2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习之语法填空篇专题07 语法填空（解析版）

2021 高考英语真题分类拔高练习 07 1.（2017·新课标Ⅱ卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确 形式。（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ________ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and ________ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, ________(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over________ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced. Steam engines ________(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been________(fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using________every day. Later, engineers ________(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the ________(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most ________(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public. 【答案】 crowds；from；laying；the；were used；fairly；it；managed；introduction ；successful 【解析】 ⑴terrible 的意思是糟糕的，是形容词的属性，所以用来修饰名词，而 crowd 是可数名词， 前面没有冠词，故用复数表示泛指，故填 crowds。 句意：1863 年，世界上第一个地铁客站在伦敦开放。它只运行 7 公里，让人们避开上面的 上下班时的拥挤的人群。 ⑵这里考查一个短语：to and from work 上下班。故填 from。From...to，表示从...到 语法填空⑶句意：这个地铁花了三年时间才完工，用一种有趣的方法建的。这包括挖开路面，铺设 铁轨然后在它的上面建一个结实的顶。根据 and building 可知是三个并列的动名词，故填 laying。 ⑷此处指在地铁的上面，是特指，故填 the。 ⑸句意：蒸汽机被用来牵引车厢。根据上下文可知指过去的被动，故填 were used。 ⑹句意：有那么多的烟和噪音，对于乘客们来说肯定是非常的令人不愉快的。此处修饰形 容词 unpleasant，故用副词 fairly。 ⑺句意：然而，地铁很快证明是非常成功的，在六个月内，超过 2.5 万人在每天用地铁。此 处指地铁，故填 it。 ⑻句意：后来，工程师们设法在更深的隧道建铁路，这就是著名的管道运输。此处是句子 的谓语，本文全篇都是一般过去时，所以这里也应用一般过去时，故填 managed. ⑼句意：随着电动机和电梯的引进这个发展才变得可能。由 the 可知此处是名词，故填 introduction。 ⑽句意：伦敦中心地铁站是这些新的线路中最成功的。由 the most 可知用形容词构成最高 级，故填 successful。 2.（2017·新课标Ⅰ卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确 形式。(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界）________a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side________(effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required________(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt________(remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As ________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even ________ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food ________ (be) full of fat and salt; by ________ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be ________ (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ________ is not good for the health. 【答案】 as；effects；to process；are removed；a；worse；is；eating；careful；which 【解析】 ⑴句意：近来在食品服务行业有一种低脂肪低盐的趋势。这种趋势由医学界作为一种抗心 脏病的方式发起的。故填介词 as，作为 ⑵句意：这种趋势已经产生了一些意想不到的副作用，如超重和心脏疾病——恰恰是医学 界想努力战胜的。side effect 副作用。由 some 可知此处用名词的复数形式，故填 effects。 ⑶句意：脂肪和盐是饮食中重要的组成部分。我们需要它们来加工我们所吃的食物来恢复 身体的伤害和其它几项身体功能。require sb to do sth 要求某人做某事，此处用被动形式 sb is required to do sth 某人被要求做某事。故填 to process。 ⑷句意：当脂肪和盐被人们从食物中去掉以后，这些食物尝起来好像缺了什么东西。fat and salt 与 remove 之间构成被动关系，故用被动语态，所以填 are removed。 ⑸句意：因此，人们会吃更多的食物来弥补那些缺少的东西。词组：as a result 作为结果； 因此。故填 a。 ⑹句意：更糟糕的是，人们吃的快餐的量就增加了。故填 worse。 ⑺句意：餐食物中充满了脂肪和盐。fast food 的意思是“快餐”，表示一类食物，为不可数名 词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填 is。 ⑻句意：通过吃更多的快餐，人们将在饮食中摄入超过需求量的脂肪和盐。by 是介词，后 跟动词-ing 形式表示“通过……方式”，所以填 eat 的动名词形式。故填 eating。 ⑼句意：然而，注意不要走极端。be 后面应该用形容词做表语，故填 careful。 ⑽句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。由后面的 is not good for the health.可知此处需要关联词，通过分析可知这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是前文中的 have too much of both“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”，故填 which。 3.（2016·上海）语法填空。 (B) Stress: Good or Bad? Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed. In recent years, stress ________ (regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress ________ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the ________ (good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though, further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when youare over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself ________ numberof questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of________, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient or ________ (annoy) with people over unimportant things? If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better ________ (control) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you. To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12, etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely ________ (get) ill. 【答案】 has been regarded；that；better；a；you；annoyed；control；to get 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉我们压力成为了我们生活中常见的一个词汇，一定 范围之内的压力能促进我们的工作，但一旦压力过大，就会给我们的生活带来很多负面的 影响。 ①has been regarded 考查时态和语态。本句的时间状语是 In recent years 最近几年以来，该 时间状语通常和现在完成时连用，且句子主语 stress 与动词 regard 构成被动关系，所以使用 现在完成时的被动语态形式 has been regarded。 ②that 考查强调句型。强调句型的基本结构为 It is/was+被强调成分+that/who+其它成分。 其最大的特点是去掉 It is/was 和 that/who，句子仍然成立。注意强调句型能强调除谓语动词 以外的所有的句子成分。本句强调的是句子的主语 only too much stress。③better 考查固定句式。“the + 比较级， the +比较级”意为“越……就越……“。句意：你 承受的压力越来越大，你的表现越来越好。所以本空使用 good 的比较级形式 better。 ④a 考查固定短语。a number of 许多，大量；该短语通常作定语修饰可数名词复数形式， 本句中使用 a number of 修饰可数名词复数形式 questions。 ⑤you 考查代词。 句意：例如，你是否感觉到对你的期待的太多了？本句的主语是 you， 所以仍然使用宾格 you 做介词 of 的宾语。 ⑥annoyed 考查形容词。annoyed 恼怒的，该词是由过去分词转换而来的形容词，通常修饰 人。本句中该词和 impatient 构成并列关系一起和系动词 get 构成系表结构。 ⑦control 考查固定搭配。had better do sth.最好做某事；had better 是情态动词，后面要接动 词原形。 ⑧to get 考查形容词短语。be likely to do sth.可能做某事。句意：如果你生活中的压力超过 150，你就非常有可能生病了。 30.（2016·上海）阅读短文，根据短文内容，在空白处填入一个适当的单词，必要时进行词 形变化。 4 (A) Bags of Love Last year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother's house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries. After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly — we were always suddenly out of something. ________ (wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and ________ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in ________ she distributed it to children. I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —why would she not want to tell me about what she ________ (do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop ________ (buy) the groceries if I found out? When she got home, I told her about my discovery. ________ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn't need to keep it a secret ________me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by ________ selfless she was. 【答案】 Wondering；what；which；had done；buying；Before；from；how 【解析】本文是篇记叙文，作者在无意中发现妈妈在偷偷地帮助困境中的儿童，赞美了妈 妈善良无私的美丽品质。 ① Wondering 考查现在分词作状语。动词 wonder 与本句主语 I 构成主动关系，所以使用现 在分词 wondering 在句中作状语。 在句中作状语。 ②what 考查主语从句。此处 what 引导主语从句，what happened 在句中作主语。句意： 发生的事情真的让我很惊讶。 ③which 考查定语从句。此定语从句的先行词是 the refugeecamp，指物，关系代词在定语 从句中作介词 in 的宾语，故用 which，in which 相当于关系副词 where。 ④had done 考查时态。根据上下文可知，＂我＂被派到妈妈家附近工作，这是过去发生 的事情，而妈妈帮助难民是我来这里工作之前就发生的事情，所以使用过去完成时表示过 去的过去发生的事情。 5buying 考查动词短语。stop to do sth.停下来去做另外一件事情；stop doing sth.停止做某事 。句意：妈妈是担忧如果我发现了这件事情我的反应是什么或者担忧我不再给她买食品杂 货吗？根据句意可知使用 stop doing sth.。 ⑥Before 考查连词。 before 引导时间状语从句，此处意为“还没来得及……就……”。句意： 她还没有来得及反应过来，我就给了她一个大大的拥抱并告诉她这件事情不必对我保密。 ⑦from 考查动词短语。keep a secret from sb 向某人保密。句意：她还没有来得及反应过来， 我就紧紧地抱着她并告诉她这件事情不必对我保密。 ⑧how 考查宾语从句。本句中表语从句 how selfless she was 做介词 by 的宾语，因为 selfless 是形容词，所以使用 how 来引导这个从句，用法和感叹句类似。