2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习之语法填空篇专题03 语法填空（解析版）

2021 高考英语真题分类拔高练习 03 1.（2014·上海）My Stay in New York After graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York,________I might have a better chance to find a good job. ________ (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local café as a waiter. I believe that________ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once. Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already ________ (exhaust) shoulder. On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had just said that ________ I want to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps ________my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected. Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty________ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration, I eventually decided to go back to my small town. Not until I returned ________I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me. 【答案】 where；To earn；as soon as/ as long as；exhausted；if；what；adapting；did 【解析】大学毕业后，我一直无法在我居住的小镇找到一份固定的工作。所以我决定离开 家乡纽约,那里可能有更好的机会找到一份好工作。赚一些钱来支付日常开支,我开始在当地 的咖啡馆工作作为一个服务员。随着时间的推移,高昂的生活成本我已经变得有点负担。另 一方面，我寻找一份体面的工作却没有取得多大的成功。由于我在大学学的是文学，我发 现很难在大公司找到一份合适的工作。妈妈刚刚说——我想要一个更好的职业发展,我不得 不在城里找到工作。也许母亲告诉我的话深深扎根于我的脑海里。我只是按照她的期望做 了。 不久我在这个城市住了六个多月，但我还是不喜欢它。显然,我很难适应自己的城市生活,更 不用说找到一份我所喜爱的工作。经过九个月的挫折，我最终决定回到我的小镇。我意识 到一个安静的城市生活对我来说才是最好的。 语法填空（1）考查定语从句。句意：我决定到纽约，在那里我可能会有机会找到更好的工作。这里 使用定语从句，先行词是 New York,定语从句中缺少地点状语，用 where 引导定语从句。 （2）考查非谓语动词。为了挣钱付日常开销，我开始在当地咖啡店做服务员。这里用不定 式做目的状语，填 To earn。 （3）考查连词。句意：我相信只要我被提供一个好的职位，我就立刻辞职。“as soon as/ as long as”“只要，一旦”。 （4）考查形容词。句意：过了一段时间，高生活成本在我已经疲惫的肩膀成了一个负担。 exhausted 形容词，“疲惫的”作定语，故填 exhausted。 （5）考查连词。句意：妈妈说过，如果我想有个更好的事业的进步，我就得到城市里面 找工作。if ”如果“，引导条件状语从句。 （6）考查主语从句。句意：妈妈说的话深深的扎根到我的思想中了。what 引导的是主语从 句。 故填 what。 （7）考查动名词。句：很显然我适应城市的生活有困难。have difficulty in doing sth，固定 句型，”做......有困难“，所以填动名词 adapting。 （8）考查倒装句。句意：直到我回来我才发现安静的小镇生活对我才是最好的。Not until 放在句首，后面的主句要倒装。用助动词 did 提到主语前面。 2.（2014·上海）任务型阅读 The giant vending machine (自动售货机) is a new village shop Villagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. However, help is now nearer at hand in form of the country’s first automatic push-button shop. Now residents in the Derbyshire Village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week. Peter Fox, who is________electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project. The machine ________ (equip) with securing cameras and alarms and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window. Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention,________ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities. He said:“ I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn’t find a manufacture who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by________ The result is what amounts to huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I think the term “automatic shop” is far ________ (appropriate) In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains________ force village shops across the country to close. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed,________ (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new communities stores. Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their won volunteer-run shops, but Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution________these villages without a local shop. 【答案】 an；is equipped；which；myself；more appropriate；has forced；urging；to 【解析】一个电力工程师花了两年半的时间从事的项目，在没有商店的村子安装自动售货 机，想给没有商店的村子提供一个解决的方法。 （1）考查冠词。句意：一个电力工程师花了两年半的时间从事这个项目。泛指“一个电力 工程师，用不定冠词，electrical 是元音开头的单词，所以用 an。 （2）考查语态和时态。句意：这个机器配备有安全摄像机和警报。be equipped with ,固定 短语“配备有…”因为主语是单数，所以用 is equipped。 （3）考查定语从句。这句话是非限制性定语从句，先行词是 invention，定语从句中缺少主 语用 which 引导定语从句，故填 which。 （4）考查代词。根据上文的句子：可知没有生产商愿意将他的想法生产出来，所以他就自 己做了。by oneself 固定短语“独自”，填 myself 。 （5）考查形容词。句意：我想用“自动商店”这个名字更合适。Far 后面接形容词的比较级： more appropriate。 （6）考查时态。句意：近几年，来自超市连锁店的压力已经迫使乡村商店关门，实际上 recent years，和现在完成时连用，因为主语是 pressure 所以谓语是单数：has forced。 （7）考查非谓语动词。句意：估计有 400 家乡村商店关闭了，强烈要求政府提供经济支持 给这些濒临倒闭的商店或是建立新的社区商店。这里用现在分词做状语，故填 urging。 （8）考查不定式。句意：Fox 先生希望这个新的发明给没有商店的村子提供一个解决的方 法。offer sth to sb.固定短语“提供给某人某物，”所以填 to。3.Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. access B. alternatives C. designed D. confirmed E. conflicting F. elements G. function H. innovative I. prospective J. separate K. supporting Considering how much time people spend in effects, it is important that with A be well designed. Well-designed office spaces help create a corporation’s image. They motivate workers and they make an impression on people who visit and might be potential, or________ , customers. They make business work better, and they are a part of the corporate culture to live in. As we move away from an industrial-based economy to a knowledge-based one, office designers come up with ________ to the traditional work environments of the past. The design industry has moved away from a fixed office setup and created more flexible “strategic management environments.” These ________ solutions are meant to support better organizational performance. As employee hierarchies （等级制度）have flattened or decreased, office designers’ response to this change has been to move open-plan areas to more desirable locations within the office and create fewer formal private offices. The need for increased flexibility has also been ________ by changes in workstation design. Office and work spaces often are not ________ to a given person on a permanent basis. Because of changes to methods of working, new design allow for expansion or movement of desks, storage, and equipment within the workplace. Another important design goal is communication, which designers have improved by breaking the walls that ________ workstations. Designers have also created informal gathering places and upgraded employees’________ to heavily trafficked areas such as copy and coffee rooms. Corporate and institutional office designers often struggle to resolve a number of competing and often ________ demands, including budgetary limits, employees hierarchies and technological innovation (especially in relation to computerization). These demands must also be balanced with the need to create interiors (内饰) that in some way enhance, establish or possess a company’s image and will enable employees to ________ and their best.All these ________ of office design are related. The most successful office designs are like good marriage—the well-designed office and the employees that occupy it are seemingly made for each other. 【答案】 I. prospective；B . alternatives；H. innovative；D.confirmed；C. designed；J. separate ；A. access；E. conflicting；G. function；F. elements 【解析】1. 根据划线部分前面的单词 potential （形容词，潜在的）和 or（表并列，意为或 者），可以知道答案是一个形容词且意思和潜在的是相近的。结合备选答案及单词意思， 只有 prospective （adj. 未来的; 预期的; 可能的; 有希望的;）符合。 2. 本句的句意是随着我们从以工业为基础的经济转移到知识为基础的经济，办公室设计者 已经想出了一些替代传统工作环境的事物。根据划线部分前后的介词可以知道该空应该填 一个名词。在备选答案中是名词的选项有三个，分别是 alternatives(adj.替代的;另类的;备选 的;其他的:n 可供选择的 事物)，elements(成分;原理，基础;要素)，function(n.功能，作用, 应变量，函数;职务二重大 聚会;)。结合句意，不难得出答案。 3. 根据划线部分后面的名词 solutions（解决办法）可以知道该空应该是填一个形容词，又 根据划线部分前面的代词 These 可以知道，后面所说的内容其实是指代前一句话的内容“设 计工厂已经把一个固定的办公室转变为一个创造性地灵活环境”。备选答案中能够和创造性 同义的词就只有这个选项 innovative 革新的. 4. 根据划线部分前面的 has also been 以及划线部分后面的 by changes，这是典型的被动语 态的结构形式 have/has been done by sth.所以可以知道答案选项应该是过去分词形式。备选 的答案有 assigned（分派）；confirmed（确认），根据句意可以知道答案是 confirmed. 5. 根据划线部分前面的 are 及主语 offices and work spaces (物作主语)，也可以判断该题应该 是过去分词形式，表被动。结合上一题(第 4 题)剩下的备选答案，通过语意判断，该句表达 的是办公室及工作空间不是分派给一个人永久使用。所以答案为 assigned. 6. 该句意为另一个重要的设计目标就是交流，这意味着设计者已经通过降低分割工作空间 的墙来改善。根据划线部分前面的 that 以及前面的二:，可以判断这是一个定语从句，修饰 墙。再根据句意中的交流，不能得出答案是分割的;separate.7. 根据划线部分前面的 employees'这个名词所有格及划线部分后的介词，可以知道这个空 格要填名词形式。如果从搭配的角度来看，基本可以确定答案为 access, access to 的意思是 进入。如果按照意思来排除，也可以知道答案是 access。本句意为“设计者也创造了一个非 正式的聚会地方，同时也更新了员工进入如复印室和咖啡屋之类的地方。” 8. 根据划线部分前面的结构 competing(竞争的)and，可以知道，空格应该填写一个和 competing 结构上相同(动名词形式)，意思是相近的。在备选答案中，动名词的形式有两个: conflicting(相矛盾的，冲突的)和 supporting(支持的)。综合分析，conflicting 才是和 competing 才是答案。 9. 本句意为“这种要求要注意均衡内饰的需要和使得员工起到最好的作用，内饰在一定程度 上，可以加强，建立或促进公司的形象。”根据划线部分前面的 to，结合搭配 enable sb to do sth 可以知道空格填动词形式，而且是原形。到现在的备选答案只有 function，所以答案就 是它了。另外，要注意 function 可以做不及物动词动词及名词。 10. 根据划线部分的前面是 these，后面是 of 可以知道空格要填的是一个名词形式。再根据 these 的指代作用，知道这个名词应该是一个还有概括意义的词。综合上面的题目，剩下的 备选答案是 elements（要素）和 supporting（支持），其中 supporting 词性不对，这也表明 supporting 是多余的那种选项。所以答案是 elements. 本句意为“所有的这些办公室要素都有 关联”. 6. 此题的关键是结合上下文以及能够通过划线部分词前后的句子结构来解答。这考查的是 一项综合的能力。从词性上来说，该空所填的是动词形式。动词也是这道题目考查比较多 的一种词性，因此在平时的学习中一定要注意动词的记忆以及用法的掌握。 7. 此题的关键是结合上下文以及能够通过划线部分词前后的句子结构来解答。另外此题还 考查到了搭配 access to ,而且 access 既可以做动词也可以做名词，需要根据上下文句子意思 综合进行判断。同时，对于其他备选名词 elements（因素）和 function（功能）也要了解。 8.正确解答该题，需要具备几种能力，首先要对划线部分的前后使用的连词及相关的一些意 思接近的词，在结合句意综合得出答案。但要注意这种同义不像中文的那么明显，需要通 过理解分析才能够得出答案。在英语中这叫释义(paraphrase}:归属于语义解释的范畴，简单 的释义限于在词与词进行，可认为是同义词的互换。9. 正确解答该题必须对有一些固定结构要非常的了解，根据所提示的上下文内容打开思路， 逐步缩小备选答案，再进行排除。当答案答案范围缩小到一两个的时候，基本上根据句意 就可以判断出正确的答案了。不过要注意单词的一词多性用法。 10. 接到此题除了对单词的意思及用法有所了解以外，还需要能够运用语法知识分析划线部 分要填的词性和正确运用排除法进行筛选备选答案。相对而言，最后一道题目，也就剩下 两个备选答案了。这个时候还可以检查之前的题目。 4.Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Gift from a stranger My local supermarket is always busy. The first parking space I found was convenient, but I'd noticed a woman in a blue car circling for a while. ________ I was in a good mood, I let her have it. On the edge of the car park I backed into the next available spot—it was a tight fit. Pretty soon I'd made my way through the supermarket and was back in the fresh air. Feeling good, I ________ (empty) my purse change into the hands of a homeless man and helped a struggling woman reverse park（倒车）. Just as I approached my car, 1 saw the woman I'd let have my car space earlier. She was giving me ________ odd look—half puzzled, half intent (热切的). I smiled and wished her a pleasant day. As I squeezed back into my car, I spotted the same lady ________ (look) in at me. "Hello," she said, hesitantly. "This ________ sound crazy but I was on my way to drop some of my mother's things off at the charity bins.” You are just so much________ her.” You helped those people, I noticed, and you seemed so happy.” She looked at me meaningfully and passed a box in through the window. “I think she would like you to have it.”________ (shock), I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away. After a pause, I opened the box. Inside was a beautiful gold necklace with a large grey pearl. It was________ (nice) gift I'd ever received, and it was from a complete stranger. The necklace was around my neck, a warm reminder of human kindness. 【答案】 As/Because/Since；emptied；an；looking；might/may；like；Shocked；the nicest 【解析】1.根据句子成分分析，句子有两个谓语（was 和 let ),其中 let sb do sth 是固定用法，所以得 出所填空格为连词。根据划线部分后的句意“我心情很好，我让她用这个”分析，前后句子 构成一种因果的关系，所以答案为 Because。又因为 As 和 since 作为连词时也可以表示因为， 所以答案也可以是 As 和 Since。此外，也要注意大写首字母。 2.根 据句子结构分析，空格前面的 I 是主语，划线部分填写的是谓语的形式。根据句意“心 情很好，我清空了钱包的零钱给一个无家可归的男士以及帮助了一个女士倒 车”以及中间 的连词 and 后面的谓语 helped，可以知道该空填的是一般过去式，又由于 empty 单词最后 一个字母 y，要进行变化，所以答案是 emptied. 3.本句的句意是她给了我一个奇怪的表情，一半困惑，一半热切。根据句子的结构形式分析： 破折号后面是一个解释说明的作用。结合划线部分后面是一个形容词加名词的情况，可以 知道该空，应该是填写冠词。又由于形容词 odd 是以元音开头，所以答案是 an. 4.该句前面 As I squeezed back into my car 是一个状语从句，根据句子成分分析，主句已经 有了谓语形式 saw,所以判断空格应该是一个非谓语的形式。由于 see 有一个用法是 see sb doing,用于看到正在进行的事情。结合句意“当我倒车的时候，我看到同样这个女性在看着 我”，综合可以得出答案。 5.本题难度较大；细心观察分析可以看到本句（This (29) _____sound crazy）中 sound 为原 形，后面所使用的谓语形式是过去式 was，那么可以判断该空应该是填写情态动词。在这 里面是表示一种可能的猜测而且可能性不大，所以答案是 might/may 6.分析该空的句子结构，You 为主语 are 为系动词，just so much 为状语，me 为宾语，可以 得知，划线部分应该是填一个介词，构成主+be+介词+宾语的结构。根据句意，你和她非常 的像。可以知道该空的答案是 like. 7.划线部分后接逗号，单独一个词作状语。该词在句中能作状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子， 根据句意“非常震惊，我自动从她手中接过。”由于是用于指我震惊，所以用词是 ed 结尾， 另外，shocked 分词的形式是作为形容词，它常用作状语。 8.根据划线部分后的表达“gift I'd ever received”,意为我曾经收到的礼物。其中隐含的一个意 思就是收到礼物中最好的一个，隐含一个最高级。整一个句子的意思是，这是我收到的最 好的一个礼物。另外最高级的形容词前面还需要一个 the，所以答案是 the nicest.