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高中英语语法基础
高中英语语法基础---句子成分
句子成分
句子由句子成分组成。句子成分主要分为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
一.主语 Subject
主语是一个句子所要说明的人和物,是句子的主体。它一般位于句首,可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、
不定式、动名词以及主语从句等来充当。
请划出句子主语，并判断是什么成分做主语。
Knowledge is power.
She is a small eater.
Three will be enough for us.
The injured _____ (send) to hospital at once when the accident happened .
To see ___ to believe.
_____ (read) books is my hobby.
_______ (我们所需要的东西) is your help.
改错
1. Visit a museum excites teenagers.
2. Disabled should be respected.
3. Our school has taken place great changes(不规则改错).
二、谓语 Predicate
谓语是用来说明主语的动作、状态或特征,一般放在主语之后。谓语有以下几种基本情况
1.由一个动词或动词词组构成,无论这个动词是何种时态、语态和语气。
Everything ____ (go) smoothly last month.
Thousands of trees _______(plant) every year.
They ______(finish) the work so far.
They _________(swim) in the river now.
2.情态动词+动词
We must study English hard.
Water can be dangerous.
You can’t park here- it's a no parking area.
That can’t be Tom-he is studying abroad.
May I come in?
I may go with you, but I'm not sure
She cried her eyes out. Something terrible must _____(happen).
The experiment can _________ (complete) on time.
3.连系动词+表语,说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份
系动词的数量是有限的,常见的只有十来个,我们把它们分成四组,这样有助于我们记忆系动词。
(1)be 动词类:am, is, are, was, were
(2)表示变化类: become, get, turn, grow, go
(3)感官动词类:look, sound, smell, taste, feel
(4)表示延续性的动词: remain, stay, keep
改错
We are student.
It sound beautiful.
The cloth feels smoothly.2
The leaves turn into red in autumn.
填词
1.The noise ____ (grow) louder when I was prepared for sleep.
2. A concert ________ to celebrate May Day next week.(hold)
3. Several years ago a new gym ________for visitors to take exercise.(build)
4. The students ________how to learn English well since they entered the new school (tell)
5. He_________(会游泳) when he was five years old.
6. In a plane, all passengers _________(必须穿) seat belts.
7. It can be cold in the mountain in winter.(be)
8. She may accept the invitation, but she hasn't made up her mind.
9. It _________(不可能) a comfortable trip with so many people in such a small car.
10. He looks sad and he ________（肯定被告知）the death of his grandma.
11. What you said ____________________(听起来很有趣).
12. What he suggested____________________ (听起来是个好主意).
13. The food in my hometown____________________(尝起来很美味).
14. The athlete on the start____________________(看起来很紧张).
15. It was a hot summer afternoon. The milk____________________(变馊了).
三.宾语 Object
宾语是谓语动词所表示的动作所及的对象,一般位于谓语之后。宾语有以下几种
1.直接宾语
直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象。可以作直接宾语的有名词、代词、数词、动名词短
语、不定式短语、名词化的形容词和从句.
翻译：1.纸很容易着火。(catch fire)
2.你在哪买的那个？
3.我们应该帮助穷人.
4.他最后决定听取我的建议。（decide，take one’s advice）
5.请停止发出噪音。（make noise）
6.你明白我意思是什么没？
2.双宾语
1.舅舅送了我一件很好的礼物。
2.他的外公给他做了一个风筝。
3.复合宾语
划出宾语和宾语补足语，什么做宾补？
The war made him a soldier. ( ________)
New machines make the job easy. ( ________)
They treated her as a child. ( ________)
Please help me to put these books in order. ( ________)
I saw a stranger waving to me. ( ________)
You should get the work done by tomorrow. ( ________)
Note:有时在 make, think, find ,feel, consider 后用 it 充当形式宾语,后接形容词或名词作宾语补足语,再后接充当
真正宾语的从句、不定式.
They think it important to learn English well.
We felt it a pity that he didn't show up at the meeting.3
Exercise 6: Translate the Chinese into English.
1.I ______________________ when I entered it.(看见她正在打扫房间)
2. She was dreaming a day dream when she______________________(听见自己的名字被叫)
3. To her surprise, she______________________(发现自己来到了一个不同的世界)
4. People around the world______________________(认为微笑是友好的表示)
5. The students______________________(觉得平衡学习和生活是重要的)
6. At first I ______________________(觉得理解他是困难的)
四、定语 Attributive
修饰名词、代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
1.前置定语
如果定语是单个词,通常放在被修饰词的前面。可以作前置定语的有形容词、名词
名词所有格、代词、数词、现在分词及过去分词等。
划出定语部分，判断什么充当定语。
The little boy needs a blue pen. ( ________)
The boy needs a ball pen. ( ________)
This is Tom' s father. ( ________)
Open your mouth. ( ________)
Two boys need two pens. ( ________)
China is a developing country. ( ________)
The ground is covered with fallen leaves. ( ________)
2.后置定语
如果被修饰词是不定代词或作定语的是短语或从句,定语常放在被修饰词的后面可以充当后置定语的有形容词、
副词、介词短语、不定式短语、现在分词短语、过去分词短语及定语从句等。
I have something important to tell you. ( ________)
The buildings around were badly damaged. ( ________)
The book on the desk is mine. ( ________)
The boy to write this letter needs a pen. ( ________)
The man visiting your school is our headmaster. ( ________)
The problem solved yesterday was very important. ( ________)
He lost his new pen that was bought last week. ( ________)
Exercise7:翻译
1. The man is a tennis player.
那个外向的男人是一个在网球爱好者中很受欢迎的网球选手。
______________________________________________________
2. The book is well received among the students。
那本封面是黑色和白色的书在对体育有兴趣的学生中很受欢迎。
_______________________________________________________
五、状语 Adverbial
状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词等。修饰动词的状语常放在动词之后。如:
Listen carefully!
(但 often, usually, always, still, never, also, already, certainly, even, almost, quite 等副词作状语时,要放在行为动词
之前。如:4
He usually goes fishing on weekends.
She seldom talks about her family in the dormitory.
修饰形容词的状语常放在它所修饰的词之前。如:
If you say you are really sorry, I'll forgive you.
充当状语的可以是副词、短语及状语从句等,用于说明时间、地点、方式、程度、原因
目的结果、条件、让步及伴随情况等。如
The warm- hearted boy is well thought of by his classmates.(副词,表程度)
People lined up for buses and got on them in an orderly way.(介词短语,表方式)
The doctors did everything they could to save the boy's life.(不定式短语,表目的)
I don' t like to sit here doing nothing.(现在分词,表伴随)
Moved by their speech, we were at a loss what to say.(过去分词,表原因)
Come whenever you like.(状语从句,表时间)
Exercise 9 :请将下列句子翻译成中文,并在状语下画线。
1.On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom.
2. we're going to spend the holiday on the beach.
3. Please make a sentence using this phrase.
4. The boy needs a pen very much.
5. John was late because of the heavy snow.
6. The doctors tried their best to save the patient.
7. We'll have a picnic if it is fine tomorrow.
8. Although he is young, he knows a lot.
9. His parents lost their lives in the accident, leaving him homeless.
10. He sat there, reading a magazine.5
高中英语语法基础 句子成分 参考答案
句子成分
句子由句子成分组成。句子成分主要分为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
一.主语 Subject
主语是一个句子所要说明的人和物,是句子的主体。它一般位于句首,可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、
不定式、动名词以及主语从句等来充当。
请划出句子主语，并判断是什么成分做主语。
Knowledge is power.
She is a small eater.
Three will be enough for us.
The injured __were sent___ (send) to hospital at once when the accident happened .
The+形容词作主语谓语动词用复数
To see __is_ to believe.
___Reading__ (read) books is my hobby.
___what we need____ (我们所需要的东西) is your help.
改错
1. Visit a museum excites teenagers. Visit---- Visiting
2. Disabled should be respected. Disabled 前加 The
3. Our school has taken place great changes.
本句应该更改为 Great changes have taken place in our school.
二、谓语 Predicate
谓语是用来说明主语的动作、状态或特征,一般放在主语之后。谓语有以下几种基本情况
1.由一个动词或动词词组构成,无论这个动词是何种时态、语态和语气。
Everything ___went_ (go) smoothly last month.
Thousands of trees ____are planted___(plant) every year.
They ___have finished___(finish) the work so far.
They ______are swimming___(swim) in the river now.
2.情态动词+动词
We must study English hard.
Water can be dangerous. (可能，理论上的可能性)
You can’t park here- it's a no parking area.
That can’t be Tom-he is studying abroad.
May I come in?
I may go with you, but I'm not sure
She cried her eyes out. Something terrible must ___have happened__(happen).
Must have done 是对过去所做事情的肯定推测，表示过去肯定做过某事，它的否定形式（过去肯定没有做某
事）can’t have done /couldn’t have done
The experiment can ____be completed_____ (complete) on time.
3.连系动词+表语,说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份6
系动词的数量是有限的,常见的只有十来个,我们把它们分成四组,这样有助于我们记忆系动词。
(1)be 动词类:am, is, are, was, were
(2)表示变化类: become, get, turn, grow, go
(3)感官动词类:look, sound, smell, taste, feel
(4)表示延续性的动词: remain, stay, keep
改错
We are student. Student----students
It sound beautiful. Sound--------sounds
The cloth feels smoothly. Smoothly---------smooth
The leaves turn into red in autumn. Into 去掉 此处直接用 turn+颜色 就可以表示变成某种颜色
填词
1.The noise _grew___ (grow) louder when I was prepared for sleep.
2. A concert ___will be held_____ to celebrate May Day next week.(hold)
3. Several years ago a new gym __was built______for visitors to take exercise.(build)
4. The students __have been told______how to learn English well since they entered the new school (tell)
5. He___could swim______(会游泳) when he was five years old.
6. In a plane, all passengers ____have to wear_____(必须穿) seat belts.
7. It can be cold in the mountain in winter.(be) can 此处表示推测，有可能。
8. She may accept the invitation, but she hasn't made up her mind.
9. It ____can’t be_____(不可能) a comfortable trip with so many people in such a small car.
10. He looks sad and he __must have been told______（肯定被告知）the death of his grandma.
11. What you said ____sounds interesting________________(听起来很有趣).
12. What he suggested____sounds like a good idea________________ (听起来是个好主意).
13. The food in my hometown____tastes delicious________________(尝起来很美味).
14. The athlete on the start___looks nervous_________________(看起来很紧张).
15. It was a hot summer afternoon. The milk____went bad________________(变馊了).
三.宾语 Object
宾语是谓语动词所表示的动作所及的对象,一般位于谓语之后。宾语有以下几种
1.直接宾语
直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象。可以作直接宾语的有名词、代词、数词、动名词短
语、不定式短语、名词化的形容词和从句.
翻译：1.纸很容易着火。(catch fire) The paper catches fire easily.
2.你在哪买的那个？ Where did you buy that?
3.我们应该帮助穷人. We should help the poor.
4.他最后决定听取我的建议。（decide，take one’s advice） He decided to take my advice.
5.请停止发出噪音。（make noise）Please stop making noise.
6.你明白我意思是什么没？ Do you understand what I mean?
2.双宾语
1.舅舅送了我一件很好的礼物。 My uncle sent me a very special present.
2.他的外公给他做了一个风筝。 His grandpa made him a kite.
3.复合宾语
划出宾语和宾语补足语，什么做宾补？
The war made him a soldier. ( ___名词作宾语补足语__)7
New machines make the job easy. ( ___形容词作宾语补足语)
They treated her as a child. ( ____介词作宾语补足语____)
Please help me to put these books in order. ( ___不定式作宾语补足语_____)
I saw a stranger waving to me. ( __现在分词_作宾语补足语_____)
You should get the work done by tomorrow. ( __过去分词_作宾语补足语_____)
Note:有时在 make, think, find ,feel, consider 后用 it 充当形式宾语,后接形容词或名词作宾语补足语,再后接充当
真正宾语的从句、不定式.
They think it important to learn English well.
We felt it a pity that he didn't show up at the meeting.
Exercise 6: Translate the Chinese into English.
1.I _saw her cleaning the room________ when I entered it.(看见她正在打扫房间)
2. She was dreaming a day dream when she__heard her name called________(听见自己的名字被叫)
3. To her surprise, she___found herself in a different world__ (发现自己来到了一个不同的世界)
4. People around the world___regard smile as _a friendly expression____(认为微笑是友好的表示)
5. The students__believe it important to keep balance between study and life__(觉得平衡学习和生活是重要的)
6. At first I _find it difficult to understand him._(觉得理解他是困难的)
四、定语 Attributive
修饰名词、代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
1.前置定语
如果定语是单个词,通常放在被修饰词的前面。可以作前置定语的有形容词、名词
名词所有格、代词、数词、现在分词及过去分词等。
划出定语部分，判断什么充当定语。
The little boy needs a blue pen. ( ___形容词_____)
The boy needs a ball pen. ( __名词______)
This is Tom' s father. ( __名词所有格______)
Open your mouth. ( ___形容词性物主代词_____)
Two boys need two pens. ( ___数词_____)
China is a developing country. ( ____现在分词____)
The ground is covered with fallen leaves. ( __过去分词______)
2.后置定语
如果被修饰词是不定代词或作定语的是短语或从句,定语常放在被修饰词的后面可以充当后置定语的有形容词、
副词、介词短语、不定式短语、现在分词短语、过去分词短语及定语从句等。
I have something important to tell you. ( ____形容词____)
The buildings around were badly damaged. ( ____介词____)
The book on the desk is mine. ( ___介词短语_____)
The boy to write this letter needs a pen. ( _不定式短语_______)
The man visiting your school is our headmaster. ( __现在分词短语______)
The problem solved yesterday was very important. ( ____过去分词短语____)
He lost his new pen that was bought last week. ( ___定语从句_____)
Exercise7:翻译
1. The man is a tennis player.
那个外向的男人是一个在网球爱好者中很受欢迎的网球选手。
The outgoing man is a tennis player who is very popular among tennis fans.8
______________________________________________________
2. The book is well received among the students。
那本封面是黑色和白色的书在对体育有兴趣的学生中很受欢迎。
The book, whose cover is black and white, is well received among the students who are interested in sports.
五、状语 Adverbial
状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词等。修饰动词的状语常放在动词之后。如:
Listen carefully!
(但 often, usually, always, still, never, also, already, certainly, even, almost, quite 等副词作状语时,要放在行为动词
之前。如:
He usually goes fishing on weekends.
She seldom talks about her family in the dormitory.
修饰形容词的状语常放在它所修饰的词之前。如:
If you say you are really sorry, I'll forgive you.
充当状语的可以是副词、短语及状语从句等,用于说明时间、地点、方式、程度、原因
目的结果、条件、让步及伴随情况等。如
The warm- hearted boy is well thought of by his classmates.(副词,表程度)
People lined up for buses and got on them in an orderly way.(介词短语,表方式)
The doctors did everything they could to save the boy's life.(不定式短语,表目的)
I don' t like to sit here doing nothing.(现在分词,表伴随)
Moved by their speech, we were at a loss what to say.(过去分词,表原因)
Come whenever you like.(状语从句,表时间)
Exercise 9 :请将下列句子翻译成中文,并在状语下画线。
1.On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. 时间状语（但不是状语从句）
2. we're going to spend the holiday on the beach. 地点状语（但不是状语从句）
3. Please make a sentence using this phrase. 方式状语（但不是状语从句）
4. The boy needs a pen very much. 表示程度（但不是状语从句）
5. John was late because of the heavy snow. 原因状语（但不是状语从句）
6. The doctors tried their best to save the patient. 目的状语（但不是状语从句）
7. We'll have a picnic if it is fine tomorrow. 条件状语从句
8. Although he is young, he knows a lot. 让步状语从句
9. His parents lost their lives in the accident, leaving him homeless. 结果状语（但不是状语从句）
10. He sat there, reading a magazine. 伴随状语（但不是状语从句）9
英语简单句的五种基本句型
简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。
e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
一：英语基本句型-1 主系表结构/S (主）+ V（谓）( 系动词）+ P（表）
本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有:
(1)be 动词类:am, is, are, was, were
(2)表示变化类: become, get, turn, grow, go
(3)感官动词类:look, sound, smell, taste, feel
(4)表示延续性的动词: remain, stay, keep
如：Our English teacher is thirty years old. The cake tastes delicious.
We feel used to living in big cities. The potatoes went bad in the fields.
Their boss seems satisfied with the work. Deep water stays still.
体验：Subject (主语) ＋ Link. V(系动词) ＋ Predicate(表语)
Our English teacher is thirty years old.我们的英语老师 30 岁了。 The cake tastes delicious.这个蛋糕吃起来很可口。
The potatoes went bad in the field.土豆在地里就坏了。They seemed very happy together.他们在一起好像很幸福。
It gets colder and colder.天气越来越冷了。The leaves have turned yellow. 树叶已经变黄了。
巩固练习 1：
1．冬季白天短，夜晚长。
2．十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。
3．孩子们很少保持安静。
4．她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。
5．他失业了。
6.对于更多的人来说这确实是观看的一次好机会。
7.我们报纸的外国文化栏目非常受我们学生欢迎。
二：英语基本句型-2 主谓结构/S(主）+ Vi（不及物动词）（谓）
本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。
如：The sun rises. Tom has already left.
主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。
如：1. The red sun rises in the east. 2. So they had to travel by air or boat.
3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus. 4. She sat there alone, reading a novel.
5. He came back when we were eating. 6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay
up.
体验：句型 Subject (主语) ＋ Verb (谓语) （动词为不及物动词）
The red sun rises in the east.红彤彤的太阳从东方升起来。
Lucy and Mary get up early every morning.露西和玛丽每天早上很早就起床。
His parents have worked in the company for ten years.他的父母在这家公司工作十年了。
What he said does not matter.他说的话不重要。
They had to travel by boat.他们不得不乘船旅行。The egg hatched. 这只蛋孵化了。
The accident happened because of his carelessness. 这次事故发生是因为他的粗细大意。
It weighs nearly 27 kilos (about 65 pounds)它重近 27 千克(约 65 磅)。
巩固练习 2：
1．她昨天回家很晚。
2．会议将持续两个小时。
3．在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化。
4．1919 年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。 10
5．每天八时开始上课。
不及物动词： sleep, walk, swim, happen ,take place, go, come, arrive, laugh, agree, work, listen, look, die,
belong, fall, exist, rise, sit, succeed fail 等。
三：英语基本句型-3 主谓宾结构/S (主）+ Vt （及物动词）（谓）+ O（宾）
本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。
如：1. Tom made a hole in the wall. 2. I don’t know if he can come tomorrow.
3. They haven’t decided where to go next. 4. She stopped teaching English two years ago.
5. It took them ten years to build the dam. 6. Mother promises to give me a present.
体验：Subject(主语) ＋ Verb (谓语)（谓语为及物动词） ＋ Object (宾语)
He put the dictionary in the backpack.他把词典放进了背包里。
I saw her just now and she was doing her homework in the classroom.我刚才看到她了,她正在教室做作业。
They haven’t decided when and where to hold the party.他们还没有决定什么时候、在哪儿举办这次聚会。
She stopped teaching English two years ago.她两年前就不教英语了。
Do you know when he left for Beijing?你知道他什么时候去的北京吗?
Mother promised to give me a present. 母亲答应要给我一件礼物。
Would you mind opening the window?打开窗户你介意吗?
注意：跟不定式 to do 作宾语的动词有：打算(intend)计划(plan)和期盼(expect) 假装(pretend)喜欢(would like)表祝
愿(wish)
决定(decide)同意(agree)设法(manage)说服(persuade)不拒绝(refuse) 好像(seem/appear)答应(promise)做努力(attempt)
失败(fail)也付得起(afford)
注意：常要求接“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语的动词有 ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess,
know, learn, remember, tell, think, understand, wonder 等。
注意：只接动词的-ing 形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有 admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 consider 考
虑 delay 耽搁 dislike 嫌恶 enjoy 喜欢 escape 避免 excuse 原谅 fancy 想不到 feel like 意欲 finish
完成 forgive 原谅 give up 放弃 cannot help 情不自禁 imagine 设想 include 包括 keep 保持 mention
提及 mind 介意 miss 逃过 put off 推迟 practice 练习 resist 抵制 risk 冒险
巩固练习 3：
1．昨晚我写了一封信。
2．今天下午我想同你谈谈。
3．这本书他读过多次了。
4．他们成功地完成了计划。(carry out)
5．那位先生能流利地说三种语言。
6.我计划在一家外资公司找一份兼职。(plan to do, foreign capital company)
7.我非常感谢我的数学老师的称赞和鼓励。
8.作为一名外向的女孩，我和同学们相处得很好。(get along well with)
四：英语基本句型 4 双宾语结构/S (主)+VT（谓）+ InO（间接宾语）+ DO（直接宾语）
说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。
如：He brings me cookies every day.
但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词 to 或 for。
如：He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me.
用 to 侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用 for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。
常跟双宾语的动词有：
（需借助 to 的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask
（需借助 for 的）buy, call, cook, get, choose, draw, find , make, order, sing, save, spare 等。11
体验： Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋ Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语)
Mr.Smith taught us English last year.史密斯先生去年教我们英语。
Grandma told me an interesting story last night.奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。
Would you please pass me that dictionary?=Would you please pass that dictionary to me?请你把那本词典递给我好吗?
He bought his mother a new sweater with his first month’s salary.
=He bought a new sweater for his mother with his first month’s salary.他用第一个月的工资给母亲买了一件新毛衣。
He showed the guard his ticket.他把票给守卫展示了一下。
His contribution won him a good fame.他的贡献为他赢得了良好的声誉。
巩固练习 4：
1．Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。
2．奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
3．请把那本字典递给我好吗？
4．他把车票给列车员看。
5．我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？
6.现在，我代表全校同学，祝愿你们一路平安。
7.同时，父母给孩子的保护太多了。
五：英语基本句型 5 复合宾语结构/S (主）+ VT（谓）+ O（宾）+ O C（宾补）
说明: 此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或
主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不
定式，分词等。如：The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing.
You must get your hair cut. They made Tom monitor.
He used to do his homework with his radio on.
用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。
即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。
如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.
体验： Subject(主语)＋Verb (动词)＋Object (宾语)＋Complement(补语)
If you let me go. I’ll make you king. (名词作宾补)
I consider Tom my best friend. (名词作宾补)
Leave the door open. (形容词作宾补)
We found Li Ming out when we arrived. (副词作宾补)
Make yourself at home. (介词短语作宾补)
I saw a stranger enter the building. (不定式作宾补) 省略 to 的不定式
The boss kept them working all day. (现在分词作宾补)
Yesterday he had his leg broken. (过去分词作宾补)
巩固练习 5：
1．我们叫她 Alice.
2．我们大家都认为他是诚实的。
3．他们把小偷释放了。
4．我要你把真相告诉我。
5. 卫兵命令我们立即离开。
6.事实上，他激励我在大学主修英语。
7.你们的贡献将会使得这次活动获得巨大成功。 12
英语简单句的五种基本句型 参考答案
参考答案巩固练习 1：
1．冬季白天短，夜晚长。 In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.
2．十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。 At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist.
3．孩子们很少保持安静。 Children seldom keep quiet.
4．她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。 Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.
5．他失业了。 He is out of work.
6.对于更多的人来说这确实是观看的一次好机会。 This is surely a good chance for more people to see them.
7.我们报纸的外国文化栏目非常受我们学生欢迎。 The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is very popular among us students.
巩固练习 2：1．她昨天回家很晚。 She went home very late yesterday evening.
2．会议将持续两个小时。 The meeting will last two hours.
3．在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化。
Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.
4．1919 年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。 The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.
6．每天八时开始上课。 Classes begin at eight every day.
巩固练习 3：1. 昨晚我写了一封信。 I wrote a letter last night.
2. 今天下午我想同你谈谈。 I want to talk with you this afternoon.
3. 这本书他读过多次了。 He has read this book many times.
4. 他们成功地完成了计划。 They have carried out the plan successfully.
5. 你们必须在两周内看完这些书。 You must finish reading these books in two weeks.
6. 那位先生能流利地说三种语言。 That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently.
7.我非常感谢我的数学老师的称赞和鼓励。I appreciated my maths teacher's praise and encouragement very much.
8.作为一名外向的女孩，我和同学们相处得很好。As an outgoing girl, I get along well with my classmates.
巩固练习 4：1.Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。Mr Johnson taught us German last year.
2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
3. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？Would you please pass me the dictionary?
4. 他把车票给列车员看。 He showed the ticket to the conductor.
5，我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？Shall I call you a taxi?
6. 现在，我代表全校同学，祝愿你们一路平安。Now, on behalf of all my classmates, I wish you a safe journey.
7. 同时，父母给孩子的保护太多了。At the same time, Parents give their children too much protection.
巩固练习 5：
1. 我们叫她 Alice. We call her Alice. 2. 我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 All of us considered him honest.
3. 他们把小偷释放了。 They have set the thief free. 4.我要你把真相告诉我。 I want you to tell me the truth.
5. 卫兵命令我们立即离开。 The guards ordered us to leave at once.
6．事实上，他激励我在大学主修英语。In fact, he inspires me to major in English in college.
7.你们的贡献将会使得这次活动获得巨大成功。Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.
五种基本句型在书面表达中的应用
1．主语＋谓语(不及物动词)
The meeting starts at 9:00 and ends at 11:00. The stadium opens from 9 am to 5 pm Monday to Friday.
Your every effort matters.
2．主语＋谓语＋宾语 I have rich experience in organizing outdoor activities.
I think it will benefit us a lot Your effort will make a big difference.你的努力将会产生巨大影响（差异）。
3．主语＋系动词＋表语 The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is very popular among us students.
It will be beneficial to us.
I am experienced in the field and qualified for the position.我在这方面擅长而且胜任这个岗位。
4．主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
I would like to offer you some advice．现在我想给你提供一些建议。
he showed us the basic steps and skills 他向我们展示了基本步骤和技能。
I wonder if you could do me a favour.
5．主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语
The Internet makes surveying and voting easy and convenient，regardless of time and space.
互联网使得调查和投票容易且方便，不用考虑时间和地点。
By joint efforts, we will make it a success(we will make it successful).
通过一道努力，我们会使得它成为一次成功的（活动或者事件）。
Wish you success(a good journey, a good start.)
祝你成功（祝你有一个好的行程，一个良好的开端）。13
英语句子结构分类
英语句子结构分类：
简单句，并列句和复合句的概念及区别
1.简单句：无论句子长短，只包含一套主谓结构，句子中个个成分都是单词或短语。有时主语或谓语可以是并列
结构。
请划出下面句子的主谓宾成分。
The accident happened yesterday afternoon
Our English teacher is thirty years old.
He put the dictionary in the backpack.
Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
She kept the door open.
My classmates and friends all received my Christmas cards and thanked me very much.
2.并列句: 由并列连词 and/but/or/so/however/for 等把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来。
如：Come here and I’ll help you. 请划出两个分句并判断各分句的成分。
并列连词：
一、表转折的并列连词 主要有 but(但是), yet(可是), while(而，却)等
二、表选择的并列连词 主要 or (或者，还是，否则), either, or (不是、就是), neither, or,(既不、也不) otherwise (要
不然)等。
三、表联合的并列连词 主要有 and, not only, but also,(不但,而且 ), when(=and just at this time 就在这时)等。
四、表因果的并列连词 主要有 for(因为), so(因此)等。
并列句例句：
1. This is the custom of China. They are not like us to finish it in one drink, _____but_____prefer to drink by taking a small
amount at a time.
2. My mother wants to decorate our rooms in a modem look__while_____my father prefers a traditional style.
3. It was time for her to have a new baby, ___and____it was also time for the young panda to independent.
4. He is a shy man，__but/yet_______he is not afraid of anything or anyone. 解析：But/yet 转折连词。
5. Give me a chance,____and______ I'll give you a wonderful surprise.
6. Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, _____so____plants can spread to new places.
7.Make up your mind, or/otherwise you will miss the valuable chance.
3.复合句：
又称为主从复合句，是由一个主句和一个或者一个以上的从句构成的句子。复合句中的主句和从句都具有完整的
主谓结构。主句是复合句的主体，从句需要有一个从属连词（如 that/what/why/how/if 等）引导，修饰说明主句或
主句中的某个词或短语，不能独立存在。
从句可以分为三大类：定语从句、名词性从句（包括主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句 4 种）、和状
语从句（包括时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、方式、结果、目的、比较 9 种）。 14
定语从句基础句子
The boy who is reading is Tom.
Hospital is a place where a doctor works.
A person who steals things is called a thief.
I still remember the day when (= on which) I first came to Nanjing.
This is the farm where (= on which) we worked when we were young.
There are several reasons why (= for which) the boys should be punished.
定语从句提高版
1. She and her family bicycle to work, which helps them keep fit.
2. By boat is the only way to get here, which is how we arrived
3. Like anything，it is possible to have too much fat and salt， which ___ is not good for the health.
4. In their spare time，they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden，___ which __ is on the rooftop of their house.
5.Zheng He had over 300 ships, some of which were over 150 meters long and could carry up to 1,000 people. 郑和有 300 多
艘船，其中一些 150 多米长，能载多达 1，000 人。
6. Around me in the picture are the things that/which were very important in my life at that time：car magazines and musical
instruments.
7. Sarah，__ who _has taken part in shows along with top models，wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
8. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius， __ who _ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.，influenced the
development of chopsticks.
9.All this means that companies will require people who are flexible and can work on their own.
所有这些都意味着公司需要的将是富有灵活性和能够独立工作的员工。
10. Many young people, most ofwhom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
11.The study suggests that the cultures we grow up in influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us.
解析：which 句意：研究表明我们成长的文化影响我们看周围世界的基本过程。这是一个定语从句，先行词为指物的
the basic processes，所以介词 by 后面用 which。15
12.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon __which__ school education depends.
解析：本句为定语从句。引导词在定语从句中位于介词 upon 的后面作宾语，故用关系代词且指代先行词 the
fundamental skill，因此用 which。
13.Self-driving is an area ____where______China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
14.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ___where_____ his employees enjoy their work.
【答案与解析】 where 句意：这家公司的老板正试图创造一个员工都喜欢工作的轻松环境。先行词为抽象地点
名词，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用 where 引导。
15.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme，one of ___ whose _____ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
解析：whose 考查定语从句。句意：1963 年，联合国建立世界粮食计划署，它的目的之一就是缓解全球饥饿。根据先
行词“the World Food Programme”和“purpose”间的所属关系，故用 whose。
16.The books on the desk，__whose__covers are shiny，are prizes for us.
解析：此句是非限制性定语从句，先行词为 the books，________和 covers 之间存在所有关系，意为“书的封面”。
句意：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。根据语境填 whose。
句子主干：The books on the desk are prizes for us
17. Eric set sail once again, this time with 25 ships, of which only 14 made it to Greenland.
埃里克再次起航，这次带着 25 艘船，其中只有 14 艘船成功到达格陵兰。
18.He wrote many children's books，nearly half of __which__ were published in the 1990s.
解析：此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是 children's books，定语从句中 of 缺少宾语，故填 which。句意：他写
了许多儿童书籍，差不多一半左右是在 20 世纪 90 年代出版的。
19. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，___ when _____ the weather may be better.
【答案与解析】 when 句意：我们将把在公园里进行野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能更好。空后是非限制性定
语从句，从句中缺少时间状语，先行词是表示时间的名词 next week，故用 when 引导。
20. The number of smokers， ___ as ___is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
【答案与解析】 as 句意：据报道，仅一年的时间，吸烟人的数量就下降了百分之十七。此处由 as 引导非限制
性定语从句，表示“正如……”。as is reported 既可以位于句首，也可以位于句中。
21. I am looking forward to the day __ when _ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
【答案与解析】 when 句意：我一直都在期待我的女儿能够读懂这本书并了解我对她的感情的那一天。要填的
词引导一个定语从句，先行词是表示时间的 the day；从句缺少时间状语，故填 when。
22. Students should involve themselves in community activities___ where _____ they can gain experience for growth.
【答案与解析】 where 句意：应该让学生参与社团活动，在活动中他们能够获得成长所需要的经验。分析句子
结构可知，从空格处一直到句尾为定语从句，修饰先行词 activities，并且先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填
关系副词 where。
23.I am not the same kind of person as you are.我可不是和你一类的人。（as 在从句中作表语）
24.You may take the same bus as we take.你可乘坐我们坐的同一辆大巴。（as 在从句中作宾语）
25.As you know, we need to hurry up.大家知道，我们需要加快速度。
26. I don’t know the reason why/for which he didn’t come to school yesterday.
27. As it turned out ,I loved every minute of the class.
As 引导的非限制性定语从句位置即可以位于句首，也可以位于句中或者句末。
名词性从句按照类别单句
that 引导主语从句
1.That you didn't know the rules won't be an excuse for your failure.
2.That the storm will continue makes the public worried
3. It suddenly occurred to Rose that she hadn't turned off the TV after leaving the room.
(It 作形式主语，正在的主语从句是 that she hadn't turned off the TV after leaving the room.)
4. It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
(It 作形式主语，正在的主语从句是 that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.)
5. As I searched the name Linda on the Internet, it became evident that there're two with the same name who look 16
completely different.
当我在网上搜索 Linda 这个名字的时候，很显然有两个看着完全不同但姓名相同的人。
6. It is a pity that you have missed the wonderful lecture.
你错过了这么精彩的演讲真遗憾。
7.It is announced in today's newspaper that the president will pay a visit to China next week.
今天报纸上宣称总统下周要对中国进行访问。
8. It is believed that children should learn to be responsible from the very beginning．
人们认为，小孩子从小就要学会承担责任。
(It 作形式主语，正在的主语从句是 that children should learn to be responsible from the very beginning．)
9. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.
10. That light travels faster than sound is known to us all.
that 引导宾语从句
1. I truly believe that beauty comes from within.
2. Experts believe that people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.
3. Why don’t you bring it to his attention that you are too ill to work on?
it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面 that 引导的从句。
4. We think it important that college students should master at least one foreign language.我们认为大学生至少掌
握一门外语是很重要的。
it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面 that 引导的从句。
5. Tom is a nice boy, except that he is sometimes late for school.
（词句为介词后宾语从句）汤姆是个很棒的男孩，除了有时上学迟到。
6. I am glad that everything is all right.
（形容词后的宾语从句）
注意：动词后连个宾语从句的时候，第一个宾语从句引导词 that 可以省略，第二个宾语从句引导词不可以省略。
He said he had eaten nothing, and that he was hungry.
Most parents fear computer games will prevent their children from studying hard and that their children will fail in the
examination.
that 引导表语从句
1.The fact is that we have lost the game.
事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
2. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely free from dust.
3. My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning.
我的决定是我们所有人明天早上 6 点出发。
4. What is known to us is that the moon travels around the earth every month.
5. My suggestion is that we (should)tell him the truth.
That 引导同位语从句（仅需要了解即可）
that 引导同位语从句时，应在某些抽象名词如 fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility 等
后，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，that 只起引导作用，在同位语从句中不充当任何成分，但一般不能省略。
He has made a promise to his boss that he'll return in three days as long as he can get to the destination in time.
他向他老板承诺只要他能及时到达目的地就会三天后回来。
what 引导名词性从句
what 引导主语从句
1. What David used to say was always new and worth hearing and all his pupils loved him.
2. What makes the book so special is the name of the writer.
3. What impresses me about his painting is the colors he uses.
4. What you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.
5. What is important is that we let others know we care about them.
解析 考查主语从句的引导词。根据句子结构可知，系动词 is 前的句子缺少主语，表示“重要的事情”要用 what。
6. What some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.
意思：一些人看作是缺点的东西却被许多其他的人看作优点.
7. What struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love
for his son.
解析 本题考查主语从句。句意：这部电影让我最感动的地方就是父亲对儿子的深深的爱。主句谓语动词 was 之前
为主语从句，其中缺少主语指事物，故使用代词 what。17
What 引导宾语从句
1.I’m interested in what you’ve said. (介词后的宾语从句)
2. Tina is much more confident behind the wheel than what she was when she started.
(介词后的宾语从句)
3. If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate what is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden
in the water.
解析如果你在河里或湖里游泳的话，务必调查清楚水面之下有什么。水中经常隐藏着石头或树枝。根据后面 rocks and
branches 可知，此处要用 what 来引导。
4. Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for what Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.
解析 句意：读了多丽丝·莱辛的传记，我很钦佩她在文学上获得的成就。考查名词性从句。考查宾语从句的连接
词。在介词 for 后的是宾语从句，从句中缺少 achieve 的宾语，故用 what 引导。(介词后的宾语从句)
5. Pick yourself up.Courage is doing what you're afraid to do.
解析 考查名词性从句。句意：跌倒后再站起来。勇气是做你不敢做的事情。这里含有一个宾语从句，引导词在从
句中作 do 的宾语，所以用 what。
6. It is difficult for us to imagine what life was like for slaves in
the ancient world.
解析 考查宾语从句。句意：对我们来说很难想象古代奴隶的生活像什么样子。what 引导的从句是宾语从句，在宾
语从句中 what 作介词 like 的宾语。
What 引导表语从句
1.This year is very special because it's what we call “a leap year”.
2.A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not what ships are built for.
解析 句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的。该题考查表语从句。isn't 后跟从句作表语，表
语从句中的 for 后缺少宾语，用 what 引导，what 与 for 连用，表示目的。What 在句中既作连接词又作从句的中 for
的宾语。
答案 what
3.“Every time you eat a sweet，drink green tea.”This is what my mother used to tell me.
解析 考查表语从句。句意：每次吃糖时，喝点绿茶。这是妈妈过去常对我说的话。答案 what
4.—What a mess！You are always so lazy!
—I'm not to blame，Mum. I am what you have made me.
解析 考查名词性从句。句意：——这么一团糟！你总是那么懒惰！——妈妈，该受责备的不是我，是你让我成了
这个样子。根据结构分析，所填词汇在句中引导表语从句，且在从句中担当宾语补足语，此处指目前的这种状况，
指事物，故用 what。
除 what/that 外其他引导词引导的名词性从句
除 what/that 外 其他引导词引导的主语从句
Who will be in charge of the company remains a mystery. Where we shall do the test is still under discussion.
When we will hold the sports meet is still unknown. Why he did that is not clear.
How he got in touch with Tom is not clear. Whether she likes the present is not clear to me.
Whoever breaks the law should be published. Whatever was said here must be kept secret .
Whichever of you gets there first will get the prize.
除 what/that 外 其他引导词引导的宾语从句
I wonder why she refused my invitation.
Let's go on with the discussion from where we left off yesterday.
(介词后的宾语从句)
I want to know when we will hold the sports meet.
I'm interested in whether you’ve finished the work.
I’ll give you whatever you want . (whatever 有任何的意思)
Most of us hate it when someone talks with his mouth full of food.
(it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语从句是 when someone talks with his mouth full of food.)
The old couple gave whoever attended their Diamond Wedding Anniversary some gifts to share their happiness.
除 what/that 外 其他引导词引导的表语从句
His car broke down on the way this morning. That was why he was late for work today.
My mother thinks that every girl should learn to dance, and this is where I disagree.
Without his support, we wouldn’t be where we are now.
The question is whether it is worth doing.18
It is just because Tom doesn’t know her.
除 that 外 其他引导词引导的同位语从句
Even today scientists still have no solid evidence whether there are living creatures in outer space or not.
The question where we shall have a meeting hasn’t been decided.
The question when we shall go outing is not clear.
状语从句单句
1. ___ Unless ____ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.
2. ____If_____ we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
If 引导条件状语从句句意：如果我们不阻止气候变化，世界上的许多动植物会消失。
3. Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend ____so that_______they get sweet enough to be eaten.
4. All people, _whether_____ they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the
disaster.
5. Tim is in good shape physically even if/even though he doesn't get much exercise.
6. The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, unless_____ accompanied by an
adult.
7. However serious a problem you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.
8. whatever a serious problem you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.
9. John thinks it won’t be long before he is ready for his new job.
10. You may use the room as you like _as long as_____ you clean it up afterwards.
11. That was really a splendid evening. It’s years __since_ ___ I enjoyed myself so much.
12. You must keep on working in the evening, __unless____ you are sure you can finish the task in time.
13. It is almost five years ____since___ we saw each other last time.
14. She had just finished her homework ___when___ her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.
15. __Although____ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not
arrest him.
16. It just isn’t fair. __while____ I was working as a waiter last month, my friends were lying on the beach...
17. My parents don’t mind what job I do___as long as___ I am happy.
18. --- Shall we have our picnic tomorrow?
---___if___it doesn’t rain.
19. ___Even if/ even though_______ you lock all the doors, he can still manage to get in.
20. The boy was so tired ___that_______ he fell asleep on the bus.
21. Hard ____as/though_____ he tried, he couldn’t force the door open.
22. She wouldn't forget her mother's birthday ___even if _______ she seldom wrote to her family.
23. We're doing everything we can to make things as easy for you _____as______we can.
24. My mother wants to decorate our rooms in a modem look__while_____my father prefers a traditional style.
25. If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people__until/till_____you figure it out.
26. Over time, ____as/when___the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more
quickly.
27. ___ As/When _____the average age of population increases, there are more and more old people to
care for.
28. If be you miss this chance, it may years____before_____ you get another one.
29. There is only one more day to go____before_____your favorite music group play live.
30. ___Though/Although/While_________birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.
31. ___Though/Although/While_______I don't really like the author, I have to admit his books are very exciting.
32.___Unless______you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.
33. You won't find paper cutting difficult___if____ you keep practicing it.
34. It is so cold that you can't go outside_____unless_____ fully covered in thick clothes.
35.________If______ you start eating in a healthier way, weight control will become much easier.
36. Located____where___ the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
37. Just ___as____ a single word can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a
paragraph.19
解析：just as 正如……
状语从句省略单句
1.Children，when________ (accompany) by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.
答案 accompanied
解析 考查非谓语动词。因为从句的逻辑主语 children 与 accompany 之间是被动关系，所以应使用过去分词
accompanied。此处为状语从句的省略，从句补充完整为 when they are accompanied by their parents。
2．If________ (ask) to look after luggage for someone else，inform the police at once.
答案 asked
解析 句意为：如果有人要你替他看管行李，立即通知警察。ask 的主动形式后不能直接跟不定式作宾语，只能
跟不定式作宾补，从句省略了与主句相同的主语及 be 动词。完整的从句应该是 If you are asked to look after luggage
for someone else。
3.When __completed______ , the museum will open to the public next year . (complete)
4.The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ___watered____every day. (water)
5. The boss, not the workers should be responsible for the accident. They just carried out the order as_told_(tell
6. When ___asked____what they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved. ( ask)
7.One day while __working______(work) at the cash register in the gift shop,I saw an elderly couple.
8.When___finished____(finish),the knot looks identical from both the front and back.
9.They promise to take action,___whenever__needed, to maintain financial stability in the euro area as a whole.
10.The building was still shaking while I___was walking____(walk) along the road.
11.Friendship is like money: easier made than __kept___ .(keep)
12.When I was at your age my father told me that I should go and work wherever __needed__ most. (need)20
利用句子合并来学习定语从句
定语从句
两个术语：先行词，关系词
先行词：被修饰的名词、名词词组或代词
关系词（关系代词或关系副词）：连接先行词与定语从句的词。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which 等；关系副词有：when, where, why 等；
1、关系词在定语从句中充当主语
先行词为人时
（1）两个单句为 The boys are from Class One. The boys are playing football.
（2）第一句为主句，第二句为从句，将两个单句合并为一句。
The boys（the boys are playing football） are from Class One.
(3) 括号中句子里的主语 the boys, 和先行词是同一个词，应该用关系词替换从句中重复的 the boys. The boys 在
从句中作主语，关系词中能作主语并代表人的是 who, that
The boys（who\that are playing football） are from Class One.
(4) who\that==the boys, 在定语从句中做主语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。
先行词为物时
（1）I found the letter. The letter came yesterday.
（2）I found The letter( the letter came yesterday).
（3）用关系词替换从句中重复的 the letter, 关系词中能作主语并代表物的是 which, that
I found The letter(which\that came yesterday).
（4）which\that==the letter, 在定语从句中做主语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。
2. 关系词在定语从句中充当宾语
先行词为人时
（1）The man is my friend. You met the man just now
（2）The man (you met the man just now) is my friend.
（3）用关系词替换从句中重复的 the man, 关系词中能作宾语并代表人的是 whom, that
The man (whom\that you met just now) is my friend.
（4）whom\that==the man, 在定语从句中做宾语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。
做宾语的关系词 whom\that 可以省略 The man ( you met just now) is my friend.
先行词为物时
（1）This is the pen. He bought the pen yesterday.
（2）This is the pen (he bought the pen yesterday).
（3）用关系词替换从句中重复的 the pen, 关系词中能作宾语并代表物的是 which, that
This is the pen (which\that he bought yesterday).
（4） which\that==the pen, 在定语从句中做宾语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。
做宾语的关系词 which\that 可以省略 This is the pen (he bought yesterday).
3. 关系词在定语从句中充当定语
(1) I helped the man. The man’s car was broken.
(2) I helped the man (the man’s car was broken).
(3) the man’s 是名词所有格，起到定语的作用修饰 car, 用关系词替换从句中重复的 the man, 关系词中能作定语，21
表示“谁的”是 whose
I helped the man (whose car was broken).
(4) whose=the man’s, 在定语从句中做定语，并连接先行词和定语从句。
Whose 不但可以表示“谁的”，还可以指物，表示“什么的”。例如：
I once lived in a house. The roof of the house has fallen in.
I once lived in a house (the roof of the house has fallen in).
I once lived in a house (whose roof has fallen in).
此句还可以改为：
I once lived in a house (the roof of which has fallen in).
I once lived in a house (of which the roof has fallen in).
4. 关系词在定语从句中充当状语时
时间状语
(1) I still remember the day. I first came to the school on the day.
(2) I still remember the day (I first came to the school on the day).
(3)重复的词是 the day, on the day 在从句中充当时间状语的成分，关系词中能作时间状语的词是 when.
I still remember the day (when I first came to the school).
(4) when=on the day, 在定语从句中做时间状语，并连接先行词和定语从句。
地点状语
(1) The house has been pulled down. I lived in the house ten years ago.
(2) The house (I lived in the house ten years ago) has been pulled down.
(3)重复的词是 the house, in the house 在从句中做地点状语的成分，关系词中能作地点状语的词是 where.
The house (where I lived ten years ago) has been pulled down.
(4) where=in the house, 在定语从句中做地点状语，并连接先行词和定语从句。
原因状语
(1) The reason is not clear. He refused the invitation for the reason.
(2) The reason (he refused the invitation for the reason ) is not clear.
(3)重复的词是 the reason, for the reason 在从句中做原因状语的成分，关系词中能作原因状语的词是 why.
The reason (why he refused the invitation) is not clear.
(4) why=for the reason, 在定语从句中做原因状语，并连接先行词和定语从句。
另外关系副词 when, where, why 可以改为 ,介词+which, 介词取决于与先行词的搭配。
例如：
I still remember the day (when I first came to the school).
== I still remember the day (on which I first came to the school).
The house (where I lived ten years ago) has been pulled down.
==The house (in which I lived ten years ago) has been pulled down.
The reason (why he refused the invitation) is not clear.
==The reason (for which he refused the invitation) is not clear.22
根据关系词在从句中所充当的成分，可总结如下：
从句缺主语 who, that,
先行词是人 从句缺宾语 whom, that, who,省略
从句缺定语 whose
从句缺主语 which, that
先行词是物 从句缺宾语 which, that, 省略
从句缺定语 w hose
指时间 when
指地点 where
指原因 why
定语从句合并句子例子练习：
1.I have a friend. He likes listening to classical music.
_____________________________________________________________
2.Last week Mary wore the dress. I gave it to her.
_____________________________________________________________
3.The girl is from America. Her father is a Chinese.
_____________________________________________________________
4.Do you know the man? The man spoke just now.
_____________________________________________________________
5. Who is the man? He is drawing a picture over there?
_____________________________________________________________
6.My grandparents live in a house. It is more than 100 years old.
_____________________________________________________________
知识巩固：
一、that 和 which 用法的区别
(1) 先行词为 all, everything, nothing, something,
anything, little, much 等不定代词时。
I am sure she has something _____ you can borrow.
Do you have anything _____ you don’t understand
(2)先行词被 all, every, no, some, any, little, much 等修饰时。
I’ve read all the books _____ you lend me.
Please send us any information _____ you have about the subject.
(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。
This is the first book _____ he has read.
It is the most beautiful city _____ I’ve ever seen.
(4)先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时。
关系副词
关系代词23
This is the very book _____ belongs to him.
He is the only person _____ was present at the time.
(5)先行词既有人又有物时。
The famous writer and his works _____ the radio broadcast are popular to the students.
(6) 先行词是 who 或 which 引导的主句。
Who is the girl _____ drove the car?
(7) 主句以 there be 引导时。
There are more than 400,000 people _____ died or were injured in the earthquake.
2、只用 which 不用 that 的情况
(1) 关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）。
There are many trees __________ they can have a rest.
This is the ring __________ she spent 1000 dollars.
(2) 在非限制性定语从句中。
Football, ______ is a very popular game, is played all over the world.
二、只用 who 的情况
One ____ has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth.
The ones ____ laugh at the disabled are not good students.
Anyone ____ fails to finish the task should be punished.
Those ____ want to go to The Great Wall sigh up here.
注：先行词是 one, ones, anyone, those, he 时用 who.
3. 表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介
词 of, 有时可用 whose 转换。
1) I’m painting a house, the roof _________ is round.
转换 I’m painting a house __________ is round.
2) They live in a house, _______ windows face south.
转换 They live in a house, the windows _________ face south.
三、 关系副词的使用
1. when
when 代替的先行词是表示时间的名词，在从句中作时间状语。
Eg: July is the month when we have a lot of rain.
(when=in the month)
My connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, I was the first Western TV
reporter.
答案 when
2. where
where 代替的先行词是表示地点的名词，在从句中作地点状语。
Eg: When I arrived, Bob took me to see the house where I could be staying.
(where = in the house)
The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.(天津真题)
【答案】 where
特别注意：where 引导的定语从句还可以修饰表示抽象空间概念的名词，如：
case(情况) situation(情形) position(位置) stage(阶段) point(地步)
Eg: I had reached a point in my career where I needed to decide which way to go.
3. why24
why 代替的先行词是表示原因的名词（通常是 the reason）,在从句中作原因状语。
Eg: The reason why Bob failed was his carelessness.
(why = for the reason)
例句再体验
He remembered the day when I arrived in this big city.
when 作时间状语，意为 on the day
I went back to the place where I was born and grew up.
where 作地点状语，意为 in the place
Please give me the reason why you were late this time.
why 作原因状语，意为 for the reason
2019 年高考英语真题中的定语从句
We have entered into an age __when_____ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
Their child is at the stage__where________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
四：定语从句训练
定语从句单句填空
1. Self-driving is an area ________China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
2.There was once a beautiful girl_______hated herself because the was blind.
3. There is usually an interval between the first half and the second half_________the coach will tell his player how to play
well.
4.The little problems ___________we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
5. I live next door to a couple ___ ______children often make a lot of noise.
6. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere_____ his employees enjoy their work.
7. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time_______ he should be able to be independent.
8. At that time 1 was in Texas and I had a friend______ farmily business was running hotels.
9. She and her family bicycle to work, ___________helps them keep fit.
10. Kate, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
11. The best part of the vocabulary-built process is that there's enough room for improvement, _________means you'll just
keep getting better and better.
12. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, _________is not good for the health.
13. My oldest son, _________work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
14. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _________was the first Western
TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
定语从句真题
1. She and her family bicycle to work, __________ helps them keep fit.
2. By boat is the only way to get here, _________is how we arrived
3. Kae, __________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
4.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，_________the weather may be better.
5. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work.
6. I have come around to explain the reason ________ I was absent from the meeting.
7. Like anything，it is possible to have too much fat and salt，_________ is not good for the health.
8.In their spare time，they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden，_________ is on the rooftop of their house.
9. Sarah，_________has taken part in shows along with top models，wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.25
10.Around me in the picture are the things_________ were very important in my life at that time：car magazines and musical
instruments.
11. My eldest son，________ work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment.
12 .The little problems __________________we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
13.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme，one of ____________purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
14． But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s, _________I was the first Western
TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
15． Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，_________ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C.，influenced
the development of chopsticks.
16.The study suggests that the cultures we grow up in influence the basic processes by_________ we see the world around us.
17. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the
garden, _________ it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.
18. Many young people, most of_________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
利用句子合并来学习定语从句 参考答案
定语从句合并句子例子练习：
1.I have a friend. He likes listening to classical music. I have a friend who/that likes listening to classical music.
2.Last week Mary wore the dress. I gave it to her.Last week Mary wore the dress (that/which) I gave to her.
3.The girl is from America. Her father is a Chinese.The girl whose father is a Chinese is from America.
4.Do you know the man? The man spoke just now.Do you know the man who spoke just now?
5. Who is the man? He is drawing a picture over there?Who is the man that is drawing a picture over there?
6.My grandparents live in a house. It is more than 100 years old.
My grandparents live in a house which/that is more than 100 years old.
一、that 和 which 用法的区别
1、只能用 that 不用 which 的情况
(1) 先行词为 all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。
I am sure she has something __that___ you can borrow.
Do you have anything __that___ you don’t understand
(2)先行词被 all, every, no, some, any, little, much 等修饰时。
I’ve read all the books __that___ you lend me.
Please send us any information ___that__ you have about the subject.
(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。
This is the first book ___that__ he has read.
It is the most beautiful city ___ that __ I’ve ever seen.
(4)先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时。
This is the very book ___ that __ belongs to him.
He is the only person __ that ___ was present at the time.
(5)先行词既有人又有物时。
The famous writer and his works __ that ___ the radio broadcast are popular to the students.
(6) 先行词是 who 或 which 引导的主句。
Who is the girl ___ that __ drove the car?
(7) 主句以 there be 引导时。
There are more than 400,000 people __ that ___ died or were injured in the earthquake.
2、只用 which 不用 that 的情况
(1) 关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）。
There are many trees ____ under which ______ they can have a rest.26
This is the ring _____ on which_____ she spent 1000 dollars.
(2) 在非限制性定语从句中。
Football, ____which __ is a very popular game, is played all over the world.
二、只用 who 的情况
One ___who_ has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth.
The ones ___who __ laugh at the disabled are not good students.
Anyone ___who __ fails to finish the task should be punished.
Those ___who __ want to go to The Great Wall sigh up here.
注：先行词是 one, ones, anyone, those, he 时用 who.
3. 表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介
词 of, 有时可用 whose 转换。
1) I’m painting a house, the roof ___of which______ is round.
转换 I’m painting a house ___whose roof_______ is round.
2) They live in a house, ___whose____ windows face south.
转换 They live in a house, the windows _of which________ face south.
定语从句练习答案
定语从句单句填空
1. Self-driving is an area ____where______China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
2.There was once a beautiful girl___ that______hated herself because the was blind.
3. There is usually an interval between the first half and the second half___when__the coach will tell his player how to play
well.
4.The little problems ___that/which_____we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
5. I live next door to a couple ___whose_______children often make a lot of noise.
6. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere___where_____ his employees enjoy their work.
7. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time____when____ he should be able to be independent.
8. At that time 1 was in Texas and I had a friend____whose__ farmily business was running hotels.
9. She and her family bicycle to work, __which____ helps them keep fit.
10. Kate, __whose_____sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
11. The best part of the vocabulary-built process is that there's enough room for improvement, ___which_______means
you'll just keep getting better and better.
12. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ____which___is not good for the health.
13. My oldest son, ___whose____work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
14. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____when____was the first
Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
定语从句真题
1. She and her family bicycle to work, ___ which ______ helps them keep fit.
2. By boat is the only way to get here, which is how we arrived
3. Kae, __whose_______sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
4.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，__when______ the weather may be better.
5. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ____where____ his employees enjoy their work.
6. I have come around to explain the reason ____why____ I was absent from the meeting.
7. Like anything，it is possible to have too much fat and salt，_____ which ___ is not good for the health.
8.In their spare time ， they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden ， ___ which __ is on the rooftop of their
house.________
9. Sarah，__ who ______has taken part in shows along with top models，wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
10.Around me in the picture are the things that/which were very important in my life at that time：car magazines and musical 27
instruments.
11. My eldest son，___ whose _____ work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment.
12 .The little problems ___ that/which/不填_____ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
13.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme，one of ___ whose _____ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
解析：whose 考查定语从句。句意：1963 年，联合国建立世界粮食计划署，它的目的之一就是缓解全球饥饿。根据先
行词“the World Food Programme”和“purpose”间的所属关系，故用 whose。
14． But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s, ___ when _____ I was the first
Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
15． Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，____ who ____ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C.，
influenced the development of chopsticks.
16.The study suggests that the cultures we grow up in influence the basic processes by __ which ______ we see the world around
us.
解析：which 句意：研究表明我们成长的文化影响我们看周围世界的基本过程。这是一个定语从句，先行词为指
物的 the basic processes，所以介词 by 后面用 which。
17. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was
spread over the garden, where it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.
18. Many young people, most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.28
高考英语语法填空题型解题指导
一．语法填空解题策略（思维导图）
1. 冠词 名词之前，泛指 a/an 特指：the
2. 介词要牢记搭配，注意有些介词的“小词大意”。
3. 代词（人称代词，不定代词，反身代词，形容词性物主代词，名词性物主代词）
it 代词的用法（指代上文事物，形式主语，形式宾语，强调句型。）
4. 连词
并列连词：
一、表转折的并列连词 主要有 but(但是), yet(可是), while(而，却)等
二、表选择的并列连词 主要 or (或者，还是，否则), either, or (不是、就是), neither, or,(既不、也不) otherwise (要
不然)等。
三、表联合的并列连词 主要有 and, not only, but also,(不但,而且 ), when(=and just at this time 就在这时)等。
四、表因果的并列连词 主要有 for(因为), so(因此)等。
并列句例句：
1. This is the custom of China. They are not like us to finish it in one drink, _____but_____prefer to drink by taking a small
amount at a time.
2. My mother wants to decorate our rooms in a modem look__while_____my father prefers a traditional style.
3. It was time for her to have a new baby, ___and____it was also time for the young panda to independent.
4. He is a shy man，__but/yet_______he is not afraid of anything or anyone. 解析：But/yet 转折连词。
5. Give me a chance,____and______ I'll give you a wonderful surprise.
6. Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, _____so____plants can spread to new places.
7.Make up your mind, or/otherwise you will miss the valuable chance.
从属连词
一般用在主从复合句里边，即有主句，有从句。用在三大从句中（定语从句，名词性从句，状语从句）。
从属连词部分举例：29
1. She and her family bicycle to work, which helps them keep fit.
Self-driving is an area ____where______China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，___ when _____ the weather may be better.
That you didn't know the rules won't be an excuse for your failure.
What impresses me about his painting is the colors he uses.
____If_____ we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
However serious a problem you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.
__Although__ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest
him.
有提示词一般考查：谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词等。
(一)、给出动词基本形态，填写词性词形转化(转为名词、形容词)，或填写谓语部分，或是填写非谓语动词；
(二)、给出词语，词性的变化，如名词、动词、形容词、副词之间的转化，名词的复数形式，给出形容词，需要
填写比较级、最高级，或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词(前缀)；
(三)、给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词；
二、单句语法填空
无提示词类：
1.I went to _________countryside with my father to visit grandparents.
2.I often imagine __________my life will be like in the future.
3.Most caves are formed ________nature.
4.Opposite is St Paul's Church，________you can hear some lovely music.
5.My parents had moved to England from India during_____________1970s.
6.The number of smokers，________is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
7.________fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.30
8.But for your error, ______might have been easier for you to pass the driving test.
9._______is very common for students to be physically present in class ， but mentally absent because they are using their
mobiles.
10.—Have you got enough tickets?
—Not yet. We just need one.
11.The difference between a man who succeeds and who does not lies only in the way each treats opportunities.
It is said that police had been called to the scene following a report of a collision involving her vehicle and of another
motorist.
12.—Excuse me, do you want David or Brown to do it?
— is up to the job, I'm afraid.
13. -Good morning, Mr. Lee's office.
-Good morning. I'd like to make an appointment __________next Wednesday afternoon.
14. Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went_______all.
15. China's soft power grows_______line with the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.
16. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree
_________engineering or architecture.
16. Determining where we are in relation _______our surroundings remains an essential skill for our
survival.
18. That young man is honest, cooperative, always there when you need his help._______ short, he's
reliable.
19. Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live in
harmony __________nature.
20. These comments came in response________ specific questions often asked by local newsmen.
有提示词
考查词形转换
1.It is of great_____________(important) to apologize in person.
2.They often get some useful__________________(inform) from the internet.
3. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is ______________(honest).
4. But Jane knew from past experience that her (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.
5. He must be (mental) disabled.
6. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.
7. We drank together and talked (merry) till far into the night.
8. “But such a small thing couldn’t (possible) destroy a village.”
9. One Sunday morning in August I went to a local musical festival. I left it early because I had an appointment
________(late) that day.
10. I am so__________(honor) to serve as your guide to a local restaurant to taste traditional Chinese food.
11. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their (nature) course.
12. Mary felt (please), because there were many empty seats in the room.
13.Running is cheap，easy and it's always________(energy)．
14. We can start the habit by writing learning summaries and remember to record something________(impress)and meaningful.
15. “That would be a very (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick
said.
考查非谓语
非谓语动词语法专项练习 (非谓语使用单句语法填空)
1.__________(Travel)along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience
2. __________ (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
3.___________(understand)your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your
affection and emotions.31
4. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid_________ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged.
5.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _________(allow) more patients to be treated.
6.The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, _________(make) air conditioning unnecessary.
7. It took him a long lime __________(acquire) the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
8._____________( not know)which university to attend，the girl asked her teacher for advice.
9. I didn't mean_____________(eat)anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn't help _____ _______(try) it.
10. So next time when you're preparing for a big exam, spend some time____________ (read) loud.
11.The situation is _______________________(encourage).
12. A famous 19th century Russian writer, Anton Chekhov, once invited a Chinese man________(have) a drink in a bar.
13.The national park has large collection of wildlife,______________ (range) from butterflies to
elephants.
14.Ordinary soap, _______________(use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
15. Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ____________ (spend)with his students.
16. In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message____________(hide)within the work.
17.While waiting for the opportunity to get____________ (promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.
18. Also, they often find it hard________(develop) new friendship in the new surroundings.
19.Clearly and thoughtfully________(write) ， the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own
answers.
20. As is known, only______________(work) hard leads to happiness.
21. I’m really tired of Tom. He had me ______________(wait) for two hours in the rain.
22.The man went to bed _______ (drink)， and when he woke up， he found his shoes still on.
23.Warned of danger in the street at night, the girl doesn't dare to go out without someone______ ___________
(accompany).
24. What’s the language _____________(speak)in Germany?
25.But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants_________ (prove) that
she has brains as well as beauty.
26.Have you got everything ___________ (require)？
27. But unlike her school fiends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term ______________(rest).
28._____________(understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning lo convey your
affection and emotions.
29.My ambassadorial duties will include ________(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas al Chengdu and others
at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
30. __________(Heat), liquids can be changed into gases.
31. It’s standard practice for a company like this one____________ (employ) a security officer.
32 I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs_______________(take).
33.It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like ___________(go) for a swim?
34. I loved _______________(use) real firewood to warm up the room.
35.The country,______________(cover) with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.
36. Much time ________(spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by
health problems.
37. Weather_____________(permit), we’ll have an outing tomorrow.
38 It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall，some ____________(measure) over 90 metres.
39.I am writing to invite you to attend the Chinese paper-cutting art exhibition ________ ________(hold)
in the art gallery.
40. I showed them I was independent by__________(wear) strange clothes.
41._________(order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
42. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together______ (share) a meal, admire the moon and 32
enjoy moon cakes.
43. Show jumping is an equestrian (马术的)sport_________(involve) getting through a course of obstacles set up inside a
ring (竞技场).
44. Fat and salt are required_______________(process) the food that we eat.
45. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ___________(create) special designs.
46._____________(Support) by his academic research, Professor Salovey suggests that when predicting someone’s future
success, their character, as measured by EQ tests, might actually matter more than their IQ.
47. The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, _________________ (make) air conditioning unnecessary.
48.Have you read the novel____________ (write) by Dickens?
49. People probably cooked their food in large pots, _____________(use) twigs (树枝) to remove it.
50.When ______________(offer) help，one often says“Thank you”or“It's kind of you”．
51. Breaking traffic rules and littering are common these days, _____________(cause)serious
harm to life and the environment.
52.Generally speaking，if_____________(take) according to the directions，the drug has no side effect.(副作用)
53.Children，when ________(accompany)by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.
54. Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way_____________ (use) the sun and the stars.
55.If ________(accept)for the job，you'll be informed soon.
56. Newly-built wooden cottages line the street,______________ (turn) the old town into a dreamland.
57. _______________ (catch) the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
58. ______________ (make) it easier to get in touch with us, you'd better keep this card at hand.
59. __________(absorb) in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.
60._______________(learn) more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.
61. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough______ _______(cool) the house
during the hot day·
62.Many Chinese brands, _____________ (develop)their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the
modern market.
63._____________(spend)the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong，Linda appears more mature than those of
her age.
64. The man went to bed ___________ (drink)， and when he woke up， he found his shoes still on.
65. I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ____________(catch).
66. Miss Li returned to the class on a wheelchair to give us lessons. we were___________(deep) moved, all________(rise)
to applaud her.
67. Here are the first two volumes, the third one_____________(come out) next month.
考查时态语态
时态语态综合考查试题
1． According to a recent survey, violence did exist in schools. Students showed their fear while parents and teachers
also________ (express) their great concern about it.
2． Around two o'clock every night，Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat________ (bother) us.
3． They made up their minds that they ________ (buy) a new house once Larry changed jobs.
4.Hurry up！Mark and Carol ________ (expect) us.
5.Jim ________ (watch) a late night film at home when，right in the middle of a thrilling scene，the television went
blank.
6.—I don't understand why you didn't go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.
—I'm so sorry.But I ________ (do) my homework.
7.This was the first time I ________ (experience) sandstorms and I don't ever want to be in one again.
8.Doctors and scientists ________ (learn) a great deal about sleep in the last thirty years.33
9.This medicine________ (taste) terrible. I hate it.
10.As a foreigner, I ________ (absorb) and charmed by the genuine warmth of welcome and unique culture during the trip.
11.John, as well as the other children who have no parents________________ (take) good care of in the city now.
12．Last month I went to the UK for a holiday, I first ________ (stay) in London for a week then I went to Edinburgh and
other cities.
13．Where have you been? We_______________ (look) for you everywhere.
14．This is the only one of the oldest customs that________________ (keep) up in this district up to now.
15．By the time you have finished reading this book, your meal________ (get) cold.
16 ． You'd better not telephone me between 9 and 11 a ． m. tomorrow unless you have something emergent. I
________________ (hold) an important interview with Mr Smith then.
17．Motorists ________________ (require) to switch off their mobile phones while driving nowadays.
18．The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers ________ ________ (repair) one of the main
pipes.
19．It is reported that a space station _______________ (build) on the moon in years to come.
20．Bob called to tell his mother that he couldn't enter the house, for he________ ________ (leave) his key at school.
考查形容词与副词
形容词与副词单句语法填空
1. A table for meat is ____________(actual) behind the change.
2. However, be________(care）to go to extremes.
3. The Central London Railway was one of the most__________ (success) of these new lines, and was
opened in 1900.
4. From tomorrow, I will be their U.K. ambassador. The title will be ___________(official) given to me
at a ceremony in London.
5. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which ___________(gradual) turned into
chopsticks.
6 I enjoyed studying____________ (difference) kinds of cars and planes.
7. At one time, I even felt my parents couldn't understand me so 1 hoped I could be_______(freely)from them.
8. How nice to see you again! Dad and I were_________ (terrible) worried.
三、2019 年高考真题体验
2019 年英语高考真题 全国卷 1
第二节 （共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are
rare north of 88°, there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in
Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62 (poor)
studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are
expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65
(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66 (believe) that populations are 34
increasing. Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human
settlements, leading to the illusion ( 错觉) that populations are 68 (high) than they actually are. Of 69
nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine
lack enough data.
2019 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷 II）
第二节 （共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分, 满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 61 (be) Britain’s oldest full-time employee —
still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, 62
she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have 63 (final) been acknowledged after a customer
nominated (提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene 64 (declare) she had no plans 65 (retire)
from her 36-year-old business. Irene said, “I don’t see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family
and all the friends I 66 (make) over the years. I work not because I have to, 67 because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31 — who works alongside her in the family business — said it remained unknown as to
who nominated Irene for the award. She said, “We don’t have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call
68 (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was 69 joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown
away. We are so proud of her. It’s 70 (wonder).”
2019 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷Ⅲ）
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On our way to the house, it was raining 61 hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take
62 (get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 63 dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained by their
masters 64 had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and
65 (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya (木瓜) and other
fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 66
(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many 67 (tradition) stories about
Hawaii that were 68 (huge) popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay, we 69 (invite)
to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 70 (listen) to musicians and
meeting interesting locals.
2019 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
There are several reasons why school uniforms are a good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The
students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody 56
(have) to worry about fashion (时尚). Everybody wears 57 same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in
unexpected ways. A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece
of cloth 58 gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or 59 (cycle) to school on dark 35
mornings, car drivers can 60 (easy) see them.
But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer 61 this question is not clear. One study in
America found that students’ grades 62 (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students
didn’t want 63 (wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no 64 (connect) between uniforms and
school performance.
School uniforms are 65 (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good
schools don’t have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary
schools wear uniforms.
高考英语语法填空题型解题指导 参考答案
二、单句语法填空 参考答案
单句语法填空答案
参考答案
1.I went to ____the_____countryside with my father to visit grandparents.
2.I often imagine _____what_____my life will be like in the future.
3.Most caves are formed _____by___nature.
4.Opposite is St Paul's Church，____where____you can hear some lovely music.
5.My parents had moved to England from India during_____the________1970s.
6.The number of smokers，___as_____is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
____That____fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.
7.But for your error, __it____might have been easier for you to pass the driving test.
8.It is very common for students to be physically present in class，but mentally absent because they are using their mobiles.
9.—Have you got enough tickets?
—Not yet. We just need another one.
10.The difference between a man who succeeds and one who does not lies only in the way each treats opportunities.
11.It is said that police had been called to the scene following a report of a collision involving her vehicle and that of another
motorist.
12.—Excuse me, do you want David or Brown to do it?
—Neither is up to the job, I'm afraid.
13. -Good morning, Mr. Lee's office.
-Good morning. I'd like to make an appointment ____ for ______next Wednesday afternoon.
14. Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went___ after ____all. (after all 毕竟)
15. China's soft power grows____in___line with the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.
16. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree
_____in____engineering or architecture.
16. Determining where we are in relation __to_____our surroundings remains an essential skill for our
survival.
18. That young man is honest, cooperative, always there when you need his help.___In____ short, he's
reliable.
19. Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live in
harmony ______with____nature.
20. These comments came in response_____to___ specific questions often asked by local newsmen.
有提示词
考查词形转换36
1.It is of great____ importance_____(important) to apologize in person.
2.They often get some useful___information__(inform) from the internet.
3. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is ___honesty _____(honest).
4. But Jane knew from past experience that her choice (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.
5. He must be mentally (mental) disabled.
6. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled warmly (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.
7. We drank together and talked merrily (merry) till far into the night.
8. “But such a small thing couldn’t possibly (possible) destroy a village.”
9. One Sunday morning in August I went to a local musical festival. I left it early because I had an appointment
___later____(late) that day.
10. I am so_____honored_____(honor) to serve as your guide to a local restaurant to taste traditional Chinese food.
11. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural (nature) course.
12. Mary felt (please), because there were many empty seats in the room.
13.Running is cheap，easy and it's always________(energy)．
14. We can start the habit by writing learning summaries and remember to record something___impressive_____(impress)and
meaningful.
15. “That would be a very reasonable (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like
ours,” Nick said.
考查非谓语
非谓语动词语法专项练习 (非谓语使用单句语法填空)
1.Traveling _ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience
沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。
2. Ignoring (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. 动名
词在句中做主语。
3.Understanding _____(understand)your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your
affection and emotions.
4. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid____ looking _____ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel
challenged.
5.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ___ allowing __ more patients to be treated. 结果状语
6.The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, _making___ air conditioning unnecessary.
7. It took him a long lime ___ To acquire _______(acquire) the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
8.___ Not knowing _____(know)which university to attend，the girl asked her teacher for advice.
【答案】 Not knowing 句意：女孩不知道该上哪一所大学，所以她就向老师寻求建议。句子主语 the girl 和动
词 know 之间是主动关系，因而应使用现在分词作原因状语；由句意可知，应使用现在分词的否定形式。
9. I didn't mean___ to eat ___________(eat)anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn't help _____trying
________(try) it.
10. So next time when you're preparing for a big exam, spend some time___ reading ______ (read) loud.
11.The situation is ______encouraging______________(encourage).
12. A famous 19th century Russian writer, Anton Chekhov, once invited a Chinese man______to have ____(have) a drink
in a bar.
13.The national park has large collection of wildlife,___ranging_______ (range) from butterflies to
elephants.
现在分词表示主动做后置定语，相当于定语从句 which ranges from butterflies to elephants.
14.Ordinary soap, ____ used _______(use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
15. Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time __ spent _____ with his students.
16. In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden ________within the work.
17.While waiting for the opportunity to get____ promoted _________ (promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.
18. Also, they often find it hard____ to develop _____(develop) new friendship in the new surroundings. 37
19.Clearly and thoughtfully__ written ______(write)，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their
own answers.
【答案】 written 句意：这本书脉络清晰，论述深刻，能够激发那些自主探究答案的学生的自信心。book 与 write
之间为被动关系，因此填 write 的过去分词形式。
20. As is known, only___ working ______(work) hard leads to happiness.
21. I’m really tired of Tom. He had me ______ waiting _________(wait) for two hours in the rain.
22.The man went to bed ___drunk_____ (drink)， and when he woke up， he found his shoes still on.答案：drunk 此
处 drunk 为过去分词形式的形容词，意为“醉酒的”，在这里补充说明主语的状态。
23.Warned of danger in the street at night, the girl doesn't dare to go out without someone______ accompanying _______
(accompany).
24. What’s the language ___ spoken ___ in Germany?
25.But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants____to prove______ (prove) that she has brains as
well as beauty.
26.Have you got everything ___ required_ _ (require)？答案：required 动词 require 与其逻辑主语 everything 为动宾关
系，故使用过去分词表示被动，此处非谓语动词作后置定语修饰 everything
27. But unlike her school fiends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term ___ resting ___________(rest).
28.______ Understanding _______(understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning
lo convey your affection and emotions.
29.My ambassadorial duties will include ___ Introducing ______(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas al
Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
30. ___ Heated ___, liquids can be changed into gases.
31. It’s standard practice for a company like this one___ to employ ____ (employ) a security officer.
32 I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs______ taken _____.
33.It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like _ going ______(go) for a swim?
34. I loved ____ using ______(use) real firewood to warm up the room.
35.The country,____ covered_______(cover) with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow. （节
日里）整个国度到处是盛开的樱花，看上去就像覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。
36. Much time __spent_________(spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by
health problems.
37. Weather__permitting___(permit), we’ll have an outing tomorrow.
permitting （Weather permitting 一起构成独立主格结构）
38 It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall，some __ measuring ______(measure) over 90 metres.
【答案】 measuring 句意：那里如此湿润，树都长得非常高，有的都超过了 90 米。measure 在此表示“(某物的)
长度为”，some 与其是主动关系，故填现在分词。some __ measuring _ (measure) over 90 metres 一起构成独立主格
结构
39.I am writing to invite you to attend the Chinese paper-cutting art exhibition ___ to be held ________(hold)
in the art gallery.
40. I showed them I was independent by___ wearing ________(wear) strange clothes.
41._____Ordered_______(order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
42. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together_____ to share
__ (share) a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
43. Show jumping is an equestrian (马术的)sport___ involving ______(involve) getting through a course of obstacles
set up inside a ring (竞技场).
44. Fat and salt are required______ to process _________(process) the food that we eat.
45. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal _____ to create ______(create) special designs.
46.___ Supported___(Support) by his academic research, Professor Salovey suggests that when predicting someone’s future
success, their character, as measured by EQ tests, might actually matter more than their IQ.38
47. The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, ___ making ____________ (make) air conditioning
unnecessary.
48.Have you read the novel__written______ (write) by Dickens?
你读过狄更斯写的这部小说吗？(表被动、完成)
49. People probably cooked their food in large pots, _____ using ___(use) twigs (树枝) to remove it.
50.When ___ offered _______(offer) help，one often says“Thank you”or“It's kind of you”．
(时间)当被提供帮助的时候，人们常说“Thank you”或“It's kind of you”。
51. Breaking traffic rules and littering are common these days, ___ causing ______(cause)serious
harm to life and the environment.
52.Generally speaking，if___ taken _____(take) according to the directions，the drug has no side effect.(副作用) 一般来
说，如果按照说明服用，这种药没有副作用。 状语从句的省略问题
53.Children，when ________(accompany)by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.
【答案】 ____accompanied_______ 句意：孩子们在有父母陪同时可被允许进入体育馆。children 与 accompany
之间为被动关系，再由后面的 by their parents 可知，此处应填 accompanied 表示孩子被父母陪同。
54. Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way_____using______ (use) the sun and the stars.
55.If ________(accept)for the job，you'll be informed soon.
【答案】__accepted_________ 句意：如果你被接受做这份工作，那么你很快就会收到通知。本句的主语 you 和
accept 之间是被动关系，所以这里使用过去分词形式，相当于状语从句 If you are accepted for the job 的省略。
56. Newly-built wooden cottages line the street,____ turning _______ (turn) the old town into a dreamland.
57. ____ To catch _______ (catch) the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
58. ____ To make ________ (make) it easier to get in touch with us, you'd better keep this card at hand.
59. ___ Absorbed _____(absorb) in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.
60.___To learn ________(learn) more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective
course.
61. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough__ to cool _______(cool) the house
during the hot day·
62.Many Chinese brands, __ having developed _____ (develop)their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges
from the modern market.
此处使用完成式的 ing 分词形式是表示动作先于主句完成，例如，Having realized my mistake ,I decided to apologize
to my teacher.
63.__ Having spent ______(spend)the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong，Linda appears more mature than
those of her age.
【解析】 Having spent 句意：作为交换生在香港待了一年，琳达显得比其他同龄的人更成熟。spend 与句子主
语 Linda 存在逻辑上的主动关系，且 spend 这个动作又发生在句子谓语动词 appear 之前，故用现在分词的完成式。
64. The man went to bed ___drunk__ (drink)， and when he woke up， he found his shoes still on.
答案：drunk 此处 drunk 为过去分词形式的形容词，意为“醉酒的”，在这里补充说明主语的状态。
65. I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train _to catch_____(catch).
66. Miss Li returned to the class on a wheelchair to give us lessons. we were___________(deep) moved, all________(rise)
to applaud her.
参考答案 deeply , rising (all rising to applaud her 此处作独立主格结构)
67. Here are the first two volumes, the third one__ to come out ______(come out) next month.
这是前两卷，第三卷将于下月问世。(the third one__ to come out _此处作独立主格结构)
考查时态语态
时态语态综合考查试题答案
1． According to a recent survey, violence did exist in schools. Students showed their fear while parents and teachers also
expressed (express) their great concern about it.39
2． Around two o'clock every night，Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat bothers(bother) us.
3． They made up their minds that they would buy(buy) a new house once Larry changed jobs.
4.Hurry up！Mark and Carol are expecting(expect) us.
5.Jim was watching(watch) a late night film at home when，right in the middle of a thrilling scene，the television went
blank.
6.—I don't understand why you didn't go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.
—I'm so sorry.But I was doing(do) my homework.
7.This was the first time I had experienced(experience) sandstorms and I don't ever want to be in one again.
8.Doctors and scientists have learned(learn) a great deal about sleep in the last thirty years.
9.This medicine tastes(taste) terrible. I hate it.
10.As a foreigner, I was absorbed(absorb) and charmed by the genuine warmth of welcome and unique culture during the
trip.
11.John, as well as the other children who have no parents is being taken(take) good care of in the city now.
12．Last month I went to the UK for a holiday, I first stayed (stay) in London for a week then I went to Edinburgh and
other cities.
13．Where have you been? We have been looking(look) for you everywhere.
14．This is the only one of the oldest customs that has been kept (keep) up in this district up to now.
15．By the time you have finished reading this book, your meal will get (get) cold.
16．You'd better not telephone me between 9 and 11 a．m. tomorrow unless you have something emergent. I will be
holding(hold) an important interview with Mr Smith then.
17．Motorists are required(require) to switch off their mobile phones while driving nowadays.
18．The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers are repairing(repair) one of the main pipes.
19．It is reported that a space station will be built(build) on the moon in years to come.
20．Bob called to tell his mother that he couldn't enter the house, for he had left(leave) his key at school.
考查形容词与副词
形容词与副词单句语法填空
1. A table for meat is ___ actually _________(actual) behind the change.
2. However, be___ careful _____(care）to go to extremes.
3. The Central London Railway was one of the most____ successful ______ (success) of these new lines, and was
opened in 1900.
4. From tomorrow, I will be their U.K. ambassador. The title will be ____ officially _______(official) given to me
at a ceremony in London.
5. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which ____ gradually _______(gradual) turned into
chopsticks.
6 I enjoyed studying______ different ______ (difference) kinds of cars and planes.
7. At one time, I even felt my parents couldn't understand me so 1 hoped I could be__ free _____(freely)from them.
8. How nice to see you again! Dad and I were___ terribly___ (terrible) worried.
三、 真题体验答案
2019 年英语高考真题 全国卷 1
第二节 （共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are 40
rare north of 88°, there is evidence 61 that they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay
in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62 poorly
(poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods 63 of / for tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and
are expensive 64 to perform (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut
65 have reported (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66 belief (believe)
that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 67 noting (note) that hungry bears may be
congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are 68 higher (high)
than they actually are. Of 69 the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70 are
(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
61. that 62. poorly 63. of / for 64. to perform 65. have reported
66. belief 67. noting 68. higher 69. the 70. are
2019 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷 II）
第二节 （共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分, 满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 61 being (be) Britain’s oldest full-time
employee — still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,
62 which she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have 63 finally (final) been
acknowledged after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene 64 declared (declare) she had no plans 65 to
retire (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said, “I don’t see any reason to give up work. I love coming here
and seeing my family and all the friends I 66 have made (make) over the years. I work not because I have to, 67
but because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31 — who works alongside her in the family business — said it remained unknown as to
who nominated Irene for the award. She said, “We don’t have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call
68 saying (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was 69 a joke. But then we got an official letter and we were
blown away. We are so proud of her. It’s 70 wonderful (wonder).”
第二节
61. being 62. which 63. finally 64. declared 65. to retire
66. have made 67. but 68. saying 69. a 70. wonderful
2019 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷Ⅲ）
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On our way to the house, it was raining 61 so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take
62 to get (get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.41
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 63 of dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained by their
masters 64 who had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and
65 recommended (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya (木
瓜) and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 66
competition (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many 67 traditional
(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 68 hugely (huge) popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long
stay, we 69 were invited (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the
stars, 70 listening (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
61. so 62. to get 63. of 64. who 65. recommended
66. competition 67. traditional 68. hugely
69. were invited 70. listening
2019 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
There are several reasons why school uniforms are a good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The
students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody 56 has
/ will have (have) to worry about fashion (时尚). Everybody wears 57 the same style of clothes. Uniforms
can be useful in unexpected ways. A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket,
there is a piece of cloth 58 that / which gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or 59 cycling
(cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can 60 easily (easy) see them.
But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer 61 to this question is not clear. One study in
America found that students’ grades 62 improved (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But
some students didn’t want 63 to wear (wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no 64 connection
/ connections (connect) between uniforms and school performance.
School uniforms are 65 traditional (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some
very good schools don’t have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British
secondary schools wear uniforms.
56. has / will have 57. the 58. that / which
59. cycling 60. easily 61. to
62. improved 63. to wear 64. connection / connections
65. traditional
基础知识备考库
定冠词的四种基本用法
(1)表示特指的人或物，或者双方都知道的或心中都明白的人或物或者指上文已经提到过的人或事物。
I have the pleasure to say that you are the very person we are looking for.42
我很高兴地说，你就是我们要找的人。
(2)用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、发明物之前。
It is known to us that the earth goes around the sun.
我们都知道地球围绕着太阳转。
I don't know who invented the iPhone, but I think it is a useful invention.
我不知道是谁发明了 iPhone，但是我认为它是一个有用的发明。
[名师指津] 表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前有修饰语的时候，用不定冠词。如：a peaceful world“ 一个和
平的世界”；a bright moon “一轮明月”。
(3)用于序数词、形容词的最高级前。
Marco Polo is said to have sailed on the Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in the thirteenth century.
据说在十三世纪马可·波罗去爪哇岛途中曾航行经过太平洋。
The most important thing is to learn and control your temper so that you may not do or say anything you'll regret.
最重要的是学会控制你的脾气，这样你可能就不会说使你后悔的话。
(4)用在乐器名词前，表示演奏，但“play＋表示中国乐器的名词(如 erhu 二胡，pipa 琵琶)”中，名词前不用冠词。
I play the trumpet in the school band.
我在学校乐队中演奏小号。
零冠词的用法
1 不可数名词、复数名词表泛指或类指时。
By getting close to nature，you can really get refreshed.
Bicycles are still a popular means of transport inChina.
2 名词前已有限定词时。
His car is much more expensive than mine.
3 表示三餐、球类、棋类、学科、季节、年、月等的名词前。
He has milk and bread for breakfast every day.
Of all the subjects，I like physics best.
Autumn is the harvest season.
4 独一无二的头衔和职位名词作表语、补足语或同位语时。
Mr.Smith was elected president of our school.
5 系动词 turn 后作表语的单数可数名词前。
Tom has turned(＝become a)professional player.
6 表示交通方式的“by＋名词”中的名词前。
He goes to work every day by taxi.
口诀
零冠词用法口诀
代词限定名词前，专有名词不可数。
学科交通三餐饭，季节星期月份前。
棋类球类阶级前，称呼习语和头衔。
（2014 新课标二）第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于 3 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about 61 _____________ (be) late for school. There
were many people waiting at the bus stop, 62_______________some of them looked very anxious and 43
63_______________ (disappoint). When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next
64_______________the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike
65_____________(catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger
behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused 66________________ (stop) until we reached the next
stop. Still, the boy kept 67______________(ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting.
Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation.
Then the driver stoop up and asked, “ 68________________anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A
woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear！ It is 69________________（I）”. She pushed her way to the driver
and to the little boy. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done. And the passengers 70
_____________（sudden）became friendly to one another.
2009 广东高考真题
Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult __1__was to choose a suitable
Christmas present for her father. She wished that he was as easy__2__(please)as her mother, who was always
delighted with perfume. Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not__3__pleasant experience：people
stepped on your feet or__4__(push)you with their elbows(肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. Jane paused
in front of a counter__5__some attractive ties were on display. “They are real silk, ”the assistant tried to attract
her. “Worth double the price. ”But Jane knew from past experience that her__6__ (choose)of ties hardly ever
pleased her father. Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality
pipes__7__sale. She did not hesitate for long：although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew
that this was a present which was bound to please__8__. When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen
present in her bag, her parents were already__9__table having supper. Her mother was excited. “Your father has
at last decided to stop smoking, ”Jane__10__ (inform).
2007 广东高考样题
Sports should help a man to learn fairness, not only in games but also in and for life. If two teams
play__1__game, one team must lose. If a dozen teams attend an athletic competition,__2__team will get the most
points and all the__3__eleven teams will get__4__points. If a school team comes out last, that is no loss of
face.__5__that team and that school must do is to admit that it__6__(lose). The only intelligent
reaction__7__defeat must be: next year we will do our best to come out on top, because from now on our team
will devote__8__to a stricter course of training under competent instructors.
Lessons__9__(learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. But even more__10__(value) 44
are the lessons learned in extra—curricular activities in school: in speech, dramatic and musical contests, in
“house” activities, and, especially, in the student council.
（2014 新课标二）第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于 3 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about 61 ___ being __________ (be) late for school.
There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 62____ and ___________some of them looked very anxious
and 63_______ disappointed ________ (disappoint). When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I
got a place next 64______ to _________the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike
65___ caught __________(catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a
passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused 66____ to stop ____________ (stop) until
we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept 67____ riding __________(ride). He was carrying something
over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I
heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stoop up and asked, “ 68______ Did __________anyone lose
a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear！ It is 69______ me /mine __________
（I）”. She pushed her way to the driver and to the little boy. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the
boy had done. And the passengers 70 ____ suddenly._________（sudden）became friendly to one another.
参考答案：
being; and; disappointed; to; caught; to stop; riding; Did; me /mine; suddenly.
2009 广东高考真题
Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult __1_ it _was to choose a suitable
Christmas present for her father. She wished that he was as easy__2_ to please _(please)as her mother, who was
always delighted with perfume. Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not__3_ a _pleasant experience：
people stepped on your feet or__4_ pushed _(push)you with their elbows(肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.
Jane paused in front of a counter__5_ where _some attractive ties were on display. “They are real silk, ”the
assistant tried to attract her. “Worth double the price. ”But Jane knew from past experience that her__6_ choice
_ (choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her father. Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She
found some good quality pipes__7_ on _sale. She did not hesitate for long：although her father smoked a pipe
only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please__8_ him _. When Jane got
home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already__9_ at _table having supper.
Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking, ”Jane__10_ was informed
_ (inform). 45
2009 广东高考真题
1. it 2. to please 3. a 4. pushed 5. where
6. choice 7. on 8. him 9. at 10. was informed
2007 广东高考样题
Sports should help a man to learn fairness, not only in games but also in and for life. If two teams play__1_ a
_game, one team must lose. If a dozen teams attend an athletic competition,__2_ one _team will get the most
points and all the__3_ other _eleven teams will get__4_ fewer _points. If a school team comes out last, that is no
loss of face.__5_ What _that team and that school must do is to admit that it__6_ is lost _(lose). The only
intelligent reaction__7_ to _defeat must be: next year we will do our best to come out on top, because from now
on our team will devote__8_ itself _to a stricter course of training under competent instructors.
Lessons__9_ learned _(learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. But even more__10_
valuable_(value) are the lessons learned in extra—curricular activities in school: in speech, dramatic and musical
contests, in “house” activities, and, especially, in the student council.
2007 广东高考样题
1. a 2.one 3. other 4. fewer 5.What
6. is lost 7. to 8. itself 9. learned 10. valuable
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