1
（创新+拓展设计）最新原创之高中英语阅读理解说明性议论性专练
（适用2021届高考）
Passage 1
Do you want to travel this fall? Take a look at Thailand’s famous light festivals. These festivals (called Yi
Peng and Loi Krathong) are held in November. Yi Peng is a lantern festival, and Loi Krathong is a water festival.
Their dates are based on the lunar calendar, so they change every year. This year they will be held on November
2nd, 3rd, and 4th. There will be street food, fireworks, traditional dance shows, and parades.
“Loi” means float, and a “krathong” is a tiny boat. It is made of banana trees and decorated with banana
leaves, flowers, and candles. On the night of the full moon, families put their krathongs in the river, which will take
away their worries. You can buy a krathong near the river. Then, light the candle by the river, hold it with your
family or friends, make a wish, and let it go.
For Yi Peng, houses and stores are decorated with colorful lanterns and flags. At night, white paper lanterns
are sent into the sky to get rid of bad luck. It is said that if you make a wish when you release your lantern it will
come true, but only if you do good things. There are two big releases when the lanterns are set off all together. One
is free at Mae Jo University, but you need to arrive early. The other is for tourists and it’s not on the full moon
(check in October for the final date). A ticket costs about＄100 USD, and you must buy a ticket earlier.
You can also release a tiny boat and a lantern at any time near the river. When you’re ready, don’t forget to
make a wish! Are you ready to travel this fall in Thailand?
1. What can we know about Thailand’s light festivals?
A. They cost about＄100 USD.
B. They are always held in December.
C. They take away people’s bad luck or worries.
D. They are decorated with colorful lanterns and flowers.
2. What do people usually do during Loi Krathong?
A. Buy tiny ships and pray.
B. Release lanterns and enjoy.
C. Dance and decorate houses.
D. Eat food and enjoy the moon.
3. Where is Yi Peng celebrated?
A. On a farm. B. In a school. C. In the fields. D. Over the river.
4. What is the text mainly about?2
A. The origin of Thailand’s light festivals.
B. The benefits of Thailand’s light festivals.
C. The popularity of Thailand’s light festivals.
D. The introduction of Thailand’s light festivals.
Passage 2
Helping others is not only good for them and a good thing to do. It also makes us happier and healthier too.
Giving also connects us to others, creating stronger communities and helping to build a happier society for
everyone. So if you want to feel good, do good!
Doing things for others—whether small, unplanned acts or regular volunteering—is a powerful way to
increase our own happiness as well of those around us. The people we help may be strangers, family, friends,
colleagues or neighbors. They can be old or young, nearby or far away.
Giving isn’t just about money, so you don’t need to be rich. Giving to others can be as simple as a single
kind word, smile or a thoughtful gesture. It can include giving time, energy, care, skills, thought or attention.
Sometimes these mean as much, if not more, than financial gifts.
Scientific studies show that helping others boosts happiness. It increases life satisfaction, provides a sense
of meaning, increases feelings of ability, improves our mood and reduces stress. It can help to take our minds off
our own troubles too.
Kindness towards others is the glue which connects individual happiness with wider community and social
well-being. Giving to others helps us connect with people and meets one of our basic human
needs—relatedness.
Kindness seems to be contagious. When we see someone do something kind or thoughtful, or we are on the
receiving end of kindness, it inspires us to be kinder ourselves. In this way, kindness spreads from one person to
the next, influencing the behaviour of people who never saw the original act. Kindness really is the key to
creating a happier, more trusting local community.
1. Why can giving help to build a happier society?
A. It can connect us to others.
B. It can make us rich.
C. It can bring confidence.
D. It makes us healthy.
2. What can we infer from Paragraph 4?
A. We feel no stress by helping others.3
B. We feel more content with life by helping others.
C. Helping others removes a sense of meaning.
D. Helping others makes our trouble disappear forever.
3. What is more important to build a better local community?
A. Happiness. B. Health. C. Kindness. D. Wealth.
4. What’s the main idea of the text?
A. Helping others is good for ourselves.
B. Helping others matters.
C. We should learn to give.
D. Kindness is a good virtue.
Passage 3
Beijing was once a city of bikes, known as the Bicycle Kingdom for the millions of two-wheelers that
dominated (支配) urban transport. Decades of remarkable economic growth, beginning in the 1990s, led to a
huge flood of cars in cities like Beijing. And as the economy developed, autos pushed bikes off the roads,
creating heavy pollution and miserable traffic. Now, Beijing may be returning to its roots with a modern twist.
Thanks to about two dozen technology start-ups, brightly-colored shared bikes have flooded Beijing since last
year, dotting a normally dull cityscape with flashes of bumblebee yellow, kingfisher blue and tangerine.
Costing as little as 7 cents per half-hour and designed to take people the last leg from public transport to
their places of work or entertainment, the bikes have the potential to transform urban living and even
shape people’s decisions about where to live and work. Those are vital issues in this area of about 20 million
people, many of whom spend hours a day commuting (通勤)．
Riding the bikes requires only a few taps on a smartphone. Customers download one of the
start-ups apps,electronically transfer a deposit and then pay per ride by using a bike’s individual code.
Bikes that rely on mobile technology feel right at home in a place like Beijing, where even elderly people are
often early adapters of technology. Some companies offer booking services and even GPS to enable riders to
find the nearest pair of wheels. If a rider finds one, he or she can pick up the bike and then ride and drop it off
anywhere he or she likes, locking the back wheel, with no need to find a stand or retie it, in contrast to city bike
programs in Paris or New York.
1.What’s the author’s purpose in writing Paragraph 1?
A. To talk about Beijing’s rapid development.
B. To introduce several technology start-ups.4
C. To express his opinions about shared bikes.
D. To tell us Beijing’s returning to cycling past.
2. The underlined words in Paragraph 1 refer to ________.
A. colors of bikes
B. names of cities
C. brands of cars
D. sights of Beijing
3. How much will you pay if you ride a shared bike for one hour and a half?
A. 7 cents. B. 14 cents. C. 21 cents. D. 28 cents.
4. What is a must if you want to use a shared bike?
A. Enough cash. B. A smartphone. C. High technology. D. GPS receiver.
Passage 4
First-time shoppers at Seattle-based Amazon Go may feel as though they were stealing. That’s
because the 1,800 square-foot grocery store, which opened its doors to the public on January 22, has no
cashiers or even checkout counters. Instead, as the name indicates, customers merely grab what they
need and go! But before you start celebrating, the goods are not free—the cost of the purchase(s) is/are
calculated electronically using “Just Walk Out” technology.
The process is simple. Upon entering the store, shoppers “sign-in” by scanning their smart phones.
Every item selected gets added to the bill automatically. If the customer changes his mind, all he has to
do is return the purchase to the shelf, and it will be removed from the final bill. Though consumers will
not find everything they need, they will be able to buy basics like bread, milk, and drinks. There are also
numerous ready-to-eat breakfast, lunch, and dinner choices made by chefs in the on-site kitchen. Those
that prefer to cook at home can select from the wide variety of Amazon Meal Packages.
Once the customer exits the store, the system processes the purchases and charges the cost to their
Amazon account. Within seconds, the customer is notified of the deal with a digital receipt that lists each
item bought, as well as the time spent in the store. The accurate tracking is possible thanks to multiple
smart cameras that monitor everything the shopper is doing. Kumar explains, “Cameras figure out which
interactions (互 动 ) you have with the shelves. Computer vision figures out which items are taken.
Machine-learning also determines which item it is.” The company insists that the system is so accurate
that shoplifting ( 冒 充 顾 客 在 商 店 偷 盗 ) is impossible. And they should know, considering that 5
Amazon employees have been shopping there since 2015!
The store has raised some concern about the jobs of the over 3.5 million cashiers in America.
However, Amazon officials say they have nothing to worry about because human employees are not
being displaced. They are simply assigned other essential tasks, like preparing meals, restocking shelves,
assisting customers, and solving technical issues.
1. How is Amazon Go different from traditional grocery stores?
A. Shoppers have to pay in cash.
B. The goods are free of charge.
C. Shopping is done by machine.
D. Payment can be made automatically.
2. What can we learn from the text?
A. First-time shoppers in Amazon Go don’t steal.
B. You must operate on a smart phone to return unwanted items.
C. Jobs of cashiers will still exist in the near future.
D. Shop assistants will figure out what you have bought.
3. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “notified”?
A. Informed. B. Reminded. C. Convinced. D. Warned.
Passage 5
While Black Friday and Cyber Monday help start the holiday shopping season, Giving Tuesday,
which will be observed on November 28, attempts to inspire the season of giving. Now in its sixth year,
the charitable (慈善的) day uses the power of social media to encourage organizations and individuals
to donate funds or resources to worthy causes. Its mission is to bring positive change to communities
through giving.
Though devoting just one day to a worthy cause may not seem much, Giving Tuesday makes a
surprisingly significant impact. In 2015, ORGANIZE, an online organ ( 器 官 ) donor program asked
people to “give with your heart” by becoming registered donors. Thousands of Americans listen to the
cry for help, resulting in one of the largest digital donor drives in US history.6
That same year, the Cleveland Library and the Pratt Library in Baltimore competed to see who
could encourage more donations. While the Pratt Library won with a $41,000 acquisition, the Cleveland
Library was able to raise a fairly large amount for its programs as well. In 2016, the University of
Michigan encouraged students and friends to donate to hourly challenges. They raised an amazing $5.5
million! The university hopes to recreate the magic this year, with a virtual celebration to mark the
institution’s 200th anniversary.
Giving Tuesday is not just a US phenomenon, but a global movement. In 2016, 98 countries
participated in the event, raising $177 million, a 44% increase over 2015, when 71 nations collected
$116.7 million. These numbers can only increase as the day gains further recognition.
Though donating funds is a great way to help, there are numerous other ways to support your local
community. You can give back by volunteering at a nearby nonprofit or food bank. Social media experts
can do their share by spreading the information and inspiring their colleagues to get involved. Another
great way to celebrate Giving Tuesday is by helping those closest to you, whether that’s assisting a
family member with chores or helping a neighbor with yard work.
1. Why is Giving Tuesday started?
A. To appeal to people to perform an act of kindness.
A. To promote sales of the holiday shopping season.
B. To inspire the poor to have a positive view of life.
C. To encourage people to donate organs for patients.
2. It can be inferred from the text that .
A. people donated money actively for the two libraries in Baltimore
B. the University of Michigan thought it challenging to get donations
C. Giving Tuesday hasn’t been universally accepted in the world so far
D. the donations to the institution were given for its 200th anniversary
3. The author tries to tell the readers in Paragraph 5.
A. why we need to volunteer in our local community
B. the person we will celebrate Giving Tuesday together with
C. the place we should donate funds to benefit other people7
D. the ways we can give to help those who are in great need
Passage 6
Post-00s is a documentary about growing up. It covers almost every aspect of Millennials’
experiences on their path toward adolescence—their struggles with schoolwork, their relationship with
peers, their confusion if a younger brother or sister is born into the family, and their growing desire to
keep a distance from their parents. But this five-episode series was different from any other TV program
with a similar theme.
Post-00s was filmed over a period of 10 years, during which the show’s makers followed a group of
kids from when they were infants through to when they became teenagers. In other words, the show’s
“characters” grow older for real, and their stories are all real.
“Coming-of-age” stories, as they’re known, have a special appeal. They satisfy our curiosity of
looking at someone else’s life, and we become more and more attached to the characters as if we truly
know them. And while we enjoy the truthfulness of the stories because nothing is set in advance, we also
can’t help but feel the cruelty of reality. After all, there’s no re-writing of the script and there’s no turning
back—this is real life.
This realness can also be seen in Boyhood, a 2014 film that won the Silver Bear award for best
director at the 64th Berlin International Film Festival. During a period of 12 years, the film follows the
life of Mason. Jr—played by US actor Ellar Coltrane—from when he was 6 to when he finished high
school.
One of Boyhood’s appeals comes from its “ordinariness”. Mason Jr isn’t some child genius... He is
a quietly spoken, fairly typical American boy, growing up in the Texas suburbs. He likes riding his bike
and playing video games.
While coming-of-age stories may look ordinary on the outside, they often allow us to look
underneath the surface and see something extraordinary—the power of life itself.
1. In the documentary, we see post-00s’ growing experience EXCEPT .
A. how they deal with their studies
B. how they help look after brothers or sisters
C. how they get along with people of their age
D. how much they long to be independent of their parents
2. What do Post-00s and Boyhood have in common?8
A. They’re intended to win an award for best director.
B. The heroes and heroines are characters themselves.
C. They’re a kind of reality show of ordinary kids’ growth.
D. The stories are based on true life but polished by writers.
3. Audience are interested in “coming-of-age” stories because ________.
A. they can see the truth of life
B. they know the characters well
C. they are much fond of gossip
D. they appreciate stories of daily life
4. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A. Post-00s Are Different Geniuses
B. Actors Are Ordinary Characters
C. Documentary Is Real Life
D. Life Is One Big Story
Passage 7
Smokers may ignore the health warnings by telling themselves their habit makes them look cool.
After all, sex symbols James Dean and Humphrey Bogart were rarely seen without a cigarette. However,
the latest evidence shows that smoking actually makes you less attractive to the opposite sex. Wrinkles
from smoking a cigarette may be to blame for people judging non-smokers to be better-looking.
This was the result of a study asking more than 500 people to pick the most attractive of twins
where one smoked and the other did not. Men found female non-smokers the most attractive in
two-thirds of cases, while women chose non-smoking men as the most attractive 68 percent of the time.
Professor Ian Penton Voak, a co-author of the study from Bristol University, said, “People assume
that smoking causes damage to the skin and appearance, but this is a really neat way of looking at it
because these twins are genetically identical, so we can control the genetic factors involved in ageing.
Appearance seems to be important to people, especially young people, so we could use these sorts of
findings as a basis for future interventions to stop people smoking.”
Smoking can speed up the normal ageing, even after only a decade. Nicotine causes narrowing of 9
the blood vessels in the outermost layers of the skin, while the chemicals in tobacco smoke damage
collagen and elastin (胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白), which give the skin its elasticity (弹性)．
1. Why does the author mention James Dean and Humphrey Bogart?
A. To persuade smokers to give up smoking.
B. To compare them with non-smokers.
C. To tell us many people are influenced by them.
D. To show his understanding and comfort smokers.
2. What can we learn from Para. 2 and Para. 3?
A. 500 twins were surveyed for the study.
B. Probably young people pay more attention to their appearance.
C. Female non-smokers are less attractive than smokers.
D. Professor Ian Penton Voak is the leading author of the study.
3. What is Professor Ian Penton Voak’s attitude to smoking?
A. Disapproving.
B. Favorable.
C. Unconcerned.
D. Cautious.
4. What can we know from the text?
A. Smokers look cooler than non-smokers.
B. Smoking may speed up skin’s ageing.
C. Smokers look younger than non-smokers.
D. Smoking should be banned right away.10
Passage 1
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。“水灯节(Loi Krathong)”和“天灯节（Yi Peng）”是泰国人每年公历11月的传统
节日，按照泰国传统习俗，泰国人将在当天将亲手制作的或购买的水灯放入河流中，把孔明灯放飞夜空中，以
寄托心中美好的愿望和祝福。
1. C细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据第二段第三句中的“families put their krathongs in the river, which will take away their worries”及
第三段第二句中的“white paper lanterns are sent into the sky to get rid of bad luck”可知，泰国的灯节让人们摆脱厄
运和烦恼。故C选项正确。
2. A细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据第二段第一句中的“‘krathong’ is a tiny boat”及最后两句“You can buy a krathong near the
river...make a wish, and let it go.”可知，你可以在河边买小船并许愿。故A选项正确。
3. B细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据第三段倒数第三句中的“One is free at Mae Jo University”可知，其中一个免费地点是在Mae Jo
大学。故B选项正确。
4. D主旨大意题。
【解题思路】根据文章内容可知，全文介绍的是泰国“水灯节（Loi Krathong）”和“天灯节（Yi Peng）”的由来
及庆祝方式，其他三个选项均以偏概全，只有D选项概括了全文。故D选项正确。
Passage 2
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文，主要阐明了帮助别人的重要性。
1. A细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据第一段第三句“Giving also connects us to others, creating stronger communities and helping to
build a happier society for everyone.”可知，给予能使我们与他人联系更密切，会帮助我们形成一个更加幸福的社
会。故选A。
2. B细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据第四段内容尤其是第二句中的“It increases life satisfaction”可知，帮助他人会增加我们对生活
的满足感。故选B。
3. C细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据最后一段最后一句“Kindness really is the key to creating a happier, more trusting local
community.”可知，善举是创造一个良好社区的关键。故选C。
4. B主旨大意题。
【解题思路】通读全文尤其是第一段第一、二句“Helping others is not only good for them and a good thing to do. It
also makes us happier and healthier too.”可知，本文主要介绍了帮助他人的重要性。故选B。
Passage 3
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。北京曾经是自行车之城，随着经济增长，汽车的数量迅速增加，但也带来了
环境污染和交通堵塞。为缓解这种局面，北京推出了共享单车服务。本文主要讲述了共享单车的外形、操作模
式等。
1. D 写作意图题
【解题思路】第一段主要讲述了北京曾经是自行车之城，随着经济增长，汽车的数量迅速增加，但也带来了环
境污染和交通堵塞，为缓解这种局面，北京推出了共享单车服务。所以本段旨在告诉我们北京回归到了过去的
骑自行车的时代。故选D。
2. A 词义猜测题
【解题思路】根据本句中的“brightly colored”和“dotting a normally dull cityscape”以及画线部分中的
“yellow, blue, tangerine”可推知，此处指共享单车的颜色。故选A。
3. C 细节理解题
【关键句】Costing as little as 7 cents per half-hour and designed to take people the last leg from public transport to 11
their places of work or entertainment...（第二段第一句）
译文：每半小时只需花费7分钱，把人们从公共交通的最后一站带到工作或娱乐场所……
【解题思路】根据关键句可知，每半小时花费7分钱，因此一个半小时花费21分钱。故选C。
4. B 细节理解题
【关键句】Riding the bikes requires only a few taps on a smartphone.（第三段第一句）
译文：骑自行车只需在智能手机上轻点几下就可以了。
【解题思路】根据关键句可知，使用共享单车必须要用智能手机。故选B。
Passage 4
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了亚马逊的无售货员商店的以及运行背后的技术原理。
1. D 细节理解题。
【 关 键 句 】 But before you start celebrating, the goods are not free—the cost of the purchase(s) is/are calculated
electronically using “Just Walk Out” technology. （第一段最后一句）
译文：但是请不要过早开始庆祝，因为这些商品不是免费的——所购物品的费用用“拿了就走”技术进行电子计算。
【解题思路】根据关键句可知，在 Amazon Go 购物，运用“Just Walk Out”技术可自动计算出顾客的花费。故选
D。
2. C 推理判断题。
【关键句】However, Amazon officials say they have nothing to worry about because human employees are not being
displaced. （最后一段第二句）
译文：然而亚马逊公司的负责人说收银员不必担心，因为人类雇员不会被取代。
【解题思路】根据关键句可知，近期收银员的岗位不会消失。故选 C。
3. A 词义猜测题。
【解题思路】根据上下文可推知，此处表示 Amazon Go 通过电子收据告知顾客在商场消费的每一笔交易和所花的
时间。A 项意为“告知，通知”，符合语境。故选 A。
Passage 5
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了Giving Tuesday的来源和发展。
1. A 细节理解题
【关键句】While Black Friday and Cyber Monday help start the holiday shopping season, Giving Tuesday, which will be
observed on November 28, attempts to inspire the season of giving.（第一段第一句）
译文：黑色星期五和网络星期一拉开假日购物季的序幕，而在11月28日庆祝的Giving Tuesday则试图开启奉献季。
【解题思路】根据关键句可知，人们庆祝Giving Tuesday是为了激励慷慨行善的行为。故选A。
2. C 推理判断题
【关键句】These numbers can only increase as the day gains further recognition.（第四段最后一句）
译文：只有这个节日获得更进一步的认可，参与国的数量才会增加。
【解题思路】根据关键句以及第四段内容可推知，到目前为止，Giving Tuesday还没有被全世界广泛接受。故选C。
3. D 推理判断题
【关键句】Though donating funds is a great way to help, there are numerous other ways to support your local community.
（最后一段第一句）
译文：尽管捐钱给基金会是一个很棒的助人方法，但是有很多其他的方式可以帮助你们当地的社区。
【解题思路】根据关键句以及第五段内容可知，本段中心内容是说为社会奉献有许多方式。故选D。
Passage 6
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几个少年真人秀节目，这类关于青少年成长故事的节目让我们看
到了生活的本质和不平凡的东西，即生活的力量本身。
1. B 细节理解题。
【关键句】It covers almost every aspect of Millennials’ experiences on their path toward adolescence—their struggles with
schoolwork, their relationship with peers, their confusion if a younger brother or sister is born into the family, and their
growing desire to keep a distance from their parents.（第一段第二句）12
译文：它涵盖了千禧一代们在通往青春期的路上几乎都会经历的方方面面——他们在学业上的努力、和同龄人之间
的关系、家里弟弟妹妹的出生给他们所带来的困惑，以及他们想要和父母保持距离的强烈想法。
【解题思路】根据关键句可知，00 后的成长经历包括学业与同龄人之间的关系，以及想要独立的想法。B 项没有提
及。故选 B。
2. C 细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据第三段最后一句“After all, there’s no re-writing of the script and there’s no turning back—this is real
life.”和第四段第一句中的“This realness can also be seen in Boyhood”可知，纪录片《零零后》和电影《少年时代》
的共同点就是它们都展示了普通孩子成长的真实经历。故选 C。
3. A 细节理解题。
【关键句】They satisfy our curiosity of looking at someone else’s life, and we become more and more attached to the
characters as if we truly know them. And while we enjoy the truthfulness of the stories because nothing is set in advance,
we also can’t help but feel the cruelty of reality.（第三段第二、三句）
译文：它们满足了我们围观他人生活的好奇心，我们也在人物角色身上投入了更多的感情，就像我们真的认识他们
一样。而当我们欣赏着没有预设好的故事脚本所带来的真实性时，我们也不可避免地感到了现实的残酷。
【解题思路】根据关键句可知，成长故事满足了人们围观他人生活的好奇心，同时也让人们看到了生活的真实性。
故选 A。
4. D 标题概括题。
【解题思路】通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了几个少年真人秀节目，这类关于青少年成长故事的节目让我们看到了
生活的本质和不平凡的东西，即生活的力量本身。所以 D 项与原文主旨相符，适合做本文的标题。故选 D。
Passage 7
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了吸烟会导致皮肤加快衰老这一负面影响。
1. C 细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据第一段前两句“Smokers may ignore the health warnings...After all, sex symbols James Dean and
Humphrey Bogart were rarely seen without a cigarette.”可知，吸烟者无视健康警告，一定程度上是受到性感演员詹姆
士·迪恩和亨弗莱·鲍嘉的影响，他们在公众视野里随时都叼着烟。由此可推断出，作者提及这两位演员旨在告诉
我们，吸烟，尤其是明星吸烟往往会引来其粉丝及普通人的效仿。因此选项 C 正确。
2. B 推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据第三段最后一句中的“Appearance seems to be important to people, especially young people”可知，
外貌对于人们尤其是年轻人很重要，由此可以推断出，年轻人或许会更加注重外貌。因此选项 B 正确。
3. A 推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据第三段最后一句中的“so we could use these sorts of findings as a basis for future interventions to stop
people smoking”可知，伊恩·普顿沃克认为可以利用这些最新发现作为未来干预措施的理论基础来阻止人们吸烟，
由此可推知，伊恩·普顿沃克对吸烟持反对态度。因此选项 A 正确。
4. B 细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据第四段第一句“Smoking can speed up the normal ageing, even after only a decade.”可知，吸烟会加
快人的衰老。因此选项B
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