的 they were abroad 可以知道，此处是对过去状况的虚拟，根据语法规则知， 句中谓语动词用“should/would/could/might ＋have done”结构，所以选 A 项。 (2014﹒重庆﹒T3)I've ordered some pizza, so we ________ worry about cooking when we get home tired. A. can't B. dare not C. needn't D. may not 【答案】C【解析】句意：我已经订了比萨，因此当我们很累地回到家时没有必要担心做饭 的事情。need 表示必要性；can 多表能力或推测；dare 表示胆量；may 则表示准 许或可能。 (2014﹒重庆﹒T13)It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I ________ it? A. had done B. have done C. did D. am doing 【答案】A　 【解析】as if 后的句子若表示与事实相反，须用虚拟语气。根据前一句中谓语动 词用一般过去时可知，as if 后的句子表示的是与过去事实相反的假设，用过去完 成时。故选 A。 (2015﹒北京﹒T29)—Can’t you stay a little longer? —It’s getting late. I really _____go now, My daughter is home alone. A .may B .can C . must D .dare 【答案】C 【解析】试题分析：句意：——你不能再多待会儿吗?——很晚了，我必须得走 了。我女儿一个人在家。A. may 可能，可以，也许；B. can 能，会；C. must 必 须，必然要，必定会；D. dare 敢，胆敢。结合句意，故选 C。 (2015﹒北京﹒T34) If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it. A . didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen 【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我不会相信。根据后半句 wouldn’t have believed 可以判断是对过去的虚拟。所以从句是 if+主语+ had+done 的形式。故选 D。 (2015﹒ 重 庆 ﹒T7)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. A. didn’t write B. hadn’t written C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written 【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说 永别了武器。根据 without his wartime experience 没有战时的经历，可知表示对于 过去的否定猜测，故主句用 would have done，因此选 D 项。 (2015﹒ 重 庆 ﹒T12)You ____ be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years. A. must B. can C. will D. shall 【答案】A 【解析】试题分析：句意：你肯定是卡罗，这些年你一点也没有变化。 must 表 示对现在的肯定推测。 故选 A。 (2015﹒浙江﹒T4)It was so noisy that we hear ourselves speak. A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D needn’t 【答案】A 【解析】试题分析:句意:太吵了,以致我们不能够听到我们在说什么? A 的意思是 不能，B 的意思是不应该，C 的意思是禁止，D 的意思是不需要。该题用到了一 个 so+形容词+that 的句式，做题时应该正确理解句意及这句式的用法。正确理解 这是表达不能还是表达其他的东西。must 只能用于肯定句，用于否定句表示禁 止，这一点尤其要注意因为往往会出错。如果表示一种可能往往是 can 的形式(过 去时态使用 could) (2015﹒天津﹒T7)I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. A. mightn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t 【答案】C 【解析】试题分析：句意：我来新学校之前本没有必要担心，因为在这里我的同 学对我非常友好。needn’t have done 本没有必要做某事，表示实际上已经做了某 事。根据句意可知选 C。 (2015﹒天津﹒T13)I wish I ______ at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then. A. will be B. would be C. have been D. had been 【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：句意：上个周二我本希望参加我姐姐的婚礼，但那时我在纽 约出差。本题考查 wish 引导的宾语从句，表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句用 had + 过去分词。根据句意可知选 D。 (2015﹒四川﹒T2)You _____be careful with the camera. It costs! A .must B. may C. can D. will 【答案】A 【解析】试题分析：考查情态动词。根据下文的 it costs 可知，照相机很昂贵， 故选择 A，意为：你一定要非常小心对待照相机，它很昂贵。 (2015﹒陕西﹒T21) You feel all the training a waste of time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it. A. should B. need C. shall D. may 【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：句意：你可能觉得所有的训练都是浪费时间，但是我有 100% 的把握你以后会感激它的。should 应该；need 需要；shall 将会；may（不确定） 可能。所以选 D。 (2015﹒陕西﹒T23)Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I as well as her. A. dance B. will dance C. had danced D. danced 【答案】C 【解析】试题分析：句意：Ellen 是一个很棒的舞蹈演员。但愿我能和她跳得一 样好。I wish“但愿”后面接宾语从句用虚拟语气，和现在相反用一般过去时，所 以选 C。 (2015﹒福建﹒T27)—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again. —Oh, it's too bad. You _______have made full preparations. A. must B. can C. would D. Should 【答案】D 【 解 析 】 试 题 分 析 : 考 查 情 态 动 词 +have done 结 构 。 A must 必 须 B.can 可 以; C.would 将会: D.should 应该。这里是情态+have done 的结构的虚拟语气，can+have+done' 表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“ 可能做过... .. 吗?";could+have+done , 表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有 做; must+have+done"表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一 -定做过某事 i ，该结 构只用于肯定句; should+have+done"意思是“本来应该做某事,而实际没做。该对 话意思为: -对不起，妈妈，我面试又失败---噢，那太糟糕了，你应该做好充分准 备的。故选 D (2015﹒江苏﹒T28)It might have saved me some trouble ______ the schedule. A. did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I known 【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：句意：如果我早知道日程安排，可能会省去我一些麻烦。根 据题干中 might have saved 可知主句是对过去的虚拟，从句应用 if I had known 与 主句保持一致。if 虚拟条件句中含有 had 时，可将 if 省去，同时将 had 提前构成 倒装结构。故选 D 项。虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词 形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间, 一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语 气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。另外，当 if 条件句中含有助动词 had，should 或 were 时, 可以省略 if，而将 had, should 或 were 提到句首，从 而构成倒装虚拟条件句。 (2015﹒安徽﹒T32)It is lucky we booked a room, or we ______nowhere to stay now. A. had B. had had C. would have D. would have had 【答案】C 【解析】试题分析：句意：我们很幸运地订到了房间，否则的话，我们现在就会无处可去了。 or 引导含蓄虚拟条件句，or 后面是主句，相当于 if we hadn’t booked a room, we would have nowhere to stay now.，根据“now”可知，是对现在进行虚拟，因此用 would+动词原形，故选 C。 (2016﹒江苏﹒T27)If it for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now. A. had not been B. should not be C.were not to beD.should not have been 【答案】A 【解析】试题分析：考查虚拟语气。本句属于错综条件句的虚拟语气。if 从句表示与过去 事实相反，所以使用过去完成时，主句表示与现在事实相反，所以使用“情态动 词+动词原形”。句意：如果不是因为前几天他的邀请，我现在就不会在这里了。 故 A 正确。 (2016﹒天津﹒T5)It was really annoying; I _____ get access to the data bank you had recommended. A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句意：这真是令人生气的；我不能进入你推荐的数据库。wouldn’t 不 愿意；couldn’t 不能；shouldn’t 不应该；needn’t 不必。故选 B。 (2016﹒浙江﹒T17) George _________ too far . His coffee is still warm . A. must have gone B. might have gone C. can't have gone D. needn't have gone 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：乔治不可能走得太远了。他的咖啡仍然是温的。can’t have done 是对 过去的否定推测；must have done 过去一定做了某事；might have done 过去 可能做了某事；needn’t have done 过去本不必做某事。故选 C。 (2017﹒北京﹒T21)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on the top shelf. A. must B. should C. can D. need 【答案】C 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：Samuel，我们班最高的男生，能很轻松地够着书 架顶上的书。表示能力，用 can。 (2017﹒北京﹒T34)If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened. A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put【答案】A (2017﹒江苏﹒T22) _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty. A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it 【答案】B (2017﹒天津﹒T2)My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning. A. daren’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫，我可以明 天早晨再打扫。A. 不敢；B. 不应该；C. 不需要；D. 禁止。根据句意，故选 C。 (2017﹒天津﹒T15)—Do you have Betty’s phone number? —Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday. A. hadn’t been B. wouldn’t have been C. weren’t D. wouldn’t be 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句意：——你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？——有。否则我昨天就联系不到 她了。此处 otherwise(否则)相当于一个条件状语从句，由 yesterday 可知本句对 过去进行虚拟，由此可以判断出主句用 wouldn’t have done，故选 B。(2018﹒江苏﹒T24)It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission. A. would B. should C. could D. might 【答案】B (2018﹒江苏﹒T27)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to become more involved. A. had B. will have C. would have had D. have had 【答案】A 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再 有机会去更多的参与。本题考查 wish 引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的 愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故选 A。 (2018﹒天津﹒T10)I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure. A. should leave B. must have left C. might leave D. could have left 【答案】D (2018﹒天津﹒T15)If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach A. had caught B. caughtC. have caught D. would catch 【答案】A 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩 享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语 yesterday 可知，从句表示与过去事实相反， 故用 had + v-ed。故选 A。 (2018﹒北京﹒T12) In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company. A. need B. should C. can D. must 【答案】C (2018﹒北京﹒T13)They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers. A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven 【答案】D 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个 更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的 虚拟。if ____ a few more kilometers 是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句 部分要用过去完成时态，故 D 选项正确。 (2019﹒江苏﹒T31)What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together. A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had 【答案】C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过 一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结 构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成 时+其他，故选 C。 (2019﹒天津﹒T14)The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time. A. accomplished B. had accomplished C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished 【答案】D 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能 完成任务。根据上句 the workers were not better organized 可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与 过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语 +should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选 D。