高中英语语专题之虚拟语气(共52张PPT)

虚拟语气 The Subjunctive Mood • 英语动词有三种语气：陈述语气， 祈使语气，虚拟语气。一、 陈述语气 • 用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个看法。有 肯定，否定，疑问或感叹等形式。 There are two sides to every question. They didn’t watch fireworks yesterday evening. What can I do for you ?例如: • Shall I turn on the radio? • How disappointed Tom was ! • What lovely flowers those are!二、 祈使语气 用来表示说话人的请求，命令或劝告等。 动词要用原形，其否定式在动词前加do not. Let me have a try. • Don’t be late again. • Don’t say it in Chinese. Say it in English. • Let’s go and play basketball.三 虚拟语气 • 表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是 一种与事实相反的假设，愿望，猜测 或建议等等。1. 虚拟语气的考点 1、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法； 2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装； 3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法； 4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法； 5、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。if引导的虚拟条件句区别: If it rains tomorrow, the crops will be saved. 陈述语气 If it rained tomorrow, the crops would be saved. 虚拟语气If + 主 + did(were), 主+would/should/could/might +动词原形 If I were you, I would try it again. 1. 如果我是你，我会再试一次。 2.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。 If I had one million dollars, I would buy the plane. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句If +主 +had done sth, 主+would/should/could/might +动词完成式（have done） If he had worked hard, he would have passed the examination. 1.如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。 If I had married her, I would have been unhappy. 2.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语) If he came here tomorrow, I would tell him about it. If he were to come here tomorrow, I would tell him. 1.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事. 2.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他. If + 主 + did(were to /should do), 主+would/should/ could/might +动词原形主从句的谓语形式 时间 If 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 现在 过去 将来 did / were had done would/could/should /might +V.(原) would/could/should/ might+have+p.p. 1. did / were 2. should do 3. were to do would/could/should /might + V.(原)If you __________tomorrow, you _________ find the new manager working in the office. A. should come; would B. would come; would C. will come; should D. comes; might If the parents ______at the hospital earlier after the accident, the child would have been saved. A. arrives B. arrive C. had arrived D. has arrivedpractice If he _________he ___________that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not have taken B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not takenI didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she __________, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come If my lawyer _______here last Sunday, he _______ me from going . A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented倒装的If虚拟句条件状语的倒装： 如果条件状语中有were, had, should时, 可以倒 装成：Were / Should / Had +主+其他 Were I you, I would try it again. Had he been there yesterday, he would have seen the film. Should it snow tomorrow, we wouldn’t go out. If I were you, I would try it again. If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film. If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldn’t go out._________the exam, he would have attend a college. A. If he passed B. Had he passed C. Were he passed D. If he should pass _______five minutes earlier, you could have seen them off. A. If you should arrive B. If you arrive C. Had you arrived D. Should you arrive ________it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the visit to the Science Museum. A. Were B. should C. would D. willwish引导的虚拟句I wish I remembered the address. 我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了） How I wish he had not left. 要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开） I wish it would rain tomorrow. 要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨） wish + that How I wish If only did/were 现在 had done 过去 would /could do 将来5. If only (1) …要是就好了 = I wish If only I knew his name now! If only we had followed your advice last time! If only I could see him again next year! 要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。 If only our parents could live with us! If only I hadn’t missed the train! 要是我没错过火车就好了.Exercises: “ Have you visited the Science Museum?” “ No, but I really wish I _______.” A. had B. did C. have D. will I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I _____there. A. was B. were C. had been D. went I wish I _________ you yesterday. A. see B. did see C. had seen D. were to see -----He is a brave man. -----Yes, I wish I _________his courage. A. Have B. had C. will have D. would have Tom can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he _____me how. A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teachThe picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I ___________to it. A. hadn’t gone B. haven’t gone C. didn’t go D. could not have gone How I wish I __________that! Everybody present was angry with me. A. didn’t go B. hadn’t done C. wouldn’t do D. wasn’t doing as if /though 区别： { He speaks English as if/ though he is from the USA. 陈述语气 He speaks English as if/ though he were from the USA. 虚拟语气2. as if /though + Clause 现在： 过去： 将来 : did /were(现在) had done(过去) She loves the baby as if it were her own son. He speaks as if he had been to the United States. would+动词原形(将来 )虚拟语气 Subjunctive Mood 时间 条件从句 if 主句 过去 had done would/should/could/ might have done 现在 did/were would/should/could/ might do 将来 1.should do 2.were to do 3.did 退一步 海阔天空 even if/ though, wish,, if only等从句 的虚拟与它相同。如果我是你，我就听从他的建议。 If I were you, I would have taken his advice. 从句表示现在，主句表示过去 如果你听我的话，现在就不会这么糟糕了。 从句表示过去，主句表示现在 如果这些天一直没下雨，我们现在可以进行 工作了。 从句表过去进行，主句表现在进行 If you had listened to me, you might not be in such trouble now. If it hadn’t been raining those days, we should be going on with the works.注意: 主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气 (混合条件句): 有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句 中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时 动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加 以调整。 If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now. 如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份 工作了。 （从句说明过去，主句说明现在。） If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party. 如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。 （从句说明现在，主句说明过去。） 名词性从句中要求 用虚拟语气的动词1.表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气 一个坚持，两个命令， 三个建议，四个要求 1.insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose (advice, suggestion, proposal ) 4. demand , require, request, desire 这些词引导的名词性从句要使用虚拟语气。 即从句中的动词使用should + 动词原形， 或者将should省略。 We all suggest that he ( should ) finish his homework first. The captain commanded that all the sailors ( should ) get down to work at once.It’s suggested ( ordered, demanded, proposed, commanded, requested, desired, insisted, required ) that … 后面的主语从句中要使用 虚拟语气，也以 ( should )+ v原.的形式出 现。 It’s ordered that only German ( should ) be taught at schools in Alsas and Lorin. It’s requested that all the students ( should ) wear school uniforms at school. 以上这些动词的名词形式后面的表语从句 和同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，也应以 (should) + v原. 的形式出现。 My suggestion is that you ( should ) go home first before coming here. His request that his cost ( should ) be paid by the hour is completely reasonable. The order came that the work (should) be finished two days ahead of time My advice is that you (should) practise speaking English as often as possible 注意:当suggest 表示“暗示”;insist 表示“坚持认为”时不用虚拟！ His accent suggests he comes from Hunan. I insist that he was wrong His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision He insists that doing morning exercises does good to people’s health. 虚拟语气特殊句型：1. would rather that 现在： 过去： 未来： 过去时 过去完成时 过去时 I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too. Don’t come. I would rather you came tomorrow.注意: 在主语＋would (had) rather ＋that 宾语从句中，从句谓语一般 用过去式表示虚拟形式。例如: 我真希望你告诉我真相。 I’d rather you told me the truth. 我宁愿不再见着你。 I’d rather I didn’t see you again. 我倒希望他们和我一起去。 I would rather they went with me.(1) 对现在的虚拟,谓语动词用过去 时 (系动词用were),意指主从句谓 语表示的动词同时发生.例如: 他看起来好象病了. He looks as if he were ill. 他感到他应该独自对发生的 事情承 担责任. He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened.(2) 对过去的虚拟谓语动词使用 had+过去分词, 意指从句谓语动词 发生在主句谓语动词之前.例如: 她英语说的很好就象是在英国学习的一 样. She spoke English well as if she had studied English in England. 我记得整件事情就象是昨天发生的一样. I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.(3) 对未来的虚拟谓语动词使用 would+动词原形, 意指从句谓语动词 发生在主句谓语动词之后. 例如: 史密斯太太哭得心都快碎了. Mrs. Smith sobbed as if her heart would break.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it __________. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken The actor is 58 years old. But he acts as if he _______ a young man. A. is B. will be C. am D. were The clouds are getting darker and darker. It looks as if it _______rain. A. is going to B. will C. was going to D. would注意：如果表示的事情可能 会发生，那么状语从句中的 谓语动词可用陈述语气。 It looks as if you are tired.3. It’s (about/high) time +that --- 过去时 should +V. 你该走了。It’s high time that you went. It’s high time that you were going. It’s high time that you should go. 我们该去睡觉了。It’s time that we went to bed. It’s time that we should go to bed. 4. without和but for 构成虚拟。but for要不是 Without sunlight, people’s life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work. Without your help, I would have failed. But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.5. It’s necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that---Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟， 即（should）+动词原形 It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language. It is strange that she refuse to come to the party. It’s necessary that we should study hard.6. otherwise 和supposing也可以引 导虚拟语气。例如： The storm stopped, otherwise the sailors would have fallen into the sea. I’m getting cold, otherwise I would keep her. Suppose(supposing) your friends knew how you are behaving here, what would they think?• over