2021届高中英语新高考一轮语法复习讲义（三十八）情态动词 have done用法总结（含针对训练与解析）

2021 届高中英语新高考一轮语法复习讲义（三十八） 情态动词+have done 用法总结（含针对训练与解析） "情态动词+have done"的用法 must have done “想必、一定、一定做作了某事”，只用于肯定句。表 示对过去所做事情的肯定推测。 can/could have done 表示对过去情况的推测，常用于否定句和疑问句。也可 用于虚拟语气，表示过去本来可以做某事但没做。 should/ought to have done 表示过去应该做某事却没做，其否定式 shouldn't/ough tn't have done 表示过去不该做某事却做了。 needn't have do ne 表示过去不必做某事实际却做了。 may/might have done "也许/或许已经...";“might have done ”还可表示 “本来可能......但实际上没发生”的意思。 had better done "当时最好做某事“，表示事后的建议，含有轻微责备 的意思；其否定式 “ had better not have done ”表示相反的意义。 would rather 表示"当时宁愿做了某事”；其否定式"would rather nohave done t have done "表示相反的意义。 would like / loveto have done 表示“过去愿意做某事但未做成”。 如：1)It must have rained last night ,for the ground is wet. 2) You can't have forgotten it . 3)I should/ought to have told you about it ,but I forgot. 4)You needn't have waken me so early, for today is sunday. 5)It's too late , she may have gone to bed. 6)You had better have started earlier. 7) I would rather have finished my article ahead of time. 8)I would love to have visited you yesterday ,but I was too busy. 真题演练 用适当的情态动词填空。 1. I can ’ t find mypurse. I （ leave ） it in the supermarket yesterday, but I’m not sure. 句意：我找不到钱包了！我可能昨天把它忘到超市里了，不过我不 确定。2. I have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly tome. 3.—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again. —Oh, it’s toobad. You have made full preparations. 4. My book, The House of Hades, is missing. Who have taken it? 句意：我的书《哈迪斯之屋》丢了。谁可能拿走了它？ 5. Since nobody gave him any help, he have done the research on his own. 6. The children (get)lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp asscheduled. 7. I (enjoy) myself more — it was a perfect day. 8. —What are you doing this Saturday? —I’m not sure, but I goto the Rolling Stones concert. 9. One of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school. 10. I use a clock to wake me up because at six o’clock each morning the train comes by my house. 11. You bring your identification when you open a bank account. 12.— you interrupt now? Can ’ t you see I ’ m on the phone?—Sorry Sir, but it’s urgent. 13. I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I find the money. 14. I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said"Ni Hao," just as I do in China. 参考答案 用适当的情态动词填空。 1. I can’t find my purse. I could/might have left （leave）it in the supermarket yesterday, but I’m not sure. 句意：我找不到钱包了！我可能昨天把它忘到超市里了，不过我不确 定。 根据句意及时间状语 yesterday 可判断，此处表示对过去情况的推测； 根 据 下 文 "我 不 肯 定 "可 知 ， 应 用 "情 态 动 词 could/might + have done"结构。 2. I needn’t have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly tome. 句意：来到这所新学校之前，我本没有必要担忧，因为这儿的同学们 对我非常友好。needn't have done"没有必要做但做了" 3. —Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.—Oh, it’s too bad. You should have made full preparations.本 句用 should have done sth.表示"本应该做某事"，暗含对对方的责 怪。 4. My book, The House of Hades, is missing. Who could have taken it? 句意：我的书《哈迪斯之屋》丢了。谁可能拿走了它？该句表示对过 去某事的推测，故要用 could have done。 5. Since nobody gave him any help, he must have done the research on his own. 句 意 ： 因 为 没 有 人 帮 助 他 ， 他 一 定 是 独 自 进 行 研 究 的 。 由 Since nobody gave him any help 可知，主句谓语部分表示对过去的情况 把握较大的肯定推测，所以主句谓语应用 must have done sth.的形 式，must have done sth. 表示"一定做了某事"。 6. The children must have got (get) lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled. 句意：孩子们一定是在树林里迷路了，否则他们已经按照安排到湖边 的营地了。由题干的后一个分句可知，此处表示对过去的情况把握较 大的肯定推测，故用 must have done（一定做了某事）结构。 7. I couldn ’ t have enjoyed (enjoy) myself more — it was a perfect day.句意：我从没有玩得这么开心过——真是完美的一天。此处是否定词 not 与 more 连用，表示最高级的含义，同时 couldn't have done 表 示"过去不可能做过某事"。 8. —What are you doing this Saturday? —I’m not sure, but I might go to the Rolling Stones concert. 句意："这个周六你要干什么？""我不确定。但我可能会去看滚石演 唱会。"所填词意为"可能"，表示一种可能性，所以本题填 might。 9. One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school.句意：我们的其中一条规则就是，每个学生 在校期间都必须穿校服。shall 与第三人称连用表示规定。 10. I needn’t use a clock to wake me up because at six o’ clock each morning the train comes by my house. 句意：我不必用钟表叫醒自己，因为火车每天早上六点经过我的房子。 根据原因状语从句的内容可知此处表示的是"不必"，故填 needn't。 11.You must bring your identification when you open a bank account. 句意：开银行账户时，你必须带上身份证。根据常识和句意可知此处 表示"必须"，故填 must。 12.— Must you interrupt now? Can’t you see I’m on the phone? —Sorry Sir, but it’s urgent.句意："你偏要现在打扰我吗？难道你没有看到我正在打电话吗？""对 不起，先生，但是情况紧急。"must 表示"偏要，偏偏"，符合语境。 13. I ’ m goingto Europe on vacation together with John if I can find the money.句意：如果我能找到钱，我就可以和约翰一起 去欧洲度假。can 意为"能，可以"，符合语境。 14. I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said"Ni Hao," just as I might do in China. 句意：我足够靠近他们，听到他们在说汉语，我说了声"你好"，就像 在中国我可能会做的那样。might 在此意为"可能"，表示一种可能性。