1
秘籍 15 推理判断题
考点归纳
推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的设题。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是
为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础
上，做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句
话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的
推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出
的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。常见的题干有：
1. It can be inferred from the text that…
2. We can conclude that…
3. When the writer talks about..., what he really means is that…
4. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
从历年的高考阅读理解题分析来看，推理判断题所占的比例大概在 7％-10％，一般可以归纳为五大题
型：细节推断题、因果推断题、人物性格、预测想象推理题和写作意图推测题。下面就这五大类型的题目
进行剖析：
题型一 细节推断题：
常见的设问方式：
It can be inferred from the passage/text that_________.
The author mainly suggests that ________.
It can be concluded from the passage that_______.
The writer implies but not directly states _______.
What does the author imply about newspapers?2
细节判断题属于深层理解题，要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节。做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章
的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点
代替作者的观点。
干扰项特点：
1. 文章中直接用于表达细节的信息
2. 文章中无关紧要或片面推出的结论
3. 与文章内容完全相反的结论
4. 不合常理或不合逻辑的结论等。
解题技巧
1. 要全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。
2. 要忠实原文，切忌脱离原文，凭空臆断。
3. 注意不要选择表层信息答案，应该立足由已知推断未知。
典例剖析
(2019 新课标卷 II，B)
“You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers，then I will do it.” This was an actual
reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.
I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for
an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the
single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even
on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up,“Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.”
I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The
unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts.
Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able 3
to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced
oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.
Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled
with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community(社
区)as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.
In that sense, I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit. However, if
others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?
24. What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph l？
A. She knows little about the club.
B. She isn't good at sports.
C. She just doesn't want to volunteer.
D. She's unable to meet her schedule.
25. What does the underlined phrase“tug at the heartstrings”in paragraph 2 mean ?
A. Encourage team work.
B. Appeal to feeling.
C. Promote good deeds
D. Provide advice.
26. What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3?
A. She gets interested in lacrosse.
B. She is proud of her kids.
C. She’ll work for another season.
D. She becomes a good helper.4
27. Why does the author like doing volunteer work?
A. It gives her a sense of duty.
B. It makes her very happy.
C. It enables her to work hard.
D. It brings her material rewards.
【文章大意】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文中讲述了作者成功说服了一个家长参加志愿者团队，作为一名志愿者作者发挥
了自己的作用，并获得了快乐。
24.C 推理判断题。【解析】根据文章第一段中的 You can use me as a last resort（选择）, and if nobody else
volunteers，then I will do it.可知，你可以当我是最后的候选人，如果没有其他的志愿者，那么我就做。由此
可推断出，她不想做自愿者。故选 C。
25.B 词义猜测题。【解析】根据划线前句 she may just need a little persuading.和下面的一句话 I mention the
single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even
on ...可知，作者为了劝服这位家长，举了两个例子。故可知，划线句此处应是“煽情”之意。故选 B。
26.D 细节理解题。【解析】根据第三段中这位家长作出的贡献及the same parent ends up becoming an
invaluable member of the team 可知，她最终成为了志愿者队伍中的重要的一员，也即是说，她成了一个好帮
手。故选 D。
27.B 细节理解题。【解析】题干问作者为什么喜欢做志愿者工作。根据第四最两句Connecting to the
community（社区）as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just
feels so good.可知，为社区做贡献可以带来真正的快乐， 参加志愿者活动活动能让人感觉快乐。故选 B。
题型二 预测推断题：
常见的设问方式：
What do you think will happen when/if…?5
At the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write _______.
The paragraph following the passage will most probably be about_______.
Which of the following statements is most likely to be talked about in the following paragraph?
有些内容文章中没有明确说明，这就要求考生根据语篇内容，对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的
内容等进行预测、推断。作这类题时考生应准确把握作者的写作思路，从而作出比较准确的、合情合理的
猜测。
解题技巧
典例剖析
Science has a lot of uses.It can uncover laws of nature, cure diseases, make bombs, and help bridges to stand
up.Indeed science is so good at what it does that there's always a temptation (诱惑) to drag it into problems where it
may not be helpful.David Brooks, author of The Social Animal: The Hidden Sources of Love, Character, and
Achievement, appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation.
Brooks gained fame for several books.His latest book The Social Animal, however, is more ambitious and
serious than his earlier books.It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics.The book focuses on big
questions: What has science revealed about human nature? What are the sources of character? And why are some
people happy and successful while others aren't?
To answer these questions, Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines (学科).Considering this, you might
expect the book to be a dry recitation of facts.But Brooks has structured his book in an unorthodox (非常规的), and
perhaps unfortunate, way.Instead of introducing scientific theories, he tells a story, within which he tries to make
his points, perhaps in order to keep the reader's attention.So as Harold and Erica, the hero and heroine in his story,
live through childhood, we hear about the science of child development, and as they begin to date we hear about the
做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路(如
文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也
可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述)，
从而做出比较科学的、合情合理的预
测。6
theory of sexual attraction.Brooks carries this through to the death of one of his characters.
On the whole, Brooks's story is acceptable if uninspired.As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and,
to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. I enjoyed, for instance，the chapter in which Harold discovers
how to think on his own.While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters, the more serious
problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere.These problems partly involve Brooks's attempt to translate his tale
into science.
1.The author mentions the functions of science at the beginning of the passage to ________.
A.illustrate where science can be applied
B.demonstrate the value of Brooks's new book
C.remind the reader of the importance of science
D.explain why many writers use science in their works
2.According to the author,which of the following could be a strength of the book?
A.Its strong basis.
B.Its convincing points.
C.Its clear writing.
D.Its memorable characters.
3.What is the author's general attitude towards the book?
A.Contradictory. B.Supportive.
C.Cautious. D.Critical.
4.What is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph?
A.Problems with the book.
B.Brooks's life experiences.
C.Death of the characters.
D.Brooks's translation skills.
【文章大意】
本文是一篇说明文。科学有很多用途。许多作家也经常引用科学常识，但并不是每个人这样做都能达到自7
己预期的效果。为什么这么说呢？下面就让我们来看一下 David Brooks 写的一本书吧！
1.D 推理判断题。【解析】第一段前两句介绍了科学的诸多优点。第三、四句说到了人们过于重视科学的
优点而处处加以引用，但是这样会起到适得其反的效果，David Brooks 就是一个例子。第一段最后一句中的
“who have failed to resist the temptation”就证明了这一点，由此可以推断出，作者在文章开头渲染科学的诸多
好处是为了解释为什么那么多作家愿意在自己的书中引用关于科学的常识。所以选择 D 项。
2.C 细节理解题。【解析】根据最后一段中的“his writing is mostly clear ...”可知，读者会发现这本书清晰明
了，并不是枯燥知识的介绍，由此可知选择 C 项。根据第三段中的“Instead of introducing scientific theories, he
tells a story, within which he tries to make his points ...”可以排除 A 项和 B 项。根据最后一段中的“Harold and
Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters”可以排除 D 项。
3.D 观点态度题。【解析】根据第三段的第三句“But Brooks has structured his book in an unorthodox (非常规
的), and perhaps unfortunate，way.”及短文最后的“... the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie
elsewhere.These problems partly involve Brooks's attempt to translate his tale into science.”可知，作者对这本书持
“批评”态度，所以选择 D 项。
4.A 推理判断题。【解析】根据文章最后一段倒数第二句中的“the more serious problems”和最后一句中的
“These problems”可知，作者对存在的问题提出了自己的疑问，所以可以推断文章的下一段应该是围绕着
“problems”展开，由此可知应该选择 A 项。
题型三 文章来源或读者对象题：
常见的设问方式：
This passage would most likely be found in _______.
The passage is probably taken out of ________.
Where is the passage most likely from?
文章来源或读者对象推断题要求考生具备一定的常识。因此考生本身要对报纸、杂志、网络、科普知
识、小说、童话、广告、教材、说明书、旅游指南、操作指南等有基本的了解，这样才能在做题时根据文
章的特点选出答案。
典例剖析
(2019 课标卷 I，C)8
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测
量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are
still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this
problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and
the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like
the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the
keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer
it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a
keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times
using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on
how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to
commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the
near future.
31. Where is this text most likely from?
A. A diary. B. A guidebook C. A novel. D. A magazine.
【文章大意】
这是一篇说明文。数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，目前，向指纹扫描等这些技术仍然是昂贵的。本文介
绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，它能给 e-space 用户带来安全，而且这项技术也不贵。
D 推理判断题。【解析】本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，它能给 e-space 用户带来安全，由此可知，
本文是关于科技，结合所给选项可知，本文可能来自于一本杂志。故选 D。
题型四 写作意图推断题：
常见的设问方式：9
What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?
The purpose of the text is to get more people to _______.
The writer of the story wants to tell us that________.
The fact…is mentioned by the author to show________.
The author writers the last paragraph in order to ________.
写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作
者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题
型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。
一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者
的写作意图。
典例剖析
（2018·新课标全国卷 I·B）
Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is
cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight
budget.
In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt
offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. And the Good
Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s leant into practice in her own home,
preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11.
"We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant," she
explains. "I pay £5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar
and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food
ourselves. "10
The eight-part series( 系列节目), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money:
Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.
With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each
week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget.
The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
24. What do we know about Susanna Reid?
A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests. B. She has started a new programme.
C. She dislikes working early in the morning. D. She has had a tight budget for her family.
25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?
A. He buys cooking materials for her. B. He prepares food for her kids.
C. He assists her in cooking matters. D. He invites guest families for her.
26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?
A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. B. Provide some advice for the readers.
C. Add some background information. D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.
27. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B. Balancing Our Daily Diet
C. Making yourself a Perfect Chef D. Cooking Well for Less
C. Making Yourself a Perfect Chef D. Cooking Well for Less
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一档英国系列电视节目，给观众介绍如何减少食物浪费
以及如何以较少的预算做出美味佳肴。
24.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段知道 Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling
guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role 可知，她开辟了一个新的11
节目。故选 B。
25.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的 In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each
week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing
recipes for under £5 per family a day.可知， Susanna 在 Matt Tebbutt 的帮助下，提供如何减少食物浪
费同时给每日生活费低于 5 英镑的每个家庭准备食谱。故选 C。解题关键词：同义词表达 with the help
of 和 help。
26.C 【解析】写作意图题。根据文章第四段中的 which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast
range of health products on the market.可知，Save Money: Good Food 节目是 Save Money: Good
Health 节目之后，给观众一些建议：如何从众多的市场上的健康产品中获取价值。故选 C。
27.D 【解析】主旨要义题。根据文章的整体内容可知，文章作者一直在讲如何用较少的钱做出好的食物。
根据文章中的 prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. 在资金紧张的情况下，准备可口
且有营养的饭菜； how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. 如何
减少食物浪费同时给每日生活费低于 5 英镑的每个家庭准备食谱； how cheaply we can make this food
ourselves. 我们自己做这种食物有多便宜； less expensive but still tasty recipes.不贵可仍然可口的食谱。
可以推知 D 正确。
题型五 人物性格、心情处境、态度及观点等推断题
高考阅读测试中有些题目考查学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、
性格倾向和作用或文中人物的态度、观点等方面的理解。做这一类题时一定注意：
（1）由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。
（2）特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中
的措辞，尤其是感情色彩的形容词。
（3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。
干扰项特点：
1. 是自己的某种看法或观点12
2. 是社会的一种普遍种倾向
3. 是与本文无关或与作者相反的观点或看法等
解题技巧：
1. 问全文主体事物的(包括主题)，可以根据阐述主题或有关主体事物的相关句中表达感情色彩的形容词、
副词或动词确定作者的态度；
2. 如果问的是对某一具体事物的态度，则可以定位到具体相关句，然后确定答案。
典例剖析
（2018·浙江卷，C）
As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young.The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in
Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line(装配线)on September 27,1908.Only eleven cars
were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.
Modern America was born on the road，behind a wheel.The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of
American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger.For most of the last century, the
car represented what it meant to be American — going forward at high speed to find new worlds.The road novel,
the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a neverending
interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history.
In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since
then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farmbased
society into an industrial power.
The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.In America the
demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.
The problems of excessive (过度的) energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been
described in a book by the American writer Thomas L.Friedman.He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.
Friedman points out that the green economy (经济) is a chance to keep American strength.“The ability to
design，build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is
going to be the currency of power in the new century.” 13
28.Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?
A.To explain Americans' love for travelling by car.
B.To show the influence of cars on American culture.
C.To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.
D.To praise the effectiveness of America's road system.
29.What has the use of cars in America led to?
A.Decline of economy.
B.Environmental problems.
C.A shortage of oil supply.
D.A farm-based society.
30.What is Friedman's attitude towards America's future?
A.Ambiguous. B.Doubtful.
C.Hopeful. D.Tolerant.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国经典的“汽车文化”，它对美国各方面的影响是巨大而
深远的。汽车给美国人民带来了便利，把美国从一个以农业为主的国家变成一个工业大国，汽车成为美国
社会的一个文化符号。但与此同时，汽车也带来了很多问题，例如能源的过度消耗、气候变化以及污染等。
28.B 推理判断题。【解析】根据第二段第二句“The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American
culture ...even the hamburger.”可知，汽车对于汉堡文化的形成，影响是非常大的。所以，在第二段中提及汉
堡，就是为了展现汽车对于美国文化有相当大的影响，甚至影响到了汉堡。故选 B 项。
29.B 细节理解题。【解析】根据第四段第一句“The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a
global ecological disaster.”可知，驱动美国梦的汽车导致了全球性的生态灾难，即汽车的使用引起了环境问题。
故选 B 项。
30.C 观点态度题。【解析】根据最后一段第一句“Friedman points out that the green economy (经济) is a chance
to keep American strength.”可知，Friedman 认为绿色经济是使美国保持实力的一个机遇。由此可知，
他对美国的未来充满了希望。故选 C 项。
误区点拨14
锦囊妙计
阅读能力的考查不但要求理解具体事实细节，也要求理解抽象的含义，既要求理解字面意思，又要求理解
其深层含义，包括作者的态度、观点、意图等；既要求理解文章中某句、某段的含义及全文的逻辑关系，
又要求根据其含义及逻辑关系进行推理和判断。
推理判断属于高层次阅读理解，在解答时应注意以下几点：
1.掌握常见的提问形式
常用 infer, imply,suggest, conclude, learn, intend, mean, describe, purpose 等词提问，或提问中含有表示推测
的情态动词，如：can, could, might, would 等何其他表示可能性的副词或词组，如 probably, most likely 等。
2. 解题思路
做题时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，
透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外音”。在阅读是要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文内
在联系，挖掘文章的深沉含义。首先在进行推理时，要仔细阅读短文，千万不可脱离原文而凭个人的看法，
主观臆断。其次对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机。事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、
观点等要进行合乎逻辑的推断。推理分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。再次，在解答
推理问题时，应清楚应清楚所要解答的问题是针对某个细节进行判断，还是针对主题思、作者的意图进行
判断。针对细节的推断可运用略读的方法，迅速在阅读材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后在进行推
理判断。针对主题思想进行判断时，其解题的主要依据是文章的主题思想，然后再分析句子之间的逻辑关
系，区分观点与例证（opinion and fact）、原因与结果（cause and effect），主观点与次观点（main idea and
supporting idea）
3.推理题的解题方法
（1）抓住特定的信息进行逆向或正向推理
做此类试题时，要善于某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理判断，利用逆向思维
或正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
（2）整合全文（段）信息进行推断15
做推理题时，有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来进行推理判断，
确定最佳结论。
（3） 利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断
几乎每篇文章的语境都有一定的褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态以及作者的写
作意图，因此利用好文章的语境褒贬性就能在把握主旨大意的基础上对文章进行准确的逻辑判断。认真阅
读原文并找出反映语境褒贬性及变化的标志性词汇或句子，对我们掌握文章主旨大意，了解主人公的心理
特点几发展变化，从而进行正确的逻辑判断很有好处。
（4）根据文章的结论推断作者的态度
作者的态度、倾向是作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞
颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于
修饰的词语之中。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文章中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。
（5)根据上下文的逻辑关系得出结论
逻辑结论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻
辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。做这类题时，应把握作者的写
作思路，预测下文可能发展的内容。文章可按照事件发展的经过描写，也可按因果关系、对比关系来描写。
（6) 结合自己已有的知识进行推断
知识推断是根据文章中所阐述的细节，运用自己掌握的基础知识进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章意思
的结论的的一种推断方法。知识推断题一般都是针对细节。解答此类题不仅需要我们有一定的社会基础知
识，而且还需要对细节以及有关背景知识有充分的理解。
名校模拟
Passage1
Porridge doesn't have a very tasty name, does it? It doesn't have a very tasty reputation, either. I'm here to try
and convince you that porridge isn’t boring and tasteless, that it can be a delicious, convenient and very healthy
way to start the day.16
If you’ve never eaten it (although you probably have), porridge is a type of food served for breakfast. It is
usually a type of grain, like rice or oat (燕麦), mixed with either milk or water, and often heated up. It is often
thicker than liquid, but not solid and is very easy to digest, so it's a better option for people who are ill, and it
provides long-lasting energy for the day.
Porridge preparation--the amount of ingredients (配料) and cooking time—depends on what you choose to use
as your porridge base. If I'm cooking for myself, I put a very big handful of ‘rolled’ oats in a saucepan, add a little
bit of water and about 200ml of milk, and let the mixture boil. I stir the porridge constantly, and it takes about five
to ten minutes to cook.
Once it's cooked, the fun part is adding the flavors. Porridge alone doesn't have a very strong flavour.
Although some people think this makes porridge boring, I think this is what makes porridge exciting! It is like a
blank piece of paper—you can add almost anything you want to the porridge base. Greens, nuts and dried fruits are
very healthy options to add and can give you energy for the day. But if you don't like these, or you're allergic, then
honey and chocolate are also very tasty options. (Just don’t add to much!)
One of the best things about porridge? You can make it almost anywhere in the world. Either oats or rice or
both are “staple foods (主食)” for many people across the world. You can usually buy big bags of either, then add
local ingredients to make your porridge interesting—whatever is cheap and convenient to find, wherever you are. I
am currently in Mexico, and I love to heat my oats up with milk, then mix in peanuts and pumpkin seeds and cacao
nibs, and I put a layer of sugar over the top to make my porridge sweeter.
Porridge? Hopefully it sounds a lot tastier now!
1. According to the author, what is the best thing about porridge?
A. It provides long-lasting energy for the day.
B. It is cheap and convenient to make.
C. It's a better option for people.
D. It is never boring and tasteless.
2. What is the purpose of the text?17
A. To give brief introduction to various porridge.
B. To show how to prepare porridge for the patient.
C. To warn us not to have porridge for breakfast.
D. To introduce the benefits of porridge.
3. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Porridge is often thicker, liquid and solid.
B. Porridge alone has a very strong flavor.
C. Porridge is to many people's liking.
D. Porridge is only served for breakfast.
4. What's the author's favourite flavor?
A. Porridge with Sugar. B. Porridge with oats.
C. Porridge with fruit. D. Porridge with milk.
【文章大意】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，粥是一种美味、方便又健康的开始一天的方式，介绍了煮粥的方法。
1.B 细节理解题。【解析】由倒数第二段中的“You can make it almost anywhere in the world. Either oats or rice or
both are “staple foods (主食)” for many people across the world. You can usually buy big bags of either, then add
local ingredients to make your porridge interesting—whatever is cheap and convenient to find, wherever you are.”
可知， 粥最好的事情之一就是便宜且方便制作。故选 B 项。
2.D 推理判断题。【解析】由第一段中的“I'm here to try and convince you that porridge isn’t boring and tasteless,
that it can be a delicious, convenient and very healthy way to start the day.”与第二段中的“It is often thicker than
liquid, but not solid and is very easy to digest, so it's a better option for people who are ill, and it provides
long-lasting energy for the day.”及 倒 数 第 二 段 中 的“You can usually buy big bags of either, then add local
ingredients to make your porridge interesting—whatever is cheap and convenient to find, wherever you are.”以推18
断出这篇文章的目的是介绍粥的优点。故选 D 项。
3.C 细节理解题。【解析】由第二段中的“It is often thicker than liquid, but not solid and is very easy to digest, so
it's a better option for people who are ill, and it provides long-lasting energy for the day.”可知粥比液体稠，但不是
固体，排除 A 项；由第四段中的“Porridge alone doesn't have a very strong flavour.”排除 B 项；由第二段中的“If
you’ve never eaten it (although you probably have), porridge is a type of food served for breakfast.”可知粥是早餐
的一种食物，并不是只有早餐能吃，排除 D 项，所以只有 C 项正确，符合文意。
4.A 推理判断题。【解析】由倒数第二段中的“I am currently in Mexico, and I love to heat my oats up with milk,
then mix in peanuts and pumpkin seeds and cacao nibs, and I put a layer of sugar over the top to make my porridge
sweeter.”可知，作者最喜欢的味道是甜粥。故选 A 项。
Passage2
Since it never occurred to anybody at the school to provide the services of an interpreter, I had to sit in the
front row so that I could read the teacher’s lips. Classroom discussions were virtually impossible to follow because
I couldn’t hear what was being said around the room. In a vain effort to keep up with them, I was always asking
whoever happened to be sitting next to me what was being said. Eventually, I got tired of watching everyone shrug
their shoulders indifferently and rolling their eyes. I began to pretend that I knew what was going on. Fitting in was
so important to me that every time the kids laughed, I laughed along even though I felt muddle-headed most of the
time.
Luckily then fate threw me light.
On one sunny afternoon, my teacher, Mrs. Jordan, asked the class a question. I read her lips from my front-row
seat and immediately raised my hand. I couldn’t believe it — despite my fears, I felt incredibly confident because
— for once — I was sure I had the right answer. But, when she called on me, I was suddenly afraid. Here was an
opportunity to impress the powerful teacher and show her I was worthy of her love. I didn’t want to blow it. I took
a deep breath and nervously answered her question.
Her explosive response shocked all of us. She enthusiastically stepped her right foot on the floor, pointing
directly at me. With sparkling eyes and a wide smile she cried, “THAT’S RIGHT, STEPHEN!”
For the first time in my young life, I felt like an instant star. My heart burst with pride. My confidence soared. 19
It was amazing what a great effect the simple three-word phrase delivered with incredible enthusiasm had on my
young life. THAT’S RIGHT, STEPHEN! It got me to think that I would make a place for myself in this world no
matter how many obstacles I had to overcome. From that day, my grades and speech improved dramatically and my
peers suddenly looked at me with new respect.
1. What does the underlined word “muddle-headed” in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Absent-minded. B. Relaxed.
C. Confused. D. Delighted.
2. Why was the author in fear of answering Mrs. Jordan’s question?
A. He lacked confidence and bravery.
B. He wasn’t sure of the right answer.
C. He would be laughed at by his classmates.
D. He was afraid that he would disappoint her.
3. What can be inferred about Mrs. Jordan?
A. She was born with creativity. B. She changed the author’s life.
C. She was strict with her students. D. She was a woman of hot temper.
4. What could be the best title for the text?
A. Three Simple Words B. A Wonderful Teacher
C. My Inspiring Stories D. Disabled But Strong-willed
【文章大意】
这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己曾因听不见而自卑，后来在回答对 Mrs. Jordan 的提问后，感到自豪，生
活得到改变的故事。
1.C 词句猜测题。【解析】根据第一段“I began to pretend that I knew what was going on.”可知，我开始加装我20
知道发生了什么。由此可以看出，作者对发生的事情是感到迷惑的，所以通过上下文语境可以判断出，换
线词的意思是“感到迷惑的”，的意思。故选 C。
2.D 推理判断题。【解析】根据第四段“Here was an opportunity to impress the powerful teacher and show her I
was worthy of her love. I didn’t want to blow it. ”可知，以作者害怕回答 Mrs. Jordan 的提问时怕答错让她失望。
故选 D。
3.B 推理判断题。【解析】由最后一段“From that day, my grades and speech improved dramatically and my peers
suddenly looked at me with new respect. ”可以推断出，Mrs. Jordan 改变了作者的生活。故选 B。
4.A 主旨大意题。【解析】通读全文尤其是由最后一段“It was amazing what a great effect the simple three-word
phrase delivered with incredible enthusiasm had on my young life.”可以推测，这是发生在作者身上的改变，与
三个简单的字有关的故事，所以文章的标题可以用“三个简单的字”。故选 A。
Passage 3
If you’re reading this, it’s safe to assume you arrived by internet.
Maybe you caught the headline as it raced by on Twitter. Or you might be taking a break from watching a
boring movie on Netflix.
It doesn’t matter. Because according to a new study, it all adds up to the same thing: one distraction（分心的
事情）after another.
And the thing is, they’re welcome distractions. Because, as the research — published this week in the Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology — notes, people will do just about anything to avoid being left to their own
thoughts.
For their study, researchers designed a sample test for more than 2,557 participants in 11 countries. They
divided their test subjects into two groups. In the first group, people were asked to spend 10 to 15 minutes
“entertaining themselves with their thoughts as best they could.”
Just sit back and think about things. Sounds good, doesn’t it? Well, not really. The second group — the one
where people were told to surf the Net, play a video game, or even read a book — reported having much more fun.
They scored more highly on entertainment and lower on boredom. And the preference for distraction seemed to be 21
a global phenomenon, which may come as a surprise to Italians who are famously brilliant at doing nothing.
“The preference for doing external（外部的）activities such as reading, watching TV, or surfing the internet
rather than ‘just thinking’ appears to be strong throughout the world,” the researchers note in the study.
But there does seem to be an important thing that hasn’t been included in the study. Shouldn’t the quality of
thoughts matter? If you’ve got something positive to think about — say, how you’re going to spend your vacation
or the great screenplay you’ve already half-written in your head — why are you reading this?
On the other hand, if you are always bothered by negative thoughts — a sad or painful experience, perhaps —
by all means, keep scrolling（翻网页）.
Unfortunately, we won’t be able to take up much of your time here; it’s a short study that gets to the point in a
hurry. Don’t worry though. There’s a whole world of distractions out there. Say, have you seen that ship teetering
at the brink of Niagara Falls? And how about those charming cows? Bet you didn’t know they could smell you
from six miles away.
And that’s something to think about.
1. Why would the Italians be surprised at the phenomenon?
A. They prefer reading books to surfing the Net.
B. They’re convinced that thinking is significant.
C. They are used to being left to their own thoughts.
D. They seldom entertain themselves by surfing the Net.
2. How was the study conducted?
A. By reference research. B. By comparative study.
C. By theoretical analysis. D. By experimental study.
3. What seems to have been ignored in the study?
A. The quality of thoughts. B. The cause of the phenomenon.22
C. The solution to the problem. D. The kinds of distractions.
4. What’s the tone of the passage?
A. Worried. B. Disappointed.
C. Serious. D. Humorous.
【文章大意】
这是一篇说明文。《个性与社会心理学杂志》上指出人们会做任何事情来避免被自己的想法左右。研究指出
世界各地的人似乎都更喜欢阅读、看电视或上网等外部活动，而不是只是思考。但研究中似乎有一个重要
的遗漏，即思想的质量是否重要。
1.C 细节理解题。【解析】根据第六段“the preference for distraction seemed to be a global phenomenon, which
may come as a surprise to Italians who are famously brilliant at doing nothing. ”与第四段“as the research —
published this week in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology — notes, people will do just about
anything to avoid being left to their own thoughts. ”可知，意大利人对人们的做法感到吃惊是因为意大利人习惯
于被自己的想法左右。
2.B 推理判断题。【解析】根据第五段“For their study, researchers designed a sample test for more than 2,557
participants in 11 countries. They divided their test subjects into two groups.”可知，研究结果是通过比较两个小
组的表现得出的，因此判断出研究是通过对比进行的。
3.A 细节理解题。【解析】根据倒数第四段“But there does seem to be an important thing that hasn’t been included
in the study. Shouldn’t the quality of thoughts matter? ”可知，但研究中似乎有一个重要的遗漏。难道思想的质
量不重要吗？因此研究中忽略的是思想的质量。
4.D 推理判断题。【解析】根据倒数第二段“There's a whole world of distractions out there. Say, have you seen that
ship teetering at the brink of Niagara Falls? And how about those charming cows? Bet you didn't didn't know they
could smell you from six miles away.”可知，这种方式很幽默（humorous），所以判断出文章的基调是幽默的。
Passage4
Will November 11 Singles Day replace Black Friday in America? Officially in America, Thanksgiving is a 23
major holiday before Christmas, falling on the fourth Thursday of November. The day after that is what is known
as Black Friday, a holiday that marks the beginning of the Christmas shopping season.
Black Friday is so called because, first, it occurs on a Friday; second, sellers put so many items on sale that
always they’ll sell a lot and make a profit and return to being “in black”-- in the old days, profit figures were
recorded in the accounting book with black ink (while losses are recorded with red).
Black Friday is synonymous with the biggest shopping day of the year in America, just as November 11
Singles Day is celebrated as the biggest shopping day in China. In 2019, for example, Chinese e-commerce giants
Alibaba and JD.com reported more than $60 billion in sales. In comparison, Adobe Analytics, the retail(零售)data
tracking service, estimates that the long U.S. holiday shopping weekend generated total retail sales of $29 billion,
Singles Day 2019’s record sales made Black Friday look like a church bazaar. In other words, Chinese sales will
have dwarfed(使显得矮小)their American counterparts. This is what leads some people to talking about Singles
Day replacing Black Friday as the biggest shopping day of the year.
“In terms of figures, they have a point. But that’s where the comparison ends.” said Zhang Xin, trainer at
China Daily. “I don’t believe in talking big and bragging about facts and figures. I believe Americans will continue
to enjoy their holiday tradition as fervently as ever."
“On the Chinese side, I’m just happy that Chinese single people will have a day to remember and to celebrate
in their name.” Zhang Xin said, “Being single can be tough, so I think Singles Day is a great day to mark in their
name. If it is really any consolation, for those single people who don’t have any money to spend on that particular
day, it can be extra tough. Besides, no matter how much you spend as a single person, you are still single person.
Still and all, since every dog has its day, I think, by and large, all things considered, it helps to have a day named
after one self.”
1. When does Black Friday fall?
A. On the fourth Thursday of November. B. On the fourth Friday of November.
C. The day before Thanksgiving Day. D. The day before Christmas Day.
2. What does the question in the first paragraph serve as?24
A. A summary B. A background C. An argument D. A lead-in
3. Why do some people think Black Friday will be replaced by Singles Day?
A. Because the population in China is larger than that in America.
B. Because people in America pay less attention to Blacks Friday.
C. Because Singles Day brings more retail sales than Black Friday.
D. Because there is increasing number of single people in America.
4. What does Zhang Xin really want to say in the last two paragraphs?
A. Americans don’t like November 11 Singles Day.
B. Black Friday may not be replaced by November 11 Singles Day.
C. November 11 Singles Day shouldn’t be marked for those poor single people.
D. It’s meaningless to compare Black Friday with November 11 Singles Day by figures.
【文章大意】
这是一篇说明文。文章就美国的黑色星期五和中国的双十一购物节进行了对比，有些人认为黑色星期五会
被光棍节取代，因为光棍节带来的零售额比“黑色星期五”更多。一些人认为双十一并不会替代你美国的黑色
星期五，将二者做比较没有意义的。
1.B 细节理解题。【解析】根据第一段中Officially in America, Thanksgiving is a major holiday before Christmas,
falling on the fourth Thursday of November. The day after that is what is known as Black Friday, a holiday that
marks the beginning of the Christmas shopping season.可知，黑色星期五是十一月第四个星期五。故选
B。
2.D 推理判断题。【解析】根据第一段“Will November 11 Singles Day replace Black Friday in America?” 可知，
在这个疑问句之后第二段，第三段分别介绍了双十一购物节和美国的黑色星期五的相关信息。再根据第四
段中 I believe Americans will continue to enjoy their holiday tradition as fervently as ever.可知我相信美国人会一
如既往地热情地享受他们的节日传统。由此可知，第一段的设问目的目的是为了导入文章要说明的内容。25
故选 D。
3.C 细节理解题。【解析】根据第三段中Singles Day 2019’s record sales made Black Friday look like a church
bazaar. In other words, ... replacing Black Friday as the biggest shopping day of the year.可知，有些人认为黑色星
期五会被光棍节取代，因为光棍节带来的零售额比“黑色星期五”更多。故选 C。
4.D 推理判断题。【解析】根据倒数第二段中“In terms of figures, they have a point. But that’s where the
comparison ends.” said Zhang Xin, trainer at China Daily.可推出，张欣认为把黑色星期五和双十一单身节做比
较是没有意义的。
专家押题
Passage 1
As seniors in college looking forward to life’s next goals-graduation and employment-it is essential to have a
sense of feeling important. Every time I look through job listings, there is a small, and sometimes not so small
current running through my mind, spitting out little charges that are meant to stop me from even applying. The
charges come in the form of words that seem to shout out like “It is not even worth trying!” or “You look as if you
were a qualified man...”
I met with a professor last week about a specific posting that really got me excited. Maybe the first time I
could actually imagine myself in a position. I do not want to tell you which one because then there will be one more
person applying for it. However, the professor said to me, “You and thousands of other people are interested in that
job.” His response successfully dampened(抑制)my initial enthusiasm. So I went back to work on my cover letter,
feeling like one little itty-bitty(极小的)sardine swimming in a school of thousands, with far less motivation than I
had initially.
Of course, the realities are good, and we should never feel deserving of, or entitled to, a position. I would say
there are only a few select students out there. The cream, who has academic advantages, would be sure to stand out.
The rest of us, struggling through our course loads, are the crop. But being the crop does not make us any less
important!
The point is that, like the old Hasidic story goes in Jewish tradition, we should always remember to carry two 26
slips of paper in our pockets, especially during times of challenge and transition. When feeling beat down, or lost
within a school of sardines, take out one slip of paper that says “For my sake, the world was created”. But for fear
that you become a person filled with self-importance, carry a second slip of paper to serve as a gentle reminder, “I
am but dust and ashes.”
1. What does the author imply in Paragraph 1?
A. He doesn’t want to work after graduation.
B. He has no confidence in finding a good job.
C. He tries to behave himself after graduation.
D. He shows no interest in most jobs in the list.
2. After talking with the professor, the author was ________.
A. inspired B. confused C. discouraged D. embarrassed
3. What does the underlined part “the crop” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. The plants in the field. B. Common members of a group.
C. Those who enjoy their life. D. Those who are tied to a position.
4. What’s suggested in the last paragraph?
A. Control our feelings when faced with different problems.
B. Read as many old stories as possible in our daily life.
C. Learn how to make ourselves important to others.
D. Understand the function of two sheets of paper.
【文章大意】
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者作为一个大四学生，在找工作时认为被人重视是很重要的，但是在于教授进行
交谈后作者泄了气，感觉自己就像一条小沙丁鱼在成千上万人的学校里游泳，没有了最初那么大的动力。27
作者感悟到自己只是芸芸众生中普通的一员，关键是当面对不同的问题时要学会控制自己的情绪。
1.D 推理判断题。【解析】根据第一段中Every time I look through job listings, there is a small, ... to shout out
like “It is not even worth trying!” or “You look as if you were a qualified man...”判断，他对名单上的大多数工作
都不感兴趣。
2.C 细节理解题。【解析】根据第二段中His response successfully dampened my initial enthusiasm.可知他的反
应成功地浇灭了我最初的热情。由此可知，与教授交谈之后，作者泄气了。
3.B 词义猜测题。【解析】根据上文 The cream, who has academic advantages, would be sure to stand out. The
rest
of us, struggling through our course loads, are 可知这个有学术优势的人一定会脱颖而出。剩下的我们，在课业
负担中苦苦挣扎的人，是芸芸众生中普通的一员。可推知，the crop 在文章中指的是“芸芸众生中普通的一
员”。
4.A 推理判断题。【解析】根据最后一段中 When feeling beat down, or lost within a school of sardines, take out
one slip of paper that says...“I am but dust and ashes.”可知，我们在面对不同的问题时要学会控制自己的情绪。
Passage 2
According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, 33 percent of coral reefs (珊瑚礁) are in
danger. One of the victims is the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, the world’s largest coral reef system.
A team of British and Australian scientists banded and came up with a solution to revive one of the world’s
seven natural wonders. They used underwater loudspeakers to attract fishes to the dead coral reefs to help them
restore. The groundbreaking process is known as “acoustic (声音的) enrichment”.
Loudspeakers are placed on patches of dead corals in the Great Barrier Reef. After careful observation,
researchers discovered a favorable result-nearly twice as many fish arrived-and stayed, as compared to parts where
there was no sound from speakers.
“Healthy coral reefs are remarkably noisy places-the crackle of snapping shrimp and the whoop of fish
combine to form a biological soundscape. Young fish home in on these sounds when they’re looking for a place to 28
settle.” said Professor Steve Simpson at the University of Exeter.
Reefs become quiet when they are decarded(退化), as the shrimps and fish disappear. “By using loudspeakers
to restore this lost soundscape, we can attract young fish back again,” Simpson added. “Fish are crucial for coral
reefs to function as healthy ecosystems…Boosting fish populations in this way could help kick-start natural
recovery processes, counteracting(抵消) the damage we’re seeing on many coral reefs around the world.” he said.
Despite this groundbreaking discovery, we still have our work cut out for the preservation of coral reefs. The
average water temperatures are rising, and problems such as overfishing and pollution are still among the pressing
issues at hand. Also, further research is still needed to understand how loudspeakers influence the behavior of
aquatic(水中)creatures fully.
Nevertheless, hope is still visible for the degraded coral reefs. The authors of the acoustic enrichment study
remain to be optimistic in the power of music and sound to restore the reef’s abundant marine population.
1. How does “acoustic enrichment” function according to the text?
A. By scaring the enemy of fishes. B. By making degraded reefs noisier.
C. By appealing to young fishes. D. By making fishes multiply faster.
2. What does Prof Simpson think of bringing fish back?
A. It can help rebuild the coral reefs’ ecosystem.
B. It can benefit the other lives in the ocean.
C. It can make the ocean noisier and cleaner.
D. It can improve the food chains of the ocean.
3. What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?
A. The research has achieved a complete success.
B. It is tough to restore the damaged coral reefs.
C. Global winning is the biggest reason for reef victims.29
D. Music and sound benefit endangered animals.
4. What is the text mainly about?
A. The threats coral reefs face nowadays B. The world’s biggest coral reef system
C. Various reasons why corals are threatened D. A novel approach to degraded coral reefs
【文章大意】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种由英国和澳大利亚科学家组成的团队研究出的退化珊瑚礁的新方法，
被称为“acoustic enrichment”。他们用水下的扩音器把鱼吸引到死去的珊瑚礁上来帮助它们恢复。埃克塞特大
学的 Steve Simpson 教授发表了自己对此的看法，尽管有了突破性的发现，但是修复受损的珊瑚礁仍面临很
多困难。
1.C 细节理解题。【解析】根据第二段中 They used underwater loudspeakers to attract fishes to the dead coral
reefs to help them restore.可知，“acoustic enrichment”是通过吸引小鱼发挥作用的。
2.A 细 节 理 解 题 。【解 析 】 根 据 倒 数 第 三 段 中“Fish are crucial for coral reefs to function as healthy
ecosystems…Boosting fish populations in this way could help kick-start natural recovery processes, counteracting
the damage we’re seeing on many coral reefs around the world.” he said.可知，Simpson 教授认为把鱼带回来可以
帮助重建珊瑚礁的生态系统。
3.B 推理判断题。【解析】根据倒数第二段中Despite this groundbreaking discovery, we still have our work cut
out for the preservation of coral reefs.可知，修复受损的珊瑚礁是很困难的。
4.D 主旨大意题。【解析】根据第二段中A team of British and Australian scientists banded and came up with a
solution to revive one of the world’s seven natural wonders.可知，文章主要介绍了一种研究退化珊瑚礁的新方
法。
Passage3
Compassion and love are concepts that are often thought to be felt by humans only. As the most intelligent
creatures to ever walk the earth, we tend to assume that we are the only ones who can feel emotions. We forget that
the speechless beings who live here with us - animals - also have the same capability.30
During a cold night in Ontario, Canada, a passer-by spotted something on the side of the road that made her
stop -a shaking dog curled up in the snow.
When she approached the pup, she discovered that she wasn’t alone-she was cuddling five orphaned black
kittens to keep them warm.
The dog surely could have found a safer place to stay for the night, but she chose instead to help not just
herself but other stray animals as well.
The Good Samaritan called Pet and Wildlife Rescue and an animal control officer picked them up. When they
got to the shelter, it was apparent that a close bond had already been formed between the dog and the orphaned
kittens. The staff decided to name the kind dog Serenity in honor of her selfless act.
“It’s truly heartwarming!” a shelter spokesperson told The Dodo. “It had been a very cold night so these
kittens would have had a very hard time surviving.”
Aside from requiring treatment for worm and flea infections, the orphaned kittens are now safe. Just like a
proud and doting mother, Serenity insisted on checking on her babies regularly to oversee their progress.
The good news is that the kittens are now living with a foster family who will care for them until they are old
enough to be adopted. Serenity, on the other hand, is still looking for a family.
According to the shelter, she loves zooming around in the yard and is big on playing. She is also quite jumpy,
so she would do best in a home without small children.
1. What did the passer-by see on the road?
A. A dog curled up in the snow.
B. Five kittens were in the snow alone.
C. A dog was warming five kittens in the snow.
D. A dog found a safe place to stay for the night.
2. What does the underlined word “she” in paragraph 3 refer to?31
A. The passer-by. B. The dog.
C. The kitten. D. The spokesperson.
3. Where is the dog Serenity now?
A. Living in the shelter. B. Being adopted by a family.
C. Staying with the kittens. D. Playing with some children.
4. What can we draw from the story?
A. Animals and humans should live in harmony.
B. A sad end can be turned into a positive one.
C. Animals have the same capability with humans.
D. Animals can feel compassion and love like humans.
【文章大意】 这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了在加拿大安大略省的一个寒冷的夜晚，路人在路上看到了一只
狗在雪地里给五只小猫取暖的故事。这只狗本来可以找到一个更安全的地方过夜，但她选择不仅帮助自己，
也帮助其他流浪动物。让人感悟到动物可以和人一样感受到同情和爱。
1.C 细节理解题。【解析】根据第三段When she approached the pup, she discovered that she wasn’t alone-she
was cuddling five orphaned black kittens to keep them warm.可知，路人在路上看到了一只狗在雪地里给五只小
猫取暖。
2.B 词义猜测题。【解析】根据后文was cuddling five orphaned black kittens to keep them warm.可知，she 此处
指的是给小猫取暖的狗。
3.A 推理判断题。【解析】根据倒数第二段中Serenity, on the other hand, is still looking for a family.可知另一
方面，Serenity 仍在寻找一个家庭。由此可知，小狗 Serenity 现在住在收容所里。
4.D 推理判断题。【解析】根据文章第一段 Compassion and love are concepts that are often thought to be felt by
humans only. ...We forget that the speechless beings who live here with us - animals - also have the same 32
capability.
并结合文章主要讲述了小狗 Serenity 被路人发现给五只失去父母的黑猫宝宝取暖的故事，由此判断，我们能
从这个故事中了解到动物可以像人类一样感受到同情和爱。
Passage4
I've been teaching college for many years.I've long grown used to the torn jeans,slippers,shorts in the dead
of the Maine winter,and ball caps worn backward.Still,when one of my students showed up in pajama(E 衣 ）
bottoms,I couldn't help asking,"Did you just roll out of bed?"He responded:"Five minutes ago."
I'm familiar with the school of thought that says that how students dress is unrelated,so long as they're
learning.I put it in the same category as"Grammar and spelling don't matter,so long as they're expressing
themselves".I wonder about the wisdom of blurring(模糊）the line between bed and desk.
I smile when I think back on the occassions that my parents associated with needing to look
respectable.Once,when I was 14 and my brother was 12,my father announced that he was taking us into
Manhattan(just a subway ride away)to see the play.My brother and I were excited at the hope,but were shortly
discouraged when my father directed us to put on our best clothes,including jackets and ties."But why?"I
begged,not wanting to change out of my comfortable jeans,T-shirt,and sneakers."Because,"he said,“we're going to
New York."I can still see the stars in his eyes as he said these words.
So yes,I do want my students to be comfortable.But I also want to pay my respects to those students who
believe that appearances count.
I think of the woman-a somewhat older student-I had in class a few years back.She was someone
to whom science did not come easily:She worked determinedly for respectable grades on every homework. But I
was struck by how tastefully she dressed,day after day.
Once,I said,"You always looked so nice."Immediately,she answered,"I've waited 12 years to return to
school,and I dress up to remind myself to be serious about it."
And,I might add,she seemed perfectly comfortable to me.
1.What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph? 33
A.Students care little about class attendance.
B.Students show their personality through dress.
C.Students tend to ignore their personal appearance.
D.Students make it a habit to be late for school.
2.What's the writer's attitude towards the school of thought?
A.Ambiguous. B.Supportive. C.Doubtful. D.Disapproving.
3.What can we learn about the writer's parents from Paragraph 3?
A.They considered personal appearance important.
B.They looked after their children with great care.
C.They often paid a visit to New York.
D.They preferred dressing formally on a subway.
4.Why did the older student dress tastefully every day?
A.To feel comfortable at class with others.
B.To show her serious attitude towards learning.
C.To impress others with respectable clothes.
D.To hide her embarrassment at poor homework.
【文章大意】
本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了作者在大学里教学，看到学生们对于自己上课时的穿着打扮越来越不在意。
作者则通过自己的亲身经历表明了这种态度是错误的。研究
1.C 推理判断题。【解析】第一段谈到了：作者在大学里教了很多年书，已经习惯了破旧的牛仔裤、人字拖、
缅因州隆冬时节 的短裤，还有反着戴的球帽以及学生穿着睡裤出现在作者面前。这些信息说明学生不太注
意仪容仪表。
2.D 作者态度题。【解析】第二段作者将“学生的穿着与学习无关”的想法与“语法和拼写不重要，只要它们能
表达自己的意思就行”归为一类，并且对模糊床（这里指“穿着”）和课桌（这里指“学习”）之间的界线提出34
质疑。第三段作者谈到小时候父亲对他穿着的要求；第四段作者提到希望自己的学生过得舒服，但也想对
那些认为外表很重要的学生表示敬意。同时，作者还列举自己以前的一个学生注重仪表从而让自己对她印
象很好的例子。这些说明作者对此持反对的态度。
3.A 推理判断题。【解析】根据第三段的＂I smile when I think back on the occasions that my parents associated
with needing to look respectable.”以及后面作者举出的例子可知，作者的父母对穿着体面很看重。
4.B 细节理解题。【解析】根据倒数第二段中的＂I've waited 12 years to return to school,and I dress up to remind
myself to be serious about it.”的信息可知，该女生回到学校读书很不容易，她想穿得体面一点是为了表达她
对学习 的敬重之意。
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