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秘籍 17 词义猜测题
考点归纳
词义猜测是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且
要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、
同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。
【命题趋势】
1.要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词
在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。
2.要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词
义的具体内容。
3.代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用＂逻辑关系梳理法＂、＂递向寻踪法＂理清人物及事物
之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。
【设问形式】
1. The underlined word ＂…＂ in the second(third…) paragraph refers to(means) ______.
2. By saying that ＂…＂ in the first(second…) paragraph, the author means that ______.
3. In paragraph …, ＂…＂ can be replaced by ＂______＂.
4. The meaning of ＂…＂ in paragraph… is related to ______.
5. Which of the following has the closest meaning to…(paragraph…)?
6. The underlined sentence in the … paragraph probably means that _____.
对此类试题，考生应该进行大胆猜测，但这种猜测不是胡乱的，盲目的，而是有一定的方法和技巧。
下面介绍几种常见的猜测词义的方法供同学们加以运用。2
一 、相似法：
利用同义词、近义词（词组）或相似的结构猜测词义。在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同
义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词 and 或
or，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且 and 或 or 连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由
此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。
典型剖析
…Fermat’s Last Theorem（定理）, first put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the
seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman
scientists who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be
able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique. …
65. Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text?
A. To encourage people to raise questions.
B. To cause difficulty in understanding.
C. To provide a person with an explanation.
D. To limit people’s imagination.
【答案】B
【解析】由句中不难看出 Fermat 的定理使得最具有数学头脑的科学家绞尽脑汁（beat），并且在句中 beaten
和 baffled 处于同等的并列关系，根据这一信息可以推出 baffle 表示“使困惑、难倒、难以理解”的意思。
二、对比法：
利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。在对比
中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。利用反义词来说明生词的意
义，如反义词 hot and cold, perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词
之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。3
表示对比的信号词有 yet, but, while, though, however, otherwise, on the one hand...on the other hand, for one
thing...for another thing, instead of 等。
典型剖析
…A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle ; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an
Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months. …
74.What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean?
A. A party designed by specialists.
B. A plan requiring careful thought.
C. A situation causing difficulty or trouble.
D. A demand made by guests.
【答案】C
【解析】根据前句的否定 doesn’t 与后句的肯定 can be 这一对比关系，可以判断出，为了庆祝孩子的生日，
又不至于麻烦，可以买一个生日开心包。Hassle 的意思应该与 fun 相反，而与 difficulty, trouble 相近。答案
为 C。
三、释义法：
有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。
释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加
以解释说明的方式。
常见的词有：mean, that is, in other words, for example, for instance, such as...
典型剖析
(2019 新课标卷 II，B)I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around 4
stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the
heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team
that his kids aren’t even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up,“Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.”
25. What does the underlined phrase“tug at the heartstrings”in paragraph 2 mean ?
A. Encourage team work.
B. Appeal to feeling.
C. Promote good deeds
D. Provide advice.
【答案】B
【解析】根据划线前句 she may just need a little persuading.和下面的一句话 I mention the single parent with four
kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on ...可知，作者为了劝服
这位家长，举了两个例子。故可知，划线句此处应是“煽情”之意。故选 B。
四、语境推断法：
任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。利用上
下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年
来高考考查的热点。
1．根据对比关系猜测词义
在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词
义。表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 等。表示对
比关系的句子结构：while 引导的并列句。
例如：
But he’s, nervous.“I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a.
pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher ,Thomas Whaley ,is next to him,
whispering support.“…Vote for …me …”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he 5
brings his speech to a nice conclusion ,Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Improper pauses. B. Bad manners. C. Spelling mistakes. D. Silly jokes.
根据第二段 “I’m here to tell you today why you should…should…” Chris trips on the “-ld”, a pronunciation
difficulty for many non-native English speakers. 以及后文 except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly
well 可知, Chris 发 ld 比较困难，这对于英语不是母语 学习者来说都是一个困难，总体来说 Chris 做得出
奇的好。根据前文可知，ld 发音不准，因此有些结巴，停顿得不准，故选 A。
2．根据比较关系猜测词义
同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：similarly, like, just
as, also, as well as 等。
例如：Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
该句中副词 similarly 表明短语 loves to talk 和 loquacious 之间的比较关系，其意义相近。由此我们可推
断出 loquacious 的意思是＂健谈的＂。
3．根据因果关系猜测词义
在句子或段落中，若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。
例如：I feel that since you are my superior , it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .
The word ＂presumptuous＂ in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to ＂__________ ＂.
A．full of respect
B．too confident and rude
C．lacking in experience
D．too shy and quiet
根据 since 引导的原因状语从句的内容（＂既然你是我的上司＂），我们可以推断这里 presumptuous 的6
意思是：＂冒失的，放肆的＂意思，后半句的意思是：我告诉你怎么做会是一种放肆/冒失的行为。对应的
理解题答案为：B。
Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves.
根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以判断 Pruning 的意思是：＂修剪（树枝等）＂的意思。
4．根据同义、近义、并列、替代、说明等关系猜测词义
在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表示的关系推断生词词义。
例如：William Shakespeare said. ＂The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线），good and ill together.＂
The underlined word ＂mingled＂ in the last paragraph most probably means .
A．simple B．mixed C．sad D．happy
句中 good and ill together 更具体地说明了 a mingled yarn 的意义，据此我们不难推测 mingled 的意思
是：＂混合的，交织的＂，答案是：B。
Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs ? The answer is ＂yes＂, according to the researchers
at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers.
根据 and three other medical centers 这种并列关系，我们很容易推断出：Johns Hopkins 是一家医疗中心。
典型剖析
（2017·新课标卷 I）…
To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to
make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the
hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and
out — the side of the hole.
33. What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The tube. B. The still.7
C. The hole. D. The cup.
【答案】B
【解析】根据 Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity 可知最好在潮湿的
地方挖洞，以提高接水器的工作效率。“接水器”指的是在潮湿的地方挖洞，在洞的底部放一个杯子，杯子
上方用膜覆盖，整个装置构成接水器，而不是某个部分。这一题很容易错选 D，但是就算在干燥的地方挖
洞，杯子也可以接水，杯子接水的事实并不会因为周围环境的变化而变化，杯子的工作效率是不变的。故
选 B。
五、构词推断法：
阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：
unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成 un, fore, see , able；其中 see 是词根，fore 是“先，前，预”
的含义，un 是否定，able 是“能……的，可……的”，因此 unforeseeable 是“未能预见到的”意思。
1．根据前缀猜测词义
例如：Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?
根据词根 educational （教育的），结合前缀 co-（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出 co-educational 的意思
是：＂男女同校教育的＂意思。
2．根据后缀猜测词义
例如：It's a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing
village on England's most southerly point．
后缀 -ise/ize 意思是＂使成为…；使…化＂，结合词根 commercial（商业的），不难猜出 uncommercialized
的意思是：＂未被商业化的＂。
3．根据复合词的各部分猜测词义
例如：Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well-designed tools and equipment
will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（别扭的）hand positions.8
Well-designed 或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推测出其含义。它由 well （好，优秀）
和 design （设计）两部分组成，合在一起便是＂设计精巧的＂意思。
We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor. Because of this,
most people that craft (手艺) no longer exists.
根据合成词中的 mass （大量的）和 produce （生产），我们可以推测 mass-produce 的意思是：＂大批量
生产；规模生产＂的意思。
典型剖析
…Baker concludes that people do not have the ability to sense when they’re being stared at. If people doubt
the outcome of his two experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see for
themselves.” …
70. The underlined word “outcome” in the last paragraph most probably means _____.
A. value B. result
C. performance D. connection
【答案】B
【解析】运用“构词法”进行猜测。动词词组 come out 的意义为“露出、出现、显露出”。再根据句子的语境，
可猜测出其意义是：(实验的)结果。
锦囊妙计
在词义猜测题中，有些词汇并非生词，只需要根据上下文去推测它应在文章中的具体含义，或找出其
指代对象。做这类题，应仔细阅读出现该词的上下文，文章中往往会对这类词或短语进行重复解释或概括
归纳。因此答案往往可从文章中找出或推测出。9
【第一招】利用上下文语境线索
任何一篇文中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供
的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考
查的热点。
【第二招】利用定义和解释性线索
阅读文中的有些生词尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的生词，往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语
或句子，如 to be, that is, mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean, in other words 等，有时也以同位语、定语
从句的形式出现，或用破折号、括弧来表示。留心阅读就可以断定它们的意思。
【第三招】根据逻辑关系进行判断。英语中句与句之间在语意上往往存在一些逻辑关系，如因果、对比、
并列、转折关系等。
因果关系的语境，通常由 because, so ,therefore, so that, so / such… that… 等连词体现。
【第四招】利用对比线索
有时文章作者为了增强表达效果，会用一对反义词揭示事物的不同点，形成鲜明的对比，这时只要把握其
中的一词，就不难推出另一词的含义，这时句中多见 unlike; although; but; yet; while; on the contrary; on the
other hand; for one thing; for another; instead of; rather than 等信息词。
【第五招】利用同义线索和同等关系
同义词替换可以为我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。一些常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有 or, like,
similarly 等。同等关系是指一个词、一组词或短语在句中作同一成分，而且他们的词义属一范畴。只要我们
认识其中一个或几个词或短语，即可确定同等关系中生词的词性，作用和大概意思。
【第六招】利用例证性线索
某些冷僻的词汇后会举一个例子，使词汇具体易懂。such as, like, for example, for instance 等连接性词语往往
用来列举说明前面较难理解的名词。
【第七招】根据构词法10
阅读中常会遇到一些由所熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词，可利用构词法知识来推测其意思。《教学大纲》
已经明确地将构词法列在语法附表中，因此利用所学构词法生成的词不应被认定为生词。
【第八招】注意熟词生义
英语中大量的词汇具有多义性，其含义并非完全等同于词典所标注的汉语意思，具体的词义需要在一定的
上下文中体现出来。阅读理解中的熟悉词生义比生词本身的障碍要大得多。。
【第九招】根据常识或经验猜测词义
在阅读中碰到生词时，我们有时可以运用逻辑推理能力、自身的生活经验及生活常识去推断生词的含义。
当然也要结合语境。
【第十招】
根据词性转化，猜测它在语境中的词义。
Passage 1
When I was ten years old, I went to the USA to visit some family friends. We travelled around
California—Los Angeles, San Francisco and Las Vegas. I noticed something funny about the way everyone spoke
English. I remember thinking, "This is the way they speak in films!" The only times I had really heard an American
accent before were when I watched films such as Mean Girls and Freaky Friday. Most of the films I watched when
I was a child were American.
One moment I remember very clearly was at the beginning of the holiday, when my friend asked me if I
wanted to order ‘French fries’. I couldn't imagine what French fries were. What was fried and French? Snails?
Cheese? She was amazed that I had never tried them and she ordered a portion for us to share. When the waiter
brought us some chips, I asked her where the French fries were. She pointed to the plate of chips! Later that week
she said she was going to buy some ‘chips’ from the supermarket. She came out with a packet of crisps! I was very
confused.
During that holiday we were also offered ‘biscuits and gravy’ with our lunch. This was a very strange idea to
me, because in England biscuits are sweet. Gravy is a salty, meat-based sauce. I later realized that ‘biscuits’ in
America are salty snacks. What we call ‘biscuits’, they call ‘cookies’.11
I was also embarrassed when a stranger told me she liked my ‘pants’. I remember thinking, “How can she see
my underwear?” My mum then told me that they call ‘pants’ what we call ‘trousers’, the outer clothing that you
wear on your legs!
I was disgusted when I saw an ‘eggplant’ pizza on the menu in a restaurant. Eggs do not grow on plants, I
thought. What on earth could an ‘egg plant’ be? Something eggy and leafy? My dad ordered this pizza and it was
covered in aubergines. I asked him where the “egg plant” was. He laughed and pointed to the aubergines. “They
call this ‘eggplant’ in America!” he told me.
Although the same ‘language’ may be spoken in different countries, there are likely to be many differences,
not just in vocabulary but also in spelling, grammar and pronunciation! I think part of the excitement of learning a
language is learning about the differences that exist in how it is spoken in different places.
1. What did the writer think funny in the first paragraph?
A. English films. B. American English
C. American customs. D. British English.
2. We can infer that the writer comes from .
A. the UK B. Australia
C. France D. the USA
3. The underlined word “disgusted” probably means .
A. exhausted B. annoyed
C. confused D. interested
4. Which group words are both used in California?
A. Chips; Biscuits B. Eggplant; Underwear
C. Pants; Cookies D. French fries; Trousers
【文章大意】12
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作为英国人的作者在十岁时去美国游玩的经历，在游玩期间，作者在美国
经历了英式英语和美式英语在词汇、拼写、语法和发音上的不同。
1.B 细节理解题。【解析】由第一段中的“I noticed something funny about the way everyone spoke English. I
remember thinking, "This is the way they speak in films!" The only times I had really heard an American accent
before were when I watched films such as Mean Girls and Freaky Friday.”可知，作者认为美式英语很有趣。故
选 B 项。
2.A 推理判断题。【解析】由第三段中的“This was a very strange idea to me, because in England biscuits are sweet.
What we call ‘biscuits’, they call ‘cookies’.”可以推断出作者来自英国。故选 A 项。
3.C 词义猜测题。【解析】由倒数第二段中的“I was disgusted when I saw an ‘eggplant’ pizza on the menu in a
restaurant. Eggs do not grow on plants, I thought. What on earth could an ‘egg plant’ be? Something eggy and
leafy?”可知，作者后文连续对“eggplant”发问，表明作者对“eggplant”很困惑，此处的 disgusted 意为“困惑
的”。故选 C 项。
4.C 细节理解题。【解析】作者是英国人，由第三段中的“I later realized that ‘biscuits’ in America are salty
snacks. What we call ‘biscuits’, they call ‘cookies’.”和第四段中的“My mum then told me that they call ‘pants’
what we call ‘trousers’, the outer clothing that you wear on your legs!”可知 cookies 和 pants 是美式英语，这两个
单词会在 California 用。故选 C 项。
Passage 2
I once was a follower of cancel culture, enough for it still influences the media I consume today. I don’t listen
to my former favorite bands like Pinegrove and Summer Salt anymore and I refuse to watch anything with Louis
C.K, and I always look up which Franco brother was accused every time I go to watch something with one of them
in it.
These were easy people to “cancel”, because I didn’t have much attachment to them and I could find
replacements. But what happens when someone close with you has done something “cancel-worthy”? Something
that you would cancel anyone else for, if you had more distance between you?
This dilemma presents two choices.13
In the first choice, you could continue your relationship with the “cancelled” person, and live with the guilt.
You know they did something that you wouldn’t typically forgive, but you’ve decided to give them a “get out of
jail free” card. You continue to be friends with this person, but always feel uneasy because you know somewhere
inside that your friend did something bad.
Or there’s option number two: You could completely cut off the person who you once called a friend. You
abandon a relationship that you had worked so hard to develop, and you decide to ignore that person. Eventually,
you become complete strangers with someone you were once so close with.
No matter what choice you make, you will face significant consequences. This isn’t a black or white issue.
This is just one example of the challenges of life that doesn’t have a clear answer. The truth is, this is a lose-lose
situation and you’re the loser. You can continue to trust someone who did something bad and live with the guilt.
Or, you can stop speaking to them, but still deal with the fact that you once trusted someone who did a very bad
thing, and that you had let them into your life. Either way, you end up losing something you didn’t want to.
1. What does the underlined word “them” refer to?
A. Franco brothers. B. Louis C.K and Franco.
C. Franco’s movies. D. Pinegrove and Summer Salt.
2. Why does the author stop listening to his favorite bands?
A. He has found better replacements. B. He is no longer attached to them.
C. They did something he can’t forgive. D. They don’t release good works anymore.
3. How would you feel when you keep your relationship with a “cancelled” person?
A. Relaxed. B. Guilty.
C. Awkward. D. Refreshed.
4. What does the underlined sentence mean in Paragraph 4?
A. You don’t care what they did at all.14
B. You continue your relationship with them.
C. You hope they could be set free from the prison.
D. You don’t think they should receive a punishment.
【文章大意】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在“抵制文化”中，一个人做了不被原谅的事后，人们的两种做法，一个是继续
跟其做朋友；另一个是与其断交。作者指出，不管哪种做法都有相应的后果，这不是非黑即白的问题。
1.A 词义猜测题。【解析】由第一段“I always look up which Franco brother was accused every time I go to watch
something with one of them in it.”判断，them 指代的是前文提到的 Franco brothers。
2.C 推理判断题。【解析】根据第五段“Or there’s option number two: You could completely cut off the person who
you once called a friend.”与第四段中 You know they did something that you wouldn’t typically forgive”同时根据
第一段“I once was a follower of cancel culture, enough for it still influences the media I consume today. ”可知，作
者不再听他喜欢的乐队是因为他们做了作者不能原谅的事情。
3.B 细节理解题。【解析】根据第四段“you could continue your relationship with the “cancelled” person, and live
with the guilt.”可知当你和被抵制的人做朋友时，你会感到内疚（guilty）。
4.B 词句猜测题。【解析】根据根据第四段“You continue to be friends with this person, but always feel uneasy
because you know somewhere inside that your friend did something bad.”可知，你继续和这个人做朋友，但总感
到不舒服，因为你的内心知道你的朋友做了不好的事情。由此可以推测出，you’ve decided to give them a “get
out of jail free” card 是指继续跟他们做朋友。故选 B。
Passage3
In the land of the Sagas, it isn’t Christmas if there isn’t a flood of books under the tree- literally.
The Jolabokaflod, or Christmas Book Flood, is a much-loved tradition that has been celebrated in Iceland
since 1945. It’s a bit like Britain’s Super Thursday, when hundreds of hardbacks hit the shelves on the first
Thursday of October, but much bigger: Two-thirds of books in Iceland are published in November and December.
Hundreds of new titles go on sale in bookshops and supermarkets at reduced prices, a Yuletided(圣诞季) custom 15
that has also become vital for the publishing industry’s survival.
On Christmas Eve, Icelanders traditionally exchange books and spend the evening reading books-perhaps
curling up by the fireside with the latest crime novel by Arnaldur Indridason. Almost seven out of 10 Icelanders
buy at least one book as a Christmas gift, according to the Icelandic Publishers Association.
“Literature is very important in Iceland and it is, I guess, the art form that is something the whole public can
relate to,” said Sigrun Hrolfsdottir, an artist and mother of two children. Her daughter and son have already picked
the books they want out of the Bokatidindi, an 80-page catalog of novels, poetry and children’s books distributed
free to all households.
Iceland’s literary tradition was born about 900 years ago with the Icelandic Sagas, widely seen as a gem in
world literature and still studied in school by Icelandic children today. The Jolabokaflod started during World War
II, when paper was one of the few things not rationed in Iceland. Because of this, Icelanders gave books as gifts
while other commodities in short supply, turning them into a country of bookaholics to this day, according to
jolabokafiod.org. In fact, a 2013 study conducted at Bifrost University found that 50 percent of Icelanders read
more than eight books a year and 93 percent read at least one.
1. How do Icelandic people celebrate Christmas each year?
A. Giving books as gifts and reading.
B. Purchasing smaller gifts for children.
C. Holding large family parties on Christmas Eve.
D. Composing stories for family members.
2. Why does the author give the example of Sigrun Hrolfsdotti?
A. To advertise Christmas Book Flood.
B. To tell us how clever her two children are.
C. To publicize the grand Christmas occasion in Iceland.
D. To show the importance of reading in Icelandic culture.16
3. What does the underlined word“gem”in the last paragraph most probably mean?
A. A fine tradition. B. The best work.
C. A great event. D. An important subject.
4. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A. The history of Iceland. B. The origin of the Jolabokaflod.
C. The activities on Christmas Eve. D. The impact of the Jolabokaflod.
【文章大意】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了冰岛人通过赠送书籍和阅读来庆祝每年的圣诞节。冰岛三分之二的书都是在 11
月和 12 月出版的，数以百计的新书在书店和超市降价出售，这一圣诞节习俗对出版业的生存也至关重要。
文章介绍了这一传统的重要性以及起源。
A 细节理解题。【解析】根据第三段可知，冰岛人通过赠送书籍和阅读来庆祝每年的圣诞节。
D 推理判断题。【解析】根据第四段中“Literature is very important in Iceland and it is, I guess, the art form that is
something the whole public can relate to,” said Sigrun Hrolfsdottir, an artist and mother of two children.可知，作者
给出了 Sigrun Hrolfsdotti 的例子是为了展示阅读在冰岛文化中的重要性。
B 词义猜测题。【解析】根据后文still studied in school by Icelandic children today 可知，冰岛的文学传统被广
泛视为世界文学的最好的作品，至今仍被冰岛儿童在学校里学习。判断，划线单词意思为“最好的作品”。
B 主旨大意题。【解析】根据最后一段中The Jolabokaflod started during World War II, when paper was one of
the few things not rationed in Iceland.可知 Jolabokaflod 开始于第二次世界大战期间，当时纸张是冰岛少数不定
量供应的东西之一。结合后文介绍了因为纸张稀少的原因，冰岛人在其他商品供应不足的时候把书作为礼
物送给别人，这让他们变成了一个图书狂的国家，由此可知，最后一段主要讲了 Jolabokaflod 的起源。
Passage4
When you think of the Himalayas,you may picture tall,rocky,snow-covered peaks.But that's not true.
The subnival(亚冰雪的）region is the zone between the treeline and the snowline.It is 5 to 15 times as
large as the areas of glaciers(冰川）and permanent snow,which means studying it is vital to understanding the 17
Himalayas as a whole.
The treeline is the edge of an ecosystem where trees are able to grow,and beyond the treeline environmental
conditions become too tough to allow tree growth.Meanwhile,snowlines are the boundaries on mountains that
separate areas with permanent snow(where snow is present for the majority of the year)from areas with seasonal or
no snow.
Researchers used satellite data from 1993 to 2018 to measure plant cover between 4,150 meters and 6,000
meters above sea level.The scientists discovered that the greatest increase in plant cover was between an altitude of
5,000 meters and 5,500 meters.Subnival plants mostly include small shrubs and grasses.
Even areas once completely occupied by glaciers now hold rocks covered with mosses(苔藓），lichen（地衣），
and sometimes even flowers.In addition,the snowline seems to be retreating,while the treeline is expanding.This
shows that the region is becoming warmer,causing more melting of snow and allowing vegetation to move up in
height.
In the past 40 years,25%of all Himalayan ice has been lost due to global warming.Himalayan
glaciers are reducing by about 0.5 meters each year.The rate of glacier melting has doubled in this decade. The
melting of glaciers increases water in the region,making it wetter.Receding snow also forces the snowline to move
up,providing a greater amount of area for the warm and moist conditions,which are perfect for vegetation growth.
As of now,we do not know whether vegetation will accelerate or slow down the rate of glacier
melting.
1.How does the writer develop the third paragraph?
A.By making explanations.
B.By giving some examples.
C.By analyzing cause and effect.
D.By listing specific data.
2.What does the underlined word"retreating"mean in Paragraph 5?
A.Disappearing. 18
B.Lengthening.
C. Withdrawing.
D.Widening.
3.What is the direct effect of global warming on the Himalayas?
A.The snowline moves up.
B.Glaciers are melting faster.
C.The subnival area is wetter.
D.Plants grow much better.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.The Climate of Himalayas Is Changing.
B.Icebergs in the Himalayas Disappear.
C.Plants Are Diverse in the Himalayas.
D.Plant Life Spreads in the Himalayas.
【文章大意】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了研究人员们发现随着全球气候变化，喜马拉雅山区的植被都在增加等情况。
1.A 推 理 判 断 题 。【解 析 】 根 据 第 三 段 中 的 ＂ The treeline is the edge of an ecosystem--.with permanent
snow(where snow is present for the majority of the year) from areas with seasonal or no snow.”的信息可知，本段
主要介绍 了什么是林木线以及什么是雪线，分别对这两种不同的地区进行了解释。
2.C 词义猜测题。【解析】结合第五段划线词后面的“while the treeline is expanding”生长树木的地区正在扩大，
这里的 while 表示对比，因此说明前面的 snowline 的面积正在缩小。
3.B 推理判断题。【解析】根据第六段中的“In the past 40 years,25%of all Himalayan ice has been lost due to global
warming."和＂The rate of glacier melting has doubled in this decade.”可知，气候变暖直接导致冰川融化加快。
4.D 标题归纳题。【解析】本文主要介绍了一项研究，喜马拉雅山区的植物正在疯狂生长，不断突破雪线，
白色的冰雪高原正在逐渐变绿等情况，因此 D 符合主题。19
专家押题
Passage 1
At 24, Tiffany Calver might worry she has already peaked (达到顶峰) as a DJ. She began DJing as a hobby,
uploading mixes to her SoundCloud. Her high-energy selections soon caught the ears of the online station Radar
Radio and then Drake’ s management, leading her to land many firsts.
“I just want to express myself,” she says. “I’m not interested in copying anyone else’s work; I have to be me. I
love artists such as Kojey Radical whose lyrics (歌词) are so aware of human experiences. There are also great
examples set by artists from the older generation like Ghetts. Ghetts actually cooperated with Kojey on Black Rose,
which is all about colourism — prejudice against darker-skinned women — a huge problem in the black
community (团体).”
“It’s really exciting to see the BBC taking notice of a new generation of tastemakers in our community. I
remember a time when there was no place for younger voices. Snoochie Shy is taking on the 1Xtra rap (说唱) from
Monday to Thursday and Charlie Sloth is being replaced by two women, which is huge for one of the biggest radio
stations in the country. I think it’ll have a big effect and encourage more women to follow suit.”
“It was great to hear women such as Rico Nasty, who is aggressive, succeed last year because, even as a DJ, I
hate it when people tell me I have to ‘play something for the ladies’. There’s such a rich history of unapologetic
women in hip-hop, from Lil’ Kim to Cardi B and Nicki Minaj. Even rappers such as Noname, who might not have
as much of an aggressive sound but can talk about politics in the same song, are not afraid to show all the layers
there are to being a woman. It isn’t just soft and feminine.”
1. We learn from paragraph 2 that Kojey Radical and Ghetts ________.
A. are a new generation B. are in the same station
C. dare to express themselves D. live in the same community
2. What does Calver think of Charlie Sloth’s replacement?
A. She feels it is unbelievable. B. It is a heavy blow for many men.20
C. It allows women to change jobs. D. She holds positive attitude towards it.
3. Which of the following words can describe the women mentioned in the last paragraph?
A. Brave. B. Creative.
C. Selfless. D. Considerate.
4. What is the text mainly about?
A. The success in music. B. The new voice of rap.
C. The different trend in DJ. D. The influence of a woman.
【文章大意】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了 24 岁的 Tiffany Calver 是一名 DJ 和说唱高手。她勇于表达自我，不断
追求自我，代表了说唱的新声音。
1.C 细节理解题。【解析】根据第二段I just want to express myself,及最后一句 Ghetts actually cooperated with
Kojey on Black Rose, which is all about colourism — prejudice against darker-skinned women — a huge problem
in the black community (团体).可知，Kojey Radical 和 Ghetts 都反对对有色人种的歧视，敢于表达自己。
2.D 推理判断题。【解析】根据第三段I think it’ll have a big effect and encourage more women to follow suit.可
知，Calver 认为 Charlie Sloth 被替换将会产生巨大影响，并鼓励更多女性紧随其后。因此 Calver 持一种积极
的看法。
3.A 推理判断题。【解析】根据第四段Even rappers such as Noname, who might not have as much of an
aggressive sound but can talk about politics in the same song, are not afraid to show all the layers there are to being
a woman. It isn’t just soft and feminine.可知，最后一段提到的几个女性大胆展示作为女性的所有层次，这说
明她们都很勇敢。
4.B 主旨大意题。【解析】文中主要讲述了说唱高手Tiffany Calver 勇于表达自我，不断追求自我的个性，代
表了说唱的新声音。选项 B. The new voice of rap.(说唱乐的新声音)符合本文的主旨。故选 B。
Passage 221
Researchers in Singapore found that eating mushrooms over twice per week could help prevent memory and
language problems later in life.
According to the study, published in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, there is a unique antioxidant (抗氧化
物质) present in mushrooms that helps protect certain brain functions.
Researchers observed 663 Chinese adults aged over 60 whose diets and lifestyles were tracked from 2011 to
2017. In the study, the participants were asked how often they ate six different types of mushrooms: oyster,
shiitake, white button, dried, golden and tinned. The findings showed that eating more than two shares of
mushrooms per week somehow lowered the chances of mild cognitive impairment (MCi) by 50% against those
who ate fewer than one share.
MCI is a condition that can make people forgetful, affect their memory and cause problems with language,
attention and finding the exact position of objects in space. Changes in behavior can be not very noticeable and not
serious enough to be known as dementia (痴呆).
Participants who ate more mushrooms were found to perform better in thinking and processing exams and also
exhibited a faster processing speed. The advantage was reportedly more apparent in those who ate more than two
shares a week or more than 300 grams.
The scientists pointed out, however, that they have yet to put up a direct link between the fungi and brain
function.
The researchers also acknowledged that since this study mainly relied on self-reported information on
mushroom intake and other dietary factors (因素), further studies may be required.
Still, the lead study author Lei Feng is encouraged by their findings.
“This correlation is surprising and encouraging,” Lei said.
Mushrooms are one of the richest dietary sources of ergothioneine — a matter which humans can’t make on
our own.
1. What are the findings in paragraph 3 about?22
A. Diets and lifestyles. B. The percent of MCI.
C. The types of mushrooms. D. The benefit of eating mushrooms.
2. What can we know about MCI?
A. It can strengthen memory. B. It can result in language problems.
C. It can make people get lost. D. It can lessen the chance of forgetfulness.
3. What is the result if students often eat more mushrooms?
A. They will take the exams much more easily
B. Their academic performance improves greatly
C. Their thinking ability is better than the majority
D. They will love communicating with others.
4. Where does the text most probably appear?
A. Scientific fiction. B. An advertisement.
C. A science report. D. Adult literature.
【文章大意】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了最新研究得出的结论：多吃蘑菇对人的记忆和语言功能等方面有好处。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第三段中的 The findings showed that eating more than two shares of mushrooms per week
somehow lowered the chances of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by 50% against those who ate fewer than one
share.可知，第三段主要介绍了吃蘑菇的好处的研究发现。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中 MCI is a condition that can make people forgetful，affect their memory and
cause problems with language, attention and finding the exact position of objects in space.可知，MCI 会造成语言
问题。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第五段中的 Participants who ate more mushrooms were found to perform better in thinking
的23
and processing exams and also exhibited a faster processing speed.可知，如果学生多吃蘑菇，他们能够从容应对
考试。
4.C 推理判断题。文章主要介绍了经常吃蘑菇的好处，即预防老年记忆力与语言问题，并阐述了其相关细节，
由此可推断，本文最有可能出现在科学报道中。
Passage3
Teenagers are often a difficult group.With all those hormones(荷尔蒙)flooding in their bodies，they can be
moody，unpredictable，and tend to make uncertain choices.But however confusing their teenage years are，kids can
still be generally happy，depending on their lifestyle choices.According to a new research by British scientists，
teens who don't smoke，drink only moderately(适度地） or not at all，and who don't eat much junk food are likely
to be happier than other teens.
The study looked at 40,000 British families and came up with some interesting findings.For example，kids
who never drank alcohol were up to six times more likely to report higher levels of happiness than kids who
drank.And teens who smoked were five times less likely to rate high on happiness charts compared to kids who
didn't smoke.The same goes for diet and physical activities.The more fruits and vegetables kids eat，and the more
hours they spend playing sports，the happier they are.
Now，of course this doesn't mean that not smoking or drinking，and playing sports can guarantee happiness.It
could be that kids who have happy character tend to be more active and less addicted to drinking or smoking.And it
could equally be the case that kids who are unhappy are more related to drinking，smoking and eating junk food.
Other studies have shown that exercise is a proven way to treat anxiety and depression. Future studies may
support the idea that other healthy behaviors，including refraining(克制)from smoking，drinking，and eating too
much junk food，can avoid sadness and increase happiness，too.
1. The author develops the second paragraph mainly by ________.
A. making comparisons B. providing statistics
C. offering examples D. analyzing causes
2. What can we learn from the text？24
A. Not smoking or drinking guarantees happiness.
B. Teens with flooding hormones cannot be happy.
C. Playing sports can decrease teens' unhappiness.
D. Unhappiness can certainly lead to smoking and drinking.
3. Which can be the best title for the text？
A. Ways to treat anxiety and depression
B. Exercise and teenagers' health
C. Teenagers shouldn't drink or smoke
D. Teenagers' lifestyle and their happiness
【文章大意】
本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了青少年的生活方式及其对他们的快乐的影响。
1.A 推理判断题。根据第二段内容，尤其“kids who never drank alcohol were up to six times more likely to report
higher levels of happiness than kids who drank. And teens who smoked were five times less likely to rate high on
happiness charts compared to kids who didn’t smoke.”可知，作者用作比较的方式展开第二段的。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句中的“the more hours they spend playing sports, the happier they are”可知，
青少年做运动越多就越快乐。由此可推知，运动可以减少青少年的不快乐。
3.D 主旨大意题。纵观全文，尤其根据第一段第二句“But however confusing their teenage years are，kids can still
be generally happy，depending on their lifestyle choices.”可知，本文主要介绍了青少年的生活方式及其对他们
的快乐的影响。由此可知，D 项“青少年的生活方式与幸福感”概括了本文的核心内容，适合做标题。
Passage4
Since the Second World War, there has been an obvious trend, especially among the growing group of college
students, toward early marriage. Many youths begin dating in the first stages of adolescence, ''go steady'' through
high school, and marry before their formal education has been completed. In some quarters, there is much shaking 25
of graying heads over the ways of rebellious youth. However, emotional maturity does not grow with age; it does
not arrive automatically at twenty-one or twenty-five. Some achieve it surprisingly early, while others never do,
even in three-score years and ten.
Many students are marrying as an escape, not only from an unsatisfying home life, but also from their own
personal problems of isolation and loneliness. However, any marriage entered into as an escape cannot prove
entirely successful. The sad fact is that marriage seldom solves one's problems; more often, it merely worsens them.
Furthermore, it is doubtful whether the home is capable of carrying all that the young are seeking to put into it; one
might say that they are abandoning one idol only to worship another. Young people correctly understand that their
parents are wrong in believing that success is the ultimate good, but they themselves are wrong in believing that
they have found the true center of life's meaning. Their expectations of marriage are essentially unrealistic and
therefore incapable of fulfillment. They want too much, and tragic disillusionment (幻想破灭) is often bound to
follow.
Shall we, then, join the chorus of those against early marriages? One cannot generalize: all early marriages are
not bad any more than all later ones are good. Satisfactory marriages are determined not by how old one is, but by
the emotional maturity of the partners. Therefore, each case must be judged on its own merits. If the early marriage
is not an escape, if it is entered into with relatively few illusions or false expectations, and if it is economically
practicable, why not? Good marriages can be made from sixteen to sixty, and so can bad ones.
1. From Para. 1 we can learn that .
A. emotional maturity automatically grow with age
B. some old people disapprove of early marriage
C. growing group of college students are against early marriage
D. the emotional expectations of young lovers are too high
2. The author's attitude to marriage as an escape is .
A. negative B. unsure
C. indifferent D. acceptable26
3. It can be implied from the last paragraph that .
A. early marriages should not be encouraged
B. later marriages are always better than early marriages
C. each marriage should be looked at differently
D. young people can benefit a lot from early marriage
4. What's the best title of the passage?
A. Disillusionment in Marriage B. Expectations for Marriage
C. Marriages and Emotional Maturity D. The Trend of Early Marriages
【文章大意】
这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了二战后，人们结婚年龄普遍偏小的现象，以及这一现象引起的问题。作
者认为成功的婚姻取决于心理的成熟。
1.B 细节理解题。 【解析】根据第一段的 In some quarters, there is much shaking of graying heads over the ways
of rebellious youth.可知，有的老人不赞成早结婚。故选 B 项。
2.A 推理判断题。 【解析】根据第二段的Many students are marrying as an escape, not only from an unsatisfying
home life, but also from their own personal problems of isolation and loneliness. However, any marriage entered
into as an escape cannot prove entirely successful. 可推测，作者反对把婚姻当成逃避方法。A. negative(反对的)
符合以上推测，故选 A 项。
3.C 推理判断题。 【解析】根据最后一段的One cannot generalize: all early marriages are not bad any more than
all later ones are good.与 Therefore, each case must be judged on its own merits.可推测，每一种婚姻都应该被区
别对待。 故选 C 项。
4.C 主旨大意题。 【解析】根据文章的主要内容，尤其是最后一段的Satisfactory marriages are determined not
by how old one is, but by the emotional maturity of the partners。可知，本文由二战后结婚年龄普遍偏小的现象，
提出满意的婚姻和年龄无关，但和双方的感情成熟度有关。故选 C 项。
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