Noun clause 在复合句中起名词作用的从
句叫做名词性从句。 名词性从句
名词性从句在功能上相当于名词
主语
{
His job is important.
What he does is important.
表语 This is his job.
This is what he does every day.
{宾语
{
I don’t like his job.
I don’t like what he does every day.
同位语
{
I don’t know about the man, Mr. White.
I don’t know about the fact that he is a
teacher. 名词性从句
noun clause
主语从句
subject clause
宾语从句
object clause
表语从句
predicative clause
同位语从句
appositive clause
连接代词 who, whom, whose,
which, what, whatever
连接副词 how, why, when, where
however, wherever
连接词 that, whether, if, because
as if /as though（不充当
从句的任何成分）
引导名词性从句的关联词引导词
句型转换
1.They are good doctors. He told us. →
2. He hadn’t said anything at the
meeting. The fact surprised us.→
He told us that they were good doctors.
The fact that he hadn’t said anything
at the meeting surprised us.
总结：当从句原来是陈述句时，变
成名词性从句用that引导。3.Does your sister get up early? Do you know?
→
4.Do animals have the same senses as
humans? I often wonder. →
Do you know if/ whether your sister
gets up early?
I often wonder if/ whether animals have
the same senses as humans.
总结：当从句原来是一般疑问句时，
变成名词性从句用if或whether引导。5.When did he buy this new bike? Could you tell
me? →
6.My question is this: where will the lecture
be given? →
Could you tell me when he bought this
new bike?
My question is where the lecture will be
given.
总结：当从句原来是特殊疑问句时，
变成名词性从句还用原来的特殊疑
问词来引导。在名词性从句中一律用陈述句
的语序，即使从句表达的是疑
问含义。
The problem is what he has done
to the little boy.
问题是他对那个小男孩做了些
什么。
表语从句总结：名词性从句必须用陈述句语序。另
外，一般情况下，名词性从句均看作单
数概念。由what引导的一般看后面的表
语。宾语从句的时态一般与主句保持一
致。
1.What we need is more time.
2.What we need are more English
dictionaries.
Who will win the match is still
unknown. 1. 主语从句
在句中作主语的句子叫主语从句。
主语从句通常由从属连词that，
whether 和连接代词what, who,
which, whatever, whoever以及连
接副词how,when,where, why等
词引导。that在主语从句中无词义不可省略，
that， whether 只起连接作用不担当
成分；连接代词和连接副词在句中既
保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，
在从句中充当成分。
What he wants to tell us is not
clear.
主语从句Where the English evening will
be held has not yet been
announced.
That he stole a bike was true.
Whether he will come is doubtful.单个的主语从句作主语时，谓
语动词用单数形式。如果是两
个或两个以上的主语从句作主
语，谓语动词则用复数形式。
Where and when he was born has
not been found.
When the person was murdered
and why he was murdered are still
unknown. 1. Tom was late.
_______________ made me angry.Tom was lateThat
____________________ is a pity.
___ made me angry__________________It
that you missed such a film .
3. 他活着回来真是一个奇迹
He came back alive was a real wonder. That he
It was a real wonder that he came back alive.
(that Tom was late).
Exercises 主语从句
1. that 引导陈述句作主语从句，that 只起连接作用，在从句中
不充当成分。it可作形式主语，主语从句移到句子的后面。
( )
( )
You missed such a film That you
It is a pity
2. You missed such a film1. When will he be back ?
is unknown.When will he be back ¡Á
2. Where did he go?
___is unknown ___________________.It when he will be back
remained a question.
It remained a question where he went .
3. Who can get the prize ?
is to be seen.Who can get the prize
It is to be seen who can get the reward.
2.特殊疑问句作主语从句，注意要用陈述句的语
序。可以用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句子的
后面。
Where did he gohe went
he will1. Will you agree with me?
hasn’t been made
clear.
Will you agree with me
Whether will you ¡Á
2. Did he arrive there safe?
worried me much.Whether he arrived there safe
3. Do I have to leave or not?
depends on you.Whether I have to leave or not
depends on you.Whether or not I have to leave
depends on you.
Whether or not I have to leave
It
一般疑问句作主语由 whether 引导，也要注意用陈述句
的语气，不能再用疑问句的语序， whether不可用if代替。
you will4. What 引导的主语从句中，引导词what =
anything/something that; all that /everything
that; the + n. + that
_____________________ astonished everybody.
What he said at the meeting
astonished...All (that I wanted at that time) was a good rest.
What I wanted at that time was a good rest.
Something (that he said)
The time (that seemed a year ) was only a day.
What seemed a year was only a day
The place (which is now a school) was once a field.
What is now a school was once a field.4. whoever/whomever 引导的主语从句中，引导
词 = anyone who/whom; those who/whom ;
the + one + who/whom
_____________________ should be responsible.
Whoever said this should be responsible.
Those (who want to leave) put up their hands, please!
whoever wants to leave put up their hands, please
Anyone (who said this )
He (who sets fire to forests) must be put in prison.
whoever sets fire to forests) must be put in prison.
The one (whom you bring here) must speak English.
Whomever you bring here must speak English.
whoever总结总结：用：用it it 作形式主作形式主语语的的结结构构
(1) It is ＋ 名词 ＋ 从句
It is a fact that … 事实是…
It is an honor that …非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that …是常识
(2) It is ＋ 形容词 ＋ 从句
It is natural that… 很自然…
It is strange that… 奇怪的是…
(3) It is ＋ 不及物动词 ＋ 从句
It seems that… 似乎…
It happened that… 碰巧…
It appears that… 似乎…
(4) It ＋ 过去分词 ＋ 从句
It is reported that… 据报道…
It has been proved that… 已证实…
It is said that… 据说… 2. 宾语从句
名词从句用作宾语的从句叫宾
语从句。
引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主
语从句表语从句的关联词大致一
样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介
词及非谓语动词的宾语。I want to know what he has told
you.
She always thinks of how she
can work well.
She will give whoever needs
help a warm support. 1.)由连接词that引导的宾语从句
由连接词that引导宾语从句时，
that在句中不担任任何成分，在
口语或非正式的文体中常被省
去，但如从句是并列句时,第二
个分句前的that不可省。
He has told me that he will go to
Shanghai tomorrow. [考例2] Having checked the doors were
closed, and _____ all the lights were off,
the boy opened the door to his
bedroom.
A. why B. that
C. when D. where
B 2注意:在demand, order, suggest,
advise, decide, insist, desire, request,
command等表示要求、命令、建议、
决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用
“should+ 动词原形”。即虚拟语气
I insist that she (should) do her
work alone.
The commander ordered that
troops (should) set off at once. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。
在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用
“should + 动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、
不相信、理应如此等。如：
It is necessary(important, natural,
strange, etc.)that we (should) clean
the room every day.
It was a pity (a shame, no wonder,
etc.)that you (should) be so careless. It will be desired(suggested, decided,
ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that
she (should) finish her homework this
afternoon.但是, 如果suggest作“表明、暗示
”讲, insist作“坚持说、坚持认为”
讲，则其后的宾语从句中应该用
陈述语气。
The smile on his face suggested
that he had passed the
examination. 3)用whether或if引导的宾语句
whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，
常可互换。但从句中有or not时或介词后
的宾语从句中只能用whether连接。其它
名词性从句，如：主语从句、表语从句、
同位语从句只用whether。
即:介词+whether. whether+or not
whether/if+…+or notwhether与if的辨用
表“是否”时，在下列情况下只用whether。
a. 主语从句
b. 表语从句
c. 同位语从句
e. 介词后的宾语从句
f.后接动词不定式 (whether to do sth.)
g .whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句
时不用ifPractice time
if / whether
1. I asked her __________ she had a bike.
3. We’re worried about ________ he is
safe.
4. I don’t know ___________ he is well or
not.
5. I don’t know ________ or not he is well.
8. I don’t know _______ to go.
if / whether
whether
Whether/if
whether
whetherEverything depends on whether
we have enough money.
I don’t care about whether you
have money or not.
介词后的宾语从句一般不用
which和if引导，要用whether和
what。that也很少引导介词宾语
从句，只在except, but, besides等
之后才用。 4)宾语从句中的时态呼应
宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句
谓语动词的影响，如果主句的谓
语动词是一般现在时从句中的谓
语动词可以用各种时态；
I know that he studies English
every day. I know (that) he will study
English next year.
We all know that he has studied
English since 1998.
I know that he studied English
last term. 如果主句中的谓语动词用了一
般过去时，则从句中的谓动只
能用过去时的某种形式，如一
般过去时，过去进行时，过去
将来时等；
We believed that he had earned
enough money to build a house. The teacher told us that Tom had
left us for America．
当从句表示的是客观真理，科
学原理，自然现象，则从句仍
用现在时态。
The teacher told us that the sun
rises in the east.5)当主句是I/ We think (suppose,
expect, believe, guess, imagine) 时，
其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，
常把否定词not从从句中转移到主
句中称为否定的转移。
We don’t believe that he will
win the game.
I don’t think he will do so. doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用
whether/ if 引导名词性从句；用
于否定结构或疑问结构时，后
面用 that 引导名词性从句。
主语+ doubt +whether/ if 从句
I doubt if he can come back.
I don’t doubt that从句
I don’t doubt that he we will win
in the sports meetingbe sure 用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接
that 引导的名词性从句；用于否定句
时，后接whether/if 引导的名词性从
句。
They are sure that he can help them
We were not sure whether we
could win that competition or not
at that time 5. He made that he recited a text every day a rule
如果有宾补，则要用it代替宾语从句的位置，宾语
从句移到宾补的后面去。
4. He thought that the south broke away from
the nation not right .
.
.
it
that the south broke away
from the nation
. it
that he recited a text every day.连接代词whoever，whatever，
whichever可引导名词性从句，
相当于anyone who, anything that
等。它们也可以引导让步状语
从句，相当于 no matter who/
what/ which。
Whoever breaks the law should
be punished. 3. 表语从句
在句中作表语的句子叫表语从句。
引导表语从句的关联词与引导
主语从句的关联词大致一样，
表语从句位于连系动词后，有
时用as if, because 引导。其基本
结构为：
主语 + 系动词 + 从句 The fact is that we have lost the
game.
That’s just what I want.
This is where our problem lies.
That is why he didn’t come to
the meeting. It looks as if it is going to rain.
This is because he missed the train
by one minute.
需要注意的是，当主语是reason
时，表语从句要用that引导而不
是because。
The reason why he was late was
that he missed the train by one
minute this morning. 1. I didn’t know ...( that )Tom was late.
(that) you missed such a fine film.
3. We couldn’t believe (that) he came back alive.
1. that 引导陈述句作宾语或表语从句，that 只起连接作
用，在从句中不充当成分。宾语从句中that可以省略，
表语从句中that 一般不能省略。
2. He told me
4. The fact was that Tom was late.
5. The wonder was that he came back alive.
Sum up 1. Nobody knows ___________________.
2. She asked me ______________.
Where did he go?
2.特殊疑问句作宾语或表语从句，要注意用陈述
句的语序。宾语从句或表语从句的时态要与主
句相呼应
When will he be back ?
when he will be back
Who can get the reward?
4. The problem was __________________________.
3. Let’s wait and see ____________________ .who can get the reward
How can we get there sooner ?
how we can get there soonercould
_____________________________
________
where he went Will you agree with me?1. I don’t know… you will
2. Did he arrive there safe?
I was worried about …whether he arrived there safe.
3. Do I have to leave or not?
You decide ...whether I have to leave or not
You decide ...whether or not I have to leave
一般疑问句作宾语或表语由whether 引导，在动词
后也可以用if 引导，但与or not 直接连用时只能用
whether引导。注意从句也要用陈述句的语气。
whether
4. The question is whether I can persuade him to
give up the foolish idea.
5. Their problem was whether they could find the
right place.
if
if
_____
________________exercises1. That’s ___ the Party called on us to do.
A. why B. what C. how D. that
2. The reason is ___ he is unable to operate the
machine.
A. because B. why C. that D. Whether
3 .That is ___ they separated.
A. that B. what C. which D. where
4.Jane is no longer ___ she was four years ago.
A. what B. which C. that D. when 1.___ he made an important speech at the
meeting was true.
A. That B. Why C. What D. How
2. ___we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on
the weather .
A If B Whether C That D Where
3.___ is known to us all is that America is a
developed country____the First World.
a.Which; belong to b. As, belonged to
b.c. What; belonging to d. It; belonging to4. It’s known to us all ___ a form of energy .
A. water is B. that water is
C. is water D. that water to
5. It worried her a bit ___ her hair was
turning gray.
A. whether B. that C. what D. when
6.What I say and think ___ none of your
business.
A. is B. are C. has D haveTired ？
Take a break !4. 同位语从句
同位语从句解释说明其前面的
名词的具体内容。
同位语从句一般跟在某些表示
抽象概念 的名词后,如 news,
idea, information, fact, hope,
thought, belief 等，用来说明名
词所表示的具体内容， 引导同位语从句的连接词通常
有that, whether和连接副词
when, where, why, how；
I have no idea when she will be
back. 注: 1. 同 位语从句多用that 引导
2. 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引导同位语
从句.
I have no idea where he has
gone.
I have no idea when he did it.
I have no idea what he did.I have no idea
when he will be back.
how he can get the treasure.
where the concert will be hold.
who can finish the work.
why it happened.
which pen is mine.
what we should do next.
whom they are talking about.
whether it’ll rain tomorrow.
that our football team won the game. 1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact
worries their parents and teachers a lot.
2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in
China./ We heard the news last night.
_______________________________________________
______
The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet
worries their parents and teachers a lot.
_________
______________________________________________
______
We heard the news last night that the Queen of
England was on a three-day visit in China.4.Time travel is possible./ There is no scientific proof for
the idea.
5.Chinese students should be given more free time./
The suggestion is welcomed by many people, especially
kids in school.
3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./
Many British parents hold the view._______
_____________________________________________
Many British parents hold the view that teenagers
shouldn’t spend too much time online.
________
____________________
There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel
is possible.
____________
__________________________________________
The suggestion that Chinese students should be given
more free time is welcomed by many people, especially
kids in school.I have heard the news that he visited our factory .
I have heard the news that he told you the other
day .
同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
1 同位语从句——that 只起连接作用，不作任何成分
定语从句 —— that 是关系代词，起连接作用和充
当宾语和主语
2同位语从句——同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关系，
对名词进行补充说明
定语从句 ——定从和前面的名词是所属关系，对
名词进行修饰，加以限定
3同位语从句——that 不能省
定语从句 ——that 在从句中作宾语时，可以省that 引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
同位语从句 定语从句
语法角度
（that功能)
连词 关系代词
连接作用 连接作用
不充当成分 充当成分（主宾）
语义角度（与前面
名词关系）
同位关系 所属关系
说明名词具体内容 限定名词范围
逻辑上主表关系 修饰与被修饰关系
That省略角度 一般不能省略 作宾语时可以省略
不可用which 指物时可用which
替同位于从句的先行词通常为抽象名词，
而定语从句的先行词无此限制。
The possibility that scientists clone a
man may come true .
This is the horse that the scientist clone
.
同
定
常用名词有belief, chance, doubt, fact, hope,
idea, information，news, opinion,
possibility,question, result, suggestion,
thought,truth,wish等等。I had no idea that you were here.
Have you got the idea（that）this
book gives you of life in ancient
Greece？
(that引导同位语从句,不能省略）
(that引导定语从句，作宾语，
可以省略）学习同位语从句应注意的 要点
1. 表是否的感念时， 要用whether而
不用if引导同位语从句。
I have no idea whether you are interested in
working for her .
2.在某些名词后的同位从句中， 其位于动词
应用虚拟语气。 (Should + )动词原形。
Advice ,order ,demand ,plan,proposal,
Suggestions, request, requirement ,
decision, recommendtion 等
The suggestion that a new bridge
(should )be build was accepted.3.名词doubt （怀疑） 后的同位语从
句用whether引导；no doubt ( 不怀疑）
之后的同位语从句用that引导。
We have some doubt whether they can
complete the task on time .
There is no doubt that he will keep his
promise. 当when , why where 和how等引导同
位语时， 他们为连接副词，虽然在
句中担当成分， 但前面没有与其意
义相当的先行词。而在定语从句中它
们为关系副词，在其前面分别有表示
时间， 原因， 地点或方式意义的名
词作先行词。
Then arose the question where we were
to get so many chairs needed.
That ‘s the reason why he didn’t come
to the meeting .
同
定Practice :判断下列各句是同位语从
句还是定语从句
1.They expressed the hope that they would
come to visit China again.
2. The hope that she expressed is that they
would come to visit China again.
3.The fact that she works hard is well known
to us all.
4. I can't stand the terrible noise that she is
crying loudly.
同位语从句
定语从句
同位语从句
同位语从句Exercises about
noun clause 巩固性练习：
1.The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.
A.that B.what C.why D.which
2.The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability.
A.that B.what C.which D.why
3.The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.
A.what B.that C.why D.when
4.His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned
down.
A.which B.that C./ D.it
5.I have no idea ____ he will start.
A.when B.that C.what D./
6.I've come from the government with a message ____ the
meeting won't be held tomorrow.
A.if B.that C.whether D.which
7.The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.
A.when B.which C.what D.that
8.The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.
A.which B.whether C.that D.what
9.The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's
fear ____ he would die of the disease.
A.that B.as C.of which D.which
10.He often asked me the question ____ the work was
worth doing.
A.whether B.where C.that D.when
11.Information has been put forward ____ more middle
school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A.while B.that C.when D.as 12.It is said that more middle school graduates will be
admitted into universities;this is the information ____ has
been put forward.
?A.what B.that C.when D.as
13.She heard a terrible noise,____ brought her heart into
her mouth.
?A.it B.which C.this D.that
14.I can't stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly.
?A.it B.which C.this D.that
15.The fact_____ he failed in the exam is not the
one______he told me.
A.which;that B.that;/ C.which;which D./; that
?17. Information has been put forward __ more middle school graduates will be
admitted into universities .
A that B how C where D what 备课补充资料名词从句与定语从句
的主要区别I. 成分上的区别：
名词性从句和定语从句分别在句中充当什么
样的成分？
1. How the prisoner escaped remains a mystery.
2. I wonder whether/if he is fit for the job.
3. The problem is who will be equal to the task.
4. He had no idea whether we could overcome the
present difficulties or not.
主语
宾语
表语
同位语5. I visited the country which/that had been bombed by
the US-led NATO (美国为首的北约) a month before．
6. I shall never forget the years when I lived in the
countryside with the farmers, which has a great
effect on my life.
7. In the office I never seem to have time until after
5:30 pm., by which time many people have gone home.
8. I had never seen such a good film as I watched last
night. 结论：
名词性从句充当句子的主要成分
（作主语，宾语，表语，同位语），且
无先行词，同位语除外。
定语从句充当句子的修饰成分
（作定语），前面有先行词同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
that作为关系代词, 可以引导定语从句, 充当句子的主语或宾语成分,
在从句中作宾语时可以省略; that引导同位语从句时, 起连词的作用,
没有实际意义，不充当句子成分, 一般不能省略。
试比较下面两个例句:
The suggestion (that) he raised at the meeting is very good.
（that引导定语从句, 作宾语, 可以省略）
The suggestion that the students (should) have plenty of exercise is
very good.（that引导同位语从句）
I had no idea that you were here.（that引导同位语从句, 不能省略）
Have you got the idea (that) this book gives you of life in ancient
Greece?
（that引导定语从句, 作宾语, 可以省略） I. 引导词的不同：
不会出现在名词从句中的关系词：
不会出现在定语从句中的关系词：
as, 且 when, where 等不能与 in/on/at which 互换。
whether, if, what, how
微信/支付宝扫码支付