2010-2019十年高考英语真题分类汇编21社会生活、说理议论类阅读理解（附解析Word版）

十年高考真题分类汇编（2010-2019） 英语 专题 21 社会生活、说理议论类阅读理解 (2010﹒安徽﹒阅读理解 E) The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the word’s supply of water.With 97% of the word’s water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture,the wordwide supply of water needs carefull management，especially in agriculture .Although the idea of a water shortage(短缺) seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country,many of the word’s agriculture industries experience constant water shortages. Although dams can be built to store water for agriculture use in dry areas and dry seasons,the costs of water redistribution(重新分配) are very high.Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself,but there is also an envitonmental cost to be considered.Where valleys(山谷) are flooded to create dams,houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed.Besides,water may flow easily through pipes to fields,but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other.Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to suply its farming requirements. This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation(灌 溉 ).In Texas,farmers’ overuse of irrigation water has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores.In the Central Vally area of southwestern USA,a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys,but much of the water use has been poorly managed. 73.Saudi Arabia’s attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves.Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reseWhich of the folloeing is true? A.The water stores in Texas have been reduced by 75％. B.Most industries in the world suffer from water shortages. C.The underground watet in Saudi Arabia might run out in 50 years. D.Good management of water use resulted from the project in the Central Valley. 74.What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows? A.Steps to improving water use management. B.Ways to reduce the cost of building dams. C.Measures to deal with worldwide water shortages. D.Approaches to handling the pressure on water supply. WWW. The text is mainly about________. A.water supply and increasing population B.warer use management and agriculture C.water redistribution and wildlife protection D.water shotages and environmental protection rves can only decrease,and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will see them run dry. 72. From the first two paragraphs we learn that . A. much of the word’s water is available for use B. people in high rainfall countries feel lucky C. the costs of water redistribution should be considered D. water can be easily carried through pipes across rhe world (2010﹒四川﹒阅读理解 B) Boiler rooms are often dirty and steamy, but this one is clean and cool. Fox Point is a very new47-unit living building in South Bronx, one of the city’s poorest areas. Two-thirds of the people living there are formerly (以前) homeless people, whose rent is paid by the government. The rest are low-income families. The boiler room has special equipment, which produces energy for electricity and heat. It reuses heat that would otherwise be lost to the air, reducing carbon emissions(碳排放)while also cutting costs. Fox Point is operated by Palladia, a group that specializes in providing housing and services to needy, people. Palladia received support from Enterprise Community Partners (ECP), which helps build affordable housing by providing support to housing developers. ECP has created national standards for healthy, environmentally (环境方面) clever and affordable homes which are called, the Green Communities Standards. These standards include water keeping, energy saving and the use of environmentally friendly building materials. Meeting the standards increases housing construction costs by 2%, which is rapidly paid back by lower running costs. Even the positioning of a window to get most daylight can help save energy. Michael. Bloomberg, New York's mayor, plans to create 165,000 affordable housing units for500,000 New Yorkers. Almost 80% of New York City’s greenhouse-gas emissions come from buildings, and 40% of those are caused, by housing.. So he recently announced that the city’s Department of Housing and Preservation and Development (DHPD) , whose duty is to develop and keep the city’s supply of affordable housing, will require all its new projects to follow ECP’s green standards. Similar measures have been taken by other cities such as Cleveland and Denver, but New York’s DHPD is the largest city developer of affordable housing in the country. 45. What is the purpose of describing the boiler room in the first paragraph? A. To explain the measures the city takes to care for poor people. B. To suggest that affordable housing is possible in all areas. C. To show how the environment-friendly building works. D. To compare old and new boiler rooms. 46. What is an advantage of the buildings meeting the Green Communities Standards? A. Lower running costs. B. Costing less in construction. C. Less air to be lost in hot days. D. Better prices for homeless people. 47. It can be learned from the text that, A. New York City is seriously polluted B. people’s daily life causes many carbon emissions in New York CityC. a great number of people in New York City don't have houses to live in D. some other cities have developed more affordable housing than New York City 48. What is the main purpose of this text? A. To call on people to pay more attention to housing problems. B. To prove that some standards are needed for affordable housing. C. To ask society to help homeless people and low-income families. D. To introduce healthy, environmentally clever-and affordable housing. 【解析】本篇文章为说明文。作者以 Fox Point 居住群的 boiler rooms 为切入点，阐述此类房子的环保节能 的优点，以及各城市特别是纽约队建造此类建筑的积极响应。 45. C 从第一段最后两句，作者描述开水房仅是从一个侧面展示整个建筑群的节能，环保，可以得出答 案。 46. A 依据文章第三段倒数第二句：Meeting the standards increases housing construction costs by 2%, which is rapidly paid back by lower running costs.可得到答案。句意为“达到这一标准会将建筑成本提高 2%， 但很快会被它的低成本运行成本补回” 47. B 依据文章第四段第二句：Almost 80% of New York City’s greenhouse-gas emissions come from buildings, and 40% of those are caused, by housing..可得出答案 48. D 本文主要让读者了解这类健康、环保、经济类住房。 (2011﹒重庆﹒阅读理解 C) Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out. Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far? Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground. 64. The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because . A. they lived healthily in a dirty environment. B. they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in C. they believed disease could be spread in public baths D. they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease 65.Which of the following best describes Henry IV’s attitude to bathing? A. Afraid. B. Curious. C. Approving. D. Uninterested. 66. How does the passage mainly develop? A. By providing examples. B. By making comparisons. C. By following the order of time. D. By following the order of importance. 67. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To stress the role of dirt. B. To introduce the history of dirt. C. To call attention to the danger of dirt. D. To present the change of views on dirt. 【解析】本文以时间为序，讲述了人们对待污垢的态度。大多数人都认可我们应该讲究卫生，事实上人们 也一直是这么在做的，但现在，专家却有不同的观点，正可谓是“不干不净，吃了不生毛病。”64. C 细节题。根据 A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546.可知当时英法两国的国王之所以关闭 公共澡堂，是因为他们认为那儿很危险，是疾病的传播地。 65. A 推理判断题。根据 Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.可知 Henry IV 很脏，几乎从不洗澡，而且命令国民也不能出去洗澡。可以推断他是十分害怕洗澡的。 66. C 组织结构题。全文以时间为序，介绍人们对 Dirt 的观点的转变。 67. D 写作意图。全文以时间为序，客观介绍人们对 Dirt 的观点的转变。 (2011﹒湖北﹒阅读理解 E) Which are you more likely to have wath you at sny given mement—your cell phone or your wallet? Soon you may be able to throw your wallet away and pay for things with a quick wave of your smart phone over an electroue scannet. In January, Starbucks announced that customers could start using their phones to buy coffee in 6,800 of its states. This is the first pay by phone practice in the U.S., but we’re likely to see more witeless payment alternatives as something called ucar field communcation(NFC)GETS IN TO America’s consumet electanies. Last Deccmbet some new smart phanes which cantain an NFC chip were introduced to the midlit. Already in use in part of Asia and Europe, NFCtheir plan a few incees live a payment tetminal a one a few ptaht need to be worked out, like who will get to collect the profitable trunsacian(交易)fees. Although some credit card providers have been experimenting with wave and pay systems that use NFC enabled credit cards, cellphone service providers truay try to mused their way into the point of sale (POS)market. Three big gellphone service providers have formed a joinf tenture(合资企业)that will go into opention over the next i15 months. Its goal is“to lead the U.S. payments industry from cards to mobile phone.” The other big NFC sue, apart from how paymeats will be processed, is security, For instance, what’s to stop a thief from digitally pickpocketing you? “We’re still not at the point where an attacker can just brush against yee in a crowd and steal all the money out of your phone,”says Jimmy Shah. A mobile security rescarcher, “Usera may also be able to set transaction timeits,requiring a password to be enteced for larger putchases. Bus siness? Keep in mund you lost your smart phone, it can be located on a located on a map and remotely ned Plus, your phone can be password protected, Your wallet isn’t. 67.What is predicted to happen in the U.S.? A.The expansion of cellphone companices. B. The boom of pay by phone business. C. The dissppearanceof credit cards. D. The increase of Starbucks sales.s 68.The NFC technology can be used to________. A. ensure the safety of shoppers B. collect transaction fees easily C. make purchase faster and smpler D. improve the quality of cellphones 69.Three cellphone service providers form a joint venture to__________. A. strengthen their relationship B .get a share in the payments industry C .sell more cellphones D. test the NFC teehnoingy 70.According to the what can users do if they lose their smart phones? A. Stop the luneting of niet phones. B .Stop a passwant. C .Cat all the money out of their phones. D. Can large purchases. 【解析】 67．答案 B．推理预测题．根据文章"Soon you may be able to throw your wallet away and pay for things with a quick wave of your smart phone over an electroue scannet．"可知，不久后，你就可以使用智能手机支 付．文章"Already in use in part of Asia and Europe，NFCtheir plan a few incees live a payment tetminal a one a few ptaht need to be worked out，like who will get to collect the profitable trunsacian fees．"也写到，在欧洲 和亚洲已经应用手机支付．可推测在美国也将掀起这股热潮．故选 B． 68．答案 C．细节理解题．根据文章"we're likely to see more witeless payment alternatives as something called ucar field communcation（NFC）GETS IN TO America's consumet electanies"可知，NFC 是一个付款程序．AD 错误．根据"NFCtheir plan a few incees live a payment tetminal a one a few ptaht need to be worked out，like who will get to collect the profitable trunsacian fees"可知，NFC 不收取交易费．故选 C． 69．答案 B．细节理解题．根据文章"Three big gellphone service providers have formed a joinf tenture that will go into opention over the next i15months．Its goal is"to lead the U．S．payments industry from cards to mobile phone"可知，这三个手机商组成一个合资公司，为了促进市场份额．故选 B． 70．答案 A．细节理解题．根据文章"Keep in mund you lost your smart phone，it can be located on a located on a map and remotely ned Plus，your phone can be password protected"可知，如果你手机丢失，你可以启用定 位追踪和远程禁用．故选 A． (2012﹒广东普宁英才侨中、建新高中月考) Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree.In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty­six courses, each lasting for one semester.A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester.Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year.It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period.It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice. For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to future employers.All this imposes a constant pressure and stress of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs.Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm.The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities.Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court.With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and will be of benefit to him later in his career. 21．Normally a student would at least attend ________ classes each week. A．36　　B．12　　C．20　　D．15 22．According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed to ________. A.live in a different university B.take a particular course in a different university C.live at home and drive to school D.get two degrees from two different universities 23．American university students are usually under pressure of work because ________. A.their academic performance will affect their future careers B.they are heavily involved in student affairs C.they have to obey university discipline D.they want to run for positions of authority 24．Some students are enthusiastic for position in student organizations probably because ________. A.they hate the constant pressure and strain of their study B.they will then be able to stay longer in the university C.such positions help them get better jobs D.such positions are usually well paid 25．The student organizations seem to be effective in ________.A.dealing with the academic affairs of the university B.ensuring that the students obey university regulations C.evaluating students’ performance by bringing them before a court D.keeping up the students’ enthusiasm for social activities 【解析】 本文讲述美国大学生要毕业并拿到学位，必须学习一定数量的课程，并拿到该课程的学分。一般来 说，要学习四年共 36 门课。但也可适当延长时间，还可到校外选课。学生成绩会被记录下来给招聘人员 看，这些使学生处于长期的工作压力中，但仍有学生参加管理活动，而且进入学生社团会受到尊敬，并对 将来的事业有利。 21. B　细节理解题。根据第一段可知：每门课每星期上三节，每学期要学四到五门课。因此每星期至 少要上 12 节课。 22．B　细节理解题。文章第一段除介绍大学课程数及学制外，还提到可适当延长时间，还可到校外 选课，因此 B 为正确答案。 23．A　推理判断题 。学生处于工作压力中是因为学业成绩会被记录下来给招聘人员看。 24．C　推理判断题 。文章最后一句话提到拥有这样的职位受人尊敬并对未来的事业有利，其他任何 地方均未提到学生为何积极参与社团活动。 25．B　细节理解题。文中提到“The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities.”，此处关键是对 maintaining discipline 的理解，意为“维护纪律”，因此 B 为正确答案。 (2012﹒德阳高中高三一诊) The singer, Mick Jagger, of the Rolling Stones sings a song that tells people they can't always get what they want but if we try sometimes we can get what we need. The past years in my life my parents have told me this saying many times. I've always complained about the quote(引语). Although over time I have told myself to learn from it. This year my girlfriend flew off to college in West Palm, Florida. This has been a killer for me because I haven't been able to see her and she is having a rough time in school. The last two months have been hard but we are working through it. I have been trying to get my dad to buy me a plane ticket to go down there. My dad told me if I brought him some money he would help me pay for the ticket. I started to complain to him because I had no way of getting any money to give him. I spent several days and nights thinking of ways to earn money to go to see my girlfriend. I finally came to the conclusion that I would get a job and work hard to earn some money to give my dad. I applied to Safeway and I ended up getting the job. I have been working at Safeway for about a month now and work hard to earn money to go to see my girlfriend. The other day my mom had surprised me and told me that she asked her boss if she could use their business miles(旅费) to buy me a ticket down to Florida for two weeks. I was very thankful and told her I would help pay for anything that I have to. The thought of me working hard and getting a job showed my mom that I really cared and was trying my best to be a successful person. I believe that you can't always get what you want but if you try sometimes, you get what you need. 15．The author's parents often told him the saying quoted from the song because________. A．he liked to complain to them about his life B．they expected him to learn from the singer C．he always wanted to get everything he wanted D．they tried to educate him to do things for himself 16．What does the underlined word “killer” in the second paragraph refer to? A．Something that is quite troublesome. B．Something that is very difficult. C．A person who kills purposely. D．A person who treats women very badly. 17．What can we infer from the passage? A．The author was lazy and unwilling to work hard.B．The author's father was too mean to give him money. C．The author's actual action won support from his mother. D．The author was unable to tear himself away from his girlfriend. 18．By writing the passage, the author tries to show________. A．we can do nothing without money B．fathers are strict while mothers are kind C．it's hard for parents to bring up their children D．we should try to rely on ourselves for everything 【解析】 作者的父母总是引用歌词教育作者：凡事要靠自己的努力。所以作者凭借自己的努力打动了父母，如愿以偿地拿到了去 看女朋友的飞机票。 15．D　推理判断题。由作者在第一段最后的“I've always complained about the quote(引语). Although over time I have told myself to learn from it.”可知尽管作者总是抱怨，但自己也承认从中学到了东西，这正是作者父母的目的所在。 16．A　词义猜测题。由下文的解释“because I haven't been able to see her and she is having a rough time in school.”可以看 出，女朋友离开去上大学了，自己感觉很孤独，再加上女友在学校“having a rough time”，由此可以看出，这正是上文所说的 killer，一些使人烦恼的事情。 17．C　推理判断题。当作者提出让父母出钱买票去看女友的时候，父亲的答复是：作者得出钱，即：“if I brought him some money he would help me pay for the ticket.”后来作者找了份工作(ended up getting the job)，并努力赚钱买票(work hard to earn money to go to see my girlfriend.)，正是作者的实际行动感动了作者的妈妈，从而“asked her boss if she could use their business miles(旅费) to buy me a ticket down to Florida for two weeks.”。 18．D　写作意图题。作者开篇就引出了主题：只要努力就能得到自己所需要的。中间用自己的一次经历进行了论证， 最后一段得出结论：…trying my best to be a successful person. I believe that you can't always get what you want but if you try sometimes, you get what you need. 也就是：we should try to rely on ourselves for everything。 (2012﹒江苏·阅读理解 E) Franz Kafka wrote that “a_book_must_be_the_ax_( 斧 子 )_for_the_frozen_sea_inside_us. ” I once shared this sentence with a class of seventh graders, and it didn't seem to require any explanation. We'd just finished John Steinbeck's novel Of Mice and Men. When we read the end together out loud in class, my toughest boy, a star basketball player, wept a little, and so did I. “Are you crying？” one girl asked, as she got out of her chair to take a closer look. “I am，” I told her, “and the funny thing is I've read it many times. ” But they understood. When George shoots Lennie, the tragedy is that we realize it was always going to happen. In my 14 years of teaching in a New York City public middle school, I' ve taught kids with imprisoned parents, abusive parents, irresponsible parents; kids who are parents themselves; kids who are homeless; kids who grew up in violent neighborhoods. They understand, more than I ever will, the novel's terrible logic—the giving way of dreams to fate (命运)． For the last seven years, I have worked as a reading enrichment teacher, reading classic works of literature with small groups of students from grades six to eight. I originally proposed this idea to my headmaster after learning that a former excellent student of mine had transferred out of a selective high school—one that often attracts the literary­minded children of Manhattan' s upper classes—into a less competitive setting. The daughter of immigrants, with a father in prison, she perhaps felt uncomfortable with her new classmates. I thought additional “cultural capital” could help students like her develop better in high school, where they would unavoidably meet, perhaps for the first time, students who came from homes lined with bookshelves, whose parents had earned Ph. D．'s. Along with Of Mice and Men, my groups read: Sounder, The Red Pony, Lord of the Flies, Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth. The students didn't always read from the expected point of view. About The Red Pony, one student said, “it's about being a man, it's about manliness.” I had never before seen the parallels between Scarface and Macbeth, nor had I heard Lady Macbeth's soliloquies (独白) read as raps (说唱), but both made sense; the interpretations were playful, but serious. Once introduced to Steinbeck's writing, one boy went on to read The Grapes of Wrath and told me repeatedly how amazing it was that “all these people hate each other, and they're all white.” His historical view was broadening, his sense of his own country deepening. Year after year, former students visited and told me how prepared they had felt in their first year in college as a result of the classes. Year after year, however, we are increasing the number of practice tests. We are trying to teach students to read increasingly complex texts, not for emotional punch (碰撞) but for text complexity. Yet, we cannot enrich (充实) the minds of our students by testing them on texts that ignore their hearts. We are teaching them that words do not amaze but confuse. We may succeed in raising test scores, but we will fail to teach them that reading can be transformative and that it belongs to them. 66. The underlined words in Paragraph 1 probably mean that a book helps to________. A. realize our dreams B. give support to our life C. smooth away difficulties D. awake our emotions 67. Why were the students able to understand the novel Of Mice and Men? A. Because they spent much time reading it. B. Because they had read the novel before. C. Because they came from a public school. D. Because they had similar life experiences. 68. The girl left the selective high school possibly because ________. A. she was a literary­minded girl B. her parents were immigrants C. she couldn't fit in with her class D. her father was then in prison 69. To the author's surprise, the students read the novels ________. A. creatively B. passively C. repeatedly D. carelessly 70. The author writes the passage mainly to ________. A. introduce classic works of literature B. advocate teaching literature to touch the heart C. argue for equality among high school students D. defend the current testing system 【解析】 文章主要介绍了作者讲述在自己教学生涯中，教学生文学阅读的一些感受。 66. D　语意推测题。这句话运用了明喻和暗喻的表达手法，“一本书就是能融化我们冰冻着的内 心的一把斧子”，这是表面意思，即指一本书能够唤醒我们内心深处的情感，引起共鸣之意，故 D 项正确。 67. D　信息理解题。根据第三段第一、第二句“But they understood. When George shoots Lennie, the tragedy is that we realize it was always going to happen.”可知 D 项正确。 68. C　信息理解题。根据第四段第三句“The daughter of immigrants, with a father in prison, she perhaps felt uncomfortable with her new classmates.”可知 C 项正确。 69. A　推理判断题。根据第五段第四句“I had never before seen the parallels between Scarface and Macbeth, nor had I heard Lady Macbeth's soliloquies read as raps, but both made sense; the interpretations were playful, but serious.”可推断作者对孩子阅读小说的创造力感到惊讶，字里行间流露出自豪，故 A 项正确。 70. B　写作意图题。文章主要介绍了作者在自己教学生涯中，教学生文学阅读的感受：可以美化 他们的心灵，故 B 项正确。 (2012﹒湖北·阅读理解 C) It was a simple letter asking for a place to study at Scotland's oldest university which helped start a revolution in higher education. A 140­year­old letter written by a lady calling for her to be allowed to study medicine at St Andrews University has been discovered by researchers. Written by Sophia Jex­Blake in 1873, the seven­page document, which urged the university to allow women to study medicine at the institution, was released yesterday on International Women's Day. The document was discovered buried in the university archives (档案)by part­time history student Lis Smith, who is completing her PhD at St Andrews Institute of Scottish Historical Research. She said: “We knew that Sophia Jex­Blake and her supporters, in their effort to open up university medical education for women, had written to the Senates Academicus ( 校评议委员会)at St Andrews in an attempt to gain permission to attend classes there, but we didn't know documentary evidence existed. While searching the archives for information about the university's higher certificate for women, I was astonished to come across what must be the very letter Jex­Blake wrote. ” In the letter, Sophia and her supporters offered to hire teachers or build suitable buildings for a medical school and to arrange for lectures to be delivered in the subjects not already covered at St Andrews. Although her letter was not successful, it eventually led to the establishment of the Ladies Literate in Arts at St Andrews, a distance­learning degree for women. The qualification, which ran from 1877 until the 1930s, gave women access to university education in the days before they were admitted as students. It was so popular that it survived long after women were admitted as full students to St Andrews in 1892. Ms Jex­Blake went on to help establish the London School of Medicine for Women in 1874. She was accepted by the University of Berne, where she was awarded a medical degree in January 1877. Eventually, she moved back to Edinburgh and opened her own practice. 59．Sophia wrote a letter to St Andrews University because she wanted ________. A．to carry out a research project there B．to set up a medical institute there C．to study medicine there D．to deliver lectures there 60．Lis Smith found Sophia's letter to St Andrews University ________. A．by pure chance B．in the school office C．with her supporters' help D．while reading history books 61．Sophia's letter resulted in the establishment of ________. A．the London School of Medicine for Women B．a degree programme for women C．a system of medical education D．the University of Berne 62. When did St Andrews University begin to take full­time women students? A. In 1873. B. In 1874. C. In 1877. D. In 1892. 【解析】 此篇讲述了一封女子求学的信件引发了英国高等教育的改革，允许女子接受高等教育。 59．C　信息理解题。根据第一段…which urged the university to allow women to study medicine at the institution 可知 C 为正确选项。 60．A　信息理解题。根据第二段中 but we didn't know documentary evidence existed…I was astonished to come across what must be the very letter Jex­Blake wrote.可知 A(纯粹偶然的机会)为正确选项。 61．B　信息理解题。由倒数第二段…letter was not successful, it eventually led to the establishment of the Ladies Literate in Arts at St Andrews…可推断 B 为正确选项。 62．D　信息理解题。由倒数第二段最后一句可知答案为 D，此事发生在 1892 年。 (2012﹒福建·阅读理解 E) Holidays are really important.Many of us will have childhood memories of summer holidays where we were taken away from home to experience new environments and learn in different ways. But holidays are expensive and，for those on low wages or living on benefits, they are often unobtainable. Even the cheapest holidays require travel and other additional costs that are difficult for many families to meet. For working parents，the long summer break can be a very difficult problem for childcare. When an annual leave allowance amounts to only five weeks ， there is a need to spread this across the year.Couples can find themselves taking leave in turn in order to care for children who are on holi­day. For some，this makes even an affordable family holiday difficult. The schools that I visit in Nottingham are full of experienced staff committed to giving our children a caring and inspiring learning environment.The number of children receiving free school meals is quite large in Nottingham and many schools have breakfast clubs to make sure that children get a healthy start to the day. Most schools undertake programs of group or individual educational support. Schools also have an important role in safeguarding children's welfare through the ongoing touch and support with their pupils. During the long summer holidays，much of this is missed. While teachers are holidaying in the UK，many of their pupils spend the whole six weeks on the street where they live. The lack of free school meals for six weeks can result in pressure on a family budget and an inability to afford the inspiring experiences that help children to continue their learning. In setting out its plans for a five­term year，Nottingham City Council(委员会)is seeking to reduce the summer holiday down to four and a half weeks, with a more balanced five terms of roughly eight weeks, each followed by a two­week break.We believe this will give real “down time” for school staff and pupils alike but will be short enough not to cause a real break in learning. We acknowledge that this change may be difficult for some school staff，particularly whose own children are educated in other authorities. However, this must be weighed against the benefits for city children for whom we all have the greatest duty of care. 71．The passage is probably written by ________. A. an experienced teacher B．a working parent C．an inspired student D．a city council member 72．The underlined word “they” in the second paragraph refers to “________”． A．environments B．holidays C．wages D．benefits 73．It is suggested in the passage that the summer break be reduced to ________. A．2 weeks B．4.5 weeks C．5 weeks D．6 weeks 74．The plans for a shorter summer holiday will help students ________. A．obtain the cheapest holidays without additional costs B．get a chance to spend six weeks a term with teachers in school C．benefit more from the caring and inspiring learning environment D．have more school days to receive free school meals 75．It can be inferred from the passage that ________. A．working parents can enjoy a five­week break to care for their children B．the suggested plans for a five­term school year can hardly be carried out C．the long summer holiday gives teachers and students real “down time” D．some school staff will say “No” to the plans for a shorter summer holiday 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。介绍了英国诺丁汉城市委员会把学生假期缩短至 4.5 周的计划。 71. D　推理判断题。从文章倒数第二段“Nottingham City Council is seeking to reduce the summer holiday down to four and a half weeks”和最后一段“We acknowledge that this change may be difficult for some school staff”可知答案。 72. B　代词指代题。根据第二段，度假是昂贵的，并且对于那些低工资和靠救济为生的人，度假 是不可能的。 73. B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知答案。 74. C 　 推 理 判 断 题 。 根 据 第 四 段 第 一 句 话 “The schools that I visit in Nottingham are full of experienced staff committed to giving our children a caring and inspiring learning environment.”可知如果假期缩 短，学生就可以更多地享受学校提供的照顾和鼓舞人心的学习环境。75. D　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句话“We acknowledge that this change may be difficult for some school staff”可推知一些学校员工会反对这个计划。 (2012﹒浙江·阅读理解 C) Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever, even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started. Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country. In fact, according to an official report on youth violence, “In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence”. Given that this is the case, why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit? First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult(侮辱). For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. The problem isn't in the sandwich, but in the way students deal with the conflict. Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable, they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution(解决)：stay calm. Once the student feels calmer, he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words, name­calling, and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire. On the other hand, soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control. After both sides have calmed down, they can use another key strategy(策略) for conflict resolution: listening. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side, and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterward, the listener can ask non­threatening questions to clarify the speaker's position. Then the two people should change roles. Finally, students need to consider what they are bearing. This doesn't mean trying to figure out what's wrong with the other person. It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish. For example, a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things. Students need to ask themselves questions such as these：How did this start? What do I really want? What am I afraid of? As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller. Even if it doesn't, careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution. There will always be conflict in schools, but that doesn't mean there needs to be violence. After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program, according to Educators for Social Responsibility, “64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom; 75 percent of the teachers reported an increase in student cooperation; and 92 percent of the students felt better about themselves”. Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends, teachers, parents, bosses, and coworkers. In that way, conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country. 50. This article is mainly about ________. A. the lives of school children B. the cause of arguments in schools C. how to analyze youth violence D. how to deal with school conflicts 51. From Paragraph 2 we can learn that ________. A. violence is more likely to occur at lunchtime B. a small conflict can lead to violence C. students tend to lose their temper easily D. the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight 52. Why do students need to ask themselves the questions stated in Paragraph 5? A. To find out who is to blame. B. To get ready to try new things. C. To make clear what the real issue is. D. To figure out how to stop the shouting match. 53. After the conflict resolution program was started in Atlanta, it was found that ________.A. there was a decrease in classroom violence B. there was less student cooperation in the classroom C. more teachers felt better about themselves in schools D. the teacher­student relationship greatly improved 54. The writer's purpose for writing this article is to ________. A. complain about problems in school education B. teach students different strategies for school life C. advocate teaching conflict management in schools D. inform teachers of the latest studies on school violence 【解析】 作者在文章中主要探讨了如何让学生正确、冷静处理校园冲突，从而减少校园暴力以及介绍了学生学 会解决冲突的益处，最后呼吁全国的各个学校教授学生解决冲突的技能。 50. D　主旨大意题。从文章第一段…is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence…，以及下文提到的 First of all…；Once students…；After both sides have calmed down…；Finally, students…等知，该文主要介绍了如何帮助学生正确处理校园冲突的方法，所以选 D 项。 51. B　推理判断题。从第二段…begin with a relatively minor insult…推知，很多时候校园冲突的起因只 是一件小事而已。下面作者所列举的例子也是来说明这一点的，故选 B 项。 52. C　推理判断题。从第五段 It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish…知，学生自问问题的关键在于：让学生明白冲突真正的症结所在，而不是只关注对方的过 错，由此推断 C 项是最佳答案。 53. A　细节理解题。从第六段…64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom… 知，亚特兰大实施了校园冲突解决方案后，肢体上的暴力行为有了较大的减少，而合作上升了，学生们的 自我归属感也增强了，所以选 A 项。 54. C　写作意图题。从文章中第一段…Given that this is the case…和最后一段 In that way, conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught…，并结合全文知，本文作者主要倡导在校园中教授解决冲 突的办法，所以选 C 项。 (2012﹒天津·阅读理解 A) Bicycle Safety Operation 　 Always ride your bike in a safe, controlled manner on campus( 校 园 ). Obey rules and regulations. Watch out for walkers and other bicyclists, and always use your lights in dark conditions. Theft Prevention　Always securely lock your bicycle to a bicycle rack—even if you are only away for a minute. Register your bike with the University Department of Public Safety. It's fast, easy, and free. Registration permanently records your serial number, which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen. Equipment Brakes　Make sure that they are in good working order and adjusted properly. Helmet　A necessity, make sure your helmet meets current safety standards and fits properly. Lights　Always have a front headlight—visible at least 500 feet in front of the bike. A taillight is a good idea. Rules of the Road Riding on Campus　As a bicycle rider, you have a responsibility to ride only on streets and posted bicycle paths. Riding on sidewalks or other walkways can lead to a fine. The speed limit for bicycles on campus is 15 mph, unless otherwise posted. Always give the right of way to walkers. If you are involved in an accident, you are required to offer appropriate aid, call the Department of Public Safety and remain at the scene until the officer lets you go. Bicycle Parking　Only park in areas reserved for bikes. Trees, handrails, hallways, and sign posts are not for bicycle parking, and parking in such spots can result in a fine. If Things Go Wrong If you break the rules, you will be fined. Besides violating rules while riding bicycles on campus, you could be fined for： No bicycle registration$25 Bicycle parking banned$30 Blocking path with bicycle$40 Violation of bicycle equipment requirement$35 36．Registration of your bicycle may help you ________. A．find your stolen bicycle B．get your serial number C．receive free repair services D．settle conflicts with walkers 37．According to the passage, what bike equipment is a free choice for bicycle riders? A．Brakes. B．A helmet. C．A headlight. D．A taillight. 38．When you ride a bicycle on the campus, ________. A．ride on posted bicycle paths and sidewalks B．cycle at a speed of over 15 mph C．put the walkers' right of way first D．call the police before leaving in case of accident 39．If you lock your bicycle to a tree on the campus, you could be fined ________. A．$25 B．$30 C．$35 D．$40 40．What is the passage mainly about? A．A guide for safe bicycling on campus. B．Directions for bicycle tour on campus. C．Regulations of bicycle race on campus. D．Rules for riding motor vehicles on campus. 【解析】 本文讲述了在校园骑自行车应注意的一些事项。 36. A　信息理解题。根据文中 Theft Prevention 一段中的 “…which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen”可知选 A。 37. D　信息理解题。根据 Equipment 中的 Lights 一段叙述可知， Brakes, Helmet 以及 Lights 是自行车 的必选配置。 38. C　信息理解题。根据 “Always give the right of way to walkers”可知答案。 39. B　信息理解题。根据 “Bicycle Parking”一段及 “Bicycle parking banned…$30”可知答案。 40. A　主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文讲述了在校园内骑自行车应注意的一些事项。故选 A。 (2012﹒天津·阅读理解 B) “I can't tell you how pleased I am to be here. I haven't seen many of you since your graduation, but I have followed your careers and enjoyed your victories as well as crying for your tragedies. I have a large collection of newspaper photographs of my students. Although I haven't appeared in person, I have attended your college graduations, weddings and even the births of your children, in my imagination.” Ms. Yates paused and started crying a bit. Then she continued： “It was my belief that if I pushed you as hard as I could, some of you would succeed to please me and others would succeed to annoy me. Regardless of our motives, I can see that you have all been successful in your chosen path.” “There is no greater comfort for an educator than to see the end result of his or her years of work. You have all been a great source of pleasure and pride for me and I want you to know I love you all from the bottom of my heart.” There was a silence over the crowd for a few seconds and then someone started clapping. The clapping turned into cheering, then into a deafening roar(呼喊). Lawyers, truck drivers, bankers and models were rubbing their eyes or crying openly with no shame all because of the words from a long forgotten English teacher from their hometown. 41．What activity was organized for the school reunion? A．Sightseeing in the park. B．A picnic on the school playground. C．Telling stories about past events. D．Graduates' reports in the old building. 42. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2? A. Some graduates were too busy to listen to Ms. Yates' speech. B. Many graduates disliked Ms. Yates' ways of teaching. C. Some people got tired from the reunion activities. D. Most people had little interest in the reunion. 43. We can learn from Ms. Yates' speech that she________. A. kept track of her students' progress B. gave her students advice on their careers C. attended her students' college graduations D. went to her students' wedding ceremonies 44. What was Ms. Yates' belief in teaching teenagers? A. Teachers' knowledge is the key to students' achievements. B. Pressure on students from teachers should be reduced. C. Hard­pushed students are more likely to succeed. D. Students' respect is the best reward for teachers. 45. Which of the following can best describe Ms. Yates? A. Reliable and devoted. B. Tough and generous. C. Proud but patient. D. Strict but caring. 【解析】 Barditch High School 组织学生、教师重聚。在聚会上 Ms. Yates 的一席发言打动了所有的人。 41. C　信息理解题。根据第一段中的 “Several former teachers were on hand to tell stories about the old days.”可知答案。 42. B　推理判断题。根据第二段描述在 Ms. Yates 要开始讲话时学生们的表现可知，学生们对老师过 去对他们的种种教学方式是有些反感的。 43. A　信息理解题。通读 Ms. Yates 的发言，特别是从 “…but I have followed your careers and enjoyed your victories as well as crying for your tragedies. I have a large collection of newspaper photographs of my students.”中可知答案。 44. C　信息理解题。根据 “It was my belief that if I pushed you as hard as I could, some of you would succeed to please me and others would succeed to annoy me”可知答案。 45. D 　 推 理 判 断 题 。 从 第 二 段 最 后 一 句 “…made them work harder than all the other teachers combined”以及 “…I have a large collection of newspaper photographs of my students”可知答案。 (2012﹒山东·阅读理解 B) One of the greatest contributors to the first Oxford English Dictionary was also one of its most unusual. In 1879, Oxford University in England asked Prof. James Murray to serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language. It would include every English word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations(引文)showing how it was used. This was a huge task, so Murray had to find volunteers from Britain, the United States, and the British colonies to search every newspaper, magazine, and book ever written in English. Hundreds of volunteers responded, including William Chester Minor. Dr. Minor was an American surgeon who had served in the Civil War and was now living in England. He gave his address as “Broadmoor, Crowthorne, Berkshire，” 50 miles from Oxford. Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray. Over the next 17 years, he became one of the staff's most valued contributors. But he was also a mystery. In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford. So in 1897, Murray finally decided to travel to Crowthorne himself. When he arrived, he found Minor locked in a book­lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum(精神病院)for the Criminally Insane. Murray and Minor became friends, sharing their love of words. Minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more than 10,000 submissions in 20 years. Murray continued to visit Minor regularly, sometimes taking walks with him around the asylum grounds. In 1910, Minor left Broadmoor for an asylum in his native America. Murray was at the port to wave goodbye to his remarkable friend. Minor died in 1920, seven years before the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was completed. The 12 volumes defined 414,825 words, and thousands of them were contributions from a very scholarly and devoted asylum patient. 61. According to the text, the first Oxford English Dictionary ________. A. came out before Minor died B. was edited by an American volunteer C. included the English words invented by Murray D. was intended to be the most ambitious English dictionary 62. How did Dr. Minor contribute to the dictionary? A. He helped Murray to find hundreds of volunteers. B. He sent newspapers, magazines and books to Murray. C. He provided a great number of words and quotations. D. He went to England to work with Murray. 63. Why did Dr. Minor refuse to visit Oxford? A. He was shut in an asylum. B. He lived far from Oxford. C. He was busy writing a book. D. He disliked traveling. 64. Prof. Murray and Dr. Minor became friends mainly because ________. A. they both served in the Civil War B. they had a common interest in words C. Minor recovered with the help of Murray D. Murray went to America regularly to visit Minor 65. Which of the following best describes Dr. Minor? A. Brave and determined. B. Cautious and friendly. C. Considerate and optimistic. D. Unusual and scholarly. 66. What does the text mainly talk about? A. The history of the English language. B. The friendship between Murray and Minor. C. Minor and the first Oxford English Dictionary. D. Broadmoor Asylum and its patients. 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了第一本牛津字典的编写过程，以及 Minor 对字典的编写工作所作出的巨 大贡献。 61. D　细节理解题。从最后一段的“Minor died in 1920, seven years before the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was completed.”看出 A 选项是不正确的；从第二段的“Murray had to find volunteers from Britain , the United States, and the British colonies to search every newspaper, magazine, and book ever written in English. Hundreds of volunteers responded, including William Chester Minor. Dr. Minor was an American surgeon who had served in the Civil War and was now living in England.”看出牛津字典是集体智慧的结晶；由 第一段最后一句中“It would include every English word possible”可知，C 项不正确。故选 D。62. C　细节理解题。从第三段的“Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray”看出，Minor 提供了大量词汇和引文。故选 C。 63. A　细节理解题。从第四段的“Murray finally decided to travel to Crowthorne himself. When he arrived, he found Minor locked in a book­lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum for the Criminally Insane.”看出， 是由于 Minor 患精神病被关进医院里，所以没有办法去牛津。故选 A。 64. B　细节理解题。从第二段 Minor 自愿加入编字典这个活动可知，他对此很感兴趣，与 Murray 有 着共同的兴趣，再从文章倒数第三段的“Murray and Minor became friends, sharing their love of words. Minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more than 10,000 submissions in 20 years.”可找到答案。故选 B。 65. D　推理判断题。根据文章中 Minor 在患精神病住院期间还坚持字典的编写工作看出他的不寻常； 从文章倒数第三段的“Minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more than 10,000 submissions in 20 years.”看出他的学者风范。故选 D。 66. C　主旨大意题。文章一开始主要介绍由来自英国、美国和英国殖民地的志愿者参加牛津字典的编 写工作，后半部分主要写编者 Minor 对字典的编写工作所作出的巨大贡献。故选 C。 (2012﹒全国卷Ⅱ·阅读理解 C) Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. For example, in American culture (文化) the smile is in general an expression of pleasure. Yet it also has other uses. A woman's smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child. A smile may show love or politeness. It can also hide true feelings. It often causes confusion( 困 惑 ) across cultures. For example, many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper. Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places(although this is less common in big cities). Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places; some Americans believe that Russians don't smile enough. In Southeast Asian cultures, a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings. Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile. Our faces show emotions(情感), but we should not attempt to “read” people from another culture as we would “read” someone from our own culture. The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions. Rather, there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressiveness permitted. For example, in public and in formal situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do. When with friends, Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions similarly. It is difficult to generalize about Americans and facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural differences in the United States. People from certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more facially expressive than others. The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different. If we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of “reading” the other person incorrectly. 49．What does the smile usually mean in the U．S.? A．Love. B．Politeness. C．Joy. D．Thankfulness. 50．The author mentions the smile of the Vietnamese to prove that a smile can ________. A．show friendliness to strangers B．be used to hide true feelings C．be used in the wrong places D．show personal habits 51．What should we do before attempting to “read” people? A．Learn about their relations with others. B．Understand their cultural backgrounds. C．Find out about their past experience. D．Figure out what they will do next.52．What would be the best title for the text? A．Cultural Differences B．Smiles and Relationships C．Facial Expressiveness D．Habits and Emotions 【解析】 本文主要介绍了不同的文化背景下，不同国家的人们在运用面部表情的时候也有着很大的差异，因此， 我们在判断他人面部表情的含义的时候，不要以自己的文化背景为根据，这样会做出错误的判断。 49. C　细节理解题。根据第一段的“For example, in American culture (文化) the smile is in general an expression of pleasure.”可知在美国，微笑一般表示的是“高兴”的意思。A 项表示“爱”；B 项“有礼 貌”，是一些特殊情况下的含义；D 项表示“感谢”，没有这个信息。 50. B　推理判断题。结合第一段的最后一句话“Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.” 提到了越南人以微笑来结束一个悲伤的故事，是掩饰真实情感的例子，故选 B。A 项“对陌 生人友好”，是美国人的做法；C 项“微笑会在错误的地方使用”；D 项表示“个人的习惯”；均与原文信息 不符。 51. B　细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句话“If we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of ‘reading’ the other person incorrectly.”可知在理解他人的面部表情的时候，首先要 懂得他们的文化背景，不能以自己的文化来理解他人的面部表情。A“了解与他人的关系”；C“找出他们 过去的经历”；D“预测他们下一步将做什么”；均与原文信息不符。 52. C　标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了在不同的文化背景下，人们的面部表情传达的意思不同，以美国 人和世界各地其他不同国家的人们在面部表情表达方式的不同为例，说明了我们在理解他人表情的时候， 不要以自己的文化背景为基础，因此选 C。A“文化差别”；B“微笑与关系”；D“习惯与感情”；均不是 文章的主题。 (2012﹒辽宁·阅读理解 C) If Confucius(孔子)were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there would be a lot of candles. He'd need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out. While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day, few people in the United States will give him a passing thought. It's nothing personal. Most Americans don't even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes. But this doesn't mean that Americans don't care about Confucius. In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China. In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually include Chinese art, history and philosophy( 哲 学 ) ． Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Western philosophy. Students in the United States, at the same time, are racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers. So the old thinker's ideas are still alive and well. Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West. As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West, even if his birthday is. 64．The opening paragraph is mainly intended to ________. A．provide some key facts about Confucius B．attract the readers' interest in the subject C．show great respect for the ancient thinkerD．prove the popularity of modern birthday celebrations 65．We can learn from Paragraph 4 that American students ________. A．have a great interest in studying Chinese B．take an active part in Chinese competitions C．try to get high scores in Chinese exams D．fight for a chance to learn Chinese 66．What is the best title for the passage? A．Forgotten Wisdom in America B．Huge Fans of the Chinese Language C．Chinese Culture for Westerners D．Old Thinker with a Big Future 67．The passage is likely to appear in ________. A．a biography B．a history paper C．a newspaper D．a philosophy textbook 【解析】 尽管东西方纪念孔子的方式不同，孔子在西方仍受到推崇。世界各地的孔子学院受到了西方人的欢迎。 这成为了解中国文化的桥梁。 64. B　写作意图题。作者开篇提出，如果孔子活到今天，按照西方点蜡烛庆祝他的生日，吹蜡烛是一 件麻烦的事情。作者以这个作为开场白，目的是吸引读者。C 有一定的干扰性。作者在后面讲述了西方人 不会这么做，这并不代表他们不尊重孔子，由此我们排除 C。 65. A　推理判断题。第四段的第一句就是本段的主旨句。这一段讲述了孔子文化在西方的受欢迎程度， 因此我们可以得出答案。 66. D　主旨大意题。全文讲述了孔子学院在西方的受欢迎程度。它架起了东方文化向西方输送的桥梁， 因此是古老的思想家与未来的结合。C 有一定的干扰性。本文介绍了孔子思想在西方国家的传播，因此 C 的范围过大。 67. C　文章出处题。本文介绍了孔子学院在西方的盛行，因此属于报道类文章，应该是在报纸里出现。 (2012﹒课标全国卷·阅读理解 D) Grown­ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears. One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it. In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn. The multiplication tables (乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood. The law of overlearning explains why cramming (突击学习) for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development. 67．What is the main idea of Paragraph 1? A．People remember well what they learned in childhood. B．Children have a better memory than grown­ups. C．Poem reading is a good way to learn words. D．Stories for children are easy to remember. 68．The author explains the law of overlearning by________. A．presenting research findings B．setting down general rules C．making a comparison D．using examples 69．According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is ________. A．a result of overlearning B．a special case of cramming C．a skill to deal with math problems D．a basic step towards advanced studies 70．What is the author's opinion on cramming? A．It leads to failure in college exams. B．It's helpful only in a limited way. C．It's possible to result in poor memory. D．It increases students' learning interest. 【解析】 本文是一篇议论文。成年人常常惊叹他们能很好地记着儿时学过的东西。作者认为这是儿时过度学习 的结果，是因为当我们儿时学会一样东西的时候，我们不是就此停止，而是继续练习，才使我们记忆深刻。 文章用例证法说明了“过度学习”的概念。 最后作者谈到了“过度学习”的好处和“突击学习”的弊端。 67. A　段落大意题。根据文章第一段中的“Grown­ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.”可知，文章讲的是成年人常常惊叹他 们非常好地记着儿时学过的东西。C、D 断章取义，讲得太具体，B 项错误，因为那是过度学习的结果， 不是儿时记忆力好。所以 A 正确。 68. D　推理判断题。根据文章的内容可知：作者采用了举例子的说明方法。比如：“practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them.”和“…they [the multiplication tables(乘法口诀表)] are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.” 69. A　推理判断题。根据文章的第四段“because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.” 可知，乘法口诀仍然是儿时过度学习的结果。所以选 A。 70. B　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.”可知，突击学习只在有限 的方面有帮助。所以 B 正确。 (2012﹒安徽·阅读理解 B) blue necklace hoping to protect themselves against evils(灾祸)． People's choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies' reactions (反应)toward them. Green is said to be the most restful color. It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically. People who work in green environments have been found to have fewer stomach aches. Red can cause a person's blood pressure to rise and increase people's appetites(食欲). Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant. Similarly, many commercial websites will have a red “Buy Now” button because red is a color that easily catches a person's eye. Blue is another calming color. Unlike red, blue can cause people to lose appetite. So if you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help. The next time you are deciding on what to wear or what color to decorate your room, think about the color carefully. 60. Muslims regard green as a symbol of heaven mainly because of their ________. A. cultural values B. commercial purposes C. personal experiences D. physical reactions to the color 61. Why will many commercial websites have a red “Buy Now” button? A. To relax people physically. B. To increase people's appetites. C. To encourage people to make a purchase. D. To cause a person's blood pressure to rise. 62. What color might help lose weight according to the text? A. Red. B. Green. C. Blue. D. Purple. 63. Which of the following would be the most proper title for the text? A. Colors and Human Beings B. The Cultural Meaning of Color C. Colors and Personal Experiences D. The Meaning and Function of Color 【解析】 本文主要讲颜色在不同的国家中代表不同含义以及在日常生活中的不同功能。 60. A　细节推断题。根据第二段中 The answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personal experiences.可知颜色和文化价值以及个人经历有关。再根据…for Muslims, it means heaven.可判断应该是文 化价值而不是个人经历。 61. C　细节推断题。根据第四段中…because red is a color that easily catches a person's eye 可知红色容易 吸引眼球，意思是鼓励别人购买。 62. C　细节推断题。根据第五段中 blue can cause people to lose appetite. So if you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help.可判断选 C。 63. D　主旨大意题。本文主要讲颜色的不同意义和功能，所以可判断选 D。 (2012﹒宁夏六校联考) In 1986，when Carlo Petrini first coined the term “Slow Food，” he organized locally in his native Italy to preserve the food and wine culture and protest fast food. Today, slow food has spread to 132 countries with over 85, 000 members, addressing worldwide issues like farmer equity and environmental_stewardship—the actions people take to respect the rights of all living things and all environments, to contribute to healthy and livablecommunities. Characterized by Slow Food International as “good, clean, and fair food，” slow food must enrich the eaters' life，have no negative impact on human or environmental health，and compensatefairly for food producers' work. The average American meal travels about 1,500 miles to its final destination, with producing of food traveling by plane from overseas and other items shipped across the country. However，cost for food travel and heavy processing are not the only problems in the foodindustry that the environment faces. Industrial agriculture also has unsustainable practices likeinefficient water use and decreased biodiversity. Our ideas in feeding ourselves are exceptional,but at various points our technologies come into conflict with nature's ways of doing things. A great many of the health and environmental problems created by our food system owe to our attempts tooversimplify natures complexities, at both the growing and the eating ends of our food chain. “Slowing” food, by purchasing locally and sustainably, allows consumers to reduce theimpact of “food miles” and develop a closer relationship with their food producers.“ We need tochange our food system，” said David Prior, organizer of Slow Food Nation Eat­In. “Our currentfood system is sick and we need to support farmers and agriculture to ensure that everyone has theright to nutritious food.” 36．The main idea of the passage can be summarized as________. A．why slow food is so important B．the food and wine culture is rich in Italy C．what you're eating always travels a long way D．slow food makes the current food system sick 37．According to the second paragraph, “environmental stewardship”refers to________. A．measures of environmental protections B．ways to establish healthy and livable communities C．people's admiration for all the creatures on the earth D．actions to protect the rights of all living things and environment 38．Slow food's characteristic doesn't lie in________. A．improving the quality of eaters' life B．providing a fair pay for food workers C．being friendly to human and environmental health D．developing a loose relationship with food producers 39．What is David Prior's attitude towards current food system? A．Suspicious. B．Unsatisfied. C．Indifferent. D．Supportive. 【解析】 本文的作者告诉我们，如果想吃得更健康、更营养，那就提倡“慢食物”吧！ 36．A　主旨大意题。本文主要探讨“慢食物”的重要性，以及“慢食物”给人们带来的好处，故答 案选 A 项。 37．D　细节理解题。从第二段中的“environmental stewardship—the actions people take to respect the rights of all living things and all environments”可知，环境管理(environmental stewardship)的内容就是“破 折号”后的解释，即“人们尊重所有生物和环境的权利的行动”，故 D 项正确。 38．D　细节理解题。从第三段可知，“慢食物运动”的特色就在于改善饮食者的饮食质量；不对人 类健康和环境卫生产生副作用；给食物供应商以合理的报酬。D 项则没有提到，故答案选 D 项。 39．B　推理判断题。从最后一段 David Prior 所说的话可知，他认为当前的食物系统很糟糕，需要改 进，所以他的态度应该是不满意的(unsatisfied)。A 项表示“怀疑的”；C 项表示“漠不关心的”；D 项表示“支 持的”，都不符合语境。 (2012﹒邵阳市第一次联考) “Children should not be left unsupervised(无人监督的) to play with a dog.”say experts in this week's British Medical Journal.Their advice is part of a review aimed at doctors who deal with dog bites. “Dog bites and maulings are a worldwide problem, particularly in children.” write Marina Morgan and John Palmer.Every year 250,000 people who have been bitten by dogs attend minor injuries and emergency units in the United Kingdom, and half of all children are reportedly bitten by dogs at some time, boys more than girls. Accurate death figures are difficult to obtain, but in the past five years, two to three cases a year have made news headlines. Based on the latest medical evidence, they advise doctors how to examine and treat a patient presenting with a dog bite.They discuss the risk of infection and when to refer to specialist care.For travelers bitten abroad, they suggest assessing the risk of rabies(狂犬病)． In terms of prevention, they suggest that children should be taught to treat dogs with respect, avoid direct eye contact, and not tease them.They should be taught not to approach an unfamiliar dog; play with any dog unless under close supervision; run or scream in the presence of a dog; pet a dog without first letting it sniff you; or disturb a dog that is eating, sleeping, or caring for puppies. “Dog owners also need to change their behavior”， says Rachel Besser, a children's doctor and lifetime dog owner, in an article. “It is clear that not all dog owners appreciate that children should not be left unsupervised with a dog”， she says.Just as some parents are obliged to take parenting classes, she would like to see compulsive classes for expectant dog owners to teach them about the responsibilities of dog ownership.Educational programs are also needed to teach children about some precautionary behaviors around dogs. Finally, she would like to see vets advising dog owners about bite prevention, and doctors promoting bite prevention when treating patients who have been bitten by dogs. 16．Dog biting studied by the experts is a problem ________. A．that doctors dealing with dog bites should pay attention to B．happening only to a few children of the world C．only boys may meet with D．about which experts get accurate statistics from the news headlines 17．The underlined word “they” in paragraph 4 refers to “________”． A．doctors B．parents C．experts D．dog owners 18．To avoid dog bites, a child should ________. A．treat dogs with respect and direct eye contact B．approach an unfamiliar dog C．run or scream in the presence of a dog D．leave a dog feeding itself 19．What are Rachel Besser's words mainly about? A．All the dog owners would like children to be left unsupervised with a dog. B．All the dog owners have a correct behavior toward dogs. C．Not all dog owners appreciate that children should be left with dogs under supervision. D．Not all dog owners should attend classes about the responsibilities of dog ownership. 20．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．Dogs, Dangerous To Children B．Children Should Know Behaviors Around Dogs C．Doctors, Treat Dog Bites Correctly D．Never Leave Children Unsupervised With Dogs 【解析】 狗咬人，尤其是狗咬小孩的现象尤其需要引起关注，为此，需要采取一定的措施。 16. A　细节理解题。根据第一段“Their advice is part of a review aimed at doctors who deal with dog bites.” 可知，专家所研究的狗咬人的问题也应该是相关医生应给予重视的问题，故答案选 A 项。 17. C　代词指代题。第四段共有三句，其主语均为“they”，应指同样的人，根据“Based on the latest medical evidence”再结合第一段专家的讲话可推断，“他们”指研究狗咬人这一问题的专家们，故选 C 项。 18. D　细节理解题。根据第五段“They should be taught not to approach an unfamiliar dog; play with any dog unless under close supervision; run or scream in the presence of a dog; pet a dog without first letting it sniff you; or disturb a dog that is eating, sleeping, or caring for puppies.”可知，为了避免狗咬，小孩应该让狗自己吃， 而不要去打扰它，故选 D 项。 19. C　细节理解题。根据第七段“It is clear that not all dog owners appreciate that children should not be left unsupervised with a dog”可知，雷切尔医生认为，并非所有的狗的主人都认为孩子们和狗在一起的时候要有 大人的照看。由此判断选 C 项。 20. D　主旨大意题。狗咬人，尤其是狗咬小孩的现象比较严重，那么如何避免狗咬小孩呢？这才是本 文的写作重点，而只有 D 项更能说明此问题，故正确答案选 D 项。 (2012﹒安徽·阅读理解 D) Which of the following is true according to the text? A. A hot knife is used to iron the nylon. B. Children never fly kites on their own in flying lessons. C. Kite strings must not be cut in kite­fighting competitions. D. Daphne designs kites for the Big Wind Kite Factory. 69. What is different about the kite used for flying lessons?A. It has two strings. B. It is simple in design. C. It has a rainbow pattern. D. It is shaped like a diamond. 70. According to Jonathan, what do you need to have fun with kites? A. A large kite. B. Any type of kite. C. A complex structure. D. A kite that impresses others. 71. What is mainly described in the text? A. A kite factory. B. Kite­flying lessons. C. Special competitions. D．The kite­making process. 【解析】 本文讲述风筝制作工厂(the Big Wind Kite Factory)，介绍它的历史，它提供风筝制作和放风筝的课程。 68. D　细节推断题。根据第二段中 Their designs are Hawaiian themes created by Daphne.可推断是由 Daphne 设计的。 69. A　细节推断题。根据第三段中 The difference between this kite and the ones they make during the lessons is that it is a two­string controllable kite.可推断它们的区别是 It has two strings。 70. B　推理判断题。根据最后一段，Jonathan 坚持认为没有必要制作一个巨大的给人留下很深印象的 风筝，言外之意是任何类型的风筝都可以。 71. A　主旨大意题。文章从第一段风筝竞赛引出 the Big Wind Kite Factory，然后介绍它的历史，它提 供风筝制作和放风筝课程。 (2012﹒重庆·阅读理解 E) In his 1930 essay “Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren” ， John Keynes ， a famous economist, wrote that human needs fall into two classes: absolute needs, which are independent of what others have, and relative needs, which make us feel superior to our fellows. He thought that although relative needs may indeed be insatiable(无止境的), this is not true of absolute needs. Keynes was surely correct that only a small part of total spending is decided by the desire for superiority. He was greatly mistaken, however, in seeing this desire as the only source of insatiable demands. Decisions to spend are also driven by ideas of quality which can influence the demand for almost all goods, including even basic goods like food. When a couple goes out for an anniversary dinner, for example, the thought of feeling superior to others probably never comes to them. Their goal is to share a special meal that stands out from other meals. There are no obvious limits to the escalation of demands for quality. For example, Porsche, a famous car producer, has a model which was considered perhaps the best sports car on the market. Priced at over $120,000, it handles perfectly well and has great speed acceleration. But in 2004, the producer introduced some changes which made the model slightly better in handling and acceleration. People who really care about cars find these small improvements exciting. To get them, however, they must pay almost four times the price. By placing the desire to be superior to others at the heart of his description of insatiable demands, Keynes actually reduced such demands. However, the desire for higher quality has no natural limits. 72. According to the passage, John Keynes believed that________. A. desire is the root of both absolute and relative needs B. absolute needs come from our sense of superiority C. relative needs alone lead to insatiable demands D. absolute needs are stronger than relative needs 73. What do we know about the couple in Paragraph 3? A. They want to show their superiority. B. They find specialty important to meals. C. Their demands for food are not easily satisfied. D. Their choice of dinner is related to ideas of quality. 74. What does the underlined word “escalation” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Understanding. B. Increase. C. Difference. D. Study. 75. The author of the passage argues that ________. A. absolute needs have no limits B. demands for quality are not insatiable C．human desires influence ideas of quality D. relative needs decide most of our spending 【解析】 本文就人的需要的分类进行了论述。作者首先叙述了对 John Keynes 观点的部分认同，但其后则是对 其观点的批驳。该文作者认为，人的需要在很大程度上是对质量的无尽追求。 72. C　细节理解题。短文第一段最后一句说明 John Keynes 需要论的观点：相对需要是无止境的。 73. D　推理判断题。从该段第一句可知作者在该段一再强调的是质量需求的重要性。这对夫妇在外面 就餐庆祝结婚周年即体现了对该顿晚餐的选择与对其质量的要求相关。 74. B　词义猜测题。从该段材料对保时捷的改进及人们对此改进趋之若鹜的追求来看，人们对质量需 求是不断提高的。因此可断定该词含义为“提高”。 75. A　推理判断题。第一段对 John Keynes 关于 absolute needs 的观点进行了肯定和质疑，而下文提出 质量需求是无止境的。该题主要说明作者对 John Keynes 关于 relative needs 是无止境的论断的质疑。干扰 最大的是 B 选项，该观点是作者的观点，而不是被质疑的观点。该题题干中的 argue 在此是“质疑和争辩” 的意思。 (2012﹒天津·阅读理解 D) You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or a creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They” did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. “They” are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing (内化) your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others. Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don't let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don't blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred (神圣的) moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth. Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish (沉溺) in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause others—and even themselves—to feel like victims, too. Creators consciously choose love, inspiration, and other qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around them. Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives. In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life. In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have a fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are. 51. What does the word “They” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to? A. People and things around you. B. Opportunities and problems. C. Creators and their choices. D. Victims and their sufferings. 52. According to Paragraph 2, creators ________. A. seem willing to experience failures in life B. possess the ability to predict future life C. handle ups and downs of life wisely D. have potential to create something new 53. What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A. Creators and victims face quite different things in life. B. Creators and victims are masters of their lives. C. Victims can influence more people than creators. D. Compared with victims, creators are more emotional. 54. The examples mentioned in Paragraph 4 show that ________. A. strong attachment to sufferings in life pulls people into victims B. people need family support to deal with challenges in life C. it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their pains D. one's experiences determine his attitude toward life 55. What is the author's purpose in writing this passage? A. To define victims and creators. B. To evaluate victims against creators. C. To explain the relationship between victims and creators. D. To suggest the transformation from victims to creators. 【解析】 “a victim”和 “a creator”拥有不同的生活方式。“a victim”生活在一个寒冷、痛苦的世界中；而“a creator”生活在一个积极向上、能够掌握自己生活命运的世界中。作者建议应从“a victim”转变成 “a creator”。 51. A　词义猜测题。根据第一段后半部分可知答案。 52. C　推理判断题。由第二段可知答案。 53. B　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句 “Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives.”可知答案。 54. A　推理判断题。根据此段中的 “…may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime”可知答案。 55. D　主旨大意题。根据最后一段可知答案。 (2012﹒四川·阅读理解 A) On a hill 600 feet above the surrounding land, we watch the lines of rain move across the scene, the moon rise over the hills, and the stars appear in the sky. The views invite a long look from a comfortable chair in front of the wooden house. Every window in our wooden house has a view, and the forest and lakes seldom look the same as the hour before. Each look reminds us where we are. There is space for our three boys to play outside, to shoot arrows, collect tree seeds, build earth houses and climb trees. Our kids have learned the names of the trees, and with the names have come familiarity and appreciation. As they tell all who show even a passing interest, maple(枫树)makes the best fighting sticks and white pines are the best climbing trees. The air is clean and fresh. The water from the well has a pleasant taste, and it is perhaps the healthiest water our kids will ever drink. Though they have one glass a day of juice and the rest is water, they never say anything against that. The_seasons_change_just_outside_the_door. We watch the maples turn every shade of yellow and red in the fall and note the poplars’(杨树) putting out the first green leaves of spring. The rainbow smelt fills the local stream as the ice gradually disappears, and the wood frogs start to sing in pools after being frozen for the winter. A family of birds rules our skies and flies over the lake.41. What can be learned from Paragraph 2? A．The scenes are colorful and changeable. B．There are many windows in the wooden house. C．The views remind us that we are in a wooden house. D．The lakes outside the windows are quite different in color. 42. By mentioning the names of the trees, the author aims to show that ________. A．the kids like playing in trees B．the kids are very familiar with trees C．the kids have learned much knowledge D．the kids find trees useful learning tools 43. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean? A．The change of seasons is easily felt. B．The seasons make the scenes change. C．The weather often changes in the forest. D．The door is a good position to enjoy changing seasons. 44. What is the main purpose of the author writing the text? A．To describe the beauty of the scene around the house. B．To introduce her children’s happy life in the forest. C．To show that living in the forest is healthful. D．To share the joy of living in the nature. 【解析】 本文为记叙文，描述了作者与家人身居大自然中的切身感受。文章主要展示了作者居住环境的优美和 在此美景中生活的惬意。 41. A　推理判断题。本段中提到，每面窗户都会有一幅不同的风景，森林和湖泊与一小时之前所见到 的都不一样。据此可知，作者身居的环境是多彩和变化的。故选 A。 42. C　推理判断题。根据第四段话中“Our kids have learned the names of the trees…As they tell all…white pines are the best climbing trees.”可知孩子们已经了解了周围环境包括树在内的很多知识。故答 案选 C。 43. A　推理判断题。根据本段对于周围大自然的变化的描述可知，作者身处此地，能够很容易地感觉 到季节的变换。故答案为 A。 44. D　推理判断题。此题推测文章的写作目的。通读全文，不难了解，作者是与读者分享身居大自然 中的快乐生活。故答案为 D。 (2012﹒上海·阅读理解 C) Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress­related disorders. Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same “fight­or­flight” reaction to stress. In other words, individuals either react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict (“fight”), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation (“flight”). However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the fight­or­flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called “tend and befriend.” That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young (“tend”), and by looking for social contact and support from others—especially other females (“befriend”)． Scientists have long known that in the fight­or­flight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones (激素) released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tend­or­befriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin, has been studied in the context of childbirth, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor, explained that “animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and less anxious.” While men also secrete (分泌) oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones. In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost. The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs. The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stress­related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The tend­and­befriend regulatory (调 节的) system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men. 72. The UCLA study shows that in response to stress, men are more likely than women to ________. A. turn to friends for help B. solve a conflict calmly C. find an escape from reality D. seek comfort from children 73. Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage? A. Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do. B. Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women. C. Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin. D. Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men. 74. What can be learned from the passage? A. Male hormones help build up the body's resistance to stress. B. In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does. C. Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress. D. The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings. 75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. How men and women get over stress B. How men and women suffer from stress C. How researchers overcome stress problems D. How researchers handle stress­related disorders 【解析】 本文主要介绍男女对压力反应的区别和原因以及如何克服压力。 72. C　细节理解题。根据第二段中 While men often react to stress in the fight­or­flight response… 和…they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation (“flight”)．可判断男人更可能从现实中逃脱出来。 73. D　细节理解题。根据第三段中…an important role is played by certain hormones(激素) released by the body.和 While men also secrete(分泌)oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.可判断，激素扮演重要 角色，但是男人也分泌 oxytocin，但是影响打折扣。 74. C　推理推断题。根据第五段中 The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work.推出在面对压力时，生理上的不同会导致行 为的差异。所以选 C。 75. A　主旨大意题。本文首先介绍男女对压力反应的区别和原因，然后谈男女如何克服压力。 (2012﹒山东·阅读理解 C) San Francisco has its cable cars. Seattle has its Space Needle. And, Longview has its squirrel bridge. The bridge, which has attracted international attention, is now a local landmark. The Nutty Narrows Bridge was built in 1963 by a local builder, Amos Peters, to give squirrels a way to cross the busy road without getting flattened by passing cars. The original bridge was built over Olympia Way on the west edge of the library grounds. Before the bridge was built, squirrels had to avoid traffic to and from the Park Plaza office building where office staff put out a nutty feast for the squirrels. Many times, Peters and others who worked in and near Park Plaza witnessed squirrels being run over. One day Peters found a dead squirrel with a nut still in its mouth, and that day's coffee break discussion turned into squirrel safety. The group of businessmen cooked up the squirrel bridge idea and formed a committee to ask the blessing of the City Council( 市 政 会 ). The Council approved, and Councilwoman Bess LaRiviere jokingly named the bridge “Nutty Narrows. ” After architects designed the bridge, Amos Peters and Bill Hutch started construction. They built the 60­foot bridge from aluminum and lengths of fire hose (消防水带). It cost $1,000. It didn't take long before reports of squirrels using the bridge started. Squirrels were even seen guiding their young and teaching_them_the_ropes. The story was picked up by the media, and Nutty Narrows became known in newspapers all over the world. In 1983, after 20 years of use, Peters took down the worn­out bridge. Repairs were made and crosspieces were replaced. The faded sign was repainted and in July 1983, hundreds of animal lovers attended the completion ceremony of the new bridge. Peters died in 1984, and a ten­foot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge in memory of its builder and his devotion to the project. 67. The Nutty Narrows Bridge was built in order to ________. A. offer squirrels a place to eat nuts B. set up a local landmark C. help improve traffic D. protect squirrels 68. What happened over the coffee break discussion? A. The committee got the Council's blessing. B. The squirrel bridge idea was born. C. A councilwoman named the bridge. D. A squirrel was found dead. 69. What does the underlined phrase “teaching them the ropes” probably mean in the text? A. Passing them a rope. B. Directing them to store food for winter. C. Teaching them a lesson. D. Showing them how to use the bridge. 70. Which of the following is true of the squirrel bridge? A. It was replaced by a longer one. B. It was built from wood and metal. C. It was rebuilt after years of use. D. It was designed by Bill Hutch. 71. What can we learn about Amos Peters? A. He is remembered for his love of animals. B. He donated $1,000 to build the bridge. C. He was a member of the City Council. D. He was awarded a medal for building the bridge. 【解析】 文章主要讲述了 Amos Peters 观察到松鼠在觅食时遇到交通带来的危险，他还看到一只死了的松鼠嘴 里还含着食物，他设想要为松鼠们设计一个能保证它们安全的桥。后来通过努力这个桥终于设计成功，并 为世界所知，引起国际的关注，成为当地的一道风景。 67. D　细节理解题。 第二段的“… to give squirrels a way to cross the busy road without getting flattened by passing cars.”看出建这座桥是为了保证松鼠的安全。故选 D。 68. B　推理判断题。题干关键词为“coffee break discussion”。由第四段“and that day's coffee break discussion turned into squirrel safety. The group of businessmen cooked up the squirrel bridge idea and formed a committee to ask the blessing of the City Council.”可以看出在此期间，建松鼠桥的想法产生了。故选 B。69. D　词义猜测题。根据本句的“Squirrels were even seen guiding their young”看出，是教小松鼠如何使 用这个桥。故选 D。 70. C　细节理解题。倒数第二段的“Repairs were made and crosspieces were replaced”看出数年之后，这 座桥得到了重修。故选 C。 71. A　推理判断题。从最后一段的 Peters died in 1984, and a ten­foot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge in memory of its builder and his devotion to the project.看出，人们在桥附近修建雕像来 纪念 Amos Peters 对动物的这份爱心。故选 A。 (2012﹒全国卷Ⅱ·阅读理解 A) Cold weather can be hard on pets, just like it can be hard on people. Sometimes owners forget that their pets are just as used to the warm shelter(住所) as they are. Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time, thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors. This can put their pets in danger of serious illness. There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe. Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad. If you have to take them out, stay outside with them. When you're cold enough to go inside, they probably are too. If you must leave them outside for a long time, make sure they have a warm, solid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty of non­frozen water. If left alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter. They can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere. Watch them closely when they are left outdoors, and provide them with shelter of good quality. Keep an eye on your pet's water. Sometimes owners don't realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet can't get anything to drink. Animals that don't have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them. 41．What do we learn about pets from Paragraph 1? A．They are often forgotten by their owners. B．They are used to living outdoors. C．They build their own shelters. D．They like to stay in warm places. 42．Why are pet owners asked to stay with their pets when they are out in cold weather? A．To know when to bring them inside. B．To keep them from eating bad food. C．To help them find shelters. D．To keep them company. 43．If pets are left on their own outdoors in cold weather, they may ________. A．run short of clean water B．dig deep holes for fun C．dirty the snow nearby D．get lost in the wild 44．What is the purpose of this text? A．To solve a problem. B．To give practical advice. C．To tell an interesting story. D．To present a research result. 【解析】 本文主要介绍在天气寒冷的时候，怎样使你的宠物又暖和又安全。宠物也喜欢待在温暖的室内。如果 需要让它们待在户外的时候，一定要多留心，给它们提供良好的住所、饮用水等。 41. D　细节理解题。结合第一段的“Sometimes owners forget that their pets are just as used to the warm shelter(住所)as they are.”可知宠物也像人们一样，喜欢待在温暖的环境中，因此选 D。A 项中的“被主人 忘记”，与原文的“忘记它们喜欢温暖的地方”不一致；B 项是人们的错误的认识；没有提到 C 项。 42. A　细节理解题。结合第二段的“When you're cold enough to go inside, they probably are too.” 可知是如果你感到冷了，这个时候你的宠物们也需要进入室内了，所以选 A。B 项“阻止它们吃坏的食物”；C 项 “帮助它们找到庇护所”；D 项“同它们作伴”，均与原文的意思不符。 43. A　细节理解题。从最后一段的“Sometimes owners don't realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet can't get anything to drink.”可知在寒冷的天气里，水会被冻住，因此宠物们可能会缺水喝。B 项中“for fun”错误；C 项“把附近的雪弄脏”；D 项“在野外迷路”，与原文信息不符。 44. B　作者意图题。作者主要是对那些养宠物的人们提出了一个具体的建议：在寒冷的天气里，怎样 照顾好他们的宠物。因此选 B。A 项“解决问题”；C 项“讲述一个有趣的故事”；D 项“呈现一个研究结 果”，与作者的意图不符。 (2012﹒全国卷Ⅱ·阅读理解 D) Make Up Your Mind to Succeed Kind­hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure. The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because “everyone's a winner.” And their report cards sounded more positive ( 正 面 的 ) than ever before. As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls them “the overpraised generation.” Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years. Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mind­sets that have a great effect on how we react to it. Here's how they work： A fixed mind­set is grounded in the belief that talent (才能) is genetic—you're a born artist, point guard, or numbers person. The fixed mind­set believes it's sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame. When things get difficult, it's quick to blame, lie, and even stay away from future difficulties. On the other hand, a growth mind­set believes that no talent is entirely heaven­sent and that effort and learning make everything possible. Because the ego(自尊) isn't on the line as much, the growth mind­set sees failure as a chance rather than shame. When faced with a difficulty, it's quick to rethink, change and try again. In fact, it enjoys this experience. We are all born with growth mind­sets. (Otherwise, we wouldn't be able to live in the world.) But parents, teachers, and instructors often push us into fixed mind­sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise. Dweck's book, Mind­set: The New Psychology of Success, and online instructional program explain this in depth. But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure. 57．What does the author think about the present generation? A．They don't do well at school. B．They are often misunderstood. C．They are eager to win in sports. D．They are given too much praise. 58．A fixed mind­set person is probably one who ________. A．doesn't want to work hard B．cares a lot about personal safety C．cannot share his ideas with others D．can succeed with the help of teachers 59．What does the growth mind­set believe? A．Admitting failure is shameful. B．Talent comes with one's birth. C．Scores should be highly valued. D．Getting over difficulties is enjoyable. 60．What should parents do for their children based on Dweck's study? A．Encourage them to learn from failures. B．Prevent them from making mistakes. C．Guide them in doing little things. D．Help them grow with praise.【解析】 本文主要介绍了两种不同的心态对待失败的态度。the fixed mind­set 和 the growth mind­set 对待失败有 着不同的认识并且会采取不同的方式来对待失败。 57. D　推理判断题。根据第一段的“As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls them ‘the overpraised generation.’”可知作者是同意这个教授的说法的，指现在的孩子们是属于被过度表 扬的一代人。A“他们在校学习不好”，B“他们经常被误会”，没有提及这个信息；C“他们渴望在比赛中 获胜”；与原文的“scores and performance were played down”“分数被看轻”这个信息矛盾。 58. A　细节理解题。从第三段的“The fixed mind­set believes it's sure to succeed without much effort…” 可知具有这种心态的人不会去努力付出。B“关注个人安全”；C“不与他人分享看法”；D“在老师的帮助 下可以成功”；均与事实不符。 59. D　细节理解题。结合第四段的“When faced with a difficulty, it's quick to rethink, change and try again.In fact, it enjoys this experience.”可知具有这种心态的人认为解决困难是一种享受。 60. A　推理判断题。Dweck 教授研究了两种对待失败的心态以及采取的不同行动，告诉了父母们应该 鼓励孩子们从失败中学习，获取经验和教训，而不是去责备他人或者逃避困难等，所以选 A。B“阻止他 们犯错误”；C“指导他们做小事”；D“用表扬来帮助他们成长”；均与事实不符。 (2012﹒辽宁·阅读理解 D) Inside the pleasingly fragrant cafe, So All May Eat(SAME) in downtown Denver, the spirit of generosity(慷 慨)is instantly noticeable: A donation box stands in place of a cash register. Customers here pay only what they can afford, no questions asked. A risky business plan, perhaps, but SAME Cafe has done one unchangeable thing in the Mile High City for six years: Open only at midday, the restaurant provides poor local people with healthy, delicious lunches six days a week. Those unable to pay for their meals can instead volunteer as waiters and waitresses, and dishwashers, or look after the buildings and equipment for the cafe. “It's based on trust, and it's working all right，” says co­owner Brad Birky, who started the cafe in 2006 with his wife Libby. Previously volunteering at soup kitchens, the Birkys were dissatisfied with the often unhealthy meals they served there. “We wanted to offer quality food in a restaurant where everyone felt comfortable, regardless of their circumstances，” Birky says. SAME's special lunch menu changes daily and most food materials are natural and grown by local farmers. The cafe now averages 65 to 70 customers (and eight volunteers) a day. And the spirit of generosity behind the project appears to be spreading. In early 2007, one volunteer who had cleared snow for his meals during the long winter said goodbye to the Birkys. “He said he was going to New Orleans to help with the hurricane cleanup，” says Birky. 68. What can we learn about the soup kitchens the Birkys previously worked for? A. They refused to have volunteers. B. They offered low quality food. C. They provided customers with a good environment. D. They closed down because of poor management. 69. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. The customers who cannot pay can work as volunteers instead. B. More volunteers will go to New Orleans for the hurricane cleanup. C. Many new cafes will be opened to offer free lunches in the town. D. The lunch menu has remained the same since the cafe was started. 70. The author's attitude towards running such a cafe is ________. A. unfavorable B. approving C. doubtful D. cautious 【解析】 本文是记叙文。在多佛有一家谁都可以进来吃饭的餐馆。这里提供捐款箱，客人可以随意捐献，并且那些穷人在这里可以以打工的方式来付饭钱。 68. B　细节理解题。从 Previously volunteering at soup kitchens, the Birkys were dissatisfied with the often unhealthy meals they served here.我们知道，以前他们提供的是质量很差的饭菜。 69. A　细节理解题。从第二段最后一句我们知道，那些无法支付饭费的人可以在这里打工。其他选项 文章中并没有提及。 70. B　观点态度题。作者在最后一段提到 And the spirit of generosity behind the project appears to be spreading，由此我们知道，作者觉得这是慷慨之举，并且这样的精神在发扬光大，因此是持赞成的态度。 (2012﹒江西·阅读理解 C) Big Brothers Big Sisters is based on the simplicity and power of friendship. It is a program which provides friendship and fun by matching vulnerable_young_people (ages 7－17)with a volunteer adult who can be both a role model and a supportive friend. Volunteer tutors come from all walks of life—married, single，with or without children. Big Brothers and Big Sisters are not replacement parents or social workers.They are tutors: someone to trust, to have fun with, to talk and go to when needed. A Big Sister and Little Sister will generally spend between one and four hours together three or four times each month for at least twelve months. They enjoy simple activities such as a picnic at a park，cooking， playing sport or going to a football match.These activities improve the friendship and help the young person develop positive self­respect，confidence and life direction. Big Brothers Big Sisters organizations exist throughout the world. It is the largest and most well­known provider of tutor services internationally and has been operating for 25 years. Emily and Sarah have been matched since March 2008. Emily is a 10­year­old girl who has experienced some difficulties being accepted by her schoolmates at school. ‘I was pretty sure there was something wrong with me.’ Emily's mum came across Big Brothers Big Sisters and thought it would be of benefit to Emily by ‘providing different feedback ( 反 馈 ) about herself other than just relying on schoolmates to measure her self­worth.’ Sarah wanted to get involved in a volunteer program. ‘I googled it and found out how to be a part of it. I thought it would be fun for me to get involved in making time to do something because sometimes it's all work and no play.’ Big Brothers Big Sisters has been of great benefit and enjoyment to both Emily and Sarah. They love and look forward to their time together and the partnership has certainly helped Emily be more comfortable in being the wonderful, happy and unique girl she is! 66. What is the aim of Big Brothers Big Sisters? A. To offer students public services. B. To help students improve their grades. C. To organize sport activities for young people. D. To provide partnership and fun for young people. 67. A volunteer is usually expected to work within a year for at least ________. A．24 hours B. 36 hours C. 48 hours D. 72 hours 68. According to Emily's mother, this program may provide Emily with ________. A. advice from her teachers B. a new way to assess herself C. a new way to judge her schoolmates D. more comments from her schoolmates 69. Why did Sarah want to get involved in the program? A. She used to be a volunteer. B. She needed a part­time job. C. She felt a bit bored with her life. D. She wanted to get a challenging job.70. According to the passage, ‘vulnerable young people’ are probably those who are ________. A. popular at school B．rather weak physically C．easily hurt emotionally D. confident in themselves 【解析】 本文为说明文。主要介绍了一个旨在帮助 7－17 岁孩子的一个叫做 Big Brothers Big Sisters 志愿者组织。 并且举例介绍了 Emily 和 Sarah 在参加这个组织后受益。 66. D　细节理解题。由第一段第二句“It is a program which provides friendship and fun by matching vulnerable young people (ages 7－17)…”可知 Big Brothers Big Sisters 这一组织的目的是为了给年轻人提供 伙伴和快乐。 67. B　细节理解题。由第三段第一句“A Big Sister and Little Sister will generally spend between one and four hours together three or four times each month for at least twelve months.”可知每次最低 1 小时乘以每个月 至少 3 次再乘以 12 个月，那么就是 36 小时了。 68. B　细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的“… providing different feedback(反馈) about herself other than just …”可知这个项目可能给 Emily 提供一种新的方法来进行自我评价。 69. C　细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“I thought it would be fun for me to get involved in making time to do something because sometimes it’s all work and no play.”可知 Sarah 觉得有时总是工作没有玩耍，所以才想 加入这个项目。 70. C　词义猜测题。由画线词所在句子 “It is a program which provides friendship and fun by matching vulnerable young people (ages 7 － 17) with a volunteer adult who can be both a role model and a supportive friend.”可知这个组织为这一部分年轻人提供友谊和欢乐，通过给他们榜样以及可支持他们的朋友来满足 他们，那么这一部分年轻人应该是指感情上容易受伤的那部分人。 (2012﹒江西·阅读理解 D) For those who make journeys across the world, the speed of travel today has turned the countries into a series of villages. Distances between them appear no greater to a modern traveler than those which once faced men as they walked from village to village. Jet planes fly people from one end of the earth to the other, allowing them a freedom of movement undreamt of a hundred years ago. Yet some people wonder if the revolution in travel has gone too far. A price has been paid, they say, for the conquest (征服) of time and distance. Travel_is_something_to_be_enjoyed,_not_endured (忍受). The boat offers leisure and time enough to appreciate the ever­changing sights and sounds of a journey. A journey by train also has a special charm about it. Lakes and forests and wild, open plains sweeping past your carriage window create a grand view in which time and distance mean nothing. On board a plane, however, there is just the blank blue of the sky filling the narrow windows of the airplane. The soft lighting, in­flight films and gentle music make up the only world you know, and the hours progress slowly. Then there is the time spent being ‘processed’ at a modern airport. People are conveyed like robots along walkways; baggage is weighed, tickets produced, examined and produced yet again before the passengers move to another waiting area. Journeys by rail and sea take longer, yes, but the hours devoted to being ‘processed’ at departure and arrival in airports are luckily absent.No wonder, then, that the modern high­speed trains are winning back passengers from the airlines. Man, however, is now a world traveler and cannot turn his back on the airplane. The working lives of too many people depend upon it; whole new industries have been built around its design and operation. The holiday­maker, too, with limited time to spend, patiently endures the busy airports and the limited space of the flight to gain those extra hours and even days, relaxing in the sun. Speed controls people's lives; time saved, in work or play, is the important thing—or so we are told. Perhaps those first horsemen, riding free across the wild, open plains, were enjoying a better world than the one we know today. They could travel at will, and the clock was not their master. 71. What does the writer try to express in Paragraph 1? A. Travel by plane has speeded up the growth of villages. B. The speed of modern travel has made distances relatively short. C. The freedom of movement has helped people realize their dreams. D. Man has been fond of traveling rather than staying in one place. 72. How does the writer support the underlined statement in Paragraph 2? A. By giving instructions. B. By analyzing cause and effect. C. By following the order of time. D. By giving examples. 73. According to Paragraph 3, passengers are turning back to modern high­speed trains because________. A. they pay less for the tickets B. they feel safer during the travel C. they can enjoy higher speed of travel D. they don't have to waste time being ‘processed’ 74. What does the last sentence of the passage mean? A. They could enjoy free and relaxing travel. B. They needed the clock to tell the time. C. They preferred traveling on horseback. D. They could travel with their master. 75. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Air travel benefits people and industries. B. Train travel has some advantages over air travel. C. Great changes have taken place in modern travel. D. The high speed of air travel is gained at a cost. 【解析】 本文为议论文。主要就当今一些人追求有速度的旅游提出了自己的看法，作者建议人们不妨不坐飞机， 改乘其他交通工具，好好欣赏人生的旅途。 71. B　主旨大意题。由第一段的一些信息，例如“…has turned the countries into a series of villages. Distances between them appear no greater to…Jet planes fly people from one end of the earth to the other…”可 知第一段主要是想表达现代旅游的速度使旅途变得相当快。 72. D　推理判断题。画线词后面介绍了乘船旅游的悠然自在以及坐火车旅游的迷人；同时，还列举了 坐飞机的缺点，由此可知作者主要通过举例的方法来支持画线句的观点。 73. D　细节理解题。本段中 “Then there is the time spent being ‘processed’ at a modern airport …” 的内容可知转向坐高铁是因为他们没有必要浪费时间走到机场的“路程”。 74. A　细节理解题。本文的最后一句提到，他们能按照自己的意愿来旅游，时钟不是他们的主人，言 外之意就是，他们能不受时间的限制，享受自由的旅游，故选 A 项。 75. D　主旨大意题。本文第一段提到了飞机旅途之快，第二、三段提到了飞机旅途不能欣赏其旅程以 及要走到机场这一路程，第四段提到了一些人还得依靠飞机旅途，但也提到这种方式不能让人充分享受旅 途的自由，综观全文可知本文主要讲述了飞机旅途的得与失。 (2012﹒江苏·阅读理解 B) Deputy Agriculture Secretary Kathleen Merrigan sees an epidemic ( 流 行 病 ) sweeping across America's farmland. It has little to do with the usual challenges, such as flood, rising fuel prices and crop­eating insects. The country's farmers are getting older, and there are fewer people standing in line to take their place. National agricultural census (普查) figures show that the fastest­growing group of farmers is the part over 65. Merrigan is afraid the average age will be even higher when the 2012 statistics are completed. Merrigan, a former college professor, is making stops at universities across the country in hopes of encouraging more students to think about careers in agriculture. Aside from trying to stop the graying of America's farmers, her work is made tougher by a recent blog posting that put agriculture at No. 1 on a list of “useless” college degrees. Top federal agriculture officials are talking about the posting, and it has the attention of agricultural organizations across the country. “There couldn't be anything that's more incorrect ， ” Merrigan said. “We know that there aren't enough qualified graduates to fill the jobs that are out there in American agriculture.” In addition, a growing world population that some experts predict will require 70% more food production by 2050, she said. “I truly believe we're at a golden age of agriculture. Global demand is at an all­time record high, and global supplies are at all­time record lows，”said Matt Rush, director of the Texas Farm Bureau. “Production costs are going to be valuable enough that younger people are going to have the opportunity to be involved in agriculture.” The Department of Agriculture has programs aimed at developing more farmers and at increasing interest in locally grown food. The National Young Farmers' Coalition has also been pushing for state and federal policy changes to make it easier for new farmers. Ryan Best, president of Future Farmers of America, has been living out of a suitcase, traveling the country and visiting with high school students about careers in agriculture. The 21­year­old Best hopes his message—that this is a new time in agriculture—will motivate the next generation to_turn_around_the_statistics. “Never before have we had the innovations (创新) in technology which have led to agriculture in this country being the most efficient it has ever been，” he said. “There's really a place for everybody to fit in.” 59. What is the new challenge to American agriculture? A. Fewer and older farmers. B. Higher fuel prices. C. More natural disasters. D. Lower agricultural output. 60. Why is Merrigan visiting universities across the country? A. To draw federal agriculture officials' attention. B. To select qualified agriculture graduates. C. To clarify a recent blog posting. D. To talk more students into farming careers. 61. According to Matt Rush, American agriculture will provide opportunities for younger people because ________. A. the government will cover production costs B. global food supplies will be even lower C. investment in agriculture will be profitable D. America will increase its food export 62. What do the underlined words “to turn around the statistics” in the last paragraph mean? A. To re­analyze the result of the national census. B. To increase agricultural production. C. To bring down the average age of farmers. D. To invest more in agriculture. 【解析】 美国的农业目前正面临农民少，年龄大的问题。从而很多专家都鼓励专业大学生从事农业生产。 59. A　信息理解题。根据第一段第三句“The country's farmers are getting older, and there are fewer people standing in line to take their place.”可知选 A。 60. D　信息理解题。根据第二段第一句“Merrigan, a former college professor, is making stops at universities across the country in hopes of encouraging more students to think about careers in agriculture.”可知 选 D。 61. C　推理判断题。根据第五段“Global demand is at an all­time record high, and global supplies are at all­time record lows”可推断 Matt Rush 认为，全球对农业的需要达到了最高，而供应则最低，故在农业 上投资肯定会获利，即选 C。 62. C　语意推测题。根据最后一段第二句“…this is a new time in agriculture—will motivate the next generation…”可推断此处表示的是“农业的新时期将会激励下一代来参与，即农民的平均年龄将会年轻化”， 故 C 项正确。(2012﹒湖北·阅读理解 A) You've just come home, after living abroad for a few years. Since you've been away, has this country changed for the better—or for the worse? If you've just arrived back in the UK after a fortnight's holiday, small changes have probably surprised you—anything from a local greengrocer suddenly being replaced by a mobile­phone shop to someone in your street moving house. So how have things changed to people coming back to Britain after seven, ten or even 15 years living abroad? What changes in society can they see that the rest of us have hardly noticed—or now take for granted? To find out, we asked some people who recently returned. Debi: When we left, Cheltenham, my home town, was a town of white, middle­class families—all very conservative(保守的). The town is now home to many eastern Europeans and lots of Australians, who come here mainly to work in hotels and tourism. There are even several shops only for foreigners. Having been an immigrant (移民) myself, I admire people who go overseas to find a job. Maybe if I lived in an inner city where unemployment was high, I'd think differently, but I believe foreign settlers have improved this country because they're more open­minded and often work harder than the natives. Christine: As we flew home over Britain, both of us remarked how green everything looked. But the differences between the place we'd left behind and the one we returned to were brought sharply into focus as soon as we landed. To see policemen with guns in the airport for the first time was frightening—in Cyprus, they're very relaxed—and I got pulled over by customs officers just for taking a woolen sweater with some metal­made buttons out of my case in the arrivals hall. Everyone seemed to be on guard. Even the airport car­hire firm wanted a credit card rather than cash because they said their vehicles had been used by bank robbers. But anyway, this is still a green, beautiful country. I just wish more people would appreciate what they've got. 51．After a short overseas holiday, people tend to ________. A．notice small changes B．expect small changes C．welcome small changes D．exaggerate small changes 52．How does Debi look at the foreign settlers? A．Cautiously. B．Positively. C．Sceptically. D．Critically. 53．When arriving at the airport in Britain, Christine was shocked by ________. A．the relaxed policemen B．the messy arrivals hall C．the tight security D．the bank robbers 54．Which might be the best title for the passage? A．Life in Britain. B．Back in Britain. C．Britain in Future. D．Britain in Memory. 【解析】 此篇涉及人们对家乡变化的关注，短期离家和长期离开家乡的人们对家乡变化的感悟是不一样的。 51．A　信息理解题。由第二段第一句…small changes have probably surprised you…可知答案。其他选 项不能根据文章得出。 52．B　推理判断题。由第五段中 but I believe foreign settlers have improved this country because…可知 B 项正确。 53．C　信息理解题。由倒数第二段第一句…policemen with guns in the airport…及最后一句…their vehicles had been used by bank robbers. 可知 C 为正确答案。 54．B　主旨大意题。第一段即为全文的主旨段，从全文也可看出文章讲的是离开家乡一段时间再回 来，人们便会感知家乡的变化。 (2012﹒湖北·阅读理解 B) When my brother and I were young, my mom would take us on Transportation Days. It goes like this: You can't take any means of transportation more than once. We would start from home, walking two blocks to the rail station. We'd take the train into the city center, then a bus, switching to the train, then maybe a taxi. We always considered taking a horse carriage in the historic district, but we didn't like the way the horses were treated, so we never did. At the end of the day, we took the subway to our closest station, where Mom's friend was waiting to give us a ride home—our first car ride of the day. The good thing about Transportation Days is not only that Mom taught us how to get around. She was born to be multimodal (多方式的). She understood that depending on cars only was a failure of imagination and, above all, a failure of confidence—the product of a childhood not spent exploring subway tunnels. Once you learn the route map and step with certainty over the gap between the train and the platform, nothing is frightening anymore. New cities are just light­rail lines to be explored. And your personal car, if you have one, becomes just one more tool in the toolbox—and often an inadequate one, limiting both your mobility and your wallet. On Transportation Days, we might stop for lunch on Chestrut Street or buy a new book or toy, but the transportation was the point. First, it was exciting enough to watch the world speed by from the train window. As I got older, my mom helped me unlock the mysteries that would otherwise have paralyzed my first attempts to do it myself: How do I know where to get off? How do I know how much it costs? How do I know when I need tickets, and where to get them? What track, what line, which direction, where's the stop, and will I get wet when we go under the river? I'm writing this right now on an airplane, a means we didn't try on our Transportation Days and, we now know, the dirtiest and most polluting of them all. My flight routed me through Philadelphia. My multimodal mom met me for dinner in the airport. She took a train to meet me. 55．Which was forbidden by Mom on Transportation Days? A．Having a car ride. B．Taking the train twice. C．Buying more than one toy. D．Touring the historic district. 56．According to the writer, what was the greatest benefit of her Transportation Days? A．Building confidence in herself. B．Reducing her use of private cars. C．Developing her sense of direction. D．Giving her knowledge about vehicles. 57．The underlined word “paralyzed”(in Para.5) is closest in meaning to “________”． A．displayed B．justified C．ignored D．ruined 58．Which means of transportation does the writer probably disapprove of? A．Airplane. B．Subway. C．Train. D．Car. 【解析】 此篇讲述了作者乘车的经历，折射出西方父母注意让孩子从小就接触和了解社会，从而培养孩子认识问题和解决问题的 能力。 55．B　信息理解题。由第二段第一句 It goes like this：You can't take any means of transportation more than once.可知 B 项中 twice 不可以做，所以 B 项正确。 56．A　推理判断题。由第三段中 The good thing about Transportation Days is not only…She understood that depending on cars …above all, a failure of confidence…可知 A 为正确答案。 57．D　词意猜测题。paralyze 使不能正常工作，此处根据句意为“破坏，毁坏”。母亲帮“我”解开其中的奥秘，否则“我”当初的尝试会遭到破坏。由后面的几个问句即可得出其情景意义。其他选项不符合句意。 58．A　信息理解题。最后一段的 on an airplane, …we now know, the dirtiest and most polluting of them all.可知 A 正确。 (2012﹒湖北·阅读理解 D) How is it that siblings(兄弟姐妹) can turn out so differently? One answer is that in fact each sibling grows up in_a_different_family. The firstborn is, for a while, an only child, and therefore has a completely different experience of the parents than those born later. The next child is, for a while, the youngest, until the situation is changed by a new arrival. The mother and father themselves are changing and growing up too. One sibling might live in a stable and close family in the first few years; another might be raised in a family crisis, with a disappointed mother or an angry father. Sibling competition was identified as an important shaping force as early as in 1918. But more recently, researchers have found many ways in which brothers and sisters are a lasting force in each others' lives. Dr. Annette Henderson says firstborn children pick up vocabulary more quickly than their siblings. The reason for this might be that the later children aren't getting the same one­on­one time with parents. But that doesn't mean that the younger children have problems with language development. Later­borns don't enjoy that much talking time with parents, but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sisters, learning entire phrases and getting an understanding of social concepts such as the difference between “I” and “me”． A Cambridge University study of 140 children found that siblings created a rich world of play that helped them grow socially. Love­hate relationships were common among the children. Even those siblings who fought the most had just as much positive communication as the other sibling pairs. One way children seek more attention from parents is by making themselves different from their siblings, particularly if they are close in age. Researchers have found that the first two children in a family are typically more different from each other than the second and third. Girls with brothers show their differences to a maximum degree by being more feminine than girls with sisters. A 2003 research paper studied adolescents from 185 families over two years, finding that those who changed to make themselves different from their siblings were successful in increasing the amount of warmth they gained from their parents. 63．The underlined part “in a different family” (in Para. 1) means “________”． A．in a different family environment B．in a different family tradition C．in different family crises D．in different families 64．In terms of language development, later­borns ________. A．get their parents' individual guidance B．learn a lot from their elder siblings C．experience a lot of difficulties D．pick up words more quickly 65．What was found about fights among siblings? A．Siblings hated fighting and loved playing. B．Siblings in some families fought frequently. C．Sibling fights led to bad sibling relationships. D．Siblings learned to get on together from fights. 66．The word “feminine” (in Para. 4) means “________”． A．having qualities of parents B．having qualities of women C．having defensive qualities D．having extraordinary qualities 【解析】 此篇是关于同一家庭里不同子女的成长情况和兄弟姐妹之间相互影响的调查报告。从中我们可以看出 即使生活在同一个家庭里，兄弟姐妹成长的环境也不尽相同，他们既有区别，又相互影响。 63．A　推理判断题。由划线部分下文可知，同一家庭里的兄弟姐妹由于成长的时空背景不尽相同，所以虽然他们生活在同一屋檐下，但家里的人文环境是在变化的，所以 A 正确。 64．B　信息理解题。根据第二段中的…but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sisters… 可知 B 项正确。 65．D　信息理解题。由第三段最后一句可知 D 项正确。 66．B　词意猜测题。由划线词的上下文可知，有兄弟的女孩比只有姐妹的女孩更有女子气质。所以 B 是正确答案。 (2012﹒广东·阅读理解 A) “Have a nice day！” may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression. When my friend Maxie says “Have a nice day” with a smile, I know she sincerely cares about what happens to me. I feel loved and secure since another person cares about me and wishes me well. “Have a nice day. Next！” This version of the expression is spoken by a salesgirl at the supermarket who is rushing me and my groceries out the door. The words come out in the same tone (腔调) with a fixed procedure. They_are_spoken_at_me,_not_to_me. Obviously, the concern for my day and everyone else's is the management's attempt to increase business. The expression is one of those behaviors that help people get along with each other.Sometimes it indicates the end of a meeting. As soon as you hear it, you know the meeting is at an end. Sometimes the expression saves us when we don't know what to say. “Oh, you just had a tooth out? I'm terribly sorry, but have a nice day. ” The expression can be pleasant. If a stranger says “Have a nice day” to you, you may find it heart­warming because someone you don't know has tried to be nice to you. Although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is a little uninteresting. The salesgirl, the waitress, the teacher, and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But in a strange and comfortable way, it's nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really don't care all that much. While the expression may not often be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like. 26. How does the author understand Maxie's words? A．Maxie shows her anxiety to the author. B．Maxie really wishes the author a good day. C．Maxie encourages the author to stay happy. D．Maxie really worries about the author's security. 27. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean? A．The salesgirl is rude. B．The salesgirl is bored. C．The salesgirl cares about me. D．The salesgirl says the words as a routine. 28. By saying “Have a nice day，” a stranger may ________. A．try to be polite to you B．express respect to you C．give his blessing to you D．share his pleasure with you 29. According to the last paragraph, people say “Have a nice day” ________. A．sincerely B．as thanks C．as a habit D．encouragingly 30. What is the best title of the passage? A．Have a Nice Day — a Social Custom B．Have a Nice Day — a Pleasant Gesture C．Have a Nice Day — a Heart­warming Greeting D．Have a Nice Day — a Polite Ending of a Conversation 【解析】 这是一篇描述人际关系的文章。主要介绍“Have a nice day！”这一习语，它是人与人之间见面打招 呼的用语。 26. B　细节理解题。根据第一段的 I know she sincerely cares about what happens to me. I feel loved and secure since another person cares about me and wishes me well.看出作者的朋友在祝福作者一天心情愉快。故 选 B。 27. D　句义猜测题。根据本段的 The words come out in the same tone with a fixed procedure.和 Obviously, the concern for my day and everyone else’s is the management’s attempt to increase business.猜出这 是销售人员的日常用语。故选 D。 28. A 　 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 四 段 If a stranger says “Have a nice day” to you, you may find it heart­warming because someone you don’t know has tried to be nice to you.看出陌生人对你是友好的，表现出 他的礼貌。故选 A。 29. C　细节理解题。由最后一段的第一句(特别是 custom 一词)和最后两句(While the expression may not often be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like.)可知，人们常 说 “Have a nice day”，已成为一种习惯了。 30. A　主旨大意题。由最后一段，特别是该段的第一句可知。 (2012﹒广东·阅读理解 D) Sports account for a growing amount of income made on the sales of commercial time by television companies. Many television companies have used sports to attract viewers from particular sections of the general public, and then they have sold audiences to advertisers. An attraction of sport programs for the major U. S. media companies is that events are often held on Saturday and Sunday afternoons—the slowest time periods of the week for general television viewing. Sport events are the most popular weekend programs, especially among male viewers who may not watch much television at other times during the week. This means the television networks are able to sell advertising time at relatively high prices during what normally would be dead time for programming. Media corporations also use sports to attract commercial sponsors that might take their advertising dollars elsewhere if television stations did not report certain sports. The people in the advertising departments of major corporations realize that sports attract male viewers. They also realize that most business travelers are men and that many men make family decisions on the purchases of computers, cars and life insurance. Golf and tennis are special cases for television programming. These sports attract few viewers, and the ratings ( 收 视 率 ) are unusually low. However, the audience for these sports is attractive to certain advertisers. It is made up of people from the highest income groups in the United States, including many lawyers and business managers. This is why television reporting of golf and tennis is sponsored by companies selling high­priced cars, business and personal computers, and holiday trips. This is also why the networks continue to carry these programs regardless of low ratings. Advertisers are willing to pay high fees to reach high­income consumers and those managers who make decisions to buy thousands of “company cars” and computers. With such viewers, these programs don't need high ratings to stay on the air. 41. Television sport programs on weekend afternoons ________. A．result in more sport events B．get more viewers to play sports C．make more people interested in television D．bring more money to the television networks 42. Why would weekend afternoons become dead time without sport programs? A．Because there would be few viewers. B．Because the advertisers would be off work. C．Because television programs would go slowly. D．Because viewers would pay less for watching television. 43. In many families, men make decisions on ________. A．holiday trips B．sports viewing C．television shopping D．expensive purchases 44. The ratings are not important for golf and tennis programs because ________. A．their advertisers are carmakers B．their viewers are attracted by sports C．their advertisers target at rich people D．their viewers can afford expensive cars 45. What is the passage mainly about? A．Television ratings are determined by male viewers. B．Rich viewers contribute most to television companies. C．Sports are gaining importance in advertising on television. D．Commercial advertisers are the major sponsors of sport events. 【解析】 本文讲述的是通过在星期六和星期日的下午播放一些电视节目来吸引那些高收入的人来看，给广告带 来了极大的效益。说明体育在电视广告中起着很重要的作用。 41. D　细节理解题。由文章的“Sports account for a growing amount of income made on the sales of commercial time by television companies.”看出在这个时段做体育广告会给电视台赚很多的钱。故选 D。 42. A　细节理解题。从第二段看出在这个时段看电视人很少，所以是 dead time。故选 A。 43. D　细节理解题。从第三段…many men make family decisions on the purchases of computers, cars and life insurance.看出在美国家庭男士在购买贵重物品上做决定。故选 D。 44. C　细节理解题。根据第四段的内容“…However, the audience for these sports is attractive to certain advertisers. It is made up of people from the highest income groups…”可推知不是为了让他们看高尔夫这些运 动的，而是为了吸引这些高收入的人。也就是说“他们面对的都是一些富人”。故选 C。 45. C　主旨大意题。文章开篇点题，讲的是通过在星期六和星期日的下午播放一些电视节目来吸引 那些高收入的人来看，给广告带来了极大的效益。说明体育在电视广告中起着很重要的作用。故选 C。 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项。 (2012﹒福建·阅读理解 A) Some people believe that a Robin Hood is at work, others that a wealthy person simply wants to distribute his or her fortune before dying. But the donator who started sending envelopes with cash to deserving causes, accompanied by an article from the local paper, has made a northern German city believe in fairytales(童话)． The first envelope was sent to a victim support group. It contained 10,000 with a cutting from the Braunschweiger Zeitung about how the group supported a woman who was robbed of her handbag; similar plain white anonymous(匿名) envelopes, each containing 10,000, then arrived at a kindergarten and a church. The envelops keep coming, and so far at least 190, 000 has been distributed. Last month, one of them was sent to the newspaper's own office. It came after a story it published about Tom, a 14­year­old boy who was severely disabled in a swimming accident. The receptionist at the Braunschweiger Zeitung opened an anonymous white envelope to find 20 notes of 500 inside, with a copy of the article.The name of the family was underlined. “I was driving when I heard the news，”Claudia Neumann, the boy's mother, told Der Spiegel magazine.“I had to park on the side of the road; I was speechless.” The money will be used to make the entrance to their house wheelchair­accessible and for a course of treatment that their insurance company refused to pay for. “For someone to act so selflessly, for this to happen in such a society in which everyone thinks of himself, was astonishing ， ” Mrs.Neumann said. Her family wonder whether the donator is a Robin Hood character, taking from banks to give to the needy. Henning Noske, the editor of the Braunschweiger Zeitung, said：“Maybe it is an old person who is about to die. We just do not know.”However, he has told his reporters not to look for the city's hero, for fear that discovery may stop the donations. 56．The Braunschweiger Zeitung is the name of ________. A．a church B．a bank C．a newspaper D．a magazine 57．Which of the following is TRUE about the donation to Tom? A．The donation amounted to 190, 000. B．The donation was sent directly to his house. C．The money will be used for his education. D．His mother felt astonished at the donation. 58．It can be inferred from the passage that ________. A．the donator is a rich old man B．the donation will continue to come C．the donation comes from the newspaper D．the donator will soon be found out 59．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Money Is Raised by the Newspaper B．Newspaper Distributes Money to the Needy C．Unknown Hero Spreads Love in Envelopes D．Robin Hood Returns to the City 【解析】 本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了城市英雄以匿名信封的形式在经济上帮助需要帮助的人。 56. C　推理判断题。从第一段“But the donator who started sending envelopes with cash to deserving causes, accompanied by an article from the local paper”和第二段“with a cutting from the Braunschweiger Zeitung” 可推出 Braunschweiger Zeitung 是当地一家报纸。 57. D　细节理解题。从倒数第二段 Tom 的妈妈所说的话可知答案。 58. B　推理判断题。从最后一段“he has told his reporters not to look for the city’s hero, for fear that discovery may stop the donations.”可知捐赠还会继续。 59. C　主旨大意题。本文介绍了城市英雄以匿名信封的形式在经济上帮助需要帮助的人。 (2012﹒陕西·阅读理解 D) Spring is coming, and it is time for those about to graduate to look for jobs. Competition is tough, so job seekers must carefully consider their personal choices. Whatever we are wearing, our family and friends may accept us, but the workplace may not. A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos(纹身), nose rings, or certain dress styles. It is true you can't judge a book by its cover, yet people do “cover” themselves in order to convey(传递)certain messages. What we wear, including tattoos and nose rings, is an expression of who we are. Just as people convey messages about themselves with their appearances, so do companies. Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what customers accept. Others may say how to dress is a matter of personal freedom, but for businesses it is more about whether to make or lose money. Most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees(雇员)， because those people represent the companies to their customer. As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers. There are plenty of well­qualified candidates, so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my customers. Even though I am open­minded, I can't expect all our customers are. There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer. No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply because he or she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal. 57．Which of the following is the newspaper editor's opinion according to Paragraph 2? A．People's appearances carry messages about themselves. B．Customers' choices influence dress standards in companies. C．Candidates with tattoos or nose rings should be fairly treated. D．Strange dress styles should not be encouraged in the workplace. 58．What can be inferred from the text? A．Candidates have to wear what companies prefer for an interview. B．What to wear is not a matter of personal choice for companies. C．Companies sometimes have to change to respect their candidates. D．Hiring managers make the best impression on their candidates. 59．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．Employees Matter B．Personal Choices Matter C．Appearances Matter D．Hiring Managers Matter 60．The author's attitude towards strange dress styles in the workplace may best be described as________. A．enthusiastic B．negative C．positive D．sympathetic 【解析】 又是一年毕业季，很多大学毕业生又要开始为寻找一份可以赖以生存的工作而奔忙了，但是，影响就 业成功的因素很多，其中有一点就是面试时的着装。 57．C　推理判断题。根据第二段的首句可知报纸编辑认为有纹身或戴鼻环去面试的人应该受到公平 的对待，故本题选 C。 58．B　推理判断题。通读第三段可知本文作者的意思是：员工的穿着不再是员工的私人问题，而是 影响到公司的声誉和发展的大问题。选 B。 59．C　主旨大意题。本文大意是关于员工的着装问题，故本题选 C。 60．B　作者意图题。根据本文后两段可知，作者不赞成员工着奇装异服，即作者的态度是“否定 的”，故选 B。 (2014﹒福建·阅读理解 D) Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness with more money. Strange as it may seem, if you're unsatisfied, the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desires—not that you cannot satisfy your tastes but that you don't have enough tastes. Real riches consist of well­developed and hearty capacities(能力) to enjoy life. Most people are already swamped( 淹 没 ) with things. They eat, wear, go and talk too much. They_live_in_too_big_a_house_with_too_many_rooms,_yet_their_house_of_life_is_a_hut. Your house of life ought to be a mansion(豪宅), a royal palace. Every new taste, every additional interest, every fresh enthusiasm adds a room. Here are several rooms your house of life should have. Art should be a desire for you to develop simply because the world is full of beautiful things. If you only understood how to enjoy them and feed your spirit on them, they would make you as happy as to find plenty of ham and eggs when you're hungry. Literature, classic literature, is a beautiful, richly furnished room where you might find many an hour of rest and refreshment. To gain that love would go towards making you a rich person, for a rich person is not someone who has a library but who likes a library.Music like Mozart's and Bach's shouldn't be absent. Real riches are of the spirit. And when you've brought that spirit up to where classical music feeds it and makes you a little drunk, you have increased your thrills and bettered them. And life is a matter of thrills. Sports, without which you remain poor, mean a lot in life. No matter who you are, you would be more human, and your house of life would be better supported against the bad days, if you could, and did, play a bit. Whatever rooms you might add to your house of life, the secret of enjoying life is to keep adding. 68．The author intends to tell us that________． A．true happiness lies in achieving wealth by fair means B．big houses are people's most valued possessions C．big houses can in a sense bring richness of life D．true happiness comes from spiritual riches 69．The underlined sentence in the second paragraph probably implies that________． A．however materially rich, they never seem to be satisfied B．however materially rich, they remain spiritually poor C．though their house is big, they prefer a simple life D．though their house is big, it seems to be a cage 70．It can be learned from the passage that ________． A．more money brings more happiness B．art is needed to make your house beautiful C．literature can enrich your spiritual life D．sports contribute mainly to your physical fitness 71．What would be the best title for the passage? A．House of life B．Secret of wealth C．Rest and refreshment D．Interest and enthusiasm 【解析】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。本文通过分析、分类比较说明了幸福感更多地来源于精神世界的丰富 和充实而非较好的物质条件。 68．D　推理判断题。综合全文，尤其是第二段第一句“Real riches consist of…to enjoy life.”、第三段 以及第四段中的“…feed your spirit on them…”可知 D 项正确。 69．B　推理判断题。综合画线句子所在的第二段可知，绝大多数人的物质家园、生活条件非常好而 他们的精神家园却很贫瘠、空虚。故选择 B 项。 70．C　推理判断题。根据第五段可知，文学可以充实、丰富人的精神生活。故选择 C 项。 71．A　主旨大意题。综合全文可知，本文是围绕着人们该怎样建设自己的精神家园展开分析、说明 的，故最佳标题应为 A 项。 (2014﹒江西·阅读理解 D) Everyone looks forward to progress, whether in one's personal life or in the general society. Progress indicates a person's ability to change the way he is living at the moment. Progress must lead to a better life and a better way of doing things. All these, however, remain true only in so far as people want to accept technology and move forwards by finding new and more efficient ways of doing things.However, at the back of the minds of many people, especially those who miss the “good old days” ， efficiency_comes_with_a_price. When communication becomes more efficient, people are able to contact one another no matter where they are and at whatever time they wish to. The click of a button allows people miles apart to talk or to see each other without even leaving their homes. With the communication gadgets,_such as mobile phones and iPads, people often do not take the effort to visit one another personally.A personal visit carries with it the additional feature of having to be in the person's presence for as long as the visit lasts. We cannot unnecessarily excuse ourselves or turn the other person off. With efficiency also comes mass production.Such is the nature of factories and the success of industrialization today.Factories and have improved efficiency. Unskilful tasks are left to machines and products are better made and produced with greater accuracy than any human hand could ever have done. However, with the improvements in efficiency also comes the loss of the personal touch when making these products. For example, many handicrafts(手工艺品) are now produced in a factory. Although this means that supply is better able to increase demand, now that the supply is quick and efficient, the demand might fall because mass production lowers the quality of the handicraft and it is difficult to find unique designs on each item. Nevertheless, we must not commit the mistake of analysing progress only from one point of view. In fact, progress has allowed tradition to keep up. It is only with progress and the invention of new technology that many old products can be brought back to their old state. New technology is required for old products to stay old. It is people's attitude towards progress that causes the type of influence that technology has on society. Technology is flexible. There is no fixed way of making use of it. Everything depends on people's attitude. The worst effects of progress will fall on those who are unable to rethink their attitudes and views of society. When we accept progress and adapt it to suit our needs, a new “past” is created. 70. According to Paragraph 1, progress can benefit people when they are willing to ________． A. live a better life B. look for better methods C. change ways of living D. accept technology and advance steadily 71. The underlined word “gadgets” is closest in meaning to “________”． A. tools B. messages C. barriers D. skills 72. The author explains “efficiency comes with a price” by ________. A. describing a process B. using examples C. following time order D. making classification 73. Compared with home­made handicrafts, machine­made products ________． A. lack great accuracy B. lack the personal touch C. are of high value D. are quite welcome 74. What can be learned about technology from Paragraph 4? A. It can destroy old traditions. B. It can lead to social progress. C. It can be used to correct mistakes. D. It can be used to preserve old products. 75. What can be concluded from the last paragraph? A. Progress can suit the needs of daily life. B. People review the past with great regret. C. Technology should be introduced in a fixed way. D. People's attitude decides the use of technology. 【解析】 本文为一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了对进步的看法。作者认为进步有利有弊，但是不管怎样，人们 对进步的态度决定技术的使用。 70. D　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“…people want to accept technology and move forwards by finding new and more efficient ways of doing things.”可知，当人们想要接受技术并前进时，进步才是有利的。 71. A　词义猜测题。根据后面的例子 mobile phones 和 iPads 可猜出 gadget 指的是交流的工具。 72. B　推理判断题。画线句后作者主要是通过举例来说明一些进步在交流方面带来的不利之处，故选 B 项。 73. B　细节理解题。根据第三段第五句“However, with the improvements in efficiency also comes the loss of the personal touch when making these products.”可知，机器使得产品缺乏个人接触；根据第四句“… produced with greater accuracy…”可知 A 项错误；根据最后一句“…the demand might fall because mass production lowers the quality…”可知 C、D 错误。 74. D　推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“New technology is required for old products to stay old.”可知， 新技术应该能用于保存旧的产品。 75. D　推理判断题。根据最后一段“It is people's attitude towards progress that causes the type of influence that technology has on society…There is no fixed way of making use of it. Everything depends on people's attitude.”可知，人们的态度决定技术的使用，故选 D 项。 (2014﹒全国新课标Ⅰ·阅读理解 D) As more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6，000～7，000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century, according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)． In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations—UNESCO and National Geographic among them—have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect. Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Centre, Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that_tradition. His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal. Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record. At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials—including photographs, films, tape recordings, and field notes—which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection. Now, through the two organizations that he has founded —the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project—Turin has started a campaign to make such documents, found in libraries and stores around the world, available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet, Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities. 32. Many scholars are making efforts to ________． A. promote global languages B. rescue disappearing languages C. search for language communities D. set up language research organizations 33. What does “that tradition” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. Having full records of the languages. B. Writing books on language teaching. C. Telling stories about language users. D. Living with the native speakers. 34. What is Turin's book based on? A. The cultural studies in India. B. The documents available at Yale. C. His language research in Bhutan. D. His personal experience in Nepal. 35. Which of the following best describes Turin's work? A. Write, sell and donate. B. Record, repair and reward. C. Collect, protect and reconnect. D. Design, experiment and report. 【解析】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了学者们正在努力记录濒临消失的语言和文化，以挽救这些语言和文 化。耶鲁大学的科学家 Mark Turin 专门研究喜马拉雅山脉的语言和口述传统，并根据他自己在尼泊尔一个 村庄的生活经历写了一本书。他不只是满足于把这些语言在灭绝前记录下来，他还要把它们挽救下来，和 使用某种语言的社区进行重新连接。 32. B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In an effort to prevent language loss…”可知，许多学者正在努 力记录濒临消失的语言和文化，以挽救这些语言和文化。故选 B。 33. A　词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.”可知 Mark Turin 对这些语言做的是全面的记录。故选 A。 34. D 　 推 理 判 断 题 。 根 据 第 三 段 的 “His recently published book, A Grammer of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience living, working and raising a family in a village in Nepal.”可知，他的书是根据他在尼泊尔一个村庄的生活经历写的。故选 D。 35. C　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“…generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected.”和“…Turin notes，the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.”可知，Turin 的作品是从最初的材料上进行的收集，且其作品使濒临危险的语言得到了保护，并且与使用某种语言的社区重新连接。故选 C。 (2014﹒全国新课标Ⅱ·阅读理解 C) One of the latest trends(趋势) in American childcare is Chinese au pairs. Au Pair in Stamford, Conn, for example, has got increasing numbers of requests for Chinese au pairs from zero to around 4，000 since 2004. And that's true all across the country. “I thought it would be useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age，” Joseph Stocke, the managing director of a company, says of his 2­year­old son. “I would at least like to give him the chance to use the language in the future.” After only six months of being cared for by a 25­year­old woman from China, the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions, his dad says. Li Drake, a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband, had another reason for looking for an au pair from China: she didn't want her children to miss out on their roots.“Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to(接触) the language and culture，” she says. “Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom，” says Suzanne Flynn, a professor in language education of children.“But parents must understand that just one year with an au pair is unlikely to produce wonders. Complete mastery demands continued learning until the age of 10 or 12.” The popularity of au pairs from China has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children to learn Chinese. It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years. 29. What does the term “au pair” in the text mean? A. A mother raising her children on her own. B. A child learning a foreign language at home. C. A professor in language education of children. D. A young foreign women taking care of children. 30. Li Drake has her children study Chinese because she wants them ________． A. to live in China some day B. to speak the language at home C. to catch up with other children D. to learn about the Chinese culture 31. What can we infer from the text? A. Learning Chinese is becoming popular in America. B. Educated women do better in looking after children. C. Chinese au pairs need to improve their English skills. D. Children can learn a foreign language well in six months. 【解析】 本文介绍了美国出现的一个新的趋势：为孩子找一个中国保姆，这可以让孩子从小接触中文，了解中 国文化。 29. D　推理判断题。 根据第二段 Joseph 请了一位 25 岁的女士照顾他两岁的儿子以便儿子学习汉语， 以及第三段一位生于中国的母亲让自己的两个孩子接触汉语和中国文化，和第四段一位语言教育学教授提 到“通过和说母语的人在一起来学习语言比在教室里学习好”等信息可知，au pair 指的是负责照顾孩子的 外国女子。 30. D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“‘Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to(接触) the language and culture，’she says.”可知她这样做的目的是让孩子们了解中国的文 化。 31. A　推理判断题。本文通过列举一些具体的例子，说明了美国的父母们正在兴起“au pairs 热”，即 通过请说汉语的中国保姆来照顾自己的孩子，让孩子们学习汉语， 这说明在美国，汉语正在日益受到欢 迎，因此选 A。 (2014﹒山东·阅读理解 E) The kids in this village wear dirty, ragged clothes. They sleep beside cows and sheep in huts made of sticks and mud. They have no school. Yet they all can chant the English alphabet, and some can make words. The key to their success: 20 tablet computers(平板电脑) dropped off in their Ethiopian village in February by a US group called One Laptop Per Child. The goal is to find out whether kids using today's new technology can teach themselves to read in places where no schools or teachers exist. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology researchers analysing the project data say they're already amazed. “What I think has already happened is that the kids have already learned more than they would have in one year of kindergarten，” said Matt Keller, who runs the Ethiopia programme. The fastest learner—and the first to turn on one of the tablets—is 8­year­old Kelbesa Negusse. The device's camera was disabled to save memory, yet within weeks Kelbesa had figured out its workings and made the camera work. He called himself a lion, a marker of accomplishment in Ethiopia. With his tablet, Kelbesa rearranged the letters HSROE into one of the many English animal names he knows. Then he spelled words on his own. “Seven months ago he didn't know any English. That's unbelievable，” said Keller. The project aims to get kids to a stage called “deep reading”， where they can read to learn. It won't be in Amharic, Ethiopia's first language, but in English, which is widely seen as the ticket to higher paying jobs. 62．How does the Ethiopia programme benefit the kids in the village? A．It trains teachers for them. B．It contributes to their self­study. C．It helps raise their living standards. D．It provides funds for building schools. 63．What can we infer from Keller's words in Paragraph 3? A．They need more time to analyse data. B．More children are needed for the research. C．He is confident about the future of the project. D．The research should be carried out in kindergartens. 64．It amazed Keller that with the tablet Kelbesa could ________. A．learn English words quickly B．draw pictures of animals C．write letters to researchers D．make phone calls to his friends 65．What is the aim of the project? A．To offer Ethiopians higher paying jobs. B．To make Amharic widely used in the world. C．To help Ethiopian kids read to learn in English. D．To assist Ethiopians in learning their first language. 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍在埃塞俄比亚启动了一项工程，让孩子们通过平板电脑自学英语。这 项工程的目的是帮助埃塞俄比亚的孩子们通过现代技术学习英语。 62．B　细节理解题。根据第三段首句可知这项计划的目的是想看看他们的自学能力。故选 B。 63．C　推理判断题。根据第三段 Matt Keller 说的“我认为已经发生的是孩子们学习到的要比在幼儿 园一年中学习到的多”可知他对这个计划很有信心。故选 C。 64．A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知 Keller 对 Kelbesa 学习英语单词这么快感到很吃 惊。故选 A。 65．C　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知这项工程的目的是帮助埃塞俄比亚的孩子们通过现代技术学 习英语。 (2014﹒陕西·阅读理解 D) One afternoon last week, I saw three tearful children from my son's school being comforted by teachers. That morning, my 11­year­old had stomach pains, retching(干呕)into a bowl. Talking to other mothers later, I heard about other children with stomachache or difficult sleeping the night before. What caused so much pain? Sports day. Sports day might be necessary at a highly­competitive independent school, but not at a village primary school. For the children who can fly like the wind, sports day causes no problem. For those who are overweight or just not good at sport, it is nightmare(噩梦). Even for those who enjoy running but fall halfway down the track in front of the entire school and their parents, it can prove a disaster. Why do we put our children through this annual suffering? Some may say competition is character building; or it's taking part, not winning, that's important; or that it is a tradition of school life. I just felt great pity for those children in tears or in pain. Team games at the end of sports day produced some close races, wild enthusiasm, lots of shouting—and were fun to watch. More importantly, the children who were not so fast or quick at passing the ball were hidden a little from everyone's eyes. Some of them also had the thrill of being on the winning side. I wish that sports day could be abandoned and replaced with some other less­competitive event. Perhaps an afternoon of team games, with a few races for those who want them, would be less stressful for the children and a lot more fun to watch. 57. What can we learn about the author's son from Paragraph 1? A. He talked with some mothers. B. He comforted his classmates. C. He had difficulty in sleeping. D. He suffered from stomachache. 58. Sports day is still an annul event in this school probably because ________． A. this is an independent school B. it is a tradition of the school C. it helps children lose weight D. children enjoy watching sports 59. What does the author think about team games? A. They should include more stressful races. B. They are acceptable to different children.C. They should be abandoned at primary schools. D. They are less fun for those who love running. 60. What is the author's attitude towards sports day? A. Critical. B. Neutral. C. Positive. D. Ambiguous. 【解析】 本文作者通过描述自己 11 岁的儿子和几位同学在学校参加完体育比赛后身体不适的经历，提出了自 己对于学校体育比赛改革的观点——将激烈的体育对抗比赛改为对抗性较小的赛事。 57. D　细节理解题。根据本段的第二句可知作者的儿子在参加完体育比赛后肚子疼、干呕，故选 D。 58. B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“…or that it is a tradition of school life.”一句可知本题答案为 B。 59. B　推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可以推断出作者认为团体比赛为不同的学生所接受，故选 B。 60. A　作者态度题。根据最后一段的大意可以推断出作者对于学校体育比赛持批评态度，故选 A。 (2014﹒浙江·阅读理解 A) Wealth starts with a goal and saving a dollar at a time.Call it the piggy bank strategy(策略)．There are lessons in that time­honoured coin­savings container. Any huge task seems easier when reduced to baby steps.If you wished to climb a 12，000­foot mountain，and could do it a day at a time，you would only have to climb 33 feet daily to reach the top in a year.If you want to take a really nice trip in 10 years for a special occasion，to collect the $15，000 cost，you have to save $3.93 a day.If you drop that into a piggy bank and then once a year put $1，434 in a savings account at 1% interest rate after­tax，you will have your trip money. When I was a child，my parents gave me a piggy bank to teach me that，if I wanted something，I should save money to buy it.We associate piggy banks with children，but in many countries，the little containers are also popular with adults.Europeans see a piggy bank as a sign of good fortune and wealth.Around the world，many believe a gift of a piggy bank on New Year's Day brings good luck and financial success.Ah，yes，but you have to put something in it. Why is a pig used as a symbol of saving？Why not an elephant bank，which is bigger and holds more coins？ In the Middle Ages，before modern banking and credit instruments，people saved money at home，a few coins at a time dropped into a jar or dish.Potters (制陶工) made these inexpensive containers from an orange­coloured clay( 黏 土 ) called “pygg” ， and folks saved coins in pygg jars.The Middle English word for pig was “pigge”．While the Saxons pronounced pygg，referring to the clay，as “pug”，eventually the two words changed into the same pronunciation，sounding the “i” as in pig or piggy.As the word became less associated with the orange clay and more with the animal，a clever potter fashioned a pygg jar in the shape of a pig，delighting children and adults.The piggy bank was born. Originally you had to break the bank to get to the money ， bringing in a sense of seriousness into savings.While piggy banks teach children the wisdom of saving ， adults often need to relearn childhood lessons.Think about the things in life that require large amounts of money—college education，weddings，cars， medical care，starting a business，buying a home，and fun stuff like great trips.So when you have money，take off the top 10%，put it aside，save and invest wisely. 41．What is the piggy bank strategy? A．Paying 1% income tax at a time. B．Setting a goal before making a travel plan.C．Aiming high even when doing small things. D．Putting aside a little money regularly for future use. 42．Why did the writer's parents give him a piggy bank as a gift? A．To delight him with the latest fashion. B．To encourage him to climb mountains. C．To help him form the habit of saving. D．To teach him English pronunciation. 43．What does the underlined word “something”(Paragraph 3) most probably refer to? A．Money. B．Gifts. C．Financial success. D．Good luck. 44．The piggy bank originally was ________. A．a potter's instrument B．a cheap clay container C．an animal­shaped dish D．a pig­like toy for children 45．The last paragraph talks about ________. A．the seriousness of educating children B．the enjoyment of taking a great trip C．the importance of managing money D．the difficulty of starting a business 【解析】 财富的积累靠点滴。在文章中，作者提到了储蓄罐策略：设定一个长远的目标，但要点滴地逐渐去 实现它。 41. D　推理判断题。从文章第一段的 saving a dollar at a time 和第二段的 to baby steps，to collect the $15， 000 cost, you have to save $3.93 a day 等细节中我们可以推断，储蓄罐策略就是要把大目标化小，积少成多。 故选 D 项。 42. C　细节理解题。从文章第三段的“…if I wanted something, I should save money to buy it.”可知， 作者父母给作者一个储蓄罐的目的是让他能够养成储蓄的习惯。故选 C 项。 43. A　词义指代题。从第三段的“…brings good luck and financial success. Ah, yes, but you have to put something in it.”知，此处的 it 是指代上文提到的储蓄罐，而要想有足够的资金，就必须要往储蓄罐中存钱， 由此推断 something 指代 money。故选 A 项。 44. B 　 细 节 理 解 题 。 从 第 四 段 的 “Potters( 制 陶 工 ) made these inexpensive containers from an orange­coloured clay (黏土)called ‘pygg’…”可以知道，储蓄罐最初来源于古代陶工做的廉价的陶土容器。 故选 B 项。 45. C　段落大意题。最后一段的“Originally you had to break the bank to get to the money, bringing in a sense of seriousness into savings.”是本段的主题句，主要讲述了管理钱财的重要性，要认真严肃地对待。故 选 C 项。 (2014﹒一模) Cleverness is a gift while kindness is a choice. Gifts are easy—they're given after all. Choices can be hard.—Jeff BezosI got the idea to start Amazon 16 years ago. I came across the fact that the Internet usage was growing at 2， 300 per cent per year. I'd never seen or heard of anything that grew that fast, and the idea of building an online bookstore with millions of titles was very exciting to me. I had just turned 30 years old, and I'd been married for a year. I told my wife MacKenzie that I wanted to quit my job and go to do this crazy thing that probably wouldn't work since most start－ups don't, and I wasn't sure what to expect. MacKenzie told me I should go for it. As a young boy, I'd been a garage inventor. I'd always wanted to be an inventor, and she wanted me to follow my passion. I was working at a financial firm in New York City with a bunch of very smart people, and I had a brilliant boss that I much admired. I went to my boss and told him I wanted to start a company selling books on the Internet. He took me on a long walk in Central Park, listened carefully to me, and finally said, “That sounds like a really good idea, but it would be an even better idea for someone who didn't already have a good job.” That logic made some sense to me, and he convinced me to think about it for 48 hours before making a final decision. Seen in that light, it really was a difficult choice, but ultimately(最后地), I decided I had to give it a shot. I didn't think I'd regret trying and failing. And_I_suspected_I_would_always_be_haunted_by_a_decision_to_not_try_at_all． After much consideration, I took the less safe path to follow my passion, and I'm proud of that choice. For all of us, in the end, we are our choices. 16．What inspired the author with the idea of building an online bookstore? A．His dream of being an inventor. B．The support of his wife. C．The greatly increasing usage of the Internet. D．Millions of exciting titles. 17．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined sentence? A．The idea of not trying would keep coming to his mind and disturb him. B．He would be very excited if he tried it out. C．He would be always having a doubt if he didn't try. D．The decision to not try the online bookstore would terrify him. 18．We can know from the passage that ________． A．the boss thought the idea was suitable for the author B．the author wanted someone else to try the idea C．the author might not regret if he failed the idea D．the author might go back to his boss if he failed 19．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Cleverness and kindness B．The starting of Amazon C．Following my passion D．We are what we choose 【解析】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。天赋固然重要，然而后天的选择更重要，它决定了你会成为什么样的人、 取得什么样的成就。 16．C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“I came across the fact that the Internet usage was growing at 2，300 per cent per year. I'd never seen or heard of anything that grew that fast, and the idea of building an online bookstore with millions of titles was very exciting to me.”可知，作者发现网络的广泛使用，从而激发了他创 建网上书库的想法，故选 C 项。 17．A　句意理解题。根据倒数第二段的倒数第二句“I didn't think I'd regret trying and failing.”可知，作 者并不后悔尝试，甚至失败。同样地，不尝试反而使作者后悔，故选 A 项。 18．C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的倒数第二句“I didn't think I'd regret trying and failing.”可知，作 者即使失败了也有可能不后悔，毕竟尝试过了，尽力了，故选 C 项。 19 ． D 　 主 旨 大 意 题 。 根 据 文 章 第 一 段 “Cleverness is a gift while kindness is a choice. Gifts are easy—they're given after all. Choices can be hard. —Jeff Bezos”并结合对全文的整体理解，尤其是最后一句 “For all of us, in the end, we are our choices.”可知，本文主要讲的是选择的重要性。选择成为什么样的人， 我们就会成为什么样的人，故选 D 项。 (2014﹒郑州第一次质量预测) Americans use many expressions with the word “dog”. People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well. They take their dogs for walks, let them play outside and give them good food and medical care. However, dogs without owners to care for them lead a different kind of life. The expression, to lead a dog's life, describes a person who has an unhappy life. Some people say we live in a dog－eat－dog world. That means many people are competing for the same things, like good jobs. They say that to be successful, a person has to work like a dog. This means they have to work very, very hard. Such hard work can make people dog－tired. And, the situation would be even worse if they became sick as a dog. Still, people say every dog has its day. This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life. To be successful, people often have to learn new skills. Yet, some people say that you can never teach an old dog new tricks. They believe that older people do not like to learn new things and will not change the way they do things. Some people are compared to dogs in bad ways. People who are unkind or uncaring can be described as meaner than a junkyard dog. Junkyard dogs live in places where people throw away things they do not want. But mean dogs are often used to guard this property. They bark or attack people who try to enter the property. However, sometimes a person who appears to be mean and threatening is really not so bad. We say his bark is worse than his bite. Dog expressions also are used to describe the weather. The dog days of summer are the hottest days of the year. A rainstorm may cool the weather. But we do not want it to rain too hard. We do not want it to rain cats and dogs. 16．A person who lives an unhappy life can be described as “________”． A．becoming sick as a dog B．leading a dog's life C．living in a dog－eat－dog world D．working like a dog 17．The underlined word “mean” in Paragraph 4 most probably means “________”． A．violent B．selfish C. wild D．poor18．What can we learn from the text? A．Everyone can be successful if he learns from the old. B．It might be difficult for the young to learn new skills. C．Junkyard dogs are careful in money arrangement. D．Fierce persons aren't so awful as their appearance sometimes. 19．To support his idea, the author develops the text mainly by ________． A．listing reasons B．using idioms C．giving examples D．making comparisons 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国语言中许多关于“狗”的有趣的表达方式。 16．B　细节理解题。 根据文章第一段的最后一句“The expression, to lead a dog's life, describes a person who has an unhappy life.”并结合本题的题干，可知“过着狗一般的生活”表示“生活过得不快乐”，故选 B 项。 17．A　词义猜测题。根据第四段的倒数第三句“They bark or attack people who try to enter the property.” 可知，该句是对画线词的解释说明。为了保护主人的财产，这种狗通常大叫或攻击那些想得到主人财产的 人，由此可知这种狗很厉害，故选 A 项。 18．D　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的倒数第二句“However, sometimes a person who appears to be mean and threatening is really not so bad.”可知，有时看起来凶猛、有危险性的人实际上并非那么糟糕，故选 D 项。 19．C　推理判断题。结合全文的整体理解可知，作者主要是通过事例来解释每一条有关“狗”的习 语的，故选 C 项。 (2014﹒江西六校联考) So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading ability on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible. Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also a public activity. It can be seen and observed. Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny． If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest(探索) for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience to children.” When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfil them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading. 21．The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that ________．A．it is one of the most difficult school courses B．students spend endless hours in reading C．reading tasks are assigned with little guidance D．too much time is spent in teaching about reading 22．The teaching of reading will be successful if ______． A．teachers can improve conditions at school for the students B．teachers can enable students to develop their own ways of reading C．teachers can devise the most efficient system for reading D．teachers can make their teaching activities observable 23．The underlined word “scrutiny” in Paragraph 3 most probably means “________”． A．inquiry B．observation C．control D．suspicion 24．According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when ________． A．children become highly motivated B．teacher and learner roles are interchangeable C．teaching helps children in the search for knowledge D．reading enriches children's experience 25．The main idea of the passage is that ________． A．teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to read B．teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possible C．reading ability is something acquired rather than taught D．reading is more complicated than generally believed 【解析】 本文主要谈论教育问题。现行的教学中，大量的时间被用于教学生如何阅读。然而，阅读能力并不 是通过老师讲授给学生的，而是学生自己通过努力得到的。 21．D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading.”可 知，太多的时间被用于教学生如何阅读，故选 D。 22．B　细节理解题。根据最后一段“Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading.”可知，教师只是起 到一个创造情境的作用，如何学会阅读，需要学生自己探索适合自己的方法，故选 B。 23．B　词义猜测题。根据第二和第三段中的“Teaching is also a public activity. It can be seen and observed. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny.”可知，教学是一个公开的活动，而学习则属于私人活动，它在一个人的内心进行，学习的 过程不是公开的，因此不能被观察，故选 B。 24．A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfil them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated.”可知，教师应该创造情境来激发学生的动力，这样做的话，学生会很容易掌握阅读技巧， 故选 A。 25．C　主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“…they will continue to undertake to do for children which only children can do for themselves…reading cannot be taught directly…”和最后一段中的“Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading.”可知，阅读能力不是教会的，而是学生自己通过努力习得的，故选 C。 (2014﹒太原模拟(一)) Many children first learn the value of money by receiving an allowance (pocket money). The purpose is to let children learn from experiences at an age when financial mistakes are not very costly. The amount of money that parents give to their children to spend as they wish differs from family to family. Timing is another consideration. Some children get a weekly allowance. Others get a monthly allowance. In any case, parents should make clear what, if anything, the child is expected to pay for with the money. At first, young children may spend all of their allowances soon after they receive them. If they do this, they will learn the hard way that spending must be done within a budget (预算). Parents are usually advised not to offer more money until the next allowance. The object is to show young people that a budget demands a choice between spending and saving. Older children may be responsible enough to save money for larger costs, like clothing or electronics. Many people who have written on the subject of allowances say it is not a good idea to pay your children for working around the house. These jobs are a normal part of family life. Paying children to do extra work around the house, however, can be useful. It can even provide an understanding of how a business works. Allowances give children a chance to experience the three things they can do with money. They can share it in the form of gifts. They can spend it by buying things they want. Or they can save it. Saving helps children understand that costly goals require sacrifice. You have to cut costs and plan for the future. Requiring children to save part of their allowances can also open the door to future saving and investing. Many banks offer services to help children and teenagers learn about personal finance. A saving account is an excellent way to learn about the power of compound interest. Compounding works by paying interest. So, for example, one dollar invested at two per cent interest for two years will earn two cents in the first year. The second year, the money will earn two per cent of one dollar and two cents, and so on. That may not seem like a lot, but over time it adds up. 1．Parents give their children allowances in order to ________． A．show off their wealth of family B．let them make more money C．make them learn the value of money D．help them manage family finance 2．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The time to give allowances. B. The way to spend allowances. C. The amount of allowances given to children. D. Considerations taken to give allowances. 3．Why are parents advised to offer young children allowances strictly as planned? A．To help children learn to make a budget. B．To have children save money for larger costs. C．To let children make fewer mistakes.D．To give them more allowances next time. 4．What does the author intend to tell the readers? A．The methods of limiting allowances. B．The advice on a better family budget. C．To teach children how to use allowances wisely. D．How to offer allowances to children properly. 【解析】 本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了如何培养孩子的经济头脑的问题。 1．C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段的第一句“Many children first learn the value of money by receiving an allowance (pocket money)．”可知，父母给孩子零花钱目的是让他们了解钱的价值，故选 C 项。 2．D　段落大意题。根据第二段的第二句“Timing is another consideration.”并结合全段可知，本段主要 讲的是在给孩子零花钱时要有所考量，故选 D 项。 3．A　细节理解题。根据文章第三段的倒数第二句“The object is to show young people that a budget demands a choice between spending and saving.”并结合本段的整体内容可知主要是培养孩子们的预算意识， 故选 A 项。 4．C　写作意图题。根据文章第一段第一句和文章的整体内容可知，本文的主要目的是教育孩子们如 何有效地花自己的零花钱，故选 C 项。 (2014﹒安徽六校 2 月联考) I once had a house guest from Cuba. During his visit, I happened to throw an old broken blender(搅拌机) in the trash. The next day it was sitting on my counter—in working order. In his world, people simply cannot afford to replace an item which doesn't work properly. They take the time and figure out how to fix it. In Cuba, they are still driving cars from the 1960s, mainly because they do not have a choice. In contrast, the US is a “throwaway” society. Statistics show that each American produces six pounds of trash per day. I believe a combination of factors has contributed to this phenomenon. Planned obsolescence(废弃) is not a secret. It is a manufacturing(制造业) philosophy developed in the 1920s and 1930s, when mass production became popular. The goal is to make a product or part that will fail, or become less desirable over time or after a certain amount of use. This pressures consumers to buy again. Planned obsolescence does keep costs down. Instead of making an expensive product that will last a long time, businesses produce more affordable, disposable(一次性的) items. Some electronic items have become so inexpensive that it is cheaper to replace them than to repair them. Busy people often value their time and convenience more than money. If a car starts to have mechanical problems, replacing it with a newer, more reliable model may be more appealing than tolerating it being in the garage for a week. In addition, advertising trains consumers to want what is new and improved. It convinces them that the more they have, the happier they will be. Unlike people in many developing countries, we live in a world of abundance. A study by Dr Timothy Jones of the University of Arizona also found that in the US, 40～50 per cent of all food ready for harvest is wasted. Abundance and waste soon became closely associated in the American way of life. 1．In Cuba, people usually fix a broken item instead of buying a new one because ________． A．wasting is prohibited thereB．they are poor C．they are interested in fixing things D．they live a low－carbon life 2．According to the article, planned obsolescence ________． A．began before mass production became popular B. is intended to encourage consumers to buy more things C. results in higher prices of items D. requires factories to produce high－quality products 3．Which of the following is NOT true about the “throwaway” society in the US? A．People prefer to buy a new blender rather than repair the broken one. B．A large quantity of food has been wasted. C．People believe that the more they have, the happier they will be. D．People all hold the belief that money comes first. 4．What may be the writer's attitude towards a throw－away society? A．Supportive. B．Critical. C．Tolerant. D．Optimistic. 【解析】 有一次，作者在扔掉用坏的搅拌机时，碰巧家里有一位来自古巴的房客，房客第二天把作者扔掉的 搅拌机拿了回来并修理好。由此作者比较了古巴和美国两个国家人的社会生活的差异，认识到了在古巴这 样贫穷的国家，人们过得非常节俭，而在美国这样物质极大充足的国家，浪费现象非常严重。 1．B　细节理解题。根据文章首段中的“In his world, people simply cannot afford to replace an item which doesn't work properly.”可知，在古巴人们买不起东西才会对用坏的东西进行修理，故 B 项正确。 2．B　推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“The goal is to make a product or part that will fail, or become less desirable over time or after a certain amount of use. This pressures consumers to buy again.”可以判断 B 项正确。 3．D　推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的“Busy people often value their time and convenience more than money.”可知，忙碌的人们把时间和便捷看得比金钱更重要，所以 D 项内容错误。 4．B　推理判断题。据文章末段中的“…40～50 per cent of all food ready for harvest is wasted. Abundance and waste soon became closely associated in the American way of life.”可知，作者认为物质的充足造成了浪费 现象，所以作者对一次性物品充斥的社会是持批判态度的，故 B 项正确。 (2014﹒吉林四校联考) What's a “gift”？ If you look it up in the dictionary, you'll see that it's another word for a present. For example, “They brought him some gifts.” However, if you're German, “gift” means something completely different: poison! The word “gift” is an example of a “false friend”—a word that looks the same in two languages, but actually has two different meanings. As English is basically a mixture of German, French and Latin, there are many words that are similar in these languages. For example, the English word “education” is “education” in Spanish. And the English words “word”，“book”， “nine”， “house” are “wort”， “buch”， “neun”， “haus” in German. These similar － looking words can be very helpful when learning other languages—they're our “friends”. However, sometimes they can turn out to be “false friends”. Here are a few examples. In English, someone who is “sensible” thinks before he acts and shows good judgement. For example, “The sensible thing to do would be to consult a lawyer.” However, in Spanish, “sensible” means “sensitive” (showing understanding of other people's problems, needs or feelings)． The English word “coin” refers to a piece of money made of metal. For example, “I had a few coins in my pocket.” But the French word “coin” means “corner”． The English word “library” is a place where you can go to borrow books. For example, “I borrowed six books from the library.” But the Spanish word “libreria” refers to a bookshop where you buy books. The English word “actually” means “in fact”. For example, “Actually I'm not Italian; I'm from America.” But the Spanish word “actualmente” means “currently” or “at the moment”． Finally, the English word “embarrassed” means “ashamed”. For example, “They looked a bit embarrassed.” However, the Spanish term “embarazada” means “pregnant”． 1．We can learn from the first two paragraphs that English ________． A．is easy to master B．is simpler than Spanish C．has a complex background D．has changed greatly throughout history 2．Which of the following pairs of words are “true friends” according to the author? A．Nine and neun. B．Library and libreria. C．Actually and actualmente. D．Embarrassed and embarazada. 3．According to the passage, in Spanish ________． A．“coin” means “corner” B．“gift” refers to something negative C．“educacion” simply means “book” D．“sensible” doesn't necessarily mean “wise” 4．The author develops the passage mainly by ______． A．following the order of space B．comparing different ideas C．providing typical examples D．analysing the cause and effect 【解析】 本文讲的是英语是德语、法语、拉丁语的混合语言，有很多单词看起来很相似，这对学习其他语言是 有帮助的，但还有很多单词虽然看起来相似，意思上却有很大的不同。作者举了很多这样的例子。 1．C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“As English is basically a mixture of German, French and Latin…”可知 C 项正确。 2．A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“…the English word ‘education’ is ‘education’ in Spanish. And the English words ‘word’， ‘book’， ‘nine’， ‘house’ are ‘wort’， ‘buch’， ‘neun’， ‘haus’ in German.”可知 A 项正确。 3．D　细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知 D 项正确。4．C　文章结构题。纵观全文可知作者给出了很多的例子。 C6 历史地理类 (2014﹒新课标全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解 B) Passenger pigeons( 旅 鸽 ) once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群) so large that they darkened the sky for hours. It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point，there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 per cent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world. Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometres) long was seen near Cincinnati. Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an ever­lasting supply and killed them by the thousands. Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants. By the closing decades of the 19th century, the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans' need for wood, which scattered(驱散) the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north, where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline. Soon the great flocks were gone, never to be seen again. In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons, but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900. For a time, a few birds survived under human care. The last of them, known affectionately as Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1, 1914. 24. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, passenger pigeons ________． A. were the biggest bird in the world B. lived mainly in the south of America C. did great harm to the natural environment D. were the largest bird population in the US 25. The underlined word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons' “________”． A. escape　　　　　　　B. ruin C. liberation D. evolution 26. What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons? A. To seek pleasure. B. To save other birds. C. To make money. D. To protect crops. 27. What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan? A. It was ignored by the public. B. It was declared too late. C. It was unfair. D. It was strict.【解析】 本文叙述了旅鸽逐渐消失的过程。在美国，18 世纪和 19 世纪旅鸽的数量很多。人们认为旅鸽数量多， 会有永久的供应，于是杀害了成千上万的旅鸽。而在 19 世纪末，美国人伐木驱散了旅鸽。1897 年密歇根 州通过禁止屠杀旅鸽的法律时，在该州已经 10 年没有见过大的旅鸽群了。最后一只旅鸽于 1914 年在辛辛 那提动物园死去。 24. D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“…a number equal to 24 to 40 per cent of the total bird population in the United States…”可知选 D。 25. B　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an ever­lasting supply and killed them by the thousands.”可知，人们认为旅鸽数量多，会有永久的供应，于是杀 害了成千上万的旅鸽。由此判断 undoing 的意思是“死亡，毁灭”。故选 B。 26. C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.”可知，人们杀死旅鸽主要是为了赚钱。故选 C。 27. B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons, but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.”可知，在密歇根州通 过禁止屠杀旅鸽的法律时，在该州已经 10 年没有见过大的旅鸽群了，由此可推断旅鸽的数量已经很少了， 因此这项法律通过得太晚了。故选 B。 (2014﹒安徽·阅读理解 C) You are the collector in the gallery of your life. You collect. You might not mean to but you do. One out of three people collects tangible(有形的) things such as cats, photos and many toys. These are among some 40 collections that are being shown at “The Museum Of”—the first of several new museums which, over the next two years, will exhibit the objects accumulated by unknown collectors. In doing so, they will promote a popular culture of museums, not what museums normally represent. Some of the collections are fairly common—records, model houses. Others are strangely beautiful—branches that have fallen from trees, for example. But they all reveal(显露) a lot of things: ask someone what they collect and their answers will tell you who they are. Others on the way include“The Museum of Collectors”and “The Museum of Me”. These new ones, it is hoped, will build on the success of “The Museum Of”. The thinkers behind the project want to explore why people collect, and what it means to do so. They hope that visitors who may not have considered themselves collectors will begin to see they, too, collect. Some collectors say they started or stopped making collections at important points: the beginning or end of adolescence—“it's a growing­up things; you stop when you grow up ， ” says one. Other painful times are mentioned, such as the end of a relationship. For time and life can seem so uncontrollable that a steady serial(顺序 排列的) arrangement is comforting. 64．How will the new museums promote a popular culture of museums? A．By collecting more tangible things. B．By showing what ordinary people have collected. C．By correcting what museums normally represent. D．By accumulating 40 collections two years from now. 65．What can be learned about collectors from their collections?A．Who they are. B．How old they are. C．Where they were born. D．Why they might not mean to collect. 66．Which of the following is an aim of the new museums? A．To help people sell their collections. B．To encourage more people to collect. C．To study the significance of collecting. D．To find out why people visit museums. 67．According to the last paragraph, people may stop collecting when they ________． A．become adults B．feel happy with life C．are ready for a relationship D．feel time to be uncontrollable 【解析】 本文为一篇说明文。每个人都是人生艺术走廊的收藏者。未来两年，The Museum Of 将举办 40 多场 无名收藏者的收藏展。 64. B　细节理解题。第二段最后一句中的 doing so 指代的是上句的“…over the next two years, will exhibit the objects accumulated by unknown collectors.”故选 B。 65. A　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知选 A。 66. C　细节理解题。根据第四段第三句可知选 C。 67. A　细节理解题。根据最后一段首句可知选 A。 (2014﹒安徽·阅读理解 D) Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? In order to answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historical buildings are attractive. However, there may be other reasons—for example, economic(经济的) reasons—why they should be preserved. So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new building is needed? In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style. Indeed, there are many examples in my own hometown of Tours where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings. As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate(影响) its surroundings too much, it often improves the attractiveness of the area. It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt(破坏) the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too. Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas. I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative(保守的) and do not like change. Although we have to respect people's feelings as fellow users of the buildings, I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move_things_forward. If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves. Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be the more risky choice. 68．What does the author say about historical buildings in the first paragraph?A．Some of them are not attractive. B．Most of them are too expensive to preserve. C．They are more pleasing than modern buildings. D．They have nothing to do with the historic feel of an area. 69．Which of the following is TRUE according to the author? A．We should reproduce the same old buildings. B．Buildings should not dominate their surroundings. C．Some old buildings have spoilt the area they are in. D．No one understands why people speak against new buildings. 70．By “move things forward” in the last paragraph, the author probably means “________”． A．destroy old buildings B．put things in a different place C．choose new architectural style D．respect people's feelings for historical buildings 71．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To explain why people dislike change. B．To warn that we could end up living in caves. C．To admit how new buildings have ruined their surroundings. D．To argue that modern buildings can be built in historic areas. 【解析】 本文为一篇议论文。保护古建筑与城市的发展是相互矛盾的，作者就如何解决这个矛盾谈了自己的 看法。 68. A　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Not all historical buildings are attractive.”可知选 A。 69. C　细节理解题。根据第三段首句可知，作者认为有些古建筑破坏了其所在的地区。故选 C。 70. C　词义猜测题。move things forward 意为“将事情向前推进”。接下来的两句对此进行了阐释：作 者宁愿冒险选择一些新的建筑风格而不愿复制以前的建筑风格。故 C 项正确。 71. D　写作意图题。本文为议论文，作者就热门话题——古建筑保护与新建筑的建设是否矛盾发表了 自己的看法。作者在第二段提出自己的观点“In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style.” 接下来就此进行了论证。故选 D。 (2014﹒安徽·阅读理解 E) You may not have heard of Ashoka, but for the past 27 years, this association，founded by Bill Drayton, has fought poverty( 贫 困 ) and sickness, promoted education and encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes, Ashoka provides money for the world's most promising“changemakers” seeking to solve(解决) urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker. Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change. The important thing is to simply give yourself permission. If you see a problem that you care about, you can help solve it. The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy contributing adult. In fact, it is many young people's ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions. An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka，which handled the rubbish problem facing the city, helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there.When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka's streets, attracting rats and disease, they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste. So they educated the poor people in the city to compost(把……制成堆肥) this waste. They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical fertilizers( 化 肥 ) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years. At first, they were refused, but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made, the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14，000. Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious, practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development. 72．Which of the following could be the best title for the passage? A．Changemakers B．Businessmen C．Social conditions D．Rubbish problems 73．The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to “________”． A．the local farmers B．Masqsood and Iftekhar C．Drayton and his team D．the poor people in Dhaka 74．It can be concluded from the passage that anyone can become a changemaker if he________． A．considers Drayton's concept B．gets permission from Ashoka C．tries to improve social conditions D．is a young, happy and healthy adult 75．The author's attitude towards Ashoka's programme can be described as “________”． A．changing B．forgiving C．cautious D．positive 【解析】 本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了 Bill Drayton 创办的名叫“阿育王”的扶贫济困机构。 72. A　主旨大意题。本文主要介绍的是 Ashoka 这个扶贫济困机构，该机构旨在让每一个公民都成为 changemaker。第一段两次出现 changemaker，第二段首句为主题句。故选 A。 73. D　代词指代题。 根据第三段“At first, they were refused, but once they were able to persuade them…”中有三个人称代词，前两个为 they，均指代 Masqsood and Iftekhar。故画线的 them 指代上文的 the poor people in the city。故选 D。 74. C　推理判断题。根据第二段中“In fact, it is many young people's ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions.”可推知尽力改善社会环境的任何人都可以成为 changemaker。 75. D　观点态度题。文章对 Ashoka's programme—changemakers 自始至终充满着赞赏之词，显然作者 对此是持积极态度的。故选 D。 (2014﹒北京·阅读理解 D) Store scent(香味) What is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop? The products displayed(展示) at the entrance? Or the soft background music? But have you ever noticed the smell? Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no.But while a shop's scent may not be outstanding compared with sights and sounds, it is certainly there. And it is proving to be an increasingly powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase. A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be attractive but it may not just be used for freshening air. One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers' intention to purchase increased by 80 per cent. When it comes to the best shopping streets in Paris, scent is just as important to a brand's success as the quality of its window displays and goods on sale. That is mainly because shopping is a very different experience to what it used to be. Some years ago, the focus for bread name shopping was on a few people with sales assistants' disproving attitude and don't­touch­what­you­can't­afford displays. Now the rise of electronic commerce (e­commerce)has opened up famous brands to a wider audience. But while e­shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks­and­mortar stores(实体店) can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave. Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a destination．And scent is just one way to achieve this. Now, a famous store uses complex man­made smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder floats through the kid department, and coconut(椰子) scent in the swimsuit section. A department store has even opened a new lab, inviting customers on a journey into the store's windows to smell books，pots and drawers, in search of their perfect scent. 67. According to the passage, what is an increasingly powerful tool in the success of some brand stores? A. Friendly assistants. B. Unique scents. C. Soft background music. D. Attractive window display. 68. E­shops are mentioned in the passage to ________． A. show the advantages of bricks­and­mortar stores B. urge shop assistants to change their attitude C. push stores to use sights and sounds D. introduce the rise of e­commerce 69. The underlined word “destination” in Paragraph 5 means ________． A. a platform that exhibits goods B. a spot where travellers like to stay C. a place where customers love to go D. a target that a store expects to meet 70. The main purpose of the passage is to ________． A. compare and evaluate B. examine and assess C. argue and discuss D. inform and explain 【解析】 本文主要介绍了香味对于传统实体店的影响。各大品牌店都加强了味觉对顾客消费欲求的刺激，并根据商品的不同而调节香味。 67. B　细节理解题。根据第二段中“And it is proving to be an increasing powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase.”可知，此句中的 it 指的是前面的 scent，故选 B。 68. A　推理判断题。根据第五段中“But while e­shops…only bricks­and­mortar stores (实体店) can offer a full experience…”可知作者的倾向非常明显，认为实体店能提供完整的购物体验，即强调传统实体店的 优势。故选 A。 69. C　词义猜测题。destination 的本意是“目的地”，与上文提到的 shop 场地相通，但意义迥异，不 仅是购物的地方，更多的是一种购物的完整体验，有视觉、听觉和味觉的多重享受。这里的意义是针对消 费者而言的，而不是商店或商家。A、D 选项都是针对商家的，而 B 项跟文章没有关系。故选 C。 70. D　主旨大意题。这篇文章主要是谈论香味对购物心理的影响，是一篇说明文，所以重在介绍和解 释香味对于实体店的影响。A 项意为“对比和评估”，对比谈到了，而评价涉及较少；B 意为“检测和评 估”，科学检测意味太浓，跟本文大意不符。C 项意为“争辩”，没有批评靶子的情况下，这种说法不成立。 所以本题选 D，介绍并解释了“香味”，而没有进行科学试验。 (2014﹒福建·阅读理解 E) As has been all too apparent in recent days at Balcombe, few issues cause greater concern than energy policy. Many village communities feel their countryside is being ruined by the power­producing machines of wind farms; yet they never take “direct action”， even though the planning laws put them at a severe disadvantage. And the generous subsidies(财政补贴), which encourage the expansion of wind power, are not favourable to the village communities and set landowners in conflict with other residents(居民)． Those who disagree with the rapid expansion of wind farms state that the damage they cause is out of proportion(比例) to the benefits they bring, because their energy output cannot match that of the carbon­based power stations they are supposed to replace. Supporters insist that wind must be part of a mix of renewables, nuclear and carbon, and that the country is committed to meeting EU (European Union) targets for non­carbon energy generation. Against this background, the fact that there is an argument within the government over whether to publish an official report on wind farms' impact on the countryside becomes even more extraordinary. The two parties in the coalition(联合) government are in disagreement over what it should say. We have some advice for the two parties: publish the report, and let the country be the judge. Even if it contains evidence that wind farms are harmful, it will hardly be a pleasant surprise to people who do not like them. Equally, supporters must argue their case by acknowledging the concerns and explaining why they are either misplaced or worthy of much attention. The suggestion that further negotiations are to take place to produce an “acceptable” report suggests that the politics of coalition government are doing the country harm in a certain way. Given the sensitivities involved, all the information should be available so that people can reach their own conclusions, rather than being left with the suspicion(猜疑) that facts are being replaced by political beliefs. 72．We can learn from the first paragraph that________． A．energy policy catches much attention of the public B．the residents are in favour of the expansion of wind farms C．many village communities are satisfied with the subsidies D．the planning laws offer great benefits to the residents73．Supporters think that the expansion of wind power ________． A．is more rapid than that of carbon­based power B．guarantees an increase in energy output C．is expected to be much better than that of nuclear power D．agrees with EU targets for non­carbon energy generation 74．It can be inferred from the passage that________． A．an official report will settle the energy problem B．the two parties are divided over the issue of wind farms C．the two parties have agreed on a further negotiation D．political beliefs concerning energy issue go against facts 75．Which of the following reflects the author's opinion? A．Increase political impact on energy policy. B．Release a statement of supporters on wind farms. C．Let the nation judge the facts about wind power. D．Leave the two parties to reach their own conclusions. 【解析】 本文是一篇社会生活类文章。文章介绍了人们特别关心能源政策，尤其是风力发电站引起了多方的关 注和不同观点的探讨。 72．A　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“…few issues cause greater concern than energy policy.”可 知能源政策引起了公众更多的注意，因此 A 项正确。 73．D　细节理解题。第二段主要列举了支持者和反对者的观点。支持者认为风能一定是可再生能源， 也是核能和碳能混合体的一部分，国家一直致力于满足欧盟的非碳能源生产的目标。因此 D 项正确。 74．B　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知 B 项正确。 75．C　推理判断题。根据第四段，尤其是其中的“…and let the country be the judge.”可知 C 项正确。 (2014﹒湖北·阅读理解 E) For most city people, the elevator is an unremarkable machine that inspires none of the enthusiasm or interest that Americans afford trains, jets, and even bicycles. Dr Christopher Wilk is a member of a small group of elevator experts who consider this a misunderstanding. Without the elevator, they point out, there could be no downtown skyscrapers or tall buildings, and city life as we know it would be impossible. In that sense, they argue, the elevator's role in American history has been no less significant than that of cars. In fact, according to Wilk, the car and the elevator have been locked in a “secret war” for over a century, with cars making it possible for people to spread horizontally(水平地), and elevators pushing them towards life in close groups of towering vertical(垂直 的) columns. If we tend to ignore the significance of elevators, it might be because riding in them tends to be such a brief, boring, and even awkward experience—one that can involve unexpectedly meeting people with whom we have nothing in common, and an unpleasant awareness of the fact that we're hanging from a cable in a long passage. In a new book, Lifted, German journalist and cultural studies professor Andreas Bernard directed all his attention to this experience, studying the origins of elevator and its relationship to humankind and finding that riding in an elevator has never been a totally comfortable experience. “After 150 years, we are still not used to it，” Bernard said. “We still have not exactly learnt to cope with the mixture of closeness and displeasure.” That mixture, according to Bernard, sets the elevator ride apart from just about every other situation we find ourselves in as we go about our lives. Today, as the world's urban population explodes, and cities become more crowded, taller, and more crowded, America's total number of elevators—900，000 at last count, according to Elevator World magazine's “2012 Vertical Transportation Industry”—are a force that's becoming more important than ever. And for the people who really, really love them, it seems like high time that we looked seriously at just what kind of force they are. 67. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A. The general view of elevators. B. The particular interests of experts. C. The desire for a remarkable machine. D. The enthusiasm for transport vehicles. 68. The author's purpose in mentioning cars is ________． A. to contrast their functions with elevators' B. to emphasize the importance of elevators C. to reveal their secret war against elevators D. to explain people's preference for elevators 69. According to Prof Bernard, what has made the elevator ride different from other life experiences? A. Vertical direction. B. Lack of excitement. C. Little physical space. D. Uncomfortable conditions. 70. The author urges readers to consider ________． A. the exact number of elevator lovers B. the serious future situation of elevators C. the role of elevators in city development D. the relationship between cars and elevators 【解析】 本文是一篇议论文。文章告诉我们，电梯在美国人的生活中是非常重要的，它使人们向垂直方向发展。 随着城市规模的扩大，电梯的使用越来越多，人们要更加关注电梯的作用。 67. A　推理判断题。根据第一段的第一句“For most city people, the elevator is an unremarkable machine that inspires none of the enthusiasm or interest that Americans afford trains, jets, and even bicycles.”可知，大部分 人都认为电梯是不值得关注的机器，而 Dr Christopher Wilk 认为这是一种错误的想法，他认为电梯和汽车 几乎同样重要。故 this 是指大众对于电梯的错误的看法，所以 A 项正确。 68. B　推理判断题。作者在第一段中提到汽车，提到了它的作用“…with cars making it possible for people to spread horizontally(水平地)…”，然后提到电梯的作用“…elevators pushing them towards life in close groups of towering vertical(垂直的) columns.”，其目的是用汽车的作用说明电梯的作用及它的重要性。 所 以 B 项正确。 69. C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“…that riding in an elevator has never been a totally comfortable experience.”以及“‘We still have not exactly learnt to cope with the mixture of closeness and displeasure.’” 可知人们乘坐电梯的时候感觉是拥挤的、不愉快的，而这主要是因为电梯里的空间太小，给人压抑感。所 以 C 项正确。70. C　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句“Today, as the world's urban population explodes, and cities become more crowded, taller, and more crowded, America's total number of elevators—900 ，000 at last count, according to Elevator World magazine's ‘2012 Vertical Transportation Industry’—are a force that's becoming more important than ever.”可知，随着城市规模的扩大，电梯的使用越来越多，它起的作用比以往更重要了， 所以人们要更加关注电梯的作用。所以 C 项正确。 (2014﹒湖南·阅读理解 C) The behaviour of a building's users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use, according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC). The UK promises to reduce its carbon emissions(排放) by 80 per cent by 2050, part of which will be achieved by all new homes being zero­carbon by 2016. But this report shows that sustainable building design on its own—though extremely important—is not enough to achieve such reductions: the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too. The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency( 效 率 ) ， which instead focus on architectural and technological developments. “Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything，” explains Katy Janda, a UKERC senior researcher，“consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design.”In other words，old habits die hard, even in the best­designed eco­home. Another part of the problem is information. Households and bill­payers don't have the knowledge they need to change their energy­use habits. Without specific information，it's hard to estimate the costs and benefits of making different choices. Feedback(反馈) facilities, like smart meters and energy monitors，could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use; some studies have shown that households can achieve up to 15 per cent energy savings using smart meters. Social science research has added a further dimension(方面)，suggesting that individuals' behaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be predicted—whether people throw open their windows rather than turn down the thermostat(恒温器), for example. Janda argues that education is the key. She calls for a focused programme to teach people about buildings and their own behaviour in them. 66. As to energy use, the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of ________． A. zero­carbon homes B. the behaviour of building users C. sustainable building design D. the reduction of carbon emissions 67. The underlined word “which” in Paragraph 2 refers to“________”． A. the ways B. their homes C. developments D. existing efforts 68. What are Katy Janda's words mainly about? A. The importance of changing building users' habits. B. The necessity of making a careful building design.C. The variety of consumption patterns of building users. D. The role of technology in improving energy efficiency. 69. The information gap in energy use ________． A. can be bridged by feedback facilities B. affects the study on energy monitors C. brings about problems for smart meters D. will be caused by building users' old habits 70. What does the dimension added by social science research suggest? A. The social science research is to be furthered. B. The education programme is under discussion. C. The behaviour of building users is unpredictable. D. The behaviour preference of building users is similar. 【解析】 英国能源研究中心新的研究表明加强对人们的教育对于减少二氧化碳的排放是非常重要的。 66. B　细节理解题。文章第一句就提到了在能源使用方面，房子使用者的行为至少和设计一样重要， 因此英国能源研究中心新的研究强调的是房子使用者的行为。 67. D　词义猜测题。根据上下文可知这里 which 指代的就是 existing efforts。 68. A　推理判断题。文章第三段 Katy 的话强调的是房子使用者的消耗习惯所起的重要作用，因此 A 项正确。 69. A　细节理解题。文章第四段的“Feedback(反馈) facilities…could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use…”说明设施的反馈可以弥补 信息差的局限性，因此 A 是正确答案。 70. C　推理判断题。文章倒数第二段提到房子使用者的行为是不可预测的。 (2014﹒江苏·阅读理解 B) However wealthy we may be, we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything we want. Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost, which simply refers to whether someone's time or money could be better spent on something else. Every hour of our time has a value. For every hour we work at one job we could quite easily be doing another, or be sleeping or watching a film. Each of these options has a different opportunity cost—namely, what they cost us in missed opportunities. Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and it will take you a couple of hours to get to and from the stadium. Why not, you might reason, watch the game from home and use the leftover money and time to have dinner with friends？This—the alternative use of your cash and time—is the opportunity cost. For economists, every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgo—in terms of money and enjoyment—in order to take it up. By knowing precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing out on, you ought to be able to make better­informed, more reasonable decisions. Consider that most famous economic rule of all：there's no such thing as a free lunch. Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free, the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities. Some people find the idea of opportunity cost extremely discouraging: imagine spending your entire life calculating whether your time would be better spent elsewhere doing something more profitable or enjoyable. Yet, in a sense it's human nature to do precisely that—we assess the advantages and disadvantages of decisions all the time. In the business world, a popular phrase is “value for money”．People want their cash to go as far as possible. However, another is fast obtaining an advantage：“value for time”. The biggest restriction on our resources is the number of hours we can devote to something, so we look to maximize the return we get on our investment of time. By reading this passage you are giving over a bit of your time which could be spent doing other activities, such as sleeping and eating. In return, however, this passage will help you to think like an economist, closely considering the opportunity cost of each of your decisions. 58．According to the passage, the concept of “opportunity cost” is applied to ________． A．making more money B．taking more opportunities C．reducing missed opportunities D．weighing the choice of opportunities 59．The “leftover…time” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to the time ________． A．spared for watching the match at home B．taken to have dinner with friends C．spent on the way to and from the match D．saved from not going to watch the match 60．What are forgone opportunities? A．Opportunities you forget in decision­making. B．Opportunities you give up for better ones. C．Opportunities you miss accidentally. D．Opportunities you make up for. 【解析】 本文为一篇说明文。在我们的生活中，无论是对金钱还是时间而言，我们都需要一直寻找更好的机会。 本文从经济学的角度诠释了这些概念。 58．D　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost, which simply refers to whether someone's time or money could be better spent on something else.”可知机会成本，简单指某人的时间或者金钱是否可以被更好地用在其他方面，即权衡机会的选择， 故 D 项正确。 59．C　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知“leftover…time”是指上文中提到的去体育场往返路上的 时间，C 项是同义句，故选 C。 60．B　推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词 forgone 可以定位到本文第四段。根据第四段第一句“…every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgo…”及最后一句的“…still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities.”可知答案是 B。 (2014﹒江西·阅读理解 C) Close your eyes for a minute and imagine what life would be like if you had a hundred dollars less. Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life with your eyes closed. Imagine having to read this page, not with your eyes but with your fingertips.With existing medical knowledge and skills, two thirds of the world's 42 million blind should not have to suffer. Unfortunately, rich countries possess most of this knowledge, while developing countries do not. ORBIS is an international non­profit organization which operates the world's only flying teaching eye hospital. ORBIS intends to help fight blindness worldwide. Inside a DC­8 aircraft, there is a fully­equipped teaching hospital with television studio and classroom. Doctors are taught the latest techniques of bringing sight back to people there. Project ORBIS also aims at promoting peaceful cooperation(合作) among countries. ORBIS tries to help developing countries by providing training during three ­ week medical programmes. ORBIS has taught sight­saving techniques to over 35 ， 000 doctors and nurses, who continue to cure tens of thousands of blind people every year. ORBIS has conducted 17 plane programmes in China so far. For the seven to ten million blind in China, ORBIS is planning to do more for them. At the moment an ORBIS team is working on a long­term plan to develop a training centre and to provide eye care services to Shanxi Province.ORBIS needs your help to continue their work and free people from blindness. For just US$38, you can help one person see; for $380 you can bring sight to 10 people; $1，300 helps teach a doctor new skills; and for $13，000 you can provide a training programme for a group of doctors who can make thousands of blind people see again.Your money can open their eyes to the world.Please help ORBIS improve the quality of life for so many people less fortunate than ourselves. 65. The first paragraph is intended to ________． A. introduce a new way of reading B. advise the public to lead a simple life C. direct the public's attention to the blind D. encourage the public to use imagination 66. What do we learn about existing medical knowledge and skills in the world? A. They are adequate. B. They have not been updated. C. They are not equally distributed. D. They have benefited most of the blind. 67. ORBIS aims to help the blind by ________． A. teaching medical students B. training doctors and nurses C. running flying hospitals globally D. setting up non­profit organizations 68. What does the author try to do in the last paragraph? A. Appeal for donations. B. Make an advertisement. C. Promote training programmes. D. Show sympathy for the blind. 69. What can be the best title for the passage? A. ORBIS in China B. Fighting blindness C. ORBIS flying hospital D. Sight­saving techniques【解析】 本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个名叫 ORBIS 的专门培训为盲人治眼的医生和护士的组织。 65. C　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Imagine having to read this page, not with your eyes but with your fingertips.”可知，第一段的主要目的是吸引公众对盲人的关注。 66．C　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Unfortunately, rich countries possess most of this knowledge, while developing countries do not.”可知，现存的医疗知识和技能在世界的分布是不均的。 67.B　细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“Doctors are taught the latest techniques of bringing sight back to people there.”以及第四段第二句“ORBIS has taught sight­saving techniques to over 35，000 doctors and nurses…”可知，ORBIS 的目的是通过培训医生和护士来帮助盲人。 68. A　推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是倒数第二句“Your money can open their eyes to the world.”可知，作者的目的是呼吁捐款。 69. C　主旨大意题。综观全文可知，本文主要介绍了 ORBIS 飞行医院项目。故选 C 项。 (2014﹒新课标全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解 C) A typical lion tamer(驯兽师) in people's mind is an entertainer holding a whip(鞭) and a chair. The whip gets all of the attention, but it's mostly for show. In reality, it's the chair that does the important work. When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion's face, the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time. With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next. When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair. How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do you have something you want to achieve (e.g. lose weight, start a business, travel more)—only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress? This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we can't focus or that we're focused on the wrong things, and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving. It doesn't have to be that way. Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this: all you need to do is focus on one thing. You just need to get started. Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people. If you have somewhere you want to go, something you want to accomplish, someone you want to become…take immediate action. If you're clear about where you want to go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way. 28. Why does the lion tamer use a chair? A. To trick the lion. B. To show off his skills. C. To get ready for a fight. D. To entertain the audience. 29. In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair? A. They feel puzzled over choices. B. They hold on to the wrong things. C. They find it hard to make changes. D. They have to do something for show.30. What is the author's attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3? A. Tolerant. B. Doubtful. C. Respectful. D. Supportive. 31. When the world is “waving a chair in your face”， you're advised to ________． A. wait for a better chance B. break your old habits C. make a quick decision D. ask for clear guidance 【解析】 本文是一篇议论文。本文作者利用驯兽师对待狮子的例子说明了人们在面临多种选择感到困惑时该 如何做。当我们面对多种选择时，我们常常不知该选哪一种，因此进展较少，或保持原样。实际上，我们 应该专注于一件事，然后下决心做下去。 28. A　细节理解题。根据首段中的“When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion's face, the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time.”可知，当驯兽师拿着椅子在狮子面前时，狮子会关注椅 子的四条腿，故可知椅子用是用来戏耍狮子的。故选 A。 29. A　推理判断题。根据首段中的“With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next.”可知，当关注的东西很分散时，狮子开始变得困惑，人们与狮子相似，在面临很多选择时 也会感到困惑，不知道该怎么做。故选 A。 30. B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best…”可知，专家们正忙于讨论哪一种选择是最好的，这令作者苦恼，由此 推断作者对专家的态度是怀疑的。故选 B。 31. C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this: all you need to do is focus on one thing. You just need to get started.”可知，当世界在你面前挥舞着一把椅 子时，你要集中精力做一件事。故选 C。 (2014﹒新课标全国卷Ⅱ·阅读理解 B) Since the first Earth Day in 1970, Americans have gotten a lot “greener” towards the environment.“We didn't know at that time that there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it，” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA. But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement.Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass­roots Americans are taking part in the movement. “The understanding has increased many, many times，” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first Earth Day. According to US government reports, emissions(排放) from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons.The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9.Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier place.A kind of “green thinking” has become part of practices. Great improvement has been achieved.In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programmes; today in 1995 there are about 6 ， 600.Advanced lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution. Twenty­five years ago, there were hardly any education programmes for environment.Today, it's hard to find a public school, university, or law school that does not have such a kind of programme.“Until we do that, nothing else will change！” says Bruce Anderson. 25. According to Anderson, before 1970, Americans had little idea about ________． A. the social movement B. recycling techniques C. environmental problems D. the importance of Earth Day 26. Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from? A. The grass­roots level. B. The business circle. C. Government officials. D. University professors. 27. What have Americans achieved in environmental protection? A. They have cut car emissions to the lowest. B. They have settled their environmental problems. C. They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities. D. They have reduced pollution through effective measures. 28. What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph? A. Education. B. Planning. C. Green living. D. CO reduction. 【解析】 本文作者通过把美国现在的环境问题和以前的环境问题进行比较，尤其是几项数据的对比，说明了 人们的环境保护意识有了很大的提高。环境教育在这其中起了很大的作用。 25. C　细节理解题。根据第一段的“‘We didn't know at that time that there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it，’says Bruce Anderson…”可知当时美国人对于环境问题没有足够的 认识。 26. A　信息理解题。第二段第二句“Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass­roots Americans are taking part in the movement.”强调了这项运动的主要支持者是那些美国 的基层民众，因此答案为 A。 27. D　细节理解题。根据文章的第三段第一句可知汽车和卡车的排放量从 10，300，000 吨降到了 5， 500，000 吨，故 A 项错误；根据第三段第二句可知一氧化碳排放超标的城市的数量从 40 个降到了 9 个， 故 C 项错误；根据第三段第三句可知环境问题依然存在，有待解决，故 B 项错误；本段列举的数据证明了 美国人采取了有效措施，减少了环境污染，因此答案为 D。 28. A　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Twenty­five years ago, there were hardly any education programmes for environment.Today, it's hard to find a public school, university, or law school that does not have such a kind of programme.”可知，现在几乎每个学校都有环境保护方面的教育内容，这说明教育在环境保 护方面起了重要的作用。故 A 正确。 (2014﹒四川·阅读理解 D) With around 100 students scheduled to be in that 9 am Monday morning lecture, it is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them are still awake after the first 15 minutes; it is not even a surprise that most of them are still in their pyjamas( 睡衣). Obviously, students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule. All human beings possess a body clock. Along with other alerting( 警 报 ) systems, this governs the sleep/wake cycle and is therefore one of the main processes which govern sleep behaviour. Typically, the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents, which leads to many students not feeling sleepy until much later in the evenings. This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the “night owl” schedule of sleep. This is opposed to the “early bird” schedule, and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight. Such a person has great difficulty in waking up in the mornings. Research suggests that night owls feel most alert and function best in the evenings and at night. Research findings have shown that about 20 per cent of people can be classified as “night owls” and only 10 per cent can be classified as “early birds”—the other 70 per cent are in the middle. Although this is clearly not true for all students, for the ones who are true night owls this gives them an excellent excuse for missing their lectures which unfortunately fall before midday. 43. What does the author stress in Paragraph 1? A. Many students are absent from class. B. Students are very tired on Monday mornings. C. Students do not adjust their sleep patterns well. D. Students are not well prepared for class on Mondays. 44. Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 2? A. Most students prefer to get up late in the morning. B. Students don't sleep well because of alerting systems. C. One's body clock governs the sleep/wake cycle independently. D. Adolescents' delayed sleep/wake cycle isn't the preferred pattern. 45. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “classified”？ A. Criticized. B. Grouped. C. Organized. D. Named. 46. What does the text mainly talk about? A. Functions of the body clock. B. The “night owl” phenomenon. C. Human beings' sleep behaviour. D. The school schedule of “early birds”． 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章开头以学生星期一早上上课时很多学生难以将他们的睡眠周期调整到正常模 式为例，解释了“night owl”这一睡眠周期现象。 43. C　推理判断题。文章开头通过举例说明了星期一早上上课时很多学生难以调整他们的睡眠模式。 又根据首段的主旨句“Obviously, students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.”可知 答案为 C。 44. D　推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“…the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents…” 可知优选的睡眠周期在青少年身上被推迟了，又根据第三段第一句“This is opposed to the‘early bird’schedule, and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight.”可知，这种 “night owl”现象是一种紊乱现象，并不是较优的睡眠周期，故选 D。 45. B　词义猜测题。根据此句语境可知，调查结果表明大约 20%的人可归类为“猫头鹰型”，只有 10%的人可以归为“早起型”。此处 classify 意为“归类，分类”。 46. B　推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要解释了“night owl”这一睡眠周期现象。 (2014﹒天津·阅读理解 A) A guide to the university Food The TWU Cafeteria is open 7 am to 8 pm. It serves snacks(小吃), drinks, ice cream bars and meals. You can pay with cash or your ID cards. You can add meal money to your ID cards at the Front Desk. Even if you do not buy your food in the cafeteria, you can use the tables to eat your lunch, to have meetings and to study. If you are on campus in the evening or late at night, you can buy snacks, fast food, and drinks in the Lower Café located in the bottom level of the Douglas Centre. This area is often used for entertainment such as concerts, games or TV watching. Relaxation The Globe, located in the bottom level of McMillan Hall, is available for relaxing, studying, cooking, and eating. Monthly activities are held here for all international students. Hours are 10 am to 10 pm, closed on Sundays. Health Located on the top floor of Douglas Hall, the Wellness Centre is committed to physical, emotional and social health. A doctor and nurse is available if you have health questions or need immediate medical help or personal advice. The cost of this is included in your medical insurance. Hours are Monday to Friday, 9 am to noon and 1： 00 to 4：30 pm. Academic support All students have access to the Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall. Here, qualified volunteers will work with you on written work, grammar, vocabulary, and other academic skills. You can sign up for an appointment on the sign­up sheet outside the door two 30­minute appointments per week maximum. This service is free. Transportation The TWU Express is a shuttle( 班 车 ) service. The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping centre, leaving from the Mattson Centre. Operation hours are between 8 am and 3 pm, Saturdays only. Round trip fare is $1. 36. What can you do in the TWU Cafeteria? A. Do homework and watch TV. B. Buy drinks and enjoy concerts. C. Have meals and meet with friends. D. Add money to your ID and play chess. 37. Where and when can you cook your own food? A. The Globe, Friday. B. The Lower Café， Sunday. C. The TWU Cafeteria, Friday. D. The McMillan Hall, Sunday. 38. The Guide tells us that the Wellness Centre ________．A. is open six days a week B. offers services free of charge C. trains students in medical care D. gives advice on mental health 39. How can you seek help from the Writing Centre? A. By applying online. B. By calling the centre. C. By filling in a sign­up form. D. By going to the centre directly. 40. What is the function of TWU Express? A. To carry students to the lecture halls. B. To provide students with campus tours C. To take students to the Mattson Centre. D. To transport students to and from the stores. 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。 主要介绍了在大学里的生活指南。涉及食物、休闲、健康、学业帮助以及交通 等方面的内容。 36. C　细节理解题。本题问的是在 In the TWU Cafeteria 学生可以做的事，因此将注意力放在 Food 栏 目下的第一段。根据这一段中的最后一句“…you can use the tables to eat your lunch, to have meetings and to study.”可知 C 项正确。 37. A　细节理解题。根据题干中的 cook your own food，可知它与第二个栏目 Relaxation 中的 cooking 对应，这是发生在 the Globe，且时间是周一到周六的早上 10 点到晚上 10 点，由此可知 A 正确。 38. D　细节理解题。根据题干中的 the Wellness Centre，可知此题涉及的是 Health 部分。根据第一句 中的“…is committed to physical, emotional and social health.”可知 D 项正确。 39. C　细节理解题。根据题干中的 the Writing Centre，可知此题涉及的是 Academic Support 部分。根 据倒数第二句中的“You can sign up for an appointment on the sign­up sheet outside the door…”可知，申请时 只要填写报名表格就行了，可知 C 项正确。 40. D　细节理解题。根据题干中的 TWU Expression 可知此题涉及的是 Transportation 部分。根据第二 句“The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping centre…”可知 TWU Express 的功能是在 商店和商店之间运送学生，可知 D 项正确。 (2014﹒天津·阅读理解 C) “Dad，” I say one day，“let's take a trip. Why don't you fly out and meet me？” My father had just retired after 27 years as a manager for IBM. His job filled his day, his thoughts, his life. While he woke up and took a warm shower, I screamed under a freezing waterfall in Peru. While he tied a tie and put on the same Swiss watch, I rowed a boat across Lake of the Ozarks. My father sees me drifting aimlessly, nothing to show for my 33 years but a passport full of funny stamps. He wants me to settle down, but now I want him to find an adventure. He agrees to travel with me through the national parks. We meet four weeks later in Rapid City. “What's our first stop？” asks my father. “What time is it？”“Still don't have a watch？” Less than an hour away is Mount Rushmore. As he stares up at the four Presidents carved in granite(花岗岩), his mouth and eyes open slowly, like those of a little boy. “Unbelievable，” he says. “How was this done？” A film in the information centre shows sculptor Gutzon Borglum devoted 14 years to the sculpture and then left the final touches to his son. We stare up and I ask myself, “Would I ever devote my life to anything？” No directions，no goals. I always used to hear those words in my father's voice. Now I hear them in my own. The next day we're at Yellowstone National Park, where we have a picnic. “Did you ever travel with your dad？” I ask. “Only once，” he says. “I never spoke much with my father. We loved each other—but never said it. Whatever he could give me, he gave.” That_last_sentence—it's_probably_the_same_thing_I'd_say_about_my_father._And_what_I'd_want_my_chi ld_to_say_about_me. In Glacier National Park, my father says, “I've never seen water so blue.” I have, in several places of the world, I can keep travelling, I realize—and maybe a regular job won't be as dull as I feared. Weeks after our trip, I call my father. “The photos from the trip are wonderful，” he says.“We've got to take another trip like that sometime.” I tell him I've decided to settle down, and I'm wearing a watch. 46. We can learn from Paragraphs 2 and 3 that the father ________. A. followed the fashion B. got bored with his job C. was unhappy with the author's lifestyle D. liked the author's collection of stamps 47. What does the author realize at Mount Rushmore? A. His father is interested in sculpture. B. His father is as innocent as a little boy. C. He should learn sculpture in the future. D. He should pursue a specific aim in life. 48. From the underlined paragraph, we can see that the author ________． A. wants his children to learn from their grandfather B. comes to understand what parental love means C. learns how to communicate with his father D. hopes to give whatever he can to his father 49. What could be inferred about the author and his father from the end of the story? A. The call solves their disagreements. B. The Swiss watch has drawn them closer. C. They decide to learn photography together. D. They begin to change their attitudes to life. 50. What could be the best title for the passage? A. Love nature, love life B. A son lost in adventure C. A journey with dad D. The art of travel 【解析】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。“我”喜欢旅游，而我的父亲喜欢工作。在父亲退休后，“我”邀请父亲去 旅游，在旅游的过程中父子二人对生活的态度发生了变化。父亲想去旅游，而“我”却想静下来工作。 46. C　推理判断题。第二段中讲到作者过着流浪的生活，而父亲忙于自己的工作；第三段父亲要作者 安顿下来，但作者想让他进行一次冒险。由此可推知父子二人的生活轨道是完全不一样的，父亲不喜欢作 者的生活方式。故选 C 项。 47. D　推理判断题。根据题干中提到 at Mount Rushmore 可知此题涉及的是文章中间部分。根据文章 中的“‘Would I ever devote my life to anything？’”可知作者了解到这位雕刻家用了 14 年的时间来雕刻 这些总统的塑像，由此作者开始认真地思考自己的人生，可知 D 项正确。 48. B　推理判断题。根据画线句子前我与父亲的对话使作者突然意识到作者与自己的孩子们也是这样 的关系，因此作者突然明白了父母的爱意味着什么了。故 B 项正确。 49. D　推理判断题。根据文章最后的结尾，父亲说：“我们再去旅游吧。”而我告诉他“我已经决定 安定下来。”可知旅游过后，父子二人对生活的态度发生了很大的变化。故 D 项正确。 50. C　主旨大意题。总览全文，可知作者叙述了一次与父亲的旅游经历，而在这次旅游中，父子二人 的生活发生了根本的变化。C 项中的关键词 journey 与 dad 简练完整地将文章的主题归纳了出来。 (2014﹒天津·阅读理解 D) People aren't walking any more—if they can figure out a way to avoid it. I felt superior about this matter until the other day I took my car to mail a small parcel. The journey is a matter of 281 steps. But I used the car. And I wasn't in any hurry, either. I had merely become one more victim of a national sickness: motorosis. It is an illness to which I had thought myself immune(免疫的), for I was bred in the tradition of going to places on my own two legs. At that time, we regarded 25 miles as good day's walk and the ability to cover such a distance in ten hours as a sign of strength and skill. It did not occur to us that walking was a hardship. And the effect was lasting. When I was 45 years old I raced—and beat—a teenage football player the 168 steps up the Stature of Liberty. Such enterprises today are regarded by many middle­aged persons as bad for the heart. But a well­known British physician, Sir Adolphe Abrhams, pointed out recently that hearts and bodies need proper exercise. A person who avoids exercise is more likely to have illnesses than one who exercises regularly. And walking is an ideal form of exercise—the most familiar and natural of all. It was Henry Thoreau who showed mankind the richness of going on foot. The man walking can learn the trees, flowers, insects, birds and animals, the significance of seasons, the very feel of himself as a living creature in a living world. He cannot learn in a car. The car is a convenient means of transport, but we have made it our way of life. Many people don't dare to approach Nature any more; to them the world they were born to enjoy is all threat. To them security is a_steel_river thundering on a concrete road. And much of their thinking takes place while waiting for the traffic light to turn green. I say that the green of forests is the mind's best light. And none but the man on foot can evaluate what is basic and everlasting. 51. What is the national sickness? A. Walking too much. B. Travelling too much. C. Driving cars too much. D. Climbing stairs too much. 52. What was life like when the author was young? A. People usually went around on foot. B. People often walked 25 miles a day. C. People used to climb the Statue of Liberty. D. People considered a ten­hour walk as a hardship. 53. The author mentions Henry Thoreau to prove that________. A. middle­aged people like getting back to nature B. walking in nature helps enrich one's mind C. people need regular exercise to keep fit D. going on foot prevents heart disease 54. What is compared to “a steel river” in Paragraph 6? A. A queue of cars. B. A ray of traffic light. C. A flash of lightning. D. A stream of people. 55. What is the author's intention of writing this passage? A. To tell people to reflect more on life. B. To recommend people to give up driving. C. To advise people to do outdoor activities. D. To encourage people to return to walking. 【解析】 本文是一篇议论文。作者认为全国的人们都患了一种病 motorosis，即人们过多地使用汽车，而不走路。作者把现在的 自己和年轻时的自己走路做了对比，同时又用专家的观点来证明自己的观点以此鼓励人们要回归走路。 51. C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的最后一句中的 a national sickness: motorosis 以及前文的 “The journey is a matter of 281 steps. But I used the car.”可知作者提到的全国通病就是人们开车太多了。可知 C 项正确。 52. A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的内容，作者年轻时靠自己的双腿去某个地方，一天走 25 英里路，从没感觉走路是 一种痛苦。由此可知，作者年轻时人们通常靠自己的双脚到处走动。可知 A 项正确。 53. B　推理判断题。根据第五段中的第一句“It was Henry Thoreau who showed mankind the richness of going on foot.”可知 作者提到 Henry Thoreau 是为了证明用脚走路可以丰富人类的大脑。可知 B 项正确。 54. A　词义猜测题。根据画线词组后面的“…while waiting for the traffic light to turn green.”可知是车在等交通灯变绿， 所以这里是指一排车。可知 A 项正确。 55. D　推理判断题。总览全文，可知“我”用自己的亲身经历告诉读者现在很多人都依赖车，不自己走路了，而走路使人 身体健康，丰富人的内心。作者同时引用名人名言，进一步证明自己的观点，其目的都是在鼓励人们重新回归走路。所以 D 项正确。 (2014﹒浙江·阅读理解 B)Here is some must ­know information from a handbook on how people behave in doing business in some countries. In Brazil Brazilians are warm and friendly.They often stand close when talking and it is common for them to touch the person on the shoulder.People often greet each other (particularly women) with light cheek kisses.Schedules tend to be flexible，with business meetings sometimes starting later than planned.But to be safe, be on time.Meals can stretch for hours—there's no such thing as rushing a meal in Brazil.Lunches also can start in the mid to late afternoon.Brazilians are social，preferring face­to­face communication over e­mails or phone calls. In Singapore Singaporeans shake hands when they meet and often also greet each other with a small，polite bow.Business cards should be offered and received with two hands.Arriving late is considered disrespectful.So be on time. Efficiency( 效 率 ) is the goal, so meetings and dealings often are fast­paced.Singaporeans are direct in their discussions，even when the subject is about money.Rank is important and authority is respected.This determines how people interact in meetings.For example，people avoid disagreeing outright with someone of a higher rank. In the United Arab Emirates In the UAE，status is important, so the most senior or oldest should be greeted first with their titles.The handshake seems to be longer than elsewhere. So do not pull away from the handshake. Women should cover themselves when it comes to dress.Men also tend to be covered from neck to elbows( 肘 部 ) and down to the knees.People do not avoid entertaining in their homes，but they also hold business meals at restaurants.Touching or passing food or eating with your left hand is to be avoided.When meetings are one­to­one，if your host offers you coffee，you should refuse.It might seem odd，but it is a cultural tradition.Coffee should only be accepted if it is already set out or presented. In Switzerland The Swiss tend to be formal and address each other by last name.They also are respectful of private lives.You should be careful not to ask about personal topics.Punctuality (守时) in vital，something that comes from a deep respect for others' time.Arrive at any meeting or event a few minutes early to be safe.They also have clear structure in their companies.Higher­ups make the final decisions，even if others might disagree.Neat，clean dress is expected.The Swiss follow formal table manners.They also keep their hands visible at the table and their elbows off the table.It is polite to finish the food on your plate. 46．The passage is mainly about ________. A．communication types B．the workplace atmosphere C．customs and social manners D．living conditions and standards 47．Why do Singaporeans avoid arguing with the boss? A．They put efficiency in the first place. B．They dislike face­to­face communication. C．They want to finish meetings as quickly as possible. D．They are supposed to obey the person of a higher rank. 48．In the UAE，when should you refuse the coffee if it is offered? A．When greeting seniors.B．When meeting the host alone. C．When attending a presentation. D．When dining with business partners. 49．In which country do people care about where to put their hands at the dinner table? A．In Brazil. B．In Singapore. C．In the United Arab Emirates. D．In Switzerland. 【解析】 本文是一则应用文，主要向读者介绍了不同国家的生意场上有不同的社交礼仪。 46. C　主旨大意题。 从第一段的“Here is some must­know information from a handbook on how people behave in doing business in some countries.”知，本文主要讲述了生意场上的社交礼仪。故选 C 项。 47. D　细节理解题。 从第三段的“Rank is important and authority is respected…people avoid disagreeing outright with someone of a higher rank.”可知，在新加坡，上下级关系明显，下级一般避免与上级争吵，而 是服从上级。故选 D 项。 48. B　细节理解题。 从第四段的“When meetings are one­to­one, if your host offers you coffee, you should refuse…”可知，当单独与主人一起时，他提出喝杯咖啡时，最好的礼仪是委婉地拒绝。故选 B 项。 49. D　细节理解题。 从最后一段中的“The Swiss follow formal table manners. They also keep their hands visible at the table…”知，在瑞士人们吃饭的时候让双手放到桌上，这是瑞士传统的餐桌礼仪。故选 D 项。 (2014﹒重庆·阅读理解 D) One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest, the next, the air was charged with tension. The elephant had heard the distant alarm calls of animals and her mood suddenly changed. I urged the elephant deeper into the forest. We sounded like a forest fire—crackling, snapping, trailblazing. But through all the noise came a sharp warning cry. The elephant stopped and we heard it again—the telltale call of a spotted deer. I looked quickly around the shadows of the forest. Rays of sunlight shone through tree branches，beneath which the patchwork(交错) of green plants and shadow­within­shadows would make tiger stripes(条纹) look more attractive. Apart from an occasional noise from the elephant's stomach, the forest was silent. Gradually, the tension slipped from our bodies. The elephant seized a nearby branch and put it into her mouth. I reached forward and gently moved my hand over the elephant's neck; there was a soft part, free of wrinkles and hairs, behind her ear. This was my fourth time to_sense_the_aura of the forest in Corbett, although I saw no tigers in the end. Located at the foot of the Himalayan mountains, Corbett is home to about 135 Bengal tigers, but the forest seemed to be guarding their whereabouts(出没处), a silent reminder of their secrecy and rarity. Still, I was happy enough touching the elephant behind the ear. If I had so desperately wanted to see a tiger, I could have gone to a zoo. After all, spotting tigers merely confirms their beauty；tracking them can make you aware of something more. 48. Which of the following was a clear signal of alarm? A. The elephant stopped. B. A spotted deer called. C. The elephant seized a branch. D. The forest was silent for a while.49. The author begins his account of the tour in the forest mainly by________ A. describing various sounds B. comparing different animals C. listing different activities D. introducing various plants 50. What does the underlined part “to sense the aura” most probably mean? A. To see the diversity. B. To enjoy the scenery. C. To feel the atmosphere. D. To experience the freedom. 51. How does the author feel after several visits to Corbett? A. Seeing a Bengal tiger is quite thrilling. B. It is very time­consuming to travel in Corbett. C. It is really worthwhile to study the animals in Corbett. D. The process of finding Bengal tigers is most appealing. 【解析】 该文介绍了作者和他的一头大象在森林中差点遇见孟加拉虎的经历。 48．B　细节理解题。从第一段最后两句可知答案。 49．A　写作方法题。第一段中有“We sounded like a forest fire­crackling, snapping, trailblazing.”的详 尽叙述，forest fire­cracking(森林大火燃烧的声音)，snapping(鞭子噼啪作响), trailblazing(开路先锋的吆喝)等 都是对声音的描述。 50．C　词义猜测题。全文都在描写作者和大象在 Corbett 森林里的各种感觉和感受。作者对森林环境 的描写是其对森林气氛的感知的结果。故选 C。 51．D　推理判断题。从短文最后一段中的“After all, spotting tigers merely confirms their beauty; tracking them can make you aware of something more.”(总之，看见老虎仅仅可以确定其美丽，而寻找老虎的踪迹却能 让你感受更多)可知，寻找孟加拉虎很有吸引力。 (2014﹒重庆·阅读理解 E) It's generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes.They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment. They pay $5 for a caramel brulée latte because they like expensive coffee drinks. It's undeniable that behaviour comes from our inner dispositions(性情), but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bem, by observing our own behaviour. We can be strangers to ourselves. If we knew our own minds, why would we need to guess what our preferences are from our behaviour? If our minds were an open book, we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes. Actually, we often need to look to our behaviour to figure out who we are. Moreover, we don't just use our behaviour to learn about our particular types of character—we infer characters that weren't there before. Our behaviour is often shaped by little pressures around us，which we fail to recognize. Maybe_we_recycle_because_our_wives_and_neighbours_would_disapprove_if_we_didn't. Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us. We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make, people become what they do，though it may not be in compliance( 符合) with their true desires. Therefore, we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonnegut's advice: “We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be. ” 52. According to the passage, personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to ________． A. determine one's behaviour B. reflect one's taste C. influence one's surroundings D. result from one's habits 53. Which of the following would Daryl Bem most probably agree with? A. The return of a wallet can indicate one's honesty. B. A kind person will offer his seat to the old. C. One recycles plastics to protect the environment. D. One buys latte out of true love of coffee. 54. What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage? A. We fail to realize our inner dispositions. B. We can be influenced by outside pressures. C. Our behaviour is the result of our true desires. D. Our characters can shape our social relationships. 55. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage? A. Personalities and attitudes. B. Preferences and habits. C. Behaviour and personalities. D. Attitudes and preferences. 【解析】 本文论述了人之所以成为某种性格的人是因为他或她在不断受到环境和他人的影响下而成为他或她 假装的那个人，这是一个悖论，但事实果真如此吗？读完该文，读者会有更多的思考空间。 52．A　细节理解题。由文章第一句及该题题干中的 commonly believed 可知由性格决定行为的见解颇 为常见。而后文则是对这种观点的反相论证。 53．A　推理判断题。答案 A 中的 indicate one's honesty 具有双关意义：拾金不昧是诚信的表现；拾金 不昧是为了给人诚信的印象。根据 Daryl Bem 的观点可知 A 项正确。 54．B　推理判断题。因为妻子或邻居不会认可不爱环境的行为，所以只有从众才能得到认可，而实 际上热爱环境是否是其本性却不得而知。由此可知，人的行为可受到来自外界压力的影响。 55．C　主旨大意题。全文通过对行为和性格的深刻分析得出结论。故选 C。 (2015﹒湖北﹒阅读理解 A) “I see you’ve got a bit of water on your coat,” said the man at the petrol station. “Is it raining out there?”“No, it’s pretty nice,” I replied, checking my sleeve. “Oh, right. A pony(马驹) bit me earlier.” As it happened, the bite was virtually painless: more the kind of small bite you might get from a naughty child. The pony responsible was queuing up for some ice cream in the car park near Haytor, and perhaps thought I’d jumped in ahead of him. The reason why the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is a tourist-heavy area and tourists are constantly feeding the ponies foods, despite sighs asking them not to. By feeding the ponies, tourists increase the risk of them getting hit by a car, and make them harder to gather during the area’s annual pony drift(迁移). The purpose of a pony drift is to gather them up so their health can be checked, the baby ones can be stooped from feeding on their mother’s milk, and those who’ve gone beyond their limited area can be returned to their correct area. Some of them are also later sold, in order to limit the number of ponies according to the rules set by Natural England. Three weeks ago, I witnessed a small near-disaster a few mils west of here. While walking, I noticed a pony roll over on his back. “Hello!” I said to him, assuming he was just rolling for fun, but he was very still and, as I got closer, I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily. I began to properly worry about him. Fortunately, I managed to get in touch with a Dartmoor’s Livestock Protection officer and send her a photo. The officer immediately sent a local farmer out to check on the pony. The pony had actually been trapped between two rocks. The farmer freed him, and he began to run happily around again. Dartmoor has 1,000 or so ponies, who play a critical role in creating the diversity of species in this area. Many people are working hard to preserve these ponies, and trying to come up with plans to find a sustainable(可持续的) future for one of Dartmoor’s most financially-troubled elements. 51.Why are tourists asked not to feed the ponies? A. To protect the tourists from being bitten B. To keep the ponies off the petrol station C. To avoid putting the ponies in danger D. To prevent the ponies from fighting 52.One of the purposes of the annual pony drift is ______________. A. to feed baby ponies on milk B. to control the number of poniesC. to expand the habitat for ponies D. to sell the ponies at a good price 53.What as the author’s first reaction when he saw a pony roll on its back? A. He freed it from the trap B. He called a protection officer C. He worried about it very much D. He thought of it as being naughty 54.What does the author imply about the preservation of Dartmoor’s ponies? A. It lacks people’s involvement. B. It costs a large amount of money C. It will affect tourism in Dartmoor. D. It has caused an imbalance of species 【解析】试题分析:这是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文记叙了作者在 Haytor 关于马驹的所见所闻，目 睹了马驹的淘气与脆弱，了解了马驹迁徙的原因以及保护马驹面临的困难。 51. C 细节理解题。根据第三段尾句“By feeding the ponies. tourits increase the risk of them gting hit bya car.and make them harder to gather during the area' s annual pony drift(迁移)”可知不让游 客给马驹喂食是为了避免使马驹处于危险中。故选 C 项。 52. B 细节理解题。根据第四段内容‘The purpose of a pony drit is to . Some of them are also... in arder to limitthe nunber of ponies. .”可知马驹迁移目的之一是为 了控制马驹的数量。故选 B 项。 53. D 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“... assuming he was just rolling for fun .”可知作者认为小 马驹很淘气;滚着玩的。故选 D 项。 54. B 推理判断题。根据最后一-段中尾句 “Many people are working hard to preserve these ponies. and trying to come up with plans to find a sustainable( 可 持 续 的 ) future for one of Dartmoor' s most financilly-troubledelements.”可知保护马驹是对 Dartmoor 来说是一笔很大的 开销 。故选 B 项。 (2015﹒湖北﹒阅读理解 C)Hilversum is a medium-sized city between the major cities of Amsterdam and Utrecht in the Gooi area of North Holland, the Netherlands. Unlike most of the Netherlands, Hilversum is actually in a hilly area with the soil mostly consisting of sand. Once called the Garden of Amsterdam, it still attracts travelers to come over to cycle and walk through the surrounding forests. They visit it for a relaxing day off from the urban madness. For Dutch people, Hilversum is all about textile (纺织) and media industries, and modern architecture. In history, Hilversum was largely an agricultural area. Daily life was marked by farming, sheep raising and wool production. A railway link to Amsterdam in 1874 attracted rich traders from Amsterdam to Hilversum. They build themselves large villas (别墅) in the wooded surroundings of the town. One of the families moving in was the Brenninkmeijers, currently the wealthiest family of the Netherlands. They moved in after big success in the textile industry and aided a substantial textile industry in Hilversum. But the textile boom lasted only several decades. The last factory closed in the 1960s. The change to a media economy started in 1920, when the Nederlandse Seintoestedllen Fabriek (NSF) established a radio factory in Hiversum. Most radio stations called in the large villas in the leafy areas of the town. Television gave another push to the local economy. Hilversum became the media capital of the Netherlands, and Dutch televison stars moved into the leafy neighborhoods surrounding the town. In the early 1900s, modern architcts W.M. Dudok and J. Duiker placed hundreds of remarkable buildings in Hilversum. These modern architectural masterpieces ( 杰 作 ) are so many that Hilversum almost feels like an open air museum. Dudok alone shaped most 20th century Hilversum and approximately 75 buildings in 1928-1931. It has wide international fame and is included in many architecture textbooks. The building has a remarkable shape and looks like a combination of “blocks”. Actually, one may start his journey of modern architecture by walking or biking the W.M. Dudok Architectural Route in Hilversum. 59.Hilversum is different from most of the Netherlands in that ______. A. it has a large population B. it is cut off from big citiesC. it has many beautiful gardens D. it is in a hilly area with sandy soil 60.What was the greatest contribution of the Brenninkmeijers to Hilversum? A. Building a railway link to Amsterdam B. Helping its textile industry to develop C. Constructing large villas for the poor D. Assisting its agricultural industry 61.The beginning of the media industry in Hilversum was marked by the establishment of ______. A. a radio factory B. the medial capital C. a radio station D. a TV station 62.What is known about W.M. Dudok’s Hilversum Town Hall? A. It consists of approximately 75 buildings B. It looks like an open air museum in the city C. It is a classic example in architecture textbooks D. It has shaped most of 20th century Hilvesum. 【解析】 试题分析：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了荷兰 Hilversum 这一地区的地貌特征、工业发展和现 代建筑。 59. D 细节理解题。根据首段第二句“Unlike most of the Netherlands, Hilversum is actually a hilly area …”可知 Hilversum 不同于荷兰其他地方之处在于它属于沙土丘陵地带。故选 D 项。 60.B 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第三句“They moved in after big success in the textile industry and aided a substantial textile industry in Hilversum”可知 Brennikmeijers 为 Hilversum 的纺织业 做出了巨大的贡献。故选 B 项。61.A 细节理解题。根据第三段首句“The change to a media economy started in 1920, … established a radio factory in Hilversum”可知 Hilversum 传媒业兴起的兴起是以一家无线电厂的建立为标 志的。故选 A 项。 62.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第三、四句“His master piece… It has wide international fame and is included in many architecture textbooks”可知 W. M. Dudok’s Hilversum Town Hall 是建筑 教科书中的一个典范。故选 C 项。 (2015﹒湖北﹒阅读理解 E) Science has a lot of uses. It can uncover laws of nature, cure diseases, make bombs, and help bridges to stand up. Indeed science is so good at what it does that there’s always a temptation(诱惑) to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful. David Brooks, author of The Social Animal: The Hidden Sources of Love, Character,and Achievement, appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation. Brooks gained fame for several books. His latest book The Social Animal, however, is more ambitious and serious than his earlier books. It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics. The book focuses on big questions: What has science revealed about human nature? What are the sources of character? And why are some people happy and successful while others aren’t? To answer these questions, Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines（学科）. Considering this, you might expect the book to be a dry recitation of facts. But Brooks has structured his book in an unorthodox(非常规的), and perhaps unfortunate, way. Instead of introducing scientific theories, he tells a story, within which he tries to make his points, perhaps in order to keep the reader’s attention.So as Harold and Erica, the hero and heroine in his story, live through childhood, we hear about the science of child development and as they begin to date we hear about the theory of sexual attraction. Brooks carries this through to the death of one of his characters. On the whole,Brooks’s story is acceptable if uninspired. As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. I enjoyed, for instance, the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own. While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters, the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere. These problems partly involve Brooks’s attempt to translate his tale into science. 67.The author mentions the functions of science at the beginning of the passage to__________. A. illustrate where science can be applied B. demonstrate the value of Brooks’s new book C. remind the reader of the importance of science D. explain why many writers use science in their works 68.According to the author, which of the following could be a strength of the book? A. Its strong basis. B. Its convincing points. C. Its clear writing. D. Its memorable characters. 69.What is the author’s general attitude towards the book? A. Contradictory. B. Supportive. C . Cautious. D. Critical. 70.What is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph? A. Problems with the book. B. Brooks’s life experience. C. Death of the characters. D. Brooks’s translation skills. 【解析】 试题分析：本文是一篇议论文。文章先列举出科学的许多功能，接着指出科学有巨大的诱惑 力，以致许多作家抵挡不住这种诱惑，在文学作品中运用到科学。并以 Brooks 的新书 The social animal 为例，批判地分析这本书的优势和不足。 67.D 写作用意题。首段第一、二句首先列举出科学的许多功能，接着指出科学有巨大的诱惑 力，以致许多作家抵挡不住这种诱惑，在文学作品中运用到科学。故选 D 项。68.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“…, his writing is mostly clear and , to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. I enjoyed,… ”可知作者认为写作思路清晰是这本书的一大优势。故选 C 项。 69.D 观点态度题。最后一段中的链接词“while”之前是这本书的优势，其后作者指出了其不足。 因此作者对这部书持批判的态度。故选 D 项。 70. A 篇章结构题。文章最后一段中链接词“while”后面部分开始谈论这本书存在的问题。因此 紧接着作者应该还是在写这本的不足。故选 A 项。 (2015﹒北京﹒阅读理解 D) Technological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life, mostly for the better. However, social changes are brought about by new technology are often mistaken for a change in attitudes. An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of their children who are attending college. Surveys ( 调 查 ) on this topic suggests that parents today continue to be “very” or “somewhat” overly-protective even after their children move into college dormitories. The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater today than it was a generation ago. This is usually interpreted as a sign that today’s parents are trying to manage their children’s lives past the point where this behavior is appropriate. However, greater parental involvement does not necessarily indicate that parents are failing to let go of their “adult” children. In the context (背景) of this discussion, it seems valuable to first find out the cause of change in the case of parents’ involvement with their grown children. If parents of earlier generations had wanted to be in touch with their college-age children frequently, would this have been possible? Probably not. On the other hand, does the possibility of frequent communication today mean that the urge to do so wasn’t present a generation ago? Many studies show that older parents - today’s grandparents - would have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier. Furthermore, studies show that finances are the most frequent subject of communication between parents and their college children. The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new; nor are requests for more money to be sent from home. This phenomenon is neither good nor bad; it is a fact of college life, today and in the past. Thanks to the advanced technology, we live in an age of bettered communication. This has many implications well beyondthe role that parents seem to play in the lives of their children who have left for college. But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings. 67. The surveys inform us of ______. A. the development of technology B. the changes of adult children’s behavior C. the parents’ over-protection of their college children D. the means and expenses of students’ communication 68. The writer believes that ______. A. parents today are more protective than those in the past B. the disadvantages of new technology outweigh itsadvantages C. technology explains greater parental involvement with theirchildren D. parents’ changed attitudes lead to college children’s delayedindependence 69. What is the best title for the passage? A. Technology or Attitude B. Dependence or Independence C. Family Influence or Social Changes D. College Management or Communication Advancement 70. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?【解析】 试题分析：以父母对于上大学的成年子女过度保护的问题为例，提出了科技带来的一些改变 容易被误认为态度的改变的论点。 67.C 细节理解题。答案在第二段第二句话，parents today continues to be “very” or “somewhat” overly-protective even after their children move into college dormitories”调查显示现在的父母在 孩子上大学之后仍然非常或者某种程度上地过度保护子女。故选 C。 68.C 观点态度题。第三段作者提出调查的结果并不能理解为现在的家长对孩子不放手，接下 来的两段作者论述了出现这种结果的真正原因是科技的发展使得交流手段更丰富，成本更低 廉。见第四段最后一句“Many studies show that older parents—today’s grandparents—would have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier。最后一段 更是再次强调了这种观点。故选 C。 69.A 主旨大意题。由第一段第二句话得出。这种科技的改变容易被误认为态度的改变。第 2-5 段讨论到底是科技还是态度的改变。第 6 段再次明确表示是科技的改变。故选 A。 70.B 文章结构题。文章第一段是 introduction，第二段是第一个论点，指出父母在子女生活中 参与度提高的现象。第三段是第二个论点(关键词 However)，指出通过调查并不能推断出父母未能对子女放手，分论点一是科技的进步导致父母对子女生活更多的参与，分论点二(关键词 Furthermore)是子女经济不独立导致父母对子女生活的过多参与。最后一段总结。故选 B。 (2015﹒北京﹒阅读理解 D) Freedom and Responsibility Freedom’s challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic. We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it. Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses. In Greece, in Athens (雅典), a little city in a little country, there were no helpless masses. And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free men live together. They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert.The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted. A man was free if he was self-controlled. To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom. They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair. Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens, not because it was forced on him from the outside, but because the city was his pride and his safety. The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state. But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers. It cannot be discovered once for all. If people do not prize it, and work for it, it will go. Constant watch is its price. Athens changed. It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance, a spiritual change which affected the whole state. It had been the Athenian’ s pride and joy to give to their city. That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds. There had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her citizens for doing her work. Now instead of men giving to the state, the state was to give to them. What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the primary object, ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing. Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share. Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility. There could be only one result. If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free. Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom. It is to be had on no other terms. Athens, the Athens of Ancient Greece, refused responsibility; she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again. But, “the excellent becomes the permanent”, Aristotle said. Athens lost freedom forever, but freedom was not lost forever for the world. A great American, James Madison, referred to: “The capacity (能力) of mankind for self-government.” No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking Greek. Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind, but once man has a great and good idea, it is never completely lost. The Digital Age cannot destroy it. Somehow in this or that man’s thought such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of action. One can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out into action only sure that it will do so sometime. 65. What does the underlined word “tyrannies” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. Countries where their people need help. B. Powerful states with higher civilization. C. Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom. D. Governments ruled with absolute power. 66.People believing in freedom are those who________ . A. regard their life as their own business B. seek gains as their primary object C. behave within the laws and value systems D. treat others with kindness and pity 67.What change in attitude took place in Athens? A. The Athenians refused to take their responsibility. B. The Athenians no longer took pride in the city. C. The Athenians benefited spiritually from the government. D. The Athenians looked on the government as a business.68.What does the sentence “There could be only one result.” in Paragraph 5 mean? A. Athens would continue to be free. B. Athens would cease to have freedom. C. Freedom would come from responsibility. D. Freedom would stop Athens from self-dependence. 69.Why does the author refer to Aristotle and Madison? A. The author is hopeful about freedom. B. The author is cautious about self-government. C. The author is skeptical of Greek civilization. D. The author is proud of man’s capacity. 70. What is the author’s understanding of freedom? A. Freedom can be more popular in the digital age. B. Freedom may come to an end in the digital age. C. Freedom should have priority over responsibility. D. Freedom needs to be guaranteed by responsibility. 【解析】 试题分析：这是一篇历史文化类说明文。文章讲述了自由的起源、演变和它在古代文化下的 形态和缺陷，以及数字化世界给自由带来的挑战。 65. D 词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句子后半句“one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses”可知 tyrannies 是指拥有绝对统治权的政府。故选 D 项。 66.C 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，雅典人之所以能自由地生活在一起，是因为他们能 够自愿在法律规定和价值体系下下从事一起活动。故选 C 项。 67.A 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，雅典人后来态度发生了改变，因为他们开始认为政 府应该为他们的劳动付费，给他们提供舒适的生活，而个人的自律和责任意识变得淡薄。故 选 A 项。68. B 句 意 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 五 段 第 三 句 “If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free”可知唯一的 结果就是雅典人不再享有自由。故选 B 项。 69.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“Athens lost freedom forever, but freedom was not lost forever for the world.”及“Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind, but once man has a great and good idea, it is never completely lost. The Digital Age cannot destroy it.”可知作者并没 有因此而失去信心，相反对自由充满了希望。故选 A 项。 70.D 观点态度题。作者通过雅典人对自由态度变化的对比，得出自由需要责任的保证这一结 论，故选 D 项。 (2015﹒广东﹒阅读理解 B) When I was nine years old, I loved to go fishing with my dad. But the only thing that wasn’t very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldn’t catch anything. I usually got pretty upset and kept asking him why. He always answered, “Son, if you want to catch a fish, you have to think like a fish”, I remember being even more upset then because, “I’m not a fish!” I didn’t know how to think like a fish. Besides, I reasoned, how could what I think influence what a fish does? As I got a little older I began to understand what my dad really meant. So, I read some books on fish. And I even joined the local fishing club and started attending the monthly meetings. I learned that a fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature. That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer. Besides, water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade. Yet, fish don’t have any eyelids(眼皮) and the sun huts their eyes… The more I understood fish, the more I became effective at finding and catching them.. When I grew up and entered the business world, I remember hearing my first boss say, “We all need to think like sales people.” But it didn’t completely make sense. My dad never once said, “If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.” What he said was, “You need to think like a fish.” Years later, with great efforts to promote long-term services to people much older and richer than me, I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers. It is not an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters. 31. Why was the author upset in fishing trips when he was nine? A. He could not catch a fish. B. His father was not patient with him. C. His father did not teach him fishing. D. He could not influence a fish as his father did. 32. What did the author’s father really mean? A. To read about fish. B. To learn fishing by oneself. C. To understand what fish think. D. To study fishing in many ways. 33. According to the author, fish are most likely to be found _________. A. in deep water on sunny days B. in deep water on cloudy days C. in shallow water under sunlight D. in shallow water under waterside trees. 34. After entering the business world, the author found _________. A. it easy to think like a customer B. his father’s fishing advice inspiring C. his first boss’s sales ideas reasonable D. it difficult to sell services to poor people 35. This passage most likely comes from _________. A. a fishing guide B. a popular sales book C. a novel on childhood D. a millionaire’s biography【解析】 试题分析：本文叙述了作者通过以父亲教授他钓鱼时，要像鱼一样思考，学会钓鱼的道理， 告诉大家从事商业销售时要像消费者一样去思考。 31. A 细节理解题。根据第一段的 But that wasn’t very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldn’t catch anything. I usually got pretty upset. 可知作者感到难过，是因为他 捉不到一条鱼。故选 A。 32. D 推理判断题。根据 The more I understood fish, the more I became effective at finding and catching them.“我越了解鱼，我越能有效的找到鱼，抓住鱼”可知此处父亲的意思是要我了解 钓鱼的方法，故选 D。 33. D 推理判断题。根据 That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water 可知鱼喜欢在浅水里， 不喜欢在深水里，故排除 AB 两项。根据 water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade. Yet, fish don’t have any eyelids（眼皮）and the sun hurts their eyes.可知鱼喜欢呆在阴凉 处，不喜欢呆在阳光直射的地方，故排除 C 项。D 项水边树下的浅水处，是鱼喜欢呆的地方， 故此处更有可能发现鱼。故选 D。 34. B 推理判断题。根据 I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers“我逐 渐了解我们需要像消费者一样去思考”这与父亲的“You need to think like a fish”相似，因此这 是父亲的话给他的启发。故选 B。 35. B 推理判断题。根据 It is not an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters“这不 是一份轻松的工作，我将在下面几章里向你们展示如何去做”，故推断这是在教授大家如何去 销售的书。故选 B。 (2015﹒广东﹒阅读理解 D) It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction. Each class had unique characteristics. In recent years, many writers have begun to speak the 'decline of class' and 'classless society' in Britain. And in modern day consumer society everyone is considered to be middle class. But pronouncing the death of class is too early. A recent wide-ranging society of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in particular class; 73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society; and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class differences. Thus, class may not be culturally and politically obvious, yet it remains an important part of British society. Britain seems to have a love of stratification. One unchanging aspect of a British person's class position is accent. The words a person speaks tell her or his class. A study of British accents during 1970s found that a voice sounding like a BBC newsreader was viewed as the most attractive voice, Most people said this accent sounded 'educated' and 'soft'. The accents placed at the bottom in this study, on the other hand, were regional （地区的）city accents. These accents were seen as 'common' and 'ugly'. However, a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least. This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class prejudice. In recent years, however, young upper middle-class people in London, have begun to adopt some regional accents, in order to hide their class origins. This is an indication of class becoming unnoticed. However, the 1995 pop song 'Common People' puts forward the view that though a middle-class person may 'want to live like common people' they can never appreciate the reality of a working-class life. 41. A recent study of public opinion shows that in modern Britain ________. A. it is time to end class distinction B. most people belong to middle class C. it is easy to recognize a person’s class D. people regard themselves socially different 42. The word stratification in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________. A. variety B. most people belong to middle class C. authority D. qualification 43. The study in the US showed that BBC English was regarded as _________. A. regionalB. educated C. prejudiced D. unattractive 44. British attitudes towards accent _________. A. have a long tradition B. are based on regional status C. are shared by the Americans D. have changed in recent years 45. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The middle class is expanding B. A person’s accent reflects his class C. Class is a key part of British society D. Each class has unique characteristics. 【解析】 试题分析：这篇短文给我们讲述了在英国社会中，阶级划分是重要的一部分。作者在短文中 给我们介绍了两项调查，通过调查的结果我们可以看到，英国社会里的阶级划分没有消失， 它是英国社会重要的一部分。 41.D 细节理解题。根据短文第三段的内容可知，关于“阶级消亡”的说法，在英国对大众进行 了一个调查，结果发现 90%的人们仍然把自己划分在一定的阶层中；73%的人认为阶级是英 国社会一个必不可少的部分。由此可知人们仍然认为他们在社会中是有区别的，故选 D。 42.B 词义猜测题。根据短文第三段的内容可知，根据一项关于英国社会阶级是否开始消亡的 调查可知，绝大多数人仍然认为英国社会中存在不同的阶级，这是英国社会中重要的一部分。 由此可知，英国人好像对阶级划分非常热衷。stratification 划分，跟 B 选项是同义词，故选 B。 43.D 细节理解题。根据第四段中 However, a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least.可知，美国关于英语口音的调查结果正好和英国的调查结果相反，他们认为一些地方口音是最吸引人的，而 BBC 的英语是最不吸引人的，故选 D。 44.D 推理判断题。根据短文的最后一段的内容可知，In recent years, however, young upper middle-class people in London, have begun to adopt some regional accents，可见，现在英国人们 对待口音的态度开始改变了。故选 D。 45.C 主旨大意题。这篇短文给我们讲述了在英国社会中，阶级划分是重要的一部分。作者在 短文中给我们介绍了两项调查，其中一项告诉我们大多数人们觉得阶级是英国社会必不可少 的一部分；另一项调查是关于人们说好的口音，英国和美国的调查结果正好相反，也说明了 英国阶级划分的根源非常深。由此可知 C 选项：阶级是英国社会中的一个重要部分符合短文 的大意。故选 C。 (2015﹒陕西﹒阅读理解 D) Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school grades. Other forms of prenatal involvement, including volunteering at school and observing a child's class, also fail to help, according to the most recent study on the topic. The findings challenge a key principle of modern parenting(养育子女) where schools except them to act as partners in their children's education. Previous generations concentrated on getting children to school on time, fed, dressed and ready to learn. Kaith Robinson, the author of the study, said, "I really don't know if the public is ready for this but there are some ways parents can be involved in their kids' education that leads to declines in their academic performance. One of the things that was consistently negative was parents' help with homework." Robinson suggested that may be because parents themselves struggle to understand the task." They may either not remember the material their kids are studying now, or in some cases never learnt it themselves, but they're still offering advice." Robinson assessed parental involvement performance and found one of the most damaging things a parent could do was to punish their children for poor marks. In general, about 20% of parental involvement was positive, about 45% negative and the rest statistically insignificant. Common sense suggests it was a good thing for parents to get involved because "children with good academic success do have involved parents ", admitted Robinson. But he argued that this did not prove parental involvement was the root cause of that success." A big surprise was that Asian-American parents whose kids are doing so well in school hardly involved. They took a more reasonable approach, conveying to their children how success at school could improve their lives." 58. The underlined expression "parental involvement " in Paragraph 1 probably means . A. parents' expectation on children's health B. parents' participation in children's education C. parents' control over children's life D. parents' plan for children's future 59. What is the major finding of Robinson's study ? A. Modern parents raise children in a more scientific way. B. Punishing kids for bad marks is mentally damaging. C. Parental involvement is not so beneficial as expected. D. Parents are not able to help with children’s homework. 60. The example of Asian-American parents implies that parents should . A. help children realize the importance of schooling B. set a specific life goal for their children C. spend more time improving their own lives D. take a more active part in school management 【解析】 试题分析：文章介绍和很多人预期不同的是父母过度地参与孩子的教育未必有好的效果。父 母应该帮助孩子意识到学校教育的重要性。 58.句意理解题。根据第一段的句子：Other forms of parental involvement, including volunteering at school and observing a child’s class,可知“parental involvement”指的是“父母参与孩子的教 育”，故选 B。 59.细节理解题。根据文章第二段的句子：but there are some ways parents can be involved in their kids’ education that leads to declines in their academic performance.可知 Robinson 的研究发现 是父母参与孩子的教育没有预料的那么有效，故选 C。 60.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的句子：They took a more reasonable approach, conveying to their children how success at school could improve their lives.可知美国父母的例子暗示父母应 该帮助孩子意识到学校教育的重要性，故选 A。 (2015﹒四川﹒阅读理解 C) Across Britain, burnt toast will be served to mothers in bed this morning as older sons and daughters rush to deliver their supermarket bunches of flowers, But, according to a new study, we should be placing a higher value on motherhood all year. Mothers have long known that their home workload was just as heavy as paid work. Now, the new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labours, they would earn as much as＄ 172,000 a year. The study looked at the range of jobs mothers do, as well as the hours they are working, to determine the figure. This would make their yearly income ￡30,000 more than the Prime Minister earns. By analysing the numbers, it found the average mother works 119 hours a week,40 of which would usually be paid at a standard rate and 79 hours as overtime. After questioning 1,000 mothers with children under 18,it found that ,on most days, mums started their routine work at 7am and finished at around 11pm. To calculate just how much mothers would earn from that labour, it suggested some of the roles that mums could take on, including housekeeper, part-time lawyer, personal trainer and entertainer. Being a part-time lawyer, at ￡48.98 an hour, would prove to be the most profitable of the “mum jobs”,with psychologist（心理学家）a close second. It also asked mothers about the challenges they face, with 80 percent making emotional（情感 的） demand as the hardest thing about motherhood. Over a third of mums felt they needed more training and around half said they missed going out with friends. The study shows mothers matter all year long and not just on Mother’s Day. The emotional ,physical and mental energy mothers devote to their children can be never-ending, but children are also sources of great joy and happiness. Investing（投入）in time for parenting and raising relationships is money well spent. 38.How much would a mother earn a year if working as the Prime Minister? A.￡30,000. B.￡142,000. C.￡172,000. D.￡202,000. 39.The biggest challenge for most mothers is from. A. emotional demand B. low pay for work C. heavy workload D. lack of training 40.What is stressed in the last paragraph? A. Mothers’importance shows in family all year long. B. The sacrifices mothers make are huge but worthwhile. C. Mothers’devotion to children can hardly be calculated. D. Investing time in parenting would bring a financial return. 41.What can we conclude from the study? A. Mothers’working hours should be largely reduced. B. Mothers should balance their time for work and rest. C. Mothers’labour is of a higher value than it is realised. D .Mothers should be freed from housework for social life. 【解析】：这是一篇写在母亲节的文章，在母亲节这一天，每个人都会对母亲做出一些事， 比如一束花等等，但是作者认为，母亲这一职业值得全年的关注，因为它包含太多。 38.B 细节理解题。根据文章的 they would earn as much as＄172,000 a year.以及 This would make their yearly income ￡3000 more than the Prime Minister earns.可知 ，总理 的工资 是 172000-30000=142000。故选择 B。 39.A 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段的 It also asked mothers about the challenges they face, with 80 percent making emotional（情感的） demand as the hardest thing about motherhood.可知， 选择 A。 40.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段的 The emotional ,physical and mental energy mothers devote to their children can be never-ending, but children are also sources of great joy and happiness.可知，选 择 B，指母亲付出的牺牲是巨大的，但是又是值得的。 41.C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段的 But, according to a new study, we should be placing a higher value on motherhood all year.可知，作者认为母亲的重要性应该得到更多的关注，故选择 C。 (2015﹒天津﹒阅读理解 D) Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I went to a friend. He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice I’ve ever had: Be bold and brave — and mighty (强大的) forces will come to your aid. Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past, it was seldom because I had tried and failed. It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all. On the other hand, whenever I had plunged into deep water, forced by courage or circumstance, I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again. Boldness means a decision to bite off more than you can eat. And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces. They are potential powers we possess: energy, skill, sound judgment, creative ideas — even physical strength greater than most of us realize. Admittedly, those mighty forces are spiritual ones. But they are more important than physical ones. A college classmate of mine, Tim, was an excellent football player, even though he weighed much less than the average player. “In one game I suddenly found myself confronting a huge player, who had nothing but me between him and our goal line,” said Tim. “I was so frightened that I closed my eyes and desperately threw myself at that guy like a bullet（子弹） — and stopped him cold.” Boldness — a willingness to extend yourself to the extreme—is not one that can be acquired overnight. But it can be taught to children and developed in adults. Confidence builds up. Surely, there will be setbacks ( 挫 折 ) and disappointments in life; boldness in itself is no guarantee of success. But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds. So, always try to live a little bit beyond your abilities—and you’ll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed. 51. Why was the author sometimes unable to reach his goal in the past? A. He faced huge risks.B. He lacked mighty forces. C. Fear prevented him from trying. D. Failure blocked his way to success. 52.What is the implied meaning of the underlined part? A. Swallow more than you can digest. B. Act slightly above your abilities. C. Develop more mysterious powers. D. Learn to make creative decisions. 53. What was especially important for Tim’s successful defense in the football game? A. His physical strength. B. His basic skill. C. His real fear. D. His spiritual force. 54. What can be learned from Paragraph 5? A. Confidence grows more rapidly in adults. B. Trying without success is meaningless. C. Repeated failure creates a better life. D. Boldness can be gained little by little. 55. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A. To encourage people to be courageous. B. To advise people to build up physical power. C. To tell people the ways to guarantee success. D. To recommend people to develop more abilities. 【解析】试题分析:文章大意:本文是一篇议论文。作者联系自己的经历说明了大胆的重要性， 并鼓励人们有勇气和胆量。 51. C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段 It was usually because I had 1et fear of failure stop me from trying at all 可知作者过去没能达成目标是因为他害怕失败。故选 C。 52. B 词句猜测题。根据后句 And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces 可以推测出 这里为“行为略高于你的能力”之意。故选 B。.53. D 细节理解题。根据第四段首句中 Adnittedly. those mighty forces are spirtual ones.可知在于 他的精神力量。选 D。 54. D 段落大意题。根据第五段首句 Boldness - - a willingness to extend yoursef to the extreme- -is not one that can be acquired overnight.可以知道大胆是一点点获得的。 故选 D。 55. A 推理判断题。根据全文内容可知作者联系自己的经历说明了大胆的重要性,并鼓励人们 有勇'气和胆量。故选 A。 (2015﹒浙江﹒阅读理解 A) From the very beginning of school we make books and reading a constant source of possible failure and public humiliation. When children are little we make them read aloud, before the teacher and other children, so that we can be sure they “know” all the words they are reading. This means that when they don’t know a word, they are going to make a mistake, right in front of everyone. After having taught fifth-grade classes for four years, I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear and dislike of books, and to get them to read oftener and more adventurously. One day soon after school had started, I said to them, “Now I’m going to say something about reading that you have probably never heard a teacher say before. I would like you to read a lot of books this year, but I want you to read them only for pleasure. I am not going to ask you questions to find out whether you understand the books or not. If you understand enough of a book to enjoy it and want to go on reading it, that’s enough for me. Also I’m not going to ask you what words mean. “ The children sat stunned and silent. Was this a teacher talking? One girl, who had just come to us from a school where she had had a very hard time, looked at me steadily for a long time after I had finished. Then, still looking at me, she said slowly and seriously, Mr Holt, do you really mean that?” I said just as seriously, “I mean every word of it. During the spring she really astonished me. One day, she was reading at her desk, From a glimpse of the illustrations I thought I knew what the book was. I said to myself, “It can’t be,” and went to take a closer look. Sure enough, she was reading Moby Dick , in edition with woodcuts. I said, “Don’t you find parts of it rather heavy going?” She answered, Oh, sure, but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part. “ This is exactly what reading should be and in school so seldom is,an exciting, joyous adventure. Find something, dive into it, take the good parts, skip the bad parts, get what you can out of it, go on to something else. How different is our mean-spirited, picky insistence that every child get every last little scrap of “understanding” that can be dug out of a book. 41. According to the passage, children’s fear and dislike of books may result from________. A. reading little and thinking little B. reading often and adventurously C. being made to read too much D. being made to read aloud before others 42. The teacher told his students to read______ . A. for enjoyment B. for knowledge C. for a larger vocabulary D. for higher scores in exams 43. Upon hearing the teacher’s talk, the children probably felt that________. A. it sounded stupid B. it was not surprising at all C. it sounded too good to be true D. it was no different from other teachers' talk 44. Which of the following statements about the girl is TRUE according to the passage? A. She skipped over those easy parts while reading. B. She had a hard time finishing the required reading tasks. C. She learned to appreciate some parts of the difficult books. D. She turned out to be a top student after coming to this school. 45. From the teacher's point of view,_________ . A. children cannot tell good parts from bad parts while reading B. children should be left to decide what to read and how to read C. reading is never a pleasant and inspiring experience in school D. reading involves understanding every little piece of information【解析】 试题分析：作者认为阅读应该是一种快乐，而不是强迫性的阅读，强调通过快乐阅读培养阅 读习惯。 41. D 细节理解题 题目的意思是根据文段孩子们害怕或者是不喜欢读书是因____。根据第 一段第四行“This means that when they don’t know a word, they are going to make a mistake, right in front of everyone”. 意为这意味着当他们不知道单词的时候，他们会犯错，而且是在所有的 人面前犯错，这会给他们带来一些害怕。 42. A 细节理解题 根据第二段作者的话“Now I’m going to say something about reading that you have probably never heard a teacher say before. I would like you to read a lot of books this year, but I want you to read them only for pleasure. I am not going to ask you questions to find out whether you understand the books or not. If you understand enough of a book to enjoy it and want to go on reading it, that’s enough for me. Also I’m not going to ask you what words mean.”“,but I want you to read them only for pleasure.” 意为“现在我要说一些关于阅读的事情，你可能从来没 有听说过一个老师说。我希望你读很多书，但今年，我想让你读书只为乐趣。我不想问你问 题，是否理解文章。如果你足够理解一个喜欢这本书，想去读它，这对我来说已经足够了。 我也不想问你单词的意思。”在这里 enjoyment，enjoy 和 pleasure 是同义词。所以答案选 A 43. C 细节理解题 根据“The children sat stunned and silent. 孩子们震惊和沉默地坐着。”第三 段第四行“seriously, ‘Mr. Holt, do you really mean that?’”不能得出答案。当老师说了这些话之后， 孩子们都很震惊耶，很奇怪，所以他会确定问老师是不是真的这样？这表明学生是很不太相 信的。答案选项的 it sounded too good to be true，意为听起来太好了以致不相信这是真的。 44. C 细节理解题这种题目是判断正误题，答题时一定要细心选择是错误还是正确的。此题 选择的是正确的，也就意味着有 3 个是错误，只有一个是正确的。根据第四段最后一句话“She answered, Oh, sure, but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part. “她回答说，哦， 当然，但我只是跳过这些部分，继续读下一个好的部分。“可以得出答案是这个女孩知道如何 欣赏这些文章。 45. B 细节理解题 四个选项的意思分别是 A 孩子在阅读的时候不能够区别好的部分以及不好 的部分；B 应该留给学生孩子自己去选择，读什么以及如何读；C 在学校阅读永远不会是一个愉快和启发性的体验；D 阅读需要理解每一部分的信息。其实根据常识可以判断 C 和 D 是 错误的，然后再结合全文大意，作者认为孩子不应该是强迫去读，要让他们自己读，选择材 料读。 (2015﹒浙江﹒阅读理解 B) Graph can be a very useful tool for conveying information especially numbers， percentages,and other data . A graph gives the reader a picture to interpret. That can be a lot more pages and pages and pages explaining the data . Graphs can seem frightening, but reading a graph is a lot like reading a story. The graph has a title ,a main idea ,and supporting details .You can use your active reading skills to analyze and understand graphs just like any other text . Most graphs have a few basic parts: a caption or introduction paragraph, a title , a legend or key, and labeled axes. An active reader looks at each part of the graph before trying to interpret the data. Captions will usually tell you where the data came from (for example, a scientific study of 400 African elephants from 1980 to 2005). Captions usually summarize the author's main point as well. The title is very important. It tells you the main idea of the graph by stating what kind of information is being shown. A legend, also called a key,is a guide to the symbols and colors used in the graph. Many graphs, including bar graphs and line graphs, have two axes that form a corner, Usually these axes are the left side and the bottom of the graph .Each axis will always have a label. The label tells you what each axis measures. Bar Graphs A bar graph has two axes and uses bars to show amounts. In Graph 1 ,we see that the x-axis shows grades that students earned, and the y-axis shows bow many students earned each grade .You can see that 6 students earned an A because the bar for A stretches up to 6 on the vertical measurement. There is a lot of information we can get from a simple graph like this(See Graph 1). Line Graphs A line graph looks similar to a bar graph ,but instead of Bars, it plots points and connects them with a line .It has the same parts as a bar graph – two labeled axes –and can be read the same way .To read a line graph, it’s important to focus on the points of intersection rather than the line segments between the points, This type of graph is most commonly used to show how something changes over time. Here is a graph that charts how far a bird flies during the first Five days of its spring migration (See Graph 2). The unit of measurement for the x-axis is days. The unit of measurement for the y-axis is kilometers. Thus we can see that ,on the first day, the pipit flew 20 kilometers. The line segment goes up between Day 1 and Day 2,which means that the bird flew farther on Day 2.If the line segment angled dawn, as between Day 4 and Day 5,it would mean that the bird flew fewer kilometers than the day before. This line graph is a quick, visual way to tell the reader about the bird’s migration. Pie Graphs A typical pie graph looks like a circular pie. The circle is divided into sections, and each section represents a fraction of the data. The graph is commonly used to show percentages; the whole pie represents l00 percent, so each piece is a fraction of the whole. A pie graph might include a legend，or it might use icons or labels within each slice. This pie graph shows on month’s expense, (See Graph 3 ). Food $ 25 Movies $ 12 Clothing $ 36 Savings $ 20 Books $ 746. When used in a graph，a legend is_____ A. a guide to the symbols and colors B. an introduction paragraph C. the main idea D. the data 47. What is the total number of students who earned a C or better ? A .4. B.6. C.10. D.20 . 48. The bird covered the longest distance on _____ A. Day 1 B. Day 2 C. Day 3 D. Day 4 49. Which of the following cost Amy most ? A. Food. B. Books C. Movies D. Clothing. 【解析】 试题分析：这是一篇说明文介绍图表的类型以及相关作用，通过对条形图、线形图和饼形图 的介绍，让学生学会读图，运用英语解决实际问题。 46.A 根据第三段可以得出答案，第三段出现了两次 legend，第一次是在第一行 a legend or key ， 第二次是在第六行 A legend, also called a key,is a guide to the symbols and colors used in the graph.” 一个图例，也被称为一个关键，是一个指导图中使用的符号和颜色。“而且答案直接 可以在第六行找到，与答案选项表述一样 a guide to the symbols and colors。 47.D 根据表述”In Graph 1 ,we see that the x-axis shows gradesthat students earned, and the y-axis shows bow manystudents earned each grade .You can see that 6 studentsearned an A because the bar for A stretches up to 6 on thevertical measurement. 在图 1 中，我们看到 X 轴显示学生获得 的等级，Y 轴显示每个等级的学生数。可以看到，6 的学生获得了 A，因为在它延伸到 6 垂 直测量。“可以得出答案。另外其实不需要看文字说明，直接看图读图就可以得出答案。C 以 上就是包含 A，B，C，其中 A 为 6， B 为 10，C 为 4，所以答案为 20 48.C 不需要看文字说明，直接看图读图就可以得出答案。从曲线图可以得出答案是 Day3。 49.D 不需要看文字说明，直接看图读图就可以得出答案。 从扇形图可以得出 Clothing 占比 例最多。 (2015﹒浙江﹒阅读理解 D) In 2004 ,when my daughter Becky was ten , she and my husband ,Joe, were united in their desire for a dog . As for me , I shared none of their canine lust. But why , they pleaded. “Because I don’t have time to take care of a dog.” But we’ll do it.”Really? You’re going to walk the dog? Feed the dog? Bathe the dog?” Yes, yes , and yes .”I don’t believe you .” We will . We promise. They didn’t . From day two (everyone wanted to walk the cute puppy that first day ) , neither thought to walk the dog . While I was slow to accept that I would be the one to keep track of her shots , to schedule her vet appointments , to feed and clean her , Misty knew this on day one . As she looked up at the three new humans in her life (small, medium, and large) , she calculated ,”The medium one is the sucker in the pack .” Quickly, she and I developed something very similar to a Vulcan mind meld (心灵融合) . She’d look at me with those sad brown eyes of hers , beam her need , and then wait , trusting I would understand — which , strangely , I almost always did . In no time , she became my feet as I read , and splaying across my stomach as I watched television . Even so , part of me continued to resent walking duty . Joe and Becky had promised. Not fair , I’d balk (不心甘情愿地做) silently as she and I walked . “Not fair , ” I’ d loudly remind anyone within earshot upon our return home . Then one day — January 1, 2007 , to be exact — my husband ‘ s doctor uttered an unthinkable word : leukemia ( 白血病) .With that , I spent eight to ten hours a day with Joe in the hospital , doing any119thing and everything I could to ease his discomfort. During those six months of hospitalizations, Becky, 12 at the time, adjusted to other adults being in the house when she returned from school. My work colleagues adjusted to my taking off at a moment's notice for medical emergencies. Every part of my life changed; no part of my old routine remained. Save one: Misty still needed walking. At the beginning, when friends offered to take her through her paces, I declined because I knew they had their own households to deal with. As the months went by，I began to realize that I actually wanted to walk Misty. The walk in the morning before I headed to the hospital was a quiet, peaceful time to gather my thoughts or to just be before the day's medical drama unfolded. The evening walk was a time to shake off the day's upsets and let the worry tracks in my head go to white noise. When serious illness visits your household, it's , not just your daily routine and your assumptions about the future that are no longer familiar. Pretty much everyone you acts differently. Not Misty. Take her for a walk, and she had no interest in Joe's blood counts or ’one marrow test results. On the street or in the park, she had only one thing on her mind: squirrels! She Was so joyous that even on the worst days, she could make me smile. On a daily basis she reminded me that life goes on. After Joe died in 2009，Misty slept on his pillow. I'm grateful 一 to a point. The truth is, after years of balking, I've come to enjoy m’ walks with Misty. As I watch her chase after a squirrel, throwing her whole being into the here-and-now of an exercise that has never once ended in victory, she reminds me, too, that no matter how harsh the present or unpredictable the future , there's almost always some measure of joy to be extracted from the moment. 55. why didn't the writer agree to raise a dog at the beginning of the story? A. She was afraid the dog would get the family, into trouble. B. It would be her business to take care of the dog C. Her husband and daughter were united as one. D. She didn't want to spoil he’ daughter. 56. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to "The medium one is “he sucker in the pack.” (Paragraph 3)? A. "The middle-aged person loves me most.” B. ”The medium-sized woman is the hostess.” C. "The man in the middle is the one who has the final say.” D. "The woman is the kind and trustworthy one in the family.” 57. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_______. A. Misty was quite clever B. Misty could solve math problems C. the writer was a slow learnerD. no one walked Misty the first day 58. The story came to its turning point when________. A. Joe died in 2009 B. Joe fell ill in 2007 C. the writer began to walk the dog D. the dog tired to please the writer 59. Why did the writer continue to walk Misty while Joe was in hospital? A. Misty couldn’t live without her B. Her friends didn’t offer any help C. The walk provided her with spiritual comfort. D. She didn't want Misty to ’others companion. 60. What is the message the writer wants to convey in the passage? A. One should learn to enjoy hard times. B .A disaster can change everything in life. C. Moments of joy suggest that there is still hope ahead. D. People will change their attitude toward you when you are in difficulty. 【解析】 试题分析：这是一篇记叙文，讲述作者从遛狗的体验中悟出生活的哲理——尽管有时生活艰 难、前途难测，但人生总有希望和快乐。 55. B 细节理解题 根据第三段第二行“While I was slow to accept that I would be the one to keep track of her shots, to schedule her vet appointments, to feed and clean her“作者慢慢地意识到她 要去接父女俩的手尾，比如说安排见宠物医生等。这意味着最终将由她来照顾这一只狗。 56. D 猜词题，根据这 3 个单词的意思不难知道 small 指的是作者的女儿, medium 指的是作 者，一个 woman； and large 指的是作者的丈夫。根据后文他们有了心灵相通不难得出答案小 狗认为这个妇女（也就是作者）是最信任的和最好心的。学优高考网 57. A 推理题，根据第三段“Misty knew this on day one 它在第一天就知道“和 “she calculated 它在计算”可以得出答案这只狗是非常聪明的。另外也可以根据意思排除选项 BCD。B. Misty could solve math problems 就算文章中出现了一个计算的词语，但也不能够得出能够解答数学 题的结论，而且根据常识也可以把它排除。C. the writer was a slow learner 这个内容没有提及，D. no one walked Misty the first day 这个选项的答案，也原文“它在第一天就知道了”是不一致的。 58. B 细节理解题，根据第六段第一句话“Then one day — January 1, 2007 , to be exact — my husband ‘ s doctor uttered an unthinkable word : leukemia ( 白血病) . 然后，2007 年 1 月 1 日， 确切地说是丈夫的医生宣布了丈夫得了白血病”，说明这一天是一个转折点，所以可以得出答 案为 B。 59. C 细节理解题，根据第八段第二行“quiet, peaceful time to gather my thoughts or to just be before the day’s medical drama unfolded 安静，安静的时间来收集我的想法 “ ，所有的这一切 都是精神上的一些安慰，所以答案选择 The walk provided her with spiritual comfort.这个散步给 她带来了心灵的安慰。 60. C 推理题，根据文章最后一句话 no matter how harsh the present or unpredictable the future , there's almost always some measure of joy to be extracted from the moment.不管现在是多么困难 或者将来是多么的难以预计，总是有一些提取快乐的方法。此题易错选 A，虽然这句话是正 确的。但是这篇文章并不是在说在困难时期享受快乐。 (2015﹒重庆﹒阅读理解 B) In ancient Egypt, a shopkeeper discovered that he could attract customers to his shop simply by making changes to its environment. Modern businesses have been following his lead,with more tactics（策略）. One tactic involves where to display the goods. Foe example, stores place fruits and vegetables in the first section. They know that customers who buy the healthy food first will feel happy so that they will buy more junk food （ 垃 圾 食 品 ） later in their trip. In department stores, section is generally next to the women’s cosmetics(化妆品) section：while the shop assistant is going back to find the right size shoe, bored customers are likely to wander over cosmetics they might want to try later. Besides, businesses seek to appeal to customers’ senses. Stores notice that the smell of baked goods encourages shopping, they make their own bread each morning and then fan the bread smell into the store throughout the day. Music sells goods, too. Researchers in Britain found that when French music was played, sales of French wine went up. When it comes to the selling of houses, businesses also use highly rewarding tactics. They find that customers make decision in the first few second upon walking in the door, and turn it into a business opportunity. A California builder designed the structure of its houses smartly. When entering the house, the customer would see the Pacific Ocean through the windows, and then the poll through an open stairway leading to the lower level. The instant view of water on both levels helped sell these $10 million houses. 40. Why do stores usually display fruits and vegetables in the first section? A. To save customers times. B. To show they are high quality foods. C. To help sell junk food. D. To sell them at discount prices. 41. According to Paragraph 3, which of the following encourages customers to buy? A. Opening the store early in the morning. B. Displaying British wines next to French ones. C. Inviting customers to play music. D. Filling the store with the smell of fresh bread. 42. What is the California builder’s story intended to prove? A. The house structure is a key factor customers consider. B. The more costly the house is, the better it sells. C. An ocean view is much to the customers’ taste. D. A good first impression increases sales. 43. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain how businesses turn people into their customers. B. To introduces how businesses have grown from the past. C. To report researches on customer behavior. D. To show dishonest business practices.【解析】 试题分析: 本文在解释为什么要水果放要店里的最显眼的位置，目的是促进后面的商业交易 40.C 推断题。根据第二段提到 they know that customers who buy the healthy food first will feel happy so that they will buy some more junk food later in their trip 为了是能够在稍后卖出那些垃 圾食品，故选 C 项。 41.D 推 断 题 。 根 据 第 三 段 提 到 Stores notice that the smell of baked goods encourages shopping ,so they make their own bread each morning and then fan the bread smell into the store throughout the day 可知烤面包的味道能促进购物，因此他们让面包味充满着整个商店，故选 D 项。 42.D 推断题。根据最后一段提到 When entering the house,the customer would see the Pacific Ocean throught the windows, and the the pool throught an open stairway leading to the lower level. The instant of water on both levels helped sell these $10million houses 当人们进入房间，看到窗外 的太平洋和游泳池时，销售业绩会增长，故选 D 项。 43.A 推断题。本文在解释为什么要水果放要店里的最显眼的位置，目的是促进后面的商业交 易，故选 A 项。 (2015﹒重庆﹒阅读理解 C) LakeLander ·2 hours ago Today, a man talked very loud on his phone on a train between Malvern and Reading, making many passengers upset. I wonder how he would react if I were to read my newspaperoutloudonthetrain, Ihave never had the courage to do it, though. Pak50 ··· ·57 minutes ago Why not give it a try? Perhaps you should take lessons on a Join the discussion…musical instrument. The late musician Dennis Brian is said to have asked a fellow train passenger to turn off his radio. When his request was refused, he took out his French horn(号) and started to practice. Angie O’Edema·42 minutes ago I don’t see how musical instruments can help improve manners in public. Don’t do to others what you wouldn’t like to be done to yourself. Once, a passenger next to me talked out loud on his mobile phone. I left my seat quietly, giving him some privacy to finish his conversation. He realized this and apologised to me. When his phone rang again later, he left his seat to answer it. You see, a bit of respect and cooperation can do the job better. Taodas ·29 minutes ago I did read my newspaper out loud on a train, and it turned out well. The guy took it in good part, and we chatted happily all the way to Edinburgh. Sophie 76 ·13minutes ago I have not tried reading my newspaper out loud on a train, but ,several years ago, I read some chapters from Harry Porter to my bored and noisy children. Several passengers seemed to appreciate what I did. 44. The passenger made an apology to Angie O’Edema because____. A. he offered his seat to someone else B. he spoke very loudly on his phone C. he refused to talk with Angie D. he ignored Angie’s request 45. Who once read a newspaper out loud on a train? A. Pak50 B. Angie O’Edema C. Taodas D. Sophie7646. What is the discussion mainly about? A. How to react to bad behavior. B. How to kill time on a train. C. How to chat with strangers. D. How to make a phone call. 47. Where is the passage most probably taken from? A. A webpage. B. A newspaper. C. A novel. D. A report. 【解析】 试题分析: 主要讲述了 Lake Lander 在论坛上描述了自己遇到的不文明现象后，众人发表的关 于自己经历的 不文明现象的描述和看法。 44.B 推断题。根据第三段提到 Once, a passenger next to me talked out loud on his mobile phone. I left my seat quietly, giving him some privacy to finish his conversation. He realized this and apologised to me. 可知因为他在火车上大声讲电话，并向我道歉，故选 B 项。 45.C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段提到 I did read my newpaper out loud on a train 可知 Taodas 曾在火车大声读报纸，故选 C 项 46.A 主旨大意。本文主要是对别人的不文明行为如何做出反应的一个讨论，故选 A 项。 47.A 推断题。本文是篇对于社会现象的讨论，根据出现的讨论的时间，彼此隔开时间不长， 可知来自网络，故选 A 项。 (2015﹒重庆﹒阅读理解 E) The values of artistic works, according to cultural relativism(相对主义), are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions. Such a view, however, fails to explain the ability of some works of art to excite the human mind across cultures and through centuries. History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world. It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls, as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries, Unique works of this kind are different from today’s popular art, even if they began as works of popular art. They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future. In a 1757 essay, the philosopher David Hume argued that because“the general principles of taste are uniform( 不变的) in human nature,”the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent. He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years. Works of this type, he believed, spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over centuries. Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art. For example, evolutionary psychology is being used by literary scholars to explain the long-lasting themes and plot devices in fiction. The structures of musical pieces are now open to experimental analysis as never before. Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist. 52. According to the passage, what do we know about cultural relativism? A. It introduces different cultural values. B. It explains the history of artistic works. C. It relates artistic values to local conditions. D. It excites the human mind throughout the world. 53. In Paragraph 2, the artists are mentioned in order to show that _____ . A. great works of art can go beyond national boundaries B. history gives art works special appeal to set them apart C. popular arts are hardly distinguishable from great arts D. great artists are skilled at combining various cultures 54. According to Hume, some works of art can exist for centuries because_____ . A .they are results of scientific study B. they establish some general principles of art C. they are created by the world’s greatest artists D. they appeal to unchanging features of human nature 55. Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage? A. Are Artistic Values Universal? B. Are Popular Arts Permanent? C. Is Human Nature Uniform? D. Is Cultural Relativism Scientific?【解析】 试题分析: 本文是说明文，主要介绍了根据文化相对主义，艺术作品在永恒受欢迎的原因是 人类的审美具有共同性，并且就此展开说明。 52.C 推断题。根据第一段第一句话可知根据相对主义，艺术作品就是把艺术的价值与当地的 社会经济条件结合在一块，故选 C 项。 53.A 推断题。根据第二段提到第二行和第三行提到可知不会把莫扎特与日本的音乐进行比较， 正如日本的画作与巴黎的画廊进行比较，艺术作品是没有国界的，故选 A 项。 54.D 推断题。根据第三段第一句话提到可知 Davide 曾辩论到风格的原则上是没有变化的， 所以一些艺术是可能会永生的，故选 D 项。 55.A 主题标题。本文主要从相对论的角度来说，艺术的价值只能反应当时的社会经济，但作 者提出不同的观点，故选 A 项。 (2015﹒安徽﹒阅读理解 C) As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remember less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how. In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood thatthe computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it. In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder ( 文 件 夹 ). Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location ( 位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called "transactive memory (交互记忆)". According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing. 64. The passage begins with two questions to ______. A. introduce the main topic B. show the author's altitude C. describe how to use the Interne. D. explain how to store information 65. What can we learn about the first experiment? A. Sparrow's team typed the information into a computer. B. The two groups remembered the information equally well. C. The first group did not try to remember the formation. D. The second group did not understand the information. 66. In transactive memory, people ______. A. keep the information in mind B. change the quantity of information C. organize information like a computer D. remember how to find the information 67. What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow's research? A. Weare using memory differently. B. We arebecoming more intelligent. C. We have poorer memories than before. D. We need a better way to access information. 【解析】 试题分析：文章主要讲的是互联网给人类的记忆带来的影响。互联网使用者越来越依赖互联 网储存信息，人们这样做是否会丧失记忆事物的能力呢？专家怀疑互联网可能正在改变人们 的记忆内容和记忆的方式。 64. A 写作意图题。根据第一段“Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.”可知，作者使用两个问句是为了引出要讨论的话题。 65. C 细节理解题。根据第二段“People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.”可知答案。 66. D 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 倒 数 第 二 段 “Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called "transactive memory (交互记忆)"”可知，在交互记忆里，人们记得怎样找到信息。 67. A 细节理解题。根据最后一段“but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing” 可知，互联网对人们的记忆产生的影响是它改变了我们使用记忆力的方式。 (2015﹒安徽﹒阅读理解 E) Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions. The foods we eat—and when and how we eat them—are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural (农村的) and urban areas within one country. Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion (时刻) or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition hits its roots in the custom of sharing bread. Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity ( 兴旺) in the New Year. In Greece, people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put into the cake, which signifies ( 预示) success in the New Year for the person who receives it. Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role. In China, when a baby is one month old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests. In many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity. Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world. 72. According to the passage, sharing bread______. A. indicates a lack of food B. can help to develop unityC. is a custom unique to rural areas D. has its roots in birthday celebrations 73. What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year? A. Trust. B. Success. C. Health. D. Togetherness. 74. The author explains the role of food in celebrations by______. A. using examples B. making comparisons C. analyzing causes D. describing processes 75. What is the passage mainly about? A. The custom of sharing food. B. The specific meaning of food. C. The role of food in ceremonies. D. The importance of food in culture. 【解析】 试题分析：文章主要讲的是食物和文化的关系。不同的文化里包含着不同的饮食传统和庆祝 方式。食物通过两种基本的方式在扮演着沟通的角色。 72. B 细节理解题。根据第一段“Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust.”可知，分享食物可以促进团结和建立信任。 73. B 细节理解题。根据第三段“A coin is put into the cake, which signifies (预示) success in the New Year...”可知，硬币预示着来年的成功。 74. A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In China, when a baby is one month old...In many cultures, round foods”可知，作者主要使用了举例的方法来解释食物在庆祝中的角色。 75. D 主旨大意题。根据第一段“and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions” 和第四段“Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate” 及最后一段“food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.”可知，文章主要讲的是食物在不同文化中的 作用。 (2015﹒湖南﹒阅读理解 A) Forget Cyclists, Pedestrians are Real Danger We are having a debate about this topic. Here are some letters from our readers. ■Yes, many cyclists behave dangerously. Many drivers are disrespectful of cyclists. But pedestrians are probably the worse offenders. People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with eyes and hands glued to the mobile phone, quite unaware of what is going on around them. They may even do the same thing while crossing a road at a pedestrian crossing or elsewhere. The rest of us have to evade (避让) them or just stand still to wait for the unavoidable collision. The real problem is that some pedestrians seem to be, at least for the moment, in worlds of their own that are, to them, much more important than the welfare of others. ——Michael Horan ■I love the letter from Bob Brooks about cyclists (Viewpoints, May 29). I am afraid they seem to think they own the roads. I was walking across Altrincham Road one morning when a cyclist went round me and on being asked what he was doing he shouted at me. The government built a cycle lane on the road but it is hardly used. The police do nothing. What a laugh they are! The cyclists should all have to be made to use the cycle lanes and wear helmets, fluorescent ( 发荧光的) jacket and lights at night and in the morning they should pay some sort of tax and be fined for not wearing them. ——Carol Harvey ■Cyclists jump on and off pavements (which are meant for pedestrians), ride at speed along the pavements, and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red. I was almost knocked down recently by a cyclist riding on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right next to him. Other road users, including horse riders, manage to obey the rules so why not cyclists? It's about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be treated and there might be an opportunity to claim. ——JML Write to Viewpoints of the newspaper. 56.Michael Horan wrote the letter mainly to show that _______. A. drivers should be polite to cyclists B. road accidents can actually be avoided C. sine pedestrians are a threat to road safety D. walking while using phones hurts one's eyes 57.Carol Harvey suggests that cyclists should _______. A. be provided with enough roads B. be asked to ride on their own lanes C. be made to pay less tax for cycling D. be fined for laughing at policemen 58.What is a complaint of JML? A. Very few drivers are insured. B. Cyclists ride fast on pavements. C. Pedestrians go through red traffic lights. D. Horse riders disrespect other road users. 59.The underlined word "they" in the third letter refers to ______. A. accidents B. vehicles C. pedestrians D. cyclists 60.The three letters present viewpoints on _______. A. real source of road danger B. ways to improve road facilities C. measures to punish road offences D. increased awareness of road rules 【解析】试题分析：本文围绕一个主题展开一场争论——谁才是马路安全隐患的威胁。 56 ．C; 细节理解题。根据第一段中的最后一句话：But pedestrians are probably the worse offenders.(但是，路人可能才是更严重的罪犯)可知 Michael Horan 的观点是，路人对道路安全 存在威胁，故选 C 57．B;细节理解题。根据第八段的开头：The cyclists should all have to be made to use the cycle lanes and wear helmets.可知 Carol Harvey 建议骑自行车的人应该在他们应该走的车道去骑。故 选 B 58．B;细节理解题。根据倒数第四段第一句话：Cyclists jump on and off pavements(which are meant for pedestrians) ，ride at speed along the pavement, and think they have special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red 可知 JML 抱怨骑自行车的人骑的太快，对道路安全产 生隐患，故选 B 59．D;细节推理题。最后一段说到：It’s about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be tranced and there might be an opportunity to claim.JML 希望对自行车拥有者登记，当他们撞到行人或者车辆、制 造出车祸的时候，他们能够被追查到，所以 They 在此指的是 cyclists。故选 D 60．A;主旨大意提。根据文章的标题和所有读者的来信不难发现这篇文章主要是围绕到底谁 （自行车或者行人）才是道路安全存在的隐患。故选 A (2015﹒湖南﹒阅读理解 C) Have your parents ever inspected your room to see if you cleaned it properly? Imagine having your entire houses, garage, and yard inspected at any time -- with no warning. Inspections were a regular part of lighthouse ( 灯塔) living, and a keeper's reputation depended on results. A few times each year, an inspector arrived to look over the entire light station. The inspections were supposed to be a surprise, but keeper sometimes had advance notice. Once lighthouses had telephones, keepers would call each other to warn that the inspector was approaching. After boats began flying special flags nothing the inspector aboard, the keeper's family made it a game to see who could notice the boat first. As soon as someone spotted the boat, everyone would do last-minute tidying and change into fancy clothes. The keeper then scurried to put on his dress uniform and cap. Children of keepers remember inspectors wearing white gloves to run their fingers over door frames and windowsills looking for dust. Despite the serious nature of inspections, they resulted in some funny moments. Betty Byrnes remembered when her mother did not have time to wash all the dishes before an inspection. At the time, people did not have dishwashers in their homes. In an effort to clean up quickly, Mrs. Byrnes tossed all the dishes into a big bread pan, covered them with a cloth and stuck them in the oven. If the inspector opened the oven door, it would look like bread was baking. he never did. One day, Glenn Furst's mother put oil on the kitchen floor just before the inspector entered their house. Like floor wax, the oil made the floors shiny and helped protect the wood. This time, though, she used a little too much oil. When the inspector extended his hand to greet Glenn's mother, he slipped on the freshly oiled surface. "He came across that floor waving his arms like a young bird attempting its first flight," Glenn late wrote. After he steadied himself, he shook Glenn's mother's hand, and the inspection continued as though nothing had happened. 66.What does Paragraph I tell us about the inspection at the light station? A. It was carried out once a year. B. It was often announced in advance. C. It was important for the keeper's fame. D. It was focused on the garage and yard. 67.The family began making preparations immediately after ______. A. one of the members saw the boat B. a warning call reached the lighthouse C. the keeper put on the dress uniform and cap D. the inspector flew special flags in the distance 68.Mrs. Byrnes put the dishes in the oven because this would ______. A. result in some fun B. speed up washing them C. make her home look tidy D. be a demand from the inspector 69.If the inspector had opened the oven door, he would have seen _______. A. an empty pan B. many clean dishes C. pieces of baked bread D. a cloth covering something 70.The inspector waved his arms ______. A. to try his best to keep steady B. to show his satisfaction with the floor C. to extend a warm greeting to Glenn's mother D. to express his intention to continue the inspection 【解析】 试题分析:本文讲述了如何利用各种方法应对巡视员的突袭。 66．C;细节理解题。根据第一段的倒数第四行和倒数第三行：and a keeper’s reputation depended on the results.（看守人的名声取决于结果的好坏）可知，故选 C 67．A;细节理解题。根据第二段的第三句话：As soon as someone spotted the boat, everyone would do last-minute tidying and change into fancy clothes.可知在建庭成员中一旦有人发现船的到来， 全家人就开始快速准备。故选 A 68．C;细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的第二句话:Betty Byrnes remembered when her mother did not have time to wash all the dishes before an inspection. 可知没有时间在检查之前去洗所有的碗， 所以 Mrs.Byrnes 将所有的碗都丢进了烤箱避免被 inspector 发现。故选 C 69．D;细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的倒数第三行：Mrs.Byrnes toss all the dishes into a big bread pan, covered them with a cloth, and stuck them in the oven.可知当 inspector 打开烤箱的时候他只 会看到一块盖着布的某物，故选 D 70．A;细节推理题。根据最后一段倒数第三行：After he steadied himself, he shook Glenn’s mother’s hand, and the inspection continued as though nothing had happened.可知 inspector 挥动 着他的双手保持平衡。故选 A (2015﹒新课标全国 II﹒阅读理解 C)More students than ever before are taking a gap year( 间隔年) before going to university. It used to be the “year off” between school and university. The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year. This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service (UCAS). That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education. “Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,” he said. But not everyone is happy. Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students (NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship – young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education. “New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to￡15,000 in debt. It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree. NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacating periods,” he said. 29. What do we learn about the gap year from the text? A. It is flexible in length. B. It is a time for relaxation C. It is increasingly popular D. It is required by universities 30. According to Tony Higgins. students taking a gap year ____. A. are better prepared for college studies B. know a lot more about their future job C. are more likely to leave university in debt D. have a better chance to enter top universities31. How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon? A. He’s puzzled B. He’s worried C. He’s surprised D. He’s annoyed 32.What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics? A. Attend additional courses. B. Make plans for the new term C. Earn money for their education D. Prepare for their graduate studies 【解析】 试题分析：本文提到大学的学费高使得很多大学生在上大学学前就要先去挣钱然后再上大学 学习。这样的好处是让学生更珍惜大学的时光，更成熟有责任感。但是也给人们带来了思考。 29.C 推理判断题。由短文第一段 More students than ever before are taking a gap year(间隔年) before going to university.可知，过间隔年学生比以前多了，第三段第一句话 That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year.可知体验间隔年数量上升了 14.7%， 说明越来越受到欢迎，因此选 C。 30.A 细节理解题。由人名定位到短文第三段。Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,” he said.第三段在说它的优点，有间隔年之后再去上大学，会让人 更成熟有责任感，对大学的学习有帮助。故选 A。 31.B 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段 But not everyone is happy. 然后提到 Owain，Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students (NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship，这证明学生很难；…more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree.他说越来越多的学生会在 gap year 期间是要去挣大学的费 用。故选 B。 32. C 细节理解题。根据文章最后一句话可知：NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacating periods,” 数据表明，40%多的学生在学校兼职，90%的学生要在假期打工挣学费。 (2015﹒福建﹒阅读理解 A) Food festivals around the world Stilton Cheese Rolling May Day is a traditional day for celebrations, but the 2,000 English villagers of Stilton must be the only people in the world who include checsc rolling in their annual plans. Teams of four,dressed in a variety of strange and funny clothes , roll a complete cheese along a 50-metre course. On the way, they must not kick or throw their cheese, or go into their competitors' lane. Competition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese weighing about four kilos (disappointingly, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones). All the competitors arc served with beer or port wine, the traditional accompaniment for Stilton cheese. Fiery Foods Festival—The Hottest Festival on Earth Every year more than 10,000 people head for the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico. They come from as far away as Australia, the Caribbean and China, but they all share a common addiction—food that is not just spicy ,but hot enough to make your mouth burn, your head spin and your eyes water. Their destination is the Fiery Eood and BBQ Festival which is held over a period of three clays every March. You might like to try a chocolate-covered habanero pepper—officially the hottest pepper in the world—or any one of the thousands of products that are on show. But one thing's for sure—if you don't like the feeling of a burning tongue, this festival isn't for you! La Tomatina—The World's Biggest Food Fight On the last Wednesday of every August, the Spanish town of Bunol hosts Ea Tomatina—the world's largest food fight. A week-long celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the week's events. The early morning sees the arrival of large trucks with tomatoes—official fight-starters get things going by casting tomatoes at the crowd. The battle lasts little more than half an hour, in which time around 50,000 kilograms of tomatoes have been thrown at anyone or anything that moves, runs, or fights back. Then everyone heads down to the river to make friends again—and for a much-needed wash! 56. In the Stilton cheese rolling competition, competitors on each team must . A. wear various formal clothes B. roll a wooden cheese in their own lane C. kick or throw their cheese D. use a real cheese weighing about four kilos 57.Where is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival held? A. In New Mexico. B. In the Caribbean. C. In Australia. D. In China. 58.The celebration of La Tomatina lasts_______. A. three days B. seven days C. less than three days D. more than seven days 59.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The chief prize for the Stilton cheese rolling competition is beer or port wine. B.More than 10,000 Chinese take pail in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival. C. Thousands of spicy foods are on show in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival. D. An exciting tomato battle takes place at the beginning of La Tomatina. 【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，分别讲述了英国、新墨西哥以及巴西的几个关于食 物的传统节日。 56.B 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句 Teams of four,dressed in a variety of strange and funny clothes , roll a complete cheese along a 50-metre course.可以知道，四个队伍，穿着滑稽搞笑的服 装，在 50 米的路程中卷一个完整的奶酪。以及后面倒数第二句括号里面的内容, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones，这个奶酪是木头的。故选 B 57.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句 Every year more than 10,000 people head for the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico. 可以知道这是在新墨西哥发生的事情，从段落中第三句 Their destination is the Fiery Eood and BBQ Festival 可以知道人们到新墨西哥是为了参加 Fiery food festival。故选 A 58.B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句 A week-long celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the week's events.可以知道，西红柿大战这个西班牙的节日的持续时间 是一周，故选 B 59.C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段倒数第二个破折号后面的文字 or any one of the thousands of products that are on show.可以知道你可以任意品尝展出的上千种的食物。故选 C (2015﹒福建﹒阅读理解 D) Life can be so wonderful, full of adventure and joy. It can also be full of challenges, setbacks and heartbreaks. Whatever our circumstances, we generally still have dreams, hopes and desires—that little something more we want for ourselves and our loved ones. Yet knowing we can have more can also create a problem, because when we go to change the way we do things, up come the old patterns and pitfalls that stopped us from seeking what we wanted in the first place. This tension between what we feel we can have and "what wre're seemingly able to have is the niggling suffering, the anxiety we feel. This is where we usually think it's easier to just give up. But we're never meant to let go of the part of us that knows we can have more. The intelligence behind that knowing is us—the real us. It's the part that believes in life and its possibilities. If you drop that, you begin to feel a little "dead" inside because you're dropping "you". So, if we have this capability but somehow life seems to keep us stuck, how do we break these patterns? Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time. This is good advice for a new adventure or just getting through today's challenges. While, deep down, we know we can do it, our mind—or the minds of those close to us—usually says we can't. That isn't a reason to stop, it's just the mind, that little man or woman on your shoulder, trying to talk you out of something again. It has done it many times before. It's all about starting simple and doing it now. Decide and act before overthinking. When you do this you may feel a little, or large, release from the jail of your mind and you'll be on your way. 68.It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that we should ______.A.slow down and live a simple life B.be careful when we choose to change C.stick to our dreams under any circumstances D.be content with what we already have 69.What is the key to breaking the old patterns? A. To focus on every detail.B. To decide and take immediate action. C. To listen to those close to us. D. To think twice before we act. 70.Which of the following best explains the underlined part in the last paragraph? A. Escape from your punishmentB. Realization of your dreams. C. Freedom from your tension. D. Reduction of your expectations. 71.What does the author intend to tell us? A.It's easier than we think to get what we want. B. It's important to learn to accept sufferings in life. C. It's impractical to change our way of thinking. D. It's harder than we expect to follow a new course. 【解析】 试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，作者介绍了在我们想要放弃的时候改变这种模式的一种方法 就是重新选择目标并且迅速作出决定。 68.C 细节理解题。文章第一段第三句 Whatever our circumstances, we generally still have dreams, hopes and desires 说不管在什么情况下，我们仍然有着梦想、希望和欲望。以及第二段最后一 句 If you drop that, you begin to feel a little "dead" inside because you're dropping "you".如果你放 弃了，你的内在会变得了无生机，因为你放下了你自己。故选 C 69.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段第一句 Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time.可以知道为了打破旧格局需要决定一个新目标并且立刻做出决定。故选 B 70.C 分析推断题。根据划线句子可知其本意是逃出你内心的牢笼。结合上文中在过多思考之 前快速决定和行动可以推测这个划线句子是指要从过多考虑的焦虑中解放自己。故选 C 71.A 分析推断题。从全文来看，作者主要是想要强调果断的行动而不是空想来实现自己的梦想和欲望，故选 A.比起想要成功，行动更加容易。 (2015﹒福建﹒阅读理解 E) Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain a healthy lifestyle.Group exercise is challenging, yet fun and empowering! Of course everyone knows that exercise is good for the body.However, studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups, it's not only great for improving physical health but for psychological health. It's an opportunity to be social, release endorphins , and improve your strength. Additionally, group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal motivates participants to work hard. The instrumental support of taking on a fitness journey with others proves more effective than going to the gym alone. Another beneficial aspect of group exercise is the informational support participants receive from the instructor.Many people fear the gym because they feel lost and don't want to embarrass themselves. If you feel you can relate, then group training is an even better option for you. It's a great opportunity to learn more about fitness through the clear instruction and supervision (Hu) of a fitness instructor. If you're tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored, !you can attend an upbeat group fitness class that'll keep your workout on track. Don't let fitness frighten you! If you're serious about wanting to live a healthy lifestyle, it's extremely important to surround yourself with people who'll provide you with the proper emotional support. I wouldn't scold anyone for deciding to party on weekends and in turn I wouldn't expect anyone to give offence to me for focusing on my health. Surround yourself with people who uplift, encourage and understand you! Make fitness even more fun by trying something new or any group fitness class, with a friend. Plan to go for a jog together. Then try a fun healthy restaurant or fresh juice bar! Fitness can be both fun and social! Surrounding yourself with people who'll provide you with respect support can be very beneficial while working towards reaching health and fitness goals. First, decide to do it for yourself and work towards staying positive. Then make sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive. Don't let negativity ruin your motivation. 72. The first paragraph focuses on_. A. the greatest challenge of group exercise B. the most effective way to improve physical fitness C. the contribution of group exercise to psychological health D. the shared common goal in performing exercise in groups 73.The underlined word "upbeat" in the second paragraph probably means " A. cheerful B. average C. serious D. temporal*)' 74.When it comes to emotional support, the author thinks it necessary A. to sustain a colorful lifestyle B. to party on weekends with positive people C. to try a fun healthy restaurant regularly D. to surround yourself with supportive people 75. What would be the best title for the passage? A. Seeking Support B. Supporting Health C. Improving Your Strength D. Building Up Fitness 【解析】 试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，主要是在介绍团体运动的好处。和其他人一起运动可以和他 人交流从而获得支持，也能够得到一些无形的好处。 72.C 细节题。根据文章第一句 Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain a healthy lifestyle 团体运动是一项最有效增加身体健康保持健康生 活的的方式，故选 C 73.A 分析推断题。从划线短语所在句子你可以参加一个 upbeat 的集体健康课，那将会使得你 正确的锻炼自己。前半句 if you're tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored, 是一个 if 引导的条件句，意思是假如你对于在健身房游荡感到心烦并且觉得这很浪费 时间。所以这个单词应该是与浪费时间和让你心烦相反的意思，故选 A 74.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句 Surrounding yourself with people who'll provide you with respect support can be very beneficial while working towards reaching health and fitness goals.在以健康为目标锻炼的时候和那些你能够给你尊敬和支持的人们在一起是很有益处的，故选 D 75.B 分析推断题。文章的主要内容是在说团体运动的好处，团体运动包含的好处主要是因为 大家在一起运动，不仅生理上会有一些好处，而且团内其他成员会给你支持，教练也会给你 们一些信息上的支持，故选 B (2015﹒新课标全国 I﹒阅读理解 B) The freezing Northeast hasn’t been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter, so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota, Florida, my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine”. I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C(维生素 C), thinking of beaches and orange trees. When we touched down to blue skies and warm air, I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness. Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets(at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend, but the best part - particularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold- weather root vegetables- was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers’ market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call. The market, which was founded in 1979, sets up its tents every Saturday from 7:00 am to 1 p.m., rain or shine, along North Lemon and State streets. Baskets of perfect red strawberries; the red-painted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck; and most of all, the tomatoes: amazing, large, soft and round red tomatoes. Disappointed by many a broken, vine-ripened( 蔓 上 成 熟 的 ) promise, I’ve refused to buy winter tomatoes for years. No matter how attractive they look in the store, once I get them home they’re unfailingly dry, hard, and tasteless. But I homed in, with uncertainty, on one particular table at the Brown’s Grove Farm’s stand, full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist. These were the real deal- and at that moment, I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldn’t be experiencing again for months. Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Brown’s Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where - luckily for me - I was planning to have dinner that very night. Without even seeing the menu, I knew I’d be ordering every tomato on it. 24. What did the author think of her winter life in New York? A. Exciting. B. Boring. C. Relaxing. D. Annoying. 25. What made the author’s getting up late early worthwhile? A. Having a swim. B. Breathing in fresh air. C. Walking in the morning sun. D. Visiting a local farmer’s market. 26. What can we learn about tomatoes sold in New York in winter? A. They are soft. B. They look nice. C. They taste great. D. They are juicy. 27. What was the author going to that evening? A. Go to a farm. B. Check into a hotel. C. Eat in a restaurant. D. Buy fresh vegetables 【解析】 试题分析：文章讲述了作者生活在冬天寒冷的纽约，当有一个到佛罗里达州萨拉索塔一个周 的机会，作者在那里体验到完全不同的冬天。 24. B 推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句 The freezing Northeast hasn’t been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter,可以推测出作者在纽约冬天的生活是令人厌烦的。故选 B。 25. D 细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句 dulled by months of cold- weather root vegetables- was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers’ market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.可知作者早上 7 点到农产品市场是很有意义的。可知选 D。26. B 推理判断题。根据文章第三段第二句 No matter how attractive they look in the store, once I get them home they’re unfailingly dry, hard, and tasteless.可知，纽约的西红柿在商店里看起来是 很吸引人的。可知选 B。 27. C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段尤其倒数第一二句可知，作者晚上计划在餐馆吃饭， 并且点西红柿。故选 C。 (2015﹒上海﹒阅读理解 A) Look to many of history’s cultural symbols, and there you’ll find an ancestor of Frosty, the snowman in the movie Frozen. It appeared on some of the first postcards, starred in some of the earliest silent movies, and was the subject of a couple of the earliest photos, dating all the way back to the 1800s. I discovered even more about one of humanity’s earliest forms of life art during several years of research around the world. For example, snowmen were a phenomenon in the Middle Ages, built with great skill and thought. At a time of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky. It was a popular activity for couples to leisurely walk through town to view the temporary works of chilly art. Some were created by famous artists, including a 19-year-old Michelangelo, who in 1494 was appointed by the ruler of Florence, Italy, to build a snowman in his mansion’s courtyard. The Miracle of 1511 took place during six freezing works called the Winter of Death. The city of Brussels was covered in snowmen—an impressive scene that told stories on every street corner. Some were political in nature, criticizing the church and government. Some were a reflection of people’s imagination. For the people of Brussels, this was a defining moment of defining freedom. At least until spring arrived, by which time they were dealing with damaging floods. If you fear the heyday of the snowman has passed, don’t worry: I’ve learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today. Every year since 1818, the people of Zurich, Switzerland, celebrate the beginning of spring by blowing up a snowman. On the third Monday of April, the holiday Sechselauten is kicked off when a cotton snowman called the Boogg is stuffed with explosive and paraded through town by bakers and other tradesmen who throw bread to the crowds. The parade ends with the Boogg being placed on a 40-foot pile of firewood. After the bells of the Church of St. Peter have rung six times, representing the passing of winter, the pile is lit. When the snowman explodes, winter is considered officially over—the quicker it is burnt down, the longer summer is said to be. 66. According to the passage, why did snowmen become a phenomenon in the Middle Ages? A. People thought of snow as holy art supplies. B. People longed to see masterpieces of snow. C. Building snowmen was a way for people to express themselves. D. Building snowmen helped people develop their skill and thought. 67. “The heyday of the snowman” （paragraph 4） means the time when___________. A. snowmen were made mainly by artists B. snowmen enjoyed great popularity C. snowmen were politically criticized D. snowmen caused damaging floods 68. In Zurich, the blowing up of the Boogg symbolizes__________________. A. the start of the parade B. the coming of a longer summer C. the passing of the winter D. the success of tradesmen 69. What can be concluded about snowmen from the passage? A. They were appreciated in history B. They have lost their value C. They were related to movies D. They vary in shape and size 【解析】 试题分析：本文讲述历史的文化标志：雪人。 66. C 细节理解题 根据第二段第二句“ At a time of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky 在那时，表达方式的方法有限，雪就像是来自于上天的 一种自由艺术。”. 这说明雪的流行是因为它是一种表达的方式，关键词是 express，而且 means 和 way 同义。 67. B 细节理解题 根据黑体字后面的内容“has passed, don’t worry: I’ve learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today. 已经过去了，不用担心：我了解到一些历 史的雪人现在依然在制造。”这表明担心的是现在没有了这样的东西，换句话说就是现在不再 流行，所以答案就是 B。 68. C 细节理解题 根据“celebrate the beginning of spring ….庆祝春天的开始”，可以知道答案 应该是冬天的过去，也就是春天的开始。所以答案是 C。 69. A 推理题根据文章的第一句话 look to many of history’s cultural symbols 回顾许多的历史 文化标志，另外整篇文章出现过很多的 history，结合上下文可以知道答案是 A （雪人在历史 上是受欣赏的。）另外也可以根据排除法，排除其他选项。比如 B 选项，他们的价值现在依 然存在，所以它的表达错误。C 选项，雪人的确是与电影有关，但是这个答案不可以通过文 章得出来。D 选项在文章中没有提及这个内容。 (2015﹒上海﹒阅读理解 C) One of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar. “Brutus was not an honorable man,” he said. “He was a traitor（叛徒）. And he murdered someone in cold blood.” The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty when other options were available to him. He made a bad decision, they said—at least as it was presented by Shakespeare—to take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar. And though one of the executives acknowledged that Brutus had the good of the republic in mind, Caesar was nevertheless his superior. “You have to endeavor,” the executives said, “our policy is to obey the chain of command.” During the last few years, business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate America have been exploiting Shakespeare’s wisdom for profitable ends. None more so than husband and wife team Kenneth and Carol Adelman, well-known advisers to the White House, who started up a training company called “Movers and Shakespeares”. They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers, and they have combined their passion and their high level contacts into a management training business. They conduct between 30 and 40 workshops annually, focusing on half a dozen different plays, mostly for corporations, but also for government agencies. The workshops all take the same form, focusing on a single play as a kind of case study, and using individual scenes as specific lessons. In Julius Caesar , sly provocation（狡诈的挑唆） of Brutus to take up arms against the what was a basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organism. Although neither of the Adelmans is academically trained in literature, the programmes, contain plenty of Shakespeare tradition and background. Their workshop on Henry V, for example, includes a helpful explanation of Henry’s winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt. But they do come to the text with a few biases (偏向): their reading of Henry V minimizes his misuse of power. Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader. And at the workshop on Caesar, Mr. Adelmans had little good to say about Brutus, saying “the noblest Roman of them all” couldn’t make his mind up about things. Many of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the play that they felt related Caesar’s pride, which led to his murder, and Brutus’s mistakes in leading the after the murder, they said, raise vital questions for anyone serving as a business when and how do you resist the boss? 73. According to paragraph 1, what did all the executives think of Brutus? A. Cruel. B. Superior. C. Honorable. D. Bade 74. According to the passage, the Adelmans set up “Movers and Shakespeares” to ________. A. help executives to understand Shakespeare’s plays better B. give advice on leadership by analyzing Shakespeare’s plays C. provide case studies of Shakespeare’s plays in literature workshops D. guide government agencies to follow the characters in Shakespeare’s plays. 75. Why do the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V?A. To highlight the importance of catching opportunities. B. To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win. C. To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management. D. To warn executives against power misuse. 76. It can be inferred from the passage that ____. A. the Adelmans’ programme proves biased as the roles of characters are maximized. B. executives feel bored with too many specific elements of Shakespeare’s plays. C. the Adelmans will make more profits if they are professional scholars. D. Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field. 77. The best title for the passage is _____. A. Shakespeare’s plays: Executives reconsider corporate culture B. Shakespeare’s plays: An essential key to business success C. Shakespeare’s plays: a lesson for business motivation D. Shakespeare’s plays: Dramatic training brings dramatic results 【解析】 试题分析：文章介绍了莎士比亚戏剧在商业管理方面的运用。 73. A 细节理解题 根据第一段描述所用的一些词语“not an honorable man 不是一个受敬仰的 人”,“traitor 叛徒”，“in cold blood 冷血”等可以得出答案为 cruel 残忍的。Superior 意为较高 的（级别、地位）; 较好的（在质量等方面）; 较多的（数量）; 上等的; rude 意为粗鲁的。 74. B 细节题 根据第二段的一些用词“well-known advisers to the White House 著名的白宫顾 问”,”management training business 管理训练商业”，可以知道答案是与 leadership 管理有关。 其中 leadership（领导）和 management 是同义词。 75. A 细节理解题 根据“Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader.相反，他们强调年轻人的故事。这些年轻人能够抓住机会以及成 为有能力的领导” 可以知道答案是强调抓住机会的重要性。其中 highlight 强调和 emphasize 是同义词，seizes opportunity 和 catch opportunities 是同义词。学优高考网 76. D 推理题，纵观全文，本文提到的一个是莎士比亚，以及是 Adelmans 所创立的一个培 训商业，这个培训主要是管理有关，也与领导有关。所以答案是 D Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field.（莎士比亚在管理领域也起着重要作用）。 77. D 标题题 四个选项的意思分别是 A. Shakespeare’s plays: Executives reconsider corporate culture （莎士比亚戏剧：管理层重新认识企业文化）；B. Shakespeare’s plays: An essential key to business success （莎士比亚戏剧：成功商业的关键）；C. Shakespeare’s plays: a lesson for business motivation（莎士比亚戏剧：商业动机的一节课）；D. Shakespeare’s plays: Dramatic training brings dramatic results（莎士比亚戏剧：戏剧的训练带来喜剧的结果）。标题题选择的 正确答案是简练高度概括，而且以文章主题相关，综合这几个因素只有 D 选项才符合，其他 选项，要么和主题无关，要么就是扩大了范围。 (2016﹒全国新课标 I﹒阅读理解 B) Grandparents Answer a Call As a third generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never pleased move away,. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children, she politely refused . Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Gaf finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move to a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities. No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to the children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama’s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study grandparents com. 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson ‘s decision will influence the grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family. “in the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,” says Christine Crosby, publisher of grate magazine for grandparents .We now realize how important family is and how important”” to be near them, especially when you’re raining children.” Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder. 25. Why was Garza’s move a success? A．It strengthened her family ties. B．It improved her living conditions. C．It enabled her make more friends. D．It helped her know more new places. 26.What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinson’s decision? A．17% expressed their support for it. B．Few people responded sympathetically. C．83% believed it had a bad influence. D．The majority thought it was a trend. 27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s? A．They were unsure of raise more children. B．They were eager to raise more children. C．They wanted to live away from their parents. D．They bad little respect for their grandparent. 28.What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the lasr paragraph? A. Make decisions in the best interests' of their own B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them C. Sacrifice for their struggling children D. Get to know themselves better 【解析】试题分析:本文是-篇议论文。主要讲述目前社会上很多老年人愿意搬到离子女近的地方居住的一 种趋势。同时作者也建议老人们要做出适合自己的选择，不要仅仅为孩子考虑而牺牲了自己习惯了的生活 方式。 25. A 细节理解题。根据首段末句可知，Mildred Garza 老人搬到离孩子近的地方居住让他们的关系更密切，- 家人认为这是一-个成功的事情。故选 A。 26.D 细节理解题。根据第二段末句 Two thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama's family 可知，很多人会受 Marian Robinson 的影响，所以这回形成一种潮流。故选 D。27.C 细节理解题。根据第三段首句可知，在 60 年代人们都希望离开家，以此来证明自己的独立。故选 C。 28A 推理判断题。根据末段推知，作者建议人们要明智不要为了孩子而做出牺牲。故选 A。 (2016﹒全国新课标 I﹒阅读理解 D) The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenlystops, what maybe implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection. Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority. Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. 32. What does the author say about silence in conversations? A. It implies anger. B. It promotes friendship.C. It is culture-specific. D. It is content-based. 33. Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought? A. The Chinese. B. The French. C. The Mexicans. D. The Russians. 34. What does the author advise nurses to do about silence? A. Let it continue as the patient pleases. B. Break it while treating patients. C. Evaluate its harm to patients. D. Make use of its healing effects. 35. What may be the best title for the text? A. Sound and Silence B. What It Means to Be Silent C. Silence to Native Americans D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold 【解析】 试题分析:本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了 沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。在有些时候，人 们利用沉默来解决人们之间的冲突，而在有些时候沉默则被认为表示顽固或者是担忧。 32.C 细节理解题。根据文章首段首句 The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups 可知， 作者认为沉 默是有文化特性的。 33.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中 what may be implied is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing 可知中国人认为谈话时人们的沉默是在思考谈话内容。 34.D 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 末 段 末 句 A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understandingto asist in the care of patients 可知，作者建议护士要利用沉默的好处来护理病人。故选 D。 35.B 主旨要义题。文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义，由此判断 B 选项可以概 括文章内容。故选 B。(2016﹒全国新课标 II﹒阅读理解 C)Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website BookCrossing.com turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group. Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it. Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.” Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it. People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce peterson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home. BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual(虚拟). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries. 9. Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph? A. To explain what they are. B.To introduce BookCrossing. C. To stress the importance of reading. D. To encourage readers to share their ideas. 10. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2refer to? A. The book. B.An adventure. C.A public place. D. The identification number. 11. What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it? A. Meet other readers to discuss it. B.Keep it safe in his bookcase. C. Pass it on to another reader. D. Mail it back to its owner. 12. What is the best title for the text? A. Online Reading: A Virtual Tour B. Electronic Books: A new Trend C. A Book Group Brings Tradition Back D. A Website Links People through Books【解析】 试题分析:本文属于说明文，介绍了 Boocrossing .com 所进行的分享图书活动的目的以及具体过 程。 9.B 目的意图题。作者在第一 段中提出读书也是一 一个社交活动,那些参加读书小组的人经常在一-起阅读 讨论所读内容，增强相互之间的理解。接着在最后- 句提出 Bocrossing com,说明作者提到读书小组的目的 正是为了介绍网站 BookCrossing.com.故 B 正确。 10A 代词指代题。根据本... .boping tbat the book will bave an adventure traveling far and wide with each newreader who finds it”那些留下书的人希望自己的书能够随着找到它的人走得更远。可知其中的 it 指代 前半句提到的同一事物“the bok”"。 故 A 正确。 11.C 推理判断题。根据文章第四段最后- -句“.. the idea is for poople not to be slfish by keepinga book togather dust on a shelf at home"让书蒙上尘土是- 种很自私的行为，网站 BookCrossing.com 的目的正是鼓励人们与 别人分享图书，所以拿到书的人最可能继续把书传递下去。故 C 项正确。 12D 标题概括题。根据文章第三段可知 BooCrossing com 把人生命中最重要的两个事物:人和书联系在一起。D 项内容能够涵盖文章的中心思想。 (2016﹒全国新课标 III﹒阅读理解 C) If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around. It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but sinceit has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain. Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else. There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it. At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games. Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园).If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent. 8.What can people do at the apple events? A. Attend experts’ lectures. B. Visit fruit-loving families. C. Plant fruit trees in an orchard. D. Taste many kinds of apples. 9.What can we learn about Decio? A. It is a new variety. B. It has a strange look. C. It is rarely seen now. D. It has a special taste. 10.What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3mean? A. A practical idea. B. A vain hope. C.A brilliant plan. D. A selfish desire. 11.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To show how to grow apples. B .To introduce an apple festival. C. To help people select apples. D. To promote apple research. 【解析】试题分析:作者向人们介绍了一-个节日 - - Apple Day。由于这个节日翡翠受欢迎，现在已经演 变成“苹果月了。在英国，人们在十月份庆祝该节日，持续大约一个月的时间。 8.D 细节理解题。根据第二段 。Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety ofapples."可知，参加相关的庆祝活动的人们可以品尝各种各样的苹果，故选 D。 9.C 推理判断题。故选 C。 10.B 猜测词义题。根据第二段“ to soe the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio 可知, Decio 是许多仍然存在的经典苹果种类之一，根据“which is more of a curiosity than anything else"可知，人 们品尝它是出于好奇心，故选 B。 11.B 写作意图题。根据第一段“if you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around. ” 和最后一段“If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.”可知，作者向读者介绍了一个节日—Apple Day， 并推荐人们参加这个节日，故选 B。(2016﹒北京﹒阅读理解 D)Why College Is Not Home The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy( 自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities. For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passagefrom the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home. To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on ” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually( 在思 维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate and questioning. Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community( 群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community. Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined( 规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged. It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescent’s desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth. Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery. 67.What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students? A.Sympathetic B.Disapproving C.Supportive D.Neutral 68.The underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 means. A.change B.choice C.text D.extension 69.According to the author,what role should college play? A.to develop a shared identity among students B.to define and regulate students’ social behavior C.To provide a safe world without tension for students D.To foster students’ intellectual and personal development 70.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage? 【解析】试题分析:大学并不是温暖的家庭，也不能成为学生的家庭。大学时期应该是培养自主性和自我同 一性的重要时期。大学是孩子脱离父母控制的决定性时期，因此，学校不应该成为像家庭一-样让孩子依赖 的地方。67.B 细观点态度题。根据第一段“The college years are supposed to be a time for inmportant growth inautonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity Howeve.."可知，作者认为，大学不应该成为孩子 们依赖的“家庭”，说明作者不赞成父母继续指导上大学的孩子，故选 B。 68.A 猜测词义题。根据“from the sbelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility"可知，从家庭的 庇护到自主性和成年人的责任，这是一种转变、 变化，故选 A。 69.D 推理判断题。每个人的个性都是不同的，排除 A;根据第四段“If students rely on administrators to regulatetheir social behavior and thinking patten, they are not facing..”可知，作者不赞成大学管理者约束学 生的社会行为，排除 B;大学不是一-个无忧无虑的场所，排除 C;大学应该是学习知识和促进学生成长的地 方，故选 D。 70.C 篇 章 结 构 题 。 根 据 第 四 段 "Leaming to deal with the social world is equally inmportant"" 中 的 “equllyimportant"和第五段的“moreover"可知，第四段和第五段是第三段的次要论点，故选 C。 (2016﹒四川﹒阅读理解 B) If you could have one superpower, what would it be? Dreaming about whether you would want to read minds, see through walls, or have superhuman strength may sound silly, but it actually gets to the heart of what really matters in your life. Every day in our work, we are inspired by the people we meet doing extraordinary things to improve the world. They have a different kind of superpower that all of us possess: the power to make a difference in the lives of others. We’re not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor. Your lives are busy enough doing homework, playing sports, making friends, seeking after your dreams. But we do think that you can live a more powerful life when you devote some of your time and energy to something much larger than yourself. Find an issue you are interested in and learn more. Volunteer or, if you can, contribute a little money to a cause. Whatever you do, don’t be a bystander. Get involved. You may have the opportunity to make your biggest difference when you’re older. But why not start now? Our own experience working together on health, development, and energy the last twenty years has been one of the most rewarding parts of our lives. It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead. 4. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. Your life style. B. Your life value. C. Your trouble in life. D. Your life experience. 5. Why does the author say they are inspired every day? A. They possess different kinds of superpowers. B. They have got the power to change the world. C. Some people around them are making the world better. D. There are many powerful people in their life and work. 6. What does the author stress in Paragraph 5? A. Learning more and contributing more to a cause. B. Rising above self and acting to help others. C. Working hard to get a bigger opportunity. D. Trying your best to help the poor. 7. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. The author believes the lives of the poorest will get better. B. Much more progress will be made in the near future. C. The work on health is the most valuable experience. D. People’s efforts have been materially rewarded. 【解析】试题分析:本文以虚拟语气的问向形式开头,鼓励人们奉献自己的一些时间和精力去帮助别人，最 穷人的生活将会变得更好。 4. B 词义猜测题。根据文章开始提到的 If you could have one supenpower what would it be?如果你有超能， 它 将 会 是 什 么 呢 ? Dreaning about wbether you would want to read minds, see through walls, or have superhumanstrength may sound slly 梦想着是否你想读懂心思，看穿墙，或有超能的力量，这些可能听起来 是愚蠢的，but it actually gets to the beart of what really matters in your life 但是它实际上是在你的生活中真正重要的核心，也就是你生活的价值。故选 B. 5.C 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 三 段 Every day in our work, we are inspired by the people we meet doing extraordinarythings to imnprove tbe world 每天在我们的工作中,我们会收到一些人的鼓舞,他们在做-些改善 世界的事情。故选 C。 6.B 推理判断题。根据第五段中 we do think that you can live a more powerful life when you devote some of yourtimne and energy to soething much larger than yoursel。我们确实认为当你把你的一些时间和精力奉献给 别人时，你就能过上一一个更强大的生活。Volunteer or, if you can contibute a lite money to a cause.自愿或 者,如果你能的话，给一个事业贡献一点钱。可知第五段的意思是:行动起来帮助别人。故选 B. 7.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句 It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism abouthow much the lives of tbe poorest people will improve in the years abead.它已经改变了我们是谁,在以后 的这些年里最穷人的生活将会得到改善。故选 A。 (2017﹒全国新课标Ⅰ﹒阅读理解 C) Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures. Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations. It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture. “Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,” Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan. “What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore. It’s actually color, and it’s actually digital.” Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. “The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,” says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party, “Just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,” says Moran. “For me, it’s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟) on how talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,” says Moran, “so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.” 28．Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day? A．To remember the birth of jazz. B．To protect cultural diversity. C．To encourage people to study music. D．To recognize the value of jazz. 29．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Jazz becoming more accessible. B．The production of jazz growing faster. C．Jazz being less popular with the young. D．The jazz audience becoming larger. 30．What can we infer about Moran’s opinion on jazz? A．It will disappear gradually. B．It remains black and white. C．It should keep up with the times. D．It changes every 50 years. 31．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Exploring the Future of Jazz. B．The Rise and Fall of Jazz. C．The Story of a Jazz Musician. D．Celebrating the Jazz Day.29.C 推理判断题。根据前文 Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations 可 知尽管 UNESCO 为爵士乐设了纪念日，但美国的爵士乐听众依然在减少，并且年龄在老化。爵士乐没能将 年轻一代人联接起来。再结合 It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that“是 Jason Moran 所做的 事情帮助改变了那个情况”，所以可推测 that 指代的是前文中爵士乐在年轻一代人中失去吸引力的现象。 故选 C。 30.C 细节理解题。根据第五段中的 The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same 可知 Moran 认为爵士 乐不能以 1908 或 1958 年的方式来表达当代，因为世界运转的方式不同，所以爵士乐必须继续前进才行。 说明随着时代的发展，爵士乐也要跟上时代才不会被年轻一代所抛弃。故选 C。 31.A 推理判断题。通读全文可知本文主要讲 UNESCO 为提高人们对爵士乐的重视设立爵士日，但实际收效 甚微。有人认为爵士乐应随着时代的进步而进步，否则将失去吸引力。可知本文主要探索爵士乐的未来， 故选 A。 (2017﹒全国新课标Ⅲ﹒阅读理解 C) After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves. Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around. The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations — major food sources ( 来源) for the wolf – grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’ s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’ s beavers. As early as 1966,biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets. The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone.Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red fores have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well. 28.What is the text mainly about? A. Wildlife research in the United States. B. Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area. C. The conflict between farmers and gray wolves. D. The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park. 29.What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Tested. B. Separated. C. Forced out. D. Tracked down. 30.What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about？ A. Damage to local ecology. B. A decline in the park’s income. C. Preservation of vegetation. D. An increase in the variety of animals. 31.What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project？ A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Disapproving. D. Uncaring.【解析】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国黄石公园重新引进灰狼的事情。因为人类活动影响到灰狼数量逐渐减少， 鹿群数量逐渐增加，从而造成植被遭到大量破坏。 词义猜测题是高考英语阅读理解中常见的题型，一般考查对生词的猜测、熟词生义词的猜测、短语的猜测、 代词的指代以及句子的理解。要求考生掌握构词法，还要学会利用上下文语境、利用定义、解释、举例和 对比转折等线索来进行判断推测。而构词法也是一种猜词的办法，比如通过前缀：dis-， un-，im-等等， 如本题中的 displace。 30. A 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，灰狼的减少造成了鹿群的增多，从而植被遭到了破坏；而且红 狐和海狸也不断减少，由此推断灰狼的消失引起了当地生态的破坏。 31. B 推理判断题。根据文章末段末句可知，作者认为引进灰狼的项目是很有价值的实验，是很值得推广 的。 (2017﹒北京﹒阅读理解 C) Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year. The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work. But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year. The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer. Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption（豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine. Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions. Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks. 63．The first two paragraphs suggest that ____________. A．a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend B．the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention C．anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons D．information about measles spreads quickly 64．Herd immunity works well when ____________. A．exemptions are allowed B．several vaccines are used together C．the whole neighborhood is involved in D．new regulations are added to the state laws 65．What is the main reason for the comeback of measles? A．The overuse of vaccine. B．The lack of medical care. C．The features of measles itself.D．The vaccine opt-outs of some people. 66．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To introduce the idea of exemption. B．To discuss methods to cure measles. C．To stress the importance of vaccination. D．To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment. 64.细节理解题。根据第三段 But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in.可知 只有群体中所有人都参与进来了群体免疫才会有用，因此答案选 C。 65.推理判断题。根据第一段 But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly.可知，那些反对注射疫苗的运动和迅速传播 的错误信息导致了麻疹疾病的复发，故选 D。 66.态度意图题。本文主要是介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，以及为什么会有这样的情况，最根本原因 还是那些不注射疫苗的人导致的，故本文的目的是强调疫苗的作用，选 C。 (2017﹒天津﹒阅读理解 D) I read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives waiting. But where are we doing all of this waiting, and what does it mean to an impatient society like ours? To understand the issue, let’s take a look at three types of “waits”. The very purest form of waiting is the Watched-Pot Wait. It is without doubt the most annoying of all. Take filling up the kitchen sink(洗碗池) as an example. There is absolutely nothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes fixed on the sink until it’s full. During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks. This kind of wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless. A cousin to the Watched-Pot Wait is the Forced Wait. This one requires a bit of discipline. Properly preparing packaged noodle soup required a Forced Wait. Directions are very specific. “Bring three cups of water to boil, add mix, simmer three minutes, remove from heat, let stand five minutes.”I have my doubts that anyone has actually followed the procedures strictly. After all, Forced Waiting requires patience. Perhaps the most powerful type of waiting is the Lucky-Break Wait. This type of wait is unusual in that it is for the most part voluntary. Unlike the Forced Wait, which is also voluntary, waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will happen. Turning one’s life into a waiting game requires faith and hope, and is strictly for the optimists among us. On the surface it seems as ridiculous as following the directions on soup mixes, but the Lucky-Break Wait well serves those who are willing to do it. As long as one doesn’t come to rely on it, wishing for a few good things to happen never hurts anybody. We certainly do spend a good deal of our time waiting. The next time you’re standing at the sink waiting for it to fill while cooking noodle soup that you’ll have to eat until a large bag of cash falls out of the sky, don’t be desperate. You’re probably just as busy as the next guy. 51. While doing a Watched-Pot Wait, we tend to ___________. A. keep ourselves busy B. get absent-minded C. grow anxious D. stay focused 52. What is the difference between the Forced Wait and the Watched-Pot Wait? A. The Forced Wait requires some self-control. B. The Forced Wait makes people passive. C. The Watched-Pot Wait needs directions. D. The Watched-Pot Wait engages body and brain. 53. What can we learn about the Lucky-Break Wait? A. It is less voluntary than the Forced Wait. B. It doesn’t always bring the desired result. C. It is more fruitful than the Forced Wait.D. It doesn’t give people faith and hope. 54. What does the author advise us to do the next time we are waiting? A. Take it seriously. B. Don’t rely on others. C. Do something else. D. Don’t lose heart. 55. The author supports his view by _________. A. exploring various causes of “waits”. B. describing detailed processes of “waits”. C. analyzing different categories of “waits” D. revealing frustrating consequences of “waits” 【解析】 51.B 考点：考查细节理解。 52.A 根据第三段第一句 A cousin to the Watched-Pot Wait is the Forced Wait. This one requires a bit of discipline 可知，被迫的等待和留意的等待之间的区别在于被迫的等待需要纪律即自控.，故 选 A。 53.B 根据第四段的句子 which is also voluntary, waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will happen.可知等待你的好运不一定意味着就会发生，即不一定带来渴望的结果 。故选 B。 54.D 根据第最后一段中 The next time you’re standing at the sink waiting for it to fill while cooking noodle soup that you’ll have to eat until a large bag of cash falls out of the sky, don’t be desperate. .。可以判断出当我们下一次等待的时候我们不要绝望即不要灰心。故选 D。 55.C 通读全文可以知道，作者通过 2,3,4 段列举了三种类型的等待，最后总结和表明了自己观点，所以判断出作者是通过分析不同种类的等待来支持自己的观点的。故选 C。 (2017﹒浙江﹒阅读理解 B) Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new survey(调查) by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school. How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest: most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的). But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime? Watch TV. “More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities(机会) to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone,” says Dr. Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers’ bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm. Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results. 25. What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on? A. American kids’ sleeping habits. B. Teenagers’ sleep-related diseases. C. Activities to prevent sleeplessness. D. Learning problems and lack of sleep. 26. How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?A. 7 hours. B. 8 hours. C. 10 hours. D. 18 hours. 27. Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon? A. They are affected by certain body chemicals. B. They tend to do things that excite them. C. They follow their parents’ examples. D. They don’t need to go to school early. 25.A 细节理解题，根据文中第一段列举了一些数据，向我们说明美国有 51%的 10 到 18 岁的孩子上床睡觉 的时间偏晚，也调查了 60%的 7 到 12 岁的孩子在白天感到疲惫，15%的孩子会在学校睡着，所以这些调查 都是关于美国孩子的睡眠习惯的，故选 A. 26.C 细节理解题，根据第二段“For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal”, 所以 11 岁的上学 小孩子的睡眠时间需要 10 个小时，故选 C. 27.B 细节理解题，根据第三段“She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep”,所以她认为孩子们睡觉晚的原因是他们会在睡前做一些让 他们兴奋的活动，故选 B. (2017﹒浙江﹒阅读理解 C) FLORENCE, Italy—Svetlana Cojochru feels hurt. The Moldovan has lived here seven years as a caregiver to Italian kids and the elderly, but in order to stay she’s had to prove her language skills by taking a test which requires her to write a postcard to an imaginary friend and answer a fictional job ad. Italy is the latest Western European country trying to control a growing immigrant(移民) population by demanding language skills in exchange for work permits, or in some cases, citizenship. Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs, such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration(融合). Others say it’s only natural that newcomers learn the language of their host nation, seeing it as a condition to ensure they can contribute to society. Other European countries laid down a similar requirement for immigrants, and some terms are even tougher. The governments argue that this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures. Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of immigration, has witnessed a sharp increase in immigration in recent years. In 1990, immigrants numbered some 1.14 million out of Italy’s then 56.7 million people, or about 2 percent. At the start of this year, foreigners living in Italy amounted to 4.56 million of a total population of 60.6 million, or 7.5 percent, with immigrants’ children accounting for an even larger percentage of births in Italy. Cojochru, the Moldovan caregiver, hoped obtaining permanent residence(居住权) would help her bring her two children to Italy; they live with her sister in Moldova, where salaries are among the lowest in Europe. She was skeptical that the language requirement would encourage integration. Italians always “see me as a foreigner,” an outsider, even though she’s stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently, she said. 28. Why does Cojochru have to take a language test? A. To continue to stay in Italy. B. To teach her children Italian. C. To find a better job in Italy. D. To better mix with the Italians. 29. Some people worry that the new language requirement may ________. A. reduce Italy’s population quickly B. cause conflicts among people C. lead to financial difficulties D. put pressure on schools 30. What do we know about Cojochru? A. She lives with her sister now in Italy. B. She enjoys learning the Italian language. C. She speaks Italian well enough for her job. D. She wishes to go back to her home country.28.A 细节理解题，根据第一段第二句“but in order to stay she’s had to prove her language skills by taking a test…”可知，Cojochru 为了能够继续留在意大利才要参加语言考试的，故选 A. 29.B 推理判断题，根据第三段第一句“,such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration”,可知一些人担心对语言水平的要求可能会造成人与人之间的不包容，即冲突，故选 B. 30.C 细节理解题，根据最后一段最后一句“,even though she ‘s stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently”可知 Cojochru 的意大利语已经说的很流利了，足够应付工 作，故选 C. (2017﹒江苏﹒阅读理解 D) Old Problem, New Approaches While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warning will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions( 排放) peak. So even if emission were to begin decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation. When it comes to adaptation, it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why in part at least, the US National Climate Assessment says that: “there is no ‘one-size fit all’ adaptation.” Nevertheless, there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost. Around the world people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries, Floods have some more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that server as floating libraries, schools, and health clinics, and are equipment with solar panels and other communication facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity (连体) to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff people how to make floating gardens fish ponds prevent starvation during the wet season.Around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries, Fllods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mobammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schoods, and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating conmetivity(连接) to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season. Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken. Chewang. Nophel lives in a mountainous region in India, where he is known as the Ice Man. The loss of glaciers(冰川)there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops. Norphel’s inspiration come from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉) water. Having created nine such ice reserves. Nophel calculates that he has stored about 200, 000m3 of water. Climate change is a continuing process, so Norhel’s ice reserves will not last forever. Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting. Increasing Earth’s reflectiveness can cool the planet. In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses (which reflect light back to space) has changed the warming trend locally, and actually cooled the region. While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased. This example should act as an inspiration for all cities. By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process. In Peni, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice. The outcome is still far from clear, But the World Bank has included the project on its of ‘100 ideas to save the planet”. More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere. A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria. Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping. But during the past decade declining rainfall has allows him to plant highly profitable crops. Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this—either by growing new produce, or by growing the same things differently. This is common sense, But some suggestions for adapting are not. When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual. Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution. After all, if we adapt in the way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others. 65.The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies . A. adaptation is an ever-changing process B. the cost of adaptation varies with time C. global warming affects adaptation forms D. adaptation to climate change is challenging 66.What is special with regard to Rezwan’s project? A. The project receives government support. B. Different organizations work with each other. C. His organization makes the best of a bad situation. D. The project connects flooded roads and highways. 67.What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming? A. Storing ice for future use. B. Protecting the glaciers from melting. C. Changing the irrigation time. D. Postponing the melting of the glaciers. 68.What do we learn from the Peru example? A. White paint is usually safe for buildings. B. The global warming tread cannot be stopped. C. This country is heating up too quickly. D. Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.69.According to the author, polluting industries should . A. adapt to carbon pollution B. plant highly profitable crops C. leave carbon emission alone D. fight against carbon pollution 70.What’s the author’s preferred solution to global warming? A. setting up a new standard. B. Reducing carbon emission. C. Adapting to climate change. D. Monitoring polluting industries. 66. C 细节理解题。根据第四段“Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster.” 可知，Rezwan 会从危机中看到机遇，会充分利用现有条件。 67. A 细节理解题。根据第五段“Norphel’s inspiration come from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. ”可知，把冰川融化后的水储存起来以备不时之需，是减少气候变暖危 害的方法之一。 68. D 推理判断题。根据倒数第四段“By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.”和倒数第三段“painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice”可知，将墙壁涂成白色是利用了光的反射原理，这样 可以缓解气候变暖。 69. D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense”可知，作者不赞成“我 们已经在与碳污染的斗争中失败了”这样的说法，说明作者建议污染企业行动起来。 70. B 推理判断题。根据最后一段“But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution.”可知，作者认为，最合理的方法仍然是减少二氧化碳的 排放。 (2018﹒全国新课标Ⅰ﹒阅读理解 B)Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s leant into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11. "We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant," she explains. "I pay £5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. " The eight-part series(系列节自), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market. With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes. 24. What do we know about Susanna Reid? A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests. B. She has started a new programme. C. She dislikes working early in the morning. D. She has had a light budget for her family. 25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna? A. He buys cooking materials for her. B. He prepares food for her kids. C. He assists her in cooking matters. D. He invites guest families for her. 26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4? A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. B. Provide some advice for the readers. C. Add some background information. D. Introduce a new topic for discussion. 27. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B. Balancing Our Daily Diet C. Making yourself a Perfect Chef D. Cooking Well for Less【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一档英国系列电视节目，给观众介绍如何减少食物浪费以及如何 以较少的预算做出美味佳肴。 24. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段知道 Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role 可知，她开辟了一个新的节目。故选 B。 25. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的 In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day.可知， Susanna 在 Matt Tebbutt 的帮助下，提供如何减少食物浪费同时给每日生 活费低于 5 英镑的每个家庭准备食谱。故选 C。解题关键词：同义词表达 with the help of 和 help。 (2018﹒全国新课标Ⅰ﹒阅读理解 C) Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small, tightly knit (联 系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centres, trade,industrialisation. the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education. Especially glbalisation and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many Languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English．Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present, the world has about 6 800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot. wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000. Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6.000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.z.x.xk Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival. 28. What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times? A. They developed very fast. B. They were large in number. C. They had similar patters. D. They were closely connected 29. Which of the following best explains"dominant " underlined in paragraph 2？ A. Complex. B. Advanced. C. Powerful. D. Modem. 30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present? A. About 6 800 B. About 3 400 C. About 2.400 D. About 1-200 31. What is the min idea of the text? A. New languages will be created. B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages C. Human development results in fewer languages D. Geography determines language evolution. 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。 28. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的 When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other... when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.可知，当世界以依靠狩猎为生的 人居住的时候，小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的讲话模式。当世界上的人口数量不到一千万时，语言种类达到了 12000 种。由此推知，当时的语言种类很多。故选 B。 29. 猜测词义题。根据文章第二段中的 dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在替代其他语言。由此推知 dominant languages 意 为：强有力的语言。故选 C。 (2018﹒全国新课标Ⅱ﹒阅读理解 B) Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels form British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection. Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C. When combined with berries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.zx.x.k If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below. 24. What does the author seem to like about cherries? A. They contain protein. B. They are high in vitamin A.C. They have a pleasant taste. D. They are rich in antioxidants. 25. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas? A. To make them smell better. B. To keep their colour. C. To speed up their ripening. D. To improve their nutrition. 26. What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph? A. A dessert. B. A drink. C. A container. D. A machine. 27. From which is the text probably taken? A. A biology textbook. B. A health magazine. C. A research paper. D. A travel brochure. 【解析】本文是一篇日常生活类说明文。文中讲述了人们热爱水果丰盛的 7 月，这时候各种水果营养丰富 且含有对人体有益的微量元素，尤其是香蕉。我们可以利用它做一些孩子喜欢的甜点或冰淇淋。 24. 细节理解题。题干问的是，作者喜欢樱桃什么。根据第二段中 As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares?（至于樱桃，因为它们很好吃谁在乎呢?）可知，作者在乎的是它的美味。故选 C。 25. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的 If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.可知，往香蕉上滴新鲜的柠檬汁是为了防止香蕉变成褐色，故新鲜的柠檬汁是被用来保持香 蕉的颜色的。故选 B。 26. 词义猜测题。根据最后一段中 they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below 可知，孩子们喜欢把一些水果和冷冻的香蕉放入到这台机器的上 部，然后看到冰激凌从下面出来。故可以推出 a juicer 就是一台机器。故选 D。 27. 文章出处题。文章首先指出七月是水果盛产的季节，并指出各种水果富含的营养，最后一段指出我们 可以用 a juicer 为孩子们做一些甜点和冰激凌，故最可能是从健康杂志上摘取的文章。A 项意为：生物教科 书；B 项意为：一本健康杂志；C 项意为：一篇研究论文；D 项意为：一本旅游手册。故选 B。 点睛：做词义猜测题时我们要注意观察，划线单词的构成结构。如本题背划线的单词是 juicer，我们都知 道“er”是单词的后缀。它既可以表示人，又可以表示物。如：cleaner 既可以表示清洁工，又可以表示清洁 工具。根据下文中的意思，可以判断出本题中的 a juicer 是表示物。 (2018﹒全国新课标Ⅱ﹒阅读理解 C) Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday. While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading. According to the report’s key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.” The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2—8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.zxx.k When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel(建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time. The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read. As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore. 28. What is the Common Sense Media report probably about? A. Children’s reading habits. B. Quality of children’s books. C. Children’s after-class activities. D. Parent-child relationships. 29. Where can you find the data that best supports "children are reading a lot less for fun"? A. In paragraph 2. B. In paragraph 3. C. In paragraph 4. D. In paragraph 5. 30. Why do many parents limit electronic reading?A. E-books are of poor quality. B. It could be a waste of time. C. It may harm children’s health. D. E-readers are expensive. 31. How should parents encourage their children to read more? A. Act as role models for them. B. Ask then to write book reports. C. Set up reading groups for them. D. Talk with their reading class teachers. 【解析】据本周一公布的 a Common Sense Media report 报告显示，青少年和年幼的孩子们读书的乐趣大大 减少。文中从阅读的乐趣，阅读的时间，阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响等角度展示了该报告的内容。 28. 推理判断题。题干问的是这篇报道可能是关于什么内容。根据整篇文章，我们可以看出这篇报道讲述 了孩子们阅读的乐趣，孩子们阅读的时间，孩子们阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响。A 项意为：孩子们 的阅读习惯；B 项意为：孩子们所读书籍的质量；C 项意为：孩子们的课后活动；D 项意为：父母与孩子 的关系。故选 A。 29. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的 the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today. 可知，很少为乐趣而阅读的人的比例已经分别从 1984 年的 13 岁的 8%和 17 岁的 9%上升到现在的 22%和 27%。也就是说，为乐趣而读书的人越来越少了。故选 B。 (2018﹒全国新课标Ⅱ﹒阅读理解 D)We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence. What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits. Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. ＂Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,＂ he explains. ＂The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.＂ In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. ＂It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,＂ says Dunn. ＂But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.＂ Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is the basis of good manners,＂ he says. 32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph? A. Addiction to smartphones. B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places. C. Absence of communication between strangers. D. Impatience with slow service. 33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci? A. Showing good manners. B. Relating to other people.C. Focusing on a topic. D. Making business deals. 34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk? A. It improves family relationships. B. It raises people’s confidence. C. It matters as much as a formal talk. D. It makes people feel good. 35. What is the best title for the text? A. Conversation Counts B. Ways of Making Small Talk C. Benefits of Small Talk D. Uncomfortable Silence 【解析】这是一篇议论文。在当今社会，人们在公共场合或沉迷于智能手机，或与不舒服的沉默抗争，陌 生人之间缺乏沟通。但人与人之间是需要适当的交谈闲聊的，闲聊是人际关系社会交往必不可少的部分， 而且也有很多好处。 32. 主旨大意题。题干问的是：第一段描述了什么现象。在公共场合（比如在电梯里，在银行排队，或在 飞机上）人们深深地专注于他们的智能手机，或者更糟糕的是，与不舒服的沉默抗争。有此可知，陌生人 之间缺乏沟通。A 项意为：沉迷于智能手机。B 项意为：在公共场所不适当的行为。C 项意为：陌生人之 间缺乏沟通。D 项意为：对缓慢的服务不耐烦。故选 C 项。 33. 推理判断题。题干问得是对于 Carducci 来说，成功的闲聊中重要的是什么。根据第三段最后一句“The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them”（成功闲聊的 关键是学习如何与他们交流，而不仅仅是与他们沟通。）由此推断 C 符合题意。A 项意为：表现出良好的礼 貌。B 项意为：与他人有关的。C 项意为：专注于一个话题。D 项意为：做商业交易。故选 B 项。 34. 推理判断题。题干问的是：咖啡店的研究对闲聊有什么建议。根据第四段的调查结果可知，那些与服 务员聊天的人，有显著的积极情绪和更好的咖啡店体验。由此可知，D 项符合题意。A 项意为：闲聊改善 了家庭关系。B 项意为：闲聊提高了人们的信心。C 项意为：闲聊和正式谈话一样重要。D 项意为：闲聊 让人感觉很好。故选 D 项。 35. 主旨大意题。整篇文章刚开始介绍了社会的现象（公共场合人们沉迷于智能手机，陌生人之间缺乏沟 通交流），接着分析了这一问题的原因，接下来有专家对闲聊进行了研究，最后得出结论，闲聊都有什么 样的好处。A 项意为：谈话很重要。B 项意为：闲聊的方法。C 项意为：闲聊的好处。D 项意为：不舒服的 沉默。故选 C 项。 点睛：我们在做阅读理解时，尽量找出每段的主讲内容（可能是一句话或是一个短语），这样有利于整篇 文章的把握，有利于做文章大意题。如 35 题，很显然本文讲的不是重要性也不是方法更不是沉默，所以 ABD都可以轻松排除。 (2018﹒全国新课标Ⅲ﹒阅读理解 B) Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000. Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warming. An avalanche(雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives. But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go — to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City — its present population is 762. 24. What attracted the early settlers to New York City? A. Its business culture. B. Its small population. C. Its geographical position. D. Its favourable climate. 25. What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson? A. Two-thirds of them stayed there. B. One out of five people got rich. C. Almost everyone gave up.D. Half of them died. 26. What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson? A. They found the city too crowded. B. They wanted to try their luck elsewhere. C. They were unable to stand the winter. D. They were short of food. 27. What is the text mainly about? A. The rise and fall of a city. B. The gold rush in Canada. C. Journeys into the wilderness. D. Tourism in Dawson. 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 Dawson 这座城市的发展原因、过程与现状。 24. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中 Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. 可知，人们选择在河边或港口设城是因为交通方便，便于做生意。而纽约就是在哈德森河口附近的一个大 港口，故纽约吸引早期移民的原因是它的地理位置，故 C 正确。 25. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句 Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.可知，在最初挖黄金的两万人中有 4000 人变富有，所 以是五分之一的人变富了，故 B 正确。 26. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中 and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.可知，人们离开 Dawson 的主要原因是听说在 Alaska 发现了黄金， 也就是他们要去别的地方寻找发财的机会。故 B 正确。 27. 主旨大意题。第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因，引出 Dawson 这一城市的兴起，第二段介绍了该城市 兴起的原因，第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况，所以全文围绕 Dawson 这个城市的发 展起伏。故 A 正确。 (2018﹒全国新课标Ⅲ﹒阅读理解 B)Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less. I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金）(our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor) For weeks, I've been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them? And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ball-simple, universally available. We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally, completely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch. We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us. 32. What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A. The more, the better. B. Enough is enough. C. More money, more worries. D. Earn more and spend more. 33. What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects? A. Saving up for her holiday B. Raising money for a poor girl C. Adding the money to her fund D. Giving the money to a sick mother 34. Why did the author play the ball with Shepherd? A. To try out an idea B. To show a parent's love C. To train his attention D. To help him start a hobby35. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Take It or Leave It B. A Lesson from Kids C. Live More with Less D. The Pleasure of Giving 【解析】这是一片夹叙夹议文。文章讲述作者引导孩子主动捐献玩具，并从玩耍简单玩具中获得快乐的做 法。 32. 词义猜测题。根据文章第一段最后一句…I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less 可以推断出，人们通常认为越多越好。故选 A。 33. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中 She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金)可知，当我们承诺给她把卖玩具的钱放到她的教育基金 里时，她同意卖玩具。故选 C。 (2018﹒浙江﹒阅读理解 C) As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line（装配线） on September 27, 1908. Only eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them. Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds. The road novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history. In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990. The problems of excessive（过度的）energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for the best. Friedman points out that the green economy（经济）is a chance to keep American strength. “The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.” 28. Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2? A. To explain Americans’ love for travelling by car. B. To show the influence of cars on American culture. C. To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans. D. To praise the effectiveness of America’s road system. 29. What has the use of cars in America led to? A. Decline of economy. B. Environmental problems. C. A shortage of oil supply. D. A farm-based society. 30. What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future? A. Ambiguous. B. Doubtful. C. Hopeful. D. Tolera 【解析】文章讲述了汽车在美国经济和文化上的重要作用，也指出了汽车带来的环境问题。 30. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的 He fears the worst, but hopes for the best. 和最后一段中的 Friedman points out that the green economy（经济）is a chance to keep American strength.可见 Friedman 虽然对未来 担心，但抱有最好的希望，他指出了发展绿色积极的想法。可见 Friedman 对未来是充满希望的，故选 C。 (2018﹒天津﹒阅读理解 D)Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing? How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door? If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you’ll have no trouble answering these questions. Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A child’s day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder. Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear; we are numb(麻木的）to new stimulation(刺激), new ideas. Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits. The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs. This blocks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream. The students began complaining about how cold it would be. We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead. They were almost knee-deep when they realized it was a hot spring. Later they all admitted they’d felt cold water at first. Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷) many of us have with naming things. I saw bird watchers who spotted a bird, immediately looked it up in field guides, and said, a "ruby-crowned kinglet" and checked it off. They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing. The pressures of "time" and "destination" are further blocks to awareness. I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what’s around them. I asked them what they’d seen. "Oh, a few birds," they said. They seemed bent on their destinations. Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait. Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take in all the sights, sounds and sensations. Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life.z. 51. According to Paragraph 2, compared with adults, children are more ____________. A. anxious to do wonders B. sensitive to others’ feelings C. likely to develop unpleasant habits D. eager to explore the world around them 52. What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3? A. To avoid jumping to conclusions.B. To stop complaining all the time. C. To follow the teacher’s advice. D. To admit mistakes honestly. 53. The bird watchers’ behavior shows that they __________. A. are very patient in their observation B. are really fascinated by nature C. care only about the names of birds D. question the accuracy of the field guides 54. Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey? A. The natural beauty isn’t attractive to them. B. They focus on arriving at the camp in time. C. The forest in the dark is dangerous for them. D. They are keen to see rare birds at the destination. 55. In the passage, the author intends to tell us we should __________. A. fill our senses to feel the wonders of the world B. get rid of some bad habits in our daily life C. open our mind to new things and ideas D. try our best to protect nature 【解析】本文是一篇散文。我们有多久没有仔细观察我们周围的世界了。作者通过此文要告诉我们：放慢 脚步，带着我们所有的感官来感受周围世界的奇妙。 51. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段 Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults.可知，与 成人相比较，孩子观察得更多，从而可以推断出孩子更急于探索他们周围的世界。故选 D。 52. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段作者叙述在一个寒冷的夜晚，作者和学生徒步旅行穿过一条小溪的时候， 学生们抱怨水太冷而不愿往前走，结果事实上那是一个温泉。作者举这样一个事例是为了向读者传递这样 的观念：避免过早下结论。故选 A。 53. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段全段及首句 Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷) many of us have with naming things.可知，鸟观察者发现鸟后只关心鸟的名字，并不关心它在做什么。故选 C。 54. 细节理解题。根据文章第五段 I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what’s around them.可知，徒步旅行者只关心能够及时到达目的地，而很少关心周围的事物。故选 B。 55. 推理判断题。文章作者想要通过此文要告诉我们：大自然只展现给那些善于观察和等待的人，带着我 们所有的感官来感受周围世界的奇妙。 (2018﹒北京﹒阅读理解 D) Preparing Cities for Robot Cars The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated. While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions( 排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared. Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services. A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure( 基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology. Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it. 47. According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __________. A. help deal with transportation-related problems B. provide better services to customers C. cause damage to our environment D. make some people lose jobs 48. As for driverless cars, what is the author’s major concern? A. Safety. B. Side effects. C. Affordability. D. Management. 49. What does the underlined word ＂fielded＂ in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Employed. B. Replaced. C. Shared. D. Reduced. 50. What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars? A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Disapproving. D. Sympathetic. 【解析】 本文是一篇社会生活类文章。文章围绕无人驾驶汽车展开，展示了无人驾驶汽车的美好前景以及其必将 到来的趋势，呼吁政府采取措施，使无人驾驶汽车为人们的生活带来更多积极的影响。 47. A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated”以及后文中作者所描述的这些汽车带来的有利影响可知，作者认为我们应该注意如何让这些汽车 来帮助我们解决与交通有关的问题。故选 A。 48. D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated”可知，无人驾驶汽车的普及将带领社会走向何方，取决于这段过渡期如何。除此之外，倒数第二 段中也提到了政府对汽车降价带来的汽车数量上升的对策。而 A、B、C 在文中均未提到。故选 D。 49. A 词义猜测题。联系上下文，“考虑到无人驾驶技术的可靠性和责任与维护问题，第一批商用无人驾驶 汽车几乎会被全部投放到打车行业”。故选 A。 50. B 写作意图题。由文章的最后一段以及文章很大篇幅都在讲无人驾驶汽车的优点可知，作者对无人驾驶 汽车怀有积极态度。故选 B。 (2018﹒江苏﹒阅读理解 B) In the 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted( 享 有 ） a special meat soup called consomme. Although the main attraction was the soup, Roze's chain shops also set a new standard for dining out, which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant. Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants. Take visual hints that influence what we eat: diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食） when their plates matched their food. When a dark-colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one, customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty. Lighting matters, too. When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness, they couldn't tell how much they'd had: those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else, but were none the wiser—they didn’t feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert. Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants. Unlike fast-food places. fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend. One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart(莫扎特）.When classical, rather than pop, music was playing, diners spent more. Fast music hurried diners out. Particular scents also have an effect: diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草）stayed longerand spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent. Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending—"bad" tables, crowding. high prices — don't necessarily. Diners at bad tables — next to the kitchen door, say — spent nearly as much as others but soon fled. It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not "be overly concerned about ‘bad' tables," given that they're profitable. As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant's reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices. And doubling a buffet's price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier. 58. The underlined phrase "none the wiser" in paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were . A. not aware of eating more than usual B. not willing to share food with others C. not conscious of the food quality D. not fond of the food provided 59. How could a fine dining shop make more profit? A. playing classical music. B. Introducing lemon scent. C. Making the light brighter, D. Using plates of larger size. 60. What does the last paragraph talk about? A. Tips to attract more customers. B. Problems restaurants are faced with. C. Ways to improve restaurants' reputation. D. Common misunderstandings about restaurants. 【解析】 本文是一篇议论文。论述了现代餐馆面临的经营困境和解决方案，通过对比快餐店和正规餐馆提出，现代 餐饮业可以通过味道（比如薰衣草相比柠檬更能刺激消费者的食欲）、灯光的明暗（比如暗的灯光更能够 刺激顾客食欲）等吸引顾客。 58.A 词义猜测题。根据该句中“…they didn’t feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert”可知，他们没有感觉更饱，想要再吃一点甜点；据此可以判断，划线词表示“他们没有意识到比平时吃得多”，故选 A 项。 (2018﹒江苏﹒阅读理解 C) If you want to disturb the car industry, you'd better have a few billion dollars: Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies. But in agriculture, small farmers can get the best of the major players. By connecting directly with customers, and by responding quickly to changes in the markets as well as in the ecosystems( 生态 系统） , small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys. As the co-founder of the National Young Farmers Coalition (NYFC, 美国青年农会）and a family farmer myself. I have a front-row seat to the innovations among small farmers that are transforming the industry. For example, take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester, a tool developed just a couple of years ago by a young farmer, Jonathan Dysinger, in Tennessee, with a small loan from a local Slow Money group. It enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per hour—a huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by hand—suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California. Before the tool came out, small farmers couldn't touch the price per pound offered by California farms. But now, with the combination of a better price point and a generally fresher product, they can stay in business. The sustainable success of small farmers, though, won't happen without fundamental changes to the industry. One crucial factor is secure access to land. Competition from investors. developers, and established large farmers makes owning one's own land unattainable for many new farmers. From 2004 to 2013, agricultural land values doubled, and they continue to rise in many regions. Another challenge for more than a million of the most qualified farm workers and managers is a non-existent path to citizenship — the greatest barrier to building a farm of their own. With farmers over the age of 65 outnumbering( 多 于 ） farmers younger than 35 by six to one, and with two-thirds of the nation's farmland in need of a new farmer, we must clear the path for talented people willing to grow the nation's food. There are solutions that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fair farm economy, but farmers can't clumsily put them together before us. We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farms from all backgrounds. With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers. 61. The author mentions car industry at the beginning of the passage to introduce . A. the progress made in car industry B. a special feature of agriculture C. a trend of development in agriculture D. the importance of investing in car industry 62. What does the author want to illustrate with the example in paragraph 2? A. Loans to small local farmers are necessary. B. Technology is vital for agricultural development. C. Competition between small and big farms is fierce D. Small farmers may gain some advantages over big ones. 63. What is the difficulty for those new famers? A. To gain more financial aid. B. To hire good farm managers. C. To have fans of their own. D. To win old farmers’ support. 64. What should farmers do for a more sustainable and fair farm economy? A. Seek support beyond NYFC. B. Expand farmland conservation. C. Become members of NYFC. D. Invest more to improve technology. 【解析】 文章主要阐述了美国的小农场主所持有的优势，同时也分析了目前美国农业所面临的问题，比如美国农业目前很多人不愿意卖地，且 60 岁以上的农民数目远远高出年轻农民。 61. B 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you want to disturb the car industry, you’d better have a few billion dollars: Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies. But in agriculture, small farmers can get the best of the major players.”提到汽车行业，小型汽车制造商不太可能打败最大的汽车公司。 然而农业就不一样了，小农场也能成为主导可知，作者开篇提到汽车行业，目的是引起下文，说明了农业 特色，故选 B 项。 62. D 推理判断题。文章第二段是通过事例来证明第一段“…small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys.”小农场也可能会超过大型农场可知，小农场也可能比大农场先占领先机，故选 D 项。 63. C 细节理解题。根据第三段“Competition from investors, developers, and established large farmers makes owning one’s own land unattainable for many new farmers.” 来自投资者、开发商和老牌大农场主的竞争使得 许多新农民无法拥有自己的土地可知，对于新型的农民来说要拥有自己的土地，即自己的农场还是困难重 重的，故选 C 项。 64. A 细节理解题。根据第四段“We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farmers from all backgrounds. With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers.”可知，除了在敦促国会增加耕地保护的同时，在 推动移民改革的同时，在寻求确保不同背景、雄心勃勃的下一代农民成功的政策时，农民应该为一个更可 持续、更公平的农业经济寻求更多的支持，故选 A 项。 (2019﹒全国新课标Ⅰ﹒阅读理解 D) During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself. Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior. Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事)in dangerous and risky behavior.” In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us." Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others. In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said. 32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school? A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool. 33. What is the second paragraph mainly about？ A. The classification of the popular. B. The characteristics of adolescents. C. The importance of interpersonal skills. D. The causes of dishonorable behavior 34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids? A. They appeared to be aggressive. B. They tended to be more adaptable. C. They enjoyed the highest status. D. They performed well academically. 35. What is the best title for the text? A. Be Nice-You Won’t Finish Last B. The Higher the Status, the BeerC. Be the Best-You Can Make It D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲到研究表明，对别人好，讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的有 益影响。 32.C 推理判断题。根据第一段 During the rosy years of elementary school, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status（在美好的小学时光里，我喜欢分享我的娃娃和笑话， 这让我保持了高高的社会地位。）由此推断出，作者在小学早期时，是一个慷慨的女孩。unkind 不 友善的；lonely 寂寞的；generous 慷慨的；cool 冷静的，故选 C。 33.A 主 旨 大 意 题 。 第 二 段 Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers.（临床心理学教授 Mitch Prinstein 将受欢迎的人分为两类:讨人喜 欢的人和追求地位的人。）是段落主题句，本段内容分别对 the likable 和 the status seekers 做了解释，所以 本段主要介绍了两种受欢迎的分类，故选 A。 34.B 推理判断题。根据第四段 It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment （它清楚 地表明，可爱可以促使健全的调整），由此推断出，心理学教授 Mitch Prinstein 的研究表明，最有人望的孩 子适应性更强，故选 B。 35.A 主旨大意题。通过阅读全文内容，尤其是最后一段，可知这篇文章主要讲了受欢迎，讨人喜欢对人 生活的各个方面有深远的有益影响。与选项 A“对别人好——最终，你的收获无穷无尽”一致，故选 A。 (2019﹒天津﹒阅读理解 C) How does an ecosystem（生态系统）work？What makes the populations of different species the way they are？Why are there so many flies and so few wolves？To find an answer，scientists have built mathematical models of food webs，noting who eats whom and how much each one eats. With such models，scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs， for instance，consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator（掠食动物）always eats huge numbers of a single prey（猎物），the two species are strongly linked；when a predator lives on various species，they are weakly linked. Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. If a predator can eat several species，it can survive the extinction（灭绝）of one of them. And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare，the switch allows the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction. Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable，where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. In the 1960s，scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species---including species they did not directly attack. And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the ocean，we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale，while on land，we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance. Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally，the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key，scientists says because once ecosystems pass their tipping point（临界点），it is remarkably difficult for them to return. 46. What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs？ A. The living habits of species in food webs. B. The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems. C. The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems. D. The differences between weak and strong links in food webs. 47. A strong link is found between two species when a predator______ A. has a wide food choice B. can easily find new prey C. sticks to one prey species D. can quickly move to another place 48. What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline？ A. The prey species they directly attack will die out. B. The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators. C. The living environment of other species will remain unchanged. D. The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes.49. What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4？ A. Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems. B. Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats. C. Species of commercial value dominate other species. D. Industrial activities help keep food webs stable. 50. How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance？ A. By getting illegal practices under control. B. By stopping us from killing large predators. C. By bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal. D. By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action. 【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了借助食物网的数学模型，科学家们发现了一些在食物网运营的关键 原则。科学家们说;因为一个生态系统越过了它的临界点，它们很难再回来。该系统将告诉我们何时适应人 类活动，这些活动正将生态系统推向崩溃，或者甚至允许我们将生态系统从边缘拉回来，预防是关键。 46.B 细节理解题。根据第一段的 With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs.可知，借助食物网的数学模型，科学家们发现了食物网中的一些关键原则。故选 B。 47. C 细节理解题。根据第一段的 When a predator(掠食动物) always eats huge numbers of a single prey(猎物)， the two species are strongly linked 可知，当捕食者总是吃大量的单一猎物，这两个物种是紧密相连的。故选 C。 48. D 推理判断题。根据第二段的 In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had, a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species they did not directly attack 可知，处于 食物网顶端的食肉动物对它们没有直接攻击的其他物种的种群数量有着惊人的控制，由此可推断出，如果 食物链顶级食肉动物的数量大大下降，其他物种的种群将经历意想不到的变化。故选 D。 49.A 推理判断题。根据第四段的 Ideally the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline 可知，人类过度的活动会将生态系统推向崩溃，由此可推断出，不受控制的人类活动极大地破坏了生态系 统。故选 A。 50. D 细节理解题。根据最后一段的 Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline.可知，早期变暖系统发出紧急 需要采取预防行动的信号帮助我们维持生态平衡。故选 D。 (2019﹒江苏﹒阅读理解 B) In the 1960s，while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park，Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that，oddly，had not troubled anyone before:he couldn't find the park's volcano. It had been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature — that's what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features. But Christiansen couldn't find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere. Most of us，when we talk about volcanoes，think of the classic cone(圆锥体)shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro，which are created when erupting magma(岩浆)piles up. These can form remarkably quickly. In 1943， a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high. Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across. Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth，all but a few hundred of them extinct. There is，however，a second les known type of volcano that doesn't involve mountain building. These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack，leaving behind a vast hole，the caldera. Yellowstone obviously was of this second type，but Christiansen couldn't find the caldera anywhere. Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors' centers. As soon as Christiansen saw the photos，he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera; almost the whole park-2.2 million acres—was caldera. The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across—much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans. 58. What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone？ A. Its complicated geographical features. B. Its ever-lasting influence on tourism. C. The mysterious history of the park. D. The exact location of the volcano.59. What does the second-paragraph mainly talk about？ A. The shapes of volcanoes. B. The impacts of volcanoes. C. The activities of volcanoes. D. The heights of volcanoes. 60. What does the underlined word "blow-up" in the last paragraph most probably mean？ A. Hot-air balloon. B. Digital camera. C. Big photograph. D. Bird's view. 【解析】本文为说明文。讲述了二十世纪六十年代 Bob Christiansen 在研究黄石公园的火山历史时，奇怪 地发现到处看不到火山的影子，原来，这儿的火山并不是像我们大部分人想象的那种圆锥体形状的高耸的 样子，而是一个巨大的洞，这个洞太大了以至于从地面上的任何地方都看不见。 58.D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句 But Christiansen couldn’t find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.可 知，他困惑的是到处看不到火山。故选 D。 59.A 主旨大意题。本段讲述了两种形状的火山，一种是通常人们所理解的由火山岩浆堆积形成的圆锥体， 还有一种极具爆发力的火山，它们会在一个大裂缝中爆裂，留下一个巨大的洞，故选 A。 60.C 词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句 Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors’ centers.可知，美国国家航空和宇宙 航行局为测试一些新的高海拔照相机而拍摄了黄石公园的照片。一位深思熟虑的官员把其中的一些照片副 本转交给了公园管理部门，认为他们可能会将其放大以供一个游客中心展示。故可知，此处意为将照片放 大，选 C。 (2019﹒浙江﹒阅读理解 C) California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素). The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent. Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源). But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development. The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪). Since the 1930s, Mclntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season. 27. What is the second paragraph mainly about? A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California. B. The increasing variety of California big trees. C. The distribution of big trees in California forests. D. The influence of farming on big trees in California. 28. Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees? A. Ecological studies of forests. B. Banning woodcutting. C. Limiting housing development. D. Fire control measures. 29. What is a major cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre? A. Inadequate snowmelt. B. A longer dry season. C. A warmer climate. D. Dampness of the air. 30. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone? B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests? D. Patrick Mclntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California 【解析】本文为说明文，根据一项研究表明，自 20 世纪 30 年代以来，加州已经失去了一半的大树，气候 变化似乎是其主要因素。 27.A 主旨大意题。在第二段中，作者用具体数据说明了大树损失在各个地区的严重程度，没有任何地区 幸免或不受影响，故选 A。 28. D 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句 Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources（资源）.可知，野火控制在控制了森林大火的同时，使得 加利福尼亚的森林里挤满了小树，它们与大树争夺资源，这对大树产生了不利的影响，故选 D。 29.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段 the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, …, and earlier snowmelt, …可知，造成加州水资源短缺的最大因素是气温的上升，以及较早的 融雪，故选 C。 30.A 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，自 20 世纪 30 年代以来，加州已经失去了一半的大树，文章分析了引 起该现象的几个主要因素。全文围绕“加州森林的大树都去哪儿了”话题展开，故选项 A 符合题意。 (2019﹒全国新课标Ⅱ﹒阅读理解 C) Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like more Americans, she’s not alone. A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent)have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore，74 percent，according to statistics from the report. “I prefer to go out and be out. Alone，but together，you know？”Bechtel said，looking up from her book. Bechtel，who works in downtown West Palm Beach，has lunch with coworkers sometimes，but like many of us， too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today，I just wanted some time to myself，”she said.Just two seats over，Andrew Mazoleny，a local videographer，is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “It's a chance for self-reflection, You return to work recharged and with a plan.” That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one，but those days are over. Now，we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before al the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demerit， whose company provided the statistics for the report. 28. What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about? A. Food variety B. Eating habits. C. Table manners. D. Restaurant service. 29. Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch? A. To meet with her coworkers. B. To catch up with her work. C. To have some time on her own. D. To collect data for her report. 30. What do we know about Mazoleny? A. He makes videos for the bar. B. He’s fond of the food at the bar. C. He interviews customers at the bar. D. He’s familiar with the barkeeper. 31. What is the text mainly about? A. The trend of having meals alone. B. The importance of self-reflection. C. The stress from working overtime. D. The advantage of wireless technology. 【解析】本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛围，或者 反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势。28.B 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，在美国，约有 46%的人们独自用餐，53%的人们独自吃早餐，46% 的人们独自吃午餐，只有 74%的人们晚餐不是独自享用，故可知本段的数据是关于用餐习惯，故选 B。 29.C 细节理解题。根据第三段 A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. Today, I just wanted some time to myself.可知，Bechtel 一个人吃午饭可以让她逃离老板的关注，给自己留一 些自由时间，故选 C。 30.D 推理判断题。根据第四段 he likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction.可知 Mazoleny 喜欢这样的气氛，因为可 以坐在那里，查看手机信息，或者想聊天了，可以直呼吧台服务员名字和他聊天，故可知，他与服务员很 熟悉，可以直呼对方名字，故选 D。 31.A 主旨大意题。本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作 氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势，故选 A。 (2019﹒全国新课标Ⅲ﹒阅读理解 B) For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative. "It's no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers," says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时 尚)shows. Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学)on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences. "China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China-some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hil. For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. "The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers," she says. "China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China-its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways." 24. What can we learn about the exhibition in New York? A. It promoted the sales of artworks. B. It attracted a large number of visitors. C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes. D. It aimed to introduce Chinese models. 25. What does Hill say about Chinese women? A. They are setting the fashion. B. They start many fashion campaigns. C. They admire super models. D. They do business all over the world. 26. What do the underlined words "taking on" in paragraph 4 mean? A. learning from B. looking down on C. working with D. competing against 27. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the World B. A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York C. Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics D. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends 【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了中国文化对世界时尚届的影响，中国年轻的设计师和模特如何最 终在许多方面被认可。中国成了世界时尚的风向标。 24.B 细节理解题。答案定位在第三段 The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.（此次展览吸引的参观者人数创下了记录，显示出人们对中国影响的浓厚兴趣。）由此 可知，纽约的展览吸引了许多参观者，故选 B。 25.A 细节理解题。答案定位在第四段 Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion-they are central to its movement . （中国模特是向全世界女性推销梦想的美和时尚活动的代言人，这意味着中国女 性不仅仅是时尚的消费者——她们是这场运动的核心。）由此可知，Hill 说中国女性开创了新时尚，故选 A。 26.D 词义猜测题。下文 and beating them hands down in design and sales 说并在设计和销售上击败他们。由 此推断出上文 Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Mare Jacobs 的意思是 Vera Wang、Alexander Wang 和 Jason Wu 正在与 Galliano、Albaz 和 Mare Jacobs 竞争。taking on 意思是“竞争”，故选 D。 27.D 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段 china and its culture have long been an inspiration for western creations.以 及 最 后 一 段 If you talk about fashion today , you are talking about China - its influences , its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways."（如果 你今天谈论时尚，你谈论的是中国——它的影响，它的方向，它令人惊叹的服装，以及年轻的设计师和模 特如何最终在许多方面被认可。），结合全文内容，可知这篇文章最恰当的题目是“中国文化助力国际时尚 潮流”，故选 D。 (2019﹒天津﹒阅读理解 D) Would you BET on the future of this man ？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book. The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes，and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long before？ We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark. I'm not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years. Most of us，in fact，progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But，if we are willing to lean， the opportunities are everywhere. The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we can't change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please，some people are never going to love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing. With high motivation and enthusiasm，we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However，we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos（自我），whether to loved ones，to fellow humans，to work，or to some moral concept.Many of us equate（视……等同于）“commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence whether they are driving a truck ，or running a store-make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. They've learned life's most valuable lesson. 51. The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that_________. A. loss of freedom stimulates one's creativity B. age is not a barrier to achieving one's goal C. misery inspires a man to fight against his fate D. disability cannot stop a man's pursuit of success 52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean？ A. End one's struggle for liberty. B. Waste one's energy taking risks. C. Miss the opportunity to succeed. D. Lose the interest to continue learning. 53. What could be inferred from Paragraph 4？ A. Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped. B. Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead. C. Opportunity favors those with a curious mind. D. Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind. 54. What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5？ A. A tough man can tolerate suffering. B. A wise man can live without self-pity C. A man should try to satisfy people around him. D. A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life 55. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage？ A. To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life. B. To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work. C. To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.D. To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career. 【解析】本文属于议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。 51.B 推理判断题。第一段讲述塞万提斯一生不幸，负债累累，因为战争受伤左手残疾，同时还身陷囹圄， 在 53 岁的时候决定写书，最终写出成名作《唐吉柯德》，根据后文可知，所有的困境都没有阻挡他的成功， 年龄也是如此，故选 B。 52.D 词义猜测题。根据第三段 I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.故可知，作者谈论的不是 那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知 run out of steam 可知，停止学习，故选 D。 53.C 推理判断题。根据第四段 we lose the sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are everywhere.可知，我们失去了好奇感，但是如果我们愿意学习，机会无处不在，故可知，机会总是留给那 些好奇心的人，故选 C。 54. D 推理判断题。根据第五段 we learn to bear with the things we can’t change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us—an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.可知，我们学会承受那些无法改变的事情，学会避免自怜，也学会了无论我们怎么 去取悦别人，有些人是无法喜欢我们的，这个观点起初让我们苦恼，但是之后会让我们释怀，故可知，本 段作者告诉我们要学会使用恰当的方式来对待生活，故选 D。 55.A 主旨大意题。本文讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义，故本文作者的目的是 为了指导我们过一个有意义的成年人生活，故选 A。 (2019﹒江苏﹒阅读理解 C) Who cares if people think wrongly that the Internet has had more important influences than the washing machine? Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes? It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people's opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources. The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so "yesterday" that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in "post-industrial society" has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制造业) with negative consequences for their economies.Even more worryingly, the fascination with the Internet by people in rich countries has moved the international community to worry about the "digital divide" between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people's lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money. In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a "borderless world". As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back. Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results. Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the national and the international levels, and for making the right career choices at the individual level. However, our fascination with the latest, and our under valuation of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all sorts of wrong directions. 61. Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to __________. A. a lack of confidence in technology B. a slow progress in technology C. a conflict of public opinions D. a waste of limited resources 62. The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should __________. A. take people's essential needs into account B. make their programmes attractive to people C. ensure that each child gets financial supportD. provide more affordable internet facilities 63. What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations? A. Neglecting the impacts of technological advances. B. Believing that the world has become borderless. C. Ignoring the power of economic development. D. Over-emphasizing the role of international communication. 64. What can we learn from the passage? A. People should be encouraged to make more donations. B. Traditional technology still has a place nowadays. C. Making right career choices is crucial to personal success. D. Economic policies should follow technological trends. 【解析】本文属于议论文，讲述对信息技术的过分迷恋对国家，对个人，对慈善事业都会有不利的影响。 61.D 细节理解题。根据第二段 However, they have reak impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources. 可知，对信息技术的错误判断会导致有限资源的错误使用，也就是资源的浪费，故选 D。 62.A 推理判断题。根据第四段 Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people's lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.可知，与 其给那些贫困地区孩子笔记本电脑或者建网络中心，还不如给钱打井，铺电网或者生产他们买得起的洗衣 机，这些东西更能改善他们的生活。作者不是说这些东西一定更重要，但是很多捐赠者没有仔细考虑捐赠 的东西的长期成本，因此作者建议捐赠者要考虑接受捐赠的人的实际情况，而不是一味地追求信息化，故 选 A。 63.B 推理判断题。根据第五段 In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a "borderless world". 以及 Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.可知，对新 东西的迷恋让人们认为如今通讯技术和交通的变革让我们生活在一个无国界的世界。正是认为我们生活在这样一个世界，很多政府取消了关于跨国界的资本、劳动力以及商品流动的法律法规，故选 B。 64.B 推理判断题。根据第三段 The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so "yesterday" that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in "post-industrial society" has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制造业) with negative consequences for their economies.可知，对互联网呈现 的通讯技术变革的迷恋让很多富裕国家做出一个错误的结论，制造产品已经过时了，他们应该靠创意生活， 因而忽略了制造业，从而对经济造成不利影响，故可知传统的技术依然传统的技术依然有它的地位，不能 新兴的信息技术取代，故选 B。