2021 高考英语真题分类拔高练习 01
1.(2020·浙江)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正
确形式。
Some time after 10, 000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived
________, through agriculture. Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on could
be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had
sown.
Farming produced more food per person hunting and gathering, so people were able
to raise more children. And, as more children were born, more food (need).
Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology (change)
lives.
By about 6000 BC, people (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
Later, they learned to work with the (season), planting at the right time and, in dry
areas, (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then, with rise of science, changes began.
New methods (mean) that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so,
these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥)have now
totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.
【答案】 in;what;than;was needed;to change;had discovered;seasons;making;the;
meant.
【解析】公元前 10000 年一段时间后,人们第一次真正试图控制世界,通过农业。几千年来,
他们开始减少对野外狩猎和采集的依赖,而更多地依靠自己饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。
农业生产了更多的粮食,每个人打猎和采集,所以人们可以养更多的孩子。随着更多的孩
子出生,需要更多的食物。农业使人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。
大约公元前 6000 年,人们发现了最好的庄稼和最好的牲畜。后,他们学会了对待季节,种植
在正确的时间,在干旱地区使用每年洪水灌溉他们的田地。
语法填空这种耕作方式持续了很长一段时间。然后,随着科学的兴起,变化开始了。新方法意味着
更少的人从事农业。在上个世纪左右,这些变化加速了。新的动力机械和人工化肥现在已
经完全改变了生活方式。
(1)考查介词。句意:公元前 10000 年以后,人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们
所居住的世界。they lived _____是限制性定语从句,先行词是 the world,定语从句的关系词
被省略,可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语,即:they lived in the world.,故填 in。
(2)考查宾语从句。句意:在几千年的时间里,他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物
的依赖,而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。 could be hunted or gathered from
the wild 是宾语从句,缺主语,所以引导词应为“连接代词”。结合句意,填 what。
(3)考查固定搭配。句意:农业比狩猎和采集的人均粮食产量更高。more… than,固定
短语,“比……更”故填 than。
(4)考查时态语态。句意:随着越多的小孩出生,越多的食物被需要。more food 和 need
之间是被动关系,同时描述的是过去的时间,所以应用一般过去时的被动语态。food 为不
可数名词。故填 was needed。
(5)考查非谓语动词。句意:农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。此处不定
式作目的状语,故填 to change。
(6)考查时态。句意:大约在公元前 6000 年,人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适
宜饲养的牲畜。by + 过去时间 ,“到…为止”,后面的句子用过去完成时。故填 had
discovered。
(7)考查名词。句意:后来,他们学会了因地制宜,在适当的时间播种,在干旱地区,
利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。season“季节”可数名词,应用复,故填 seasons。
(8)考查非谓语动词。句意:后来,他们学会了因地制宜,在适当的时间播种,在干旱
地区,利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。make use of 和逻辑主语 they 之间是主谓关系。所以此
处用现在分词作状语。故填 making。
(9)考查冠词。句意:随着科学的崛起,事情发生了变化。with the rise of 固定短语,“随
着......的崛起”,故填 the。
(10)考查时态。句意:新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。文章的整体时态是过去时,根
据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以填 meant。2.(2020·新课标Ⅲ)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形
式。
In ancient China lived an artist ________ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist's reputation
had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all
great artists to come and present their ________ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The
artist was sure he would. ________(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the
emperor's chief minister, the old nan laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River
~perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
Filled with ________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. ________ he asked the
villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled
and ________ (point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out
________ (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved, ________ (gentle) along the
river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed
milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising
from the river and the soft clouds. ________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to
tears. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist ________ earth, Mother Nature.
【答案】 whose;finest;be chosen;curiosity;When/As;pointed;to find;gently;surrounding
;on
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文,一位画家画画栩栩如生,有一天他将画送给宰相时,这位睿
智的老人告诉他去漓江旅行——也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一些东西。
画家最后发现这位世界上最伟大的艺术家就是大自然母亲。
(1)考查定语从句。句意:中国古代有一位画家,他的画几乎栩栩如生。 paintings
were almost lifelike 是限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 artist,且在从句中作定语,故应用关系
代词 whose,填 whose。
(2)考查形容词。句意:一天,皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像,于是他把所有伟大的画家
都请来,展示他们最好的作品,以便他挑选最好的。皇帝想要画家最好的作品,表示“最好
的”此处应用形容词最高级,故填 finest。
(3)考查语态。句意:画家确信他会被选中,但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时,
这位老人笑了。he 与谓语动词 choose 构成被动关系,且 would 后跟动词原形。故填 be chosen。 (4)考查名词。句意:怀着好奇心,艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with 为介词,后跟名词作
宾语,故填 curiosity。
(5)考查状语从句。句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,
他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句,表示“当……时候”,且从句中动词 asked 为
短暂性动作动词,不能用 while 引导,故应用 when 或 as 引导,填 When/As。
(6)考查时态。句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他
们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文“they smiled ”的时态,可知应用一般过去时。故填 pointed。
(7)考查非谓语动词。句意:第二天早上,他租了一条船,开始去找这位著名的画家。set
out to do sth.固定短语,“着手做某事”,后跟不定式做目的状语。故填 to find。
(8)考查副词。句意:当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时,山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。
此处修饰动词 moved,应用副词,故填 gently。
(9)考查非谓语动词。句意:当他看到雾气从河上升起,山顶上乌云环绕,他不禁流下
了眼泪。分析句子结构可知。此处是独立主格结构,surround 与逻辑主语 clouds 构成主动
关系,故应用现在分词,填 surrounding。
(10)考查介词。句意:这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。
on earth 固定短语,“世上”,故填 on。
3.(2020·新课标Ⅰ)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形
式。
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The
unmanned Chang'e-4 probe ( 探 测 器 ) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon
goddess ________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon's
far side is ________ (extreme) challenging. Because the moon's body blocks direct radio
communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot
________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of
particular ________ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环 形 山),
more so ________ the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments
onboard Chang'e-4 ________ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. "This really
excites scientists," Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, "because it
________ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon ________ (construct)" Data about the moon's composition, such as how ________ ice and other
treasures it contains, could help China decide whether ________ (it) plans for a future lunar (月
球的) base are practical.
【答案】 touched;extremely;where;interest;than;to find;means;is constructed;much
;its
【解析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了中国无人月球探测器嫦娥四号发射的意义。
(1)考查时态。句意:无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮
女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语,根据时间状语 last week 可知应
使用一般过去时,故填 touched。
(2)考查副词。句意:登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词 challenging,
应用副词,故填 extremely。
(3)考查定语从句。句意:中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点,人
造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。 it could send signals to the spacecraft
and to Earth.是限制性定语从句,先行词是 a spot,关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语,
应用 where 引导。故填 where。
(4)考查名词。句意:月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。be of interest to sb.固定短语,“(某
物)使某人感兴趣”,故填 interest。
(5)考查介词。句意:因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级 more
so 可知,此处填介词 than,表示“比……更”。故填 than。
(6)考查非谓语动词。句意:中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南
极艾特肯盆地。此处不定式作作目的状语。故填 to find。
(7)考查时态和主谓一致。句意:“这真的使科学家们激动,”布朗大学的一位科学家 Carle
Pieters 说:“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文 This really
excites scientists 的时态可知,此处使用一般现在时,主语是 it,故填 means。
(8)考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:“这真的使科学家们激动,”布朗大学的一位科
学家 Carle Pieters 说:“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”此处是宾语
从句谓语动词,谓语 construct 与主语 the moon 之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态,再由语
境可知此处应使用一般现在时,主语 the moon 是单数,故填 is constructed。
(9)考查形容词。句意:关于月亮构成的数据,比如它含有多少水和其他财富,可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice 是不可数名词,应用 much 修饰,故填 much。
(10)考查代词。句意:关于月亮构成的数据,比如它含有多少水和其他财富,可以帮助
中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。此处应使用形容词性物主代词,修饰名词
plans,故填 its。
4.(2020·新课标Ⅱ)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形
式。
Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year is a ________ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the
beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers ________ (carry)
special significance. They represent the earth ________ (come) back to life and best wishes for
new beginnings.
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:
Oranges: Orange trees are more ________ decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and
wealth. They make great gifs and you see them many times ________ (decorate) with red
envelopes and messages of good fortune.
Bamboo: Chinese love their "Lucky Bamboo" plants and you will see them often in their
homes and office. ________ (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo
plants are associated ________ health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy
________ (care) for and make great presents.
Branches of Plum Blossoms ( 梅 花 ): The ________ (beauty) long branches covered with
pink-colored buds ( 蓓 蕾 ) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are ________ first to
flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of
life.
【答案】 celebration;carries;coming;than;decorated;Certainly;with;to care;beautiful
;the
【解析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了用一些植物、水果和鲜花装饰中国新年的寓意。
(1)考查名词。句意:中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词后接单
数名词,故填 celebration。
(2)考查主谓一致。句意:这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句,从句的主语是动名词短语 decorating with plants, fruits and flowers,所以
谓语动词用单数形式。故填 carries。
(3)考查非谓语动词。句意:它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。earth 与 come
back to 之间为主谓关系,现在分词表主动。此处作后置定语。故填 coming。
(4)考查固定短语。句意:桔子树不仅仅是装饰品;more than 固定短语,“不仅仅,不只
是”,故填 than。
(5)考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运
的信息。句中 them 指代前句中的 orange trees,与 decorate 之间为动宾关系,过去分词表被
动,此处作宾语补足语。故填 decorated。
(6)考查副词。句意:当然在假期期间,这种植物是绝对必要的事物。此处副词形式作
状语,故填 Certainly。
(7)考查介词。句意:竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with
固定短语,“与……相联系”,故填 with。
(8)考查非谓语动词。句意:它们很容易照顾,也很适合作为礼物。此处是“be +形容词 +
to do”句式,故填 to care。
(9)考查形容词。句意:美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾,做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名
词 branches,用形容词,故填 beautiful。
(10)考查冠词。句意:雪还在融化时,梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指,所以序数
词 first 前要加定冠词,故填 the。