2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习之语法填空篇专题05 语法填空（解析版）

2021 高考英语真题分类拔高练习 05 1.（2019·新课标Ⅱ卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确 形式。 A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for ________ （be）Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， ________ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have ________（final）been acknowledged after a customer nominated（提 名）her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year. Picking up her "Lifetime Achievement" award，proud Irene ________（declare） she had no plans ________ （retire） from her 36-year-old business. Irene said," I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ________（make） over the years. I work not because I have to, ________ because I want to.” Granddaughter Gayle Parks ， 31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said，"We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call ________ （say）she was short-listed，we thought it was ________ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's ________ (wonder）." 【答案】 being；which；finally；declared；to retire；have made；but；saying；a；wonderful 【解析】 （1）考查动名词。常见的介词有 for, about , with , from 等，后面动词得加 ing。for 是介词，后跟动名词，故答案为 being。 （2）考查定语从句。前面有逗号，所以是非限制性定语从句，代替物，修饰先行词 the pet shop，关系词在从句中作 open 的宾语，故答案为 which。 （3）考查副词。此处修饰动词 have been acknowledged，所以将形容词 final 改为副词。故 答案为 finally。 （4）考查动词的时态。根据句子结构可知此处是句子的谓语，根据后面宾语从句中的 had 可知是一般过去时，故答案为 declared。 （5）考查动词不定式作定语。a plan to do sth 做某事的计划，故答案为 to retire。 语法填空 （6）考查动词的时态。此处是定语从句，I 是句子的主语，根据后面的 over the years 可知 用现在完成时。故答案为 have made。 （7）考查连词的用法。句意：我工作不是因为生活所迫，而是因为我想工作。not……but…… 不是……而是……。故答案为 but。 （8）考查非谓语动词。此处作定语，修饰 call，与 say 构成主动关系，用现在分词，故答 案为 saying。 （9）考查冠词的基本用法。joke 是可数名词，前用不定冠词 a，表示“一个笑话”，故答案 为 a。 （10）考查形容词。be+形容词，构成系表结构，故答案为 wonderful。 2.（2019·新课标Ⅰ卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确 形式。 The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence ________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ________ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide. Modem methods ________ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ________ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ________ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ________ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by ________ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating( 聚 集 ) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ________ (high) than they actually are. Of ________ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ________ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 【答案】 that；poorly；of/for；to perform；have reported；belief；noting；higher；the；are 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍北极熊的分布和数量等相关信息。 （1）考查名词性从句。这是同位语从句，解释 evidence（证据），故答案为 that。 （2）考查形容词转换副词。此处修饰 studied，故用副词，故答案为 poorly。 （3）考查介词的搭配。由空格后的动名词可知此处需要介词，指追踪北极熊数量的方法，故答案为 of 或 for。 （4）考查非谓语动词。主+系+形容词+to do……。此处句意为：追踪北极熊数量的方法在 很大范围内一直进行的话是很昂贵的。故答案为 to perform。 （5）考查动词的时态。In recent years 是现在完成时的标志，故答案为 have reported。 （6）考查词性转换。 由 a 可知此处用 believe 的名词，故答案为 belief。 （7）考查非谓语动词。 by+v-ing 表示“通过……”，故答案为 noting。 （8）考查形容词的比较级。由 than 可知此处用比较级，故答案为 higher。 （9）考查冠词的用法。句意：在 19 个公认的北极熊亚种中……。此处表示特指 ，故用定 冠词 the。 （10）此处考查谓语。根据前一句 three are declining 可知此处用一般现在时，故答案为 are。 3.（2018·浙江）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正 确形式。 Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese________(dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners ________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ________can be to eat out. I still remember________(visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years and I________(shock) when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time. While regularly eating out seems to________(become) common for many young people in recent years, it's not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be________(afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even________(high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in ________(weigh) problems. If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum's home ________dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket. 【答案】 dishes；who/that；it；visiting；was shocked；have become；affordable；higher； weight；for 【解析】本文谈论自己做饭的好处：不仅有趣，有益于健康，而且很省钱。（1）考查名词的单复数，dish 菜，是可数名词，用复数表示泛指，故答案为 dishes。 （2）此处考查定语从句，先行词 westerners 指人，关系代词在从句中做主语，用 who 或者 that，故答案为 who/that. （3）考查 it 作形式主语的用法。宾语从句中缺少主语，而且指代 to eat out，所以用 it 作形 式主语，故答案为 it。 （4）考查 remember 的用法，remember to do 记得要做，remember doing,记得做过。此处表 明记得拜访过，故答案为 visiting. （5）考查被动语态。句意：我仍然记得我拜访过在这里住了五年的一个朋友，并且当我得 知她甚至一次都没有做过饭的时候，我被震惊了。此处我被某一个事实所震惊到，用被动 语态，句子是一般过去时，be 动词用 was，加上过去分词 shocked，故答案为 was shocked. （6）考查 seem 的用法。seem to have done,表明不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前，故答案 为 have become. （7）考查词性转化，be+adj,构成系表结构，所以此处用形容词，故答案为 affordable. （8）考查形容词的比较级。high 形容词，而此处仍然需要形容词，even 修饰比较级，故答 案为 higher. （9）考查名词作定语。名词作定语表类别用处，此处指重量方面的问题，故答案为 weight. （10）考查介词的固定搭配。go to sp for dinner 去某处吃饭，故答案为 for. 4.（2018·全国卷Ⅲ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形 式。 I'm not sure ________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ________ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the ________(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ________(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel________(challenge). My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ________(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching ________ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried. When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ________(they) alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ________(mean)me no real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ________ (stay)and watch. 【答案】 which；the；loudest；looking；challenged；scientist；for；them；meant；to stay 【解析】本文讲述作者在中非的森林里偶遇大猩猩的经过。 （1）考查宾语从句连词的使用，由后面的 me or the female gorilla 可知表示选择，故答案为 which（哪一个）。 （2）考查冠词。at the top of one's lung 是固定表达，表示“歇斯底里地叫喊”，故答案为 the。 （3）考查最高级。根据提示 loud 可知此处应该用形容词，通过 the 以及 of all 可以推断此 处是在做对比，所以用 loud 的最高级，故答案为 loudest。 （4）考查非谓语动词。avoid doing 避免做某事，句意：我低下身子，避免与星星眼神接触 ，故答案为 looking。 （5）考查系表结构。feel 是系动词，后面通常跟形容词作表语。根据句意可知作者无法直 视大猩猩是为了让它不会感到在受挑战，故答案为 challenged，受到挑战的。 （6）考查词形转换。根据句意可知作者的身份应是科学家而不是科学，故答案为 scientist。 （7）此处表示看到这三只大猩猩而发出尖叫，短语：scream for 因……而尖叫。故答案为 for 。 （8）考查代词的使用。作者很高兴发现了三只活着的大猩猩，作 find 的宾语用 them，故 答案为 them。 （9）考查动词的时态。 由上下文可知此处用一般过去时，动词用过去时，故答案为 meant。 （10）考查非谓语动词，掌握 allow sb to do sth（允许某人做某事），故答案为 to stay。