高中英语-情态动词的教案（5课时）

情态动词（Modal Verbs） 共 6 课时 Period 1 Studying Aims: 1. know more about the Modal Verbs. 2. Create the student’s interests of English. 3. Master the usage about “can.may.must.need.had better”and so on. Studying Important and Difficult Points: Master the usage about “can.may.must.need.had better” Check list before class: Definition:____________________________________ Studying Procedure: Step1.Lead-- in 1.教师提问：情态动词都有哪些？ 2.师生之间相互问候，引出情态动词。 Step2:Presentation 一.情态动词有 can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to 等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独 使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。 二．情态动词的用法 1. can 用法 1）表示能力，与 be able to 同义，但 can 只用于现在时和过去时，be able to 可用 于各种时态。 Two eyes can see more than one. 注：Can you … ? Yes, I can / No, I can’t. I’ll not be able to come this afternoon. 当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用 be able to，不能用 Can。如： He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. 2). 表示允许、请求 用 could 比 can 语气更加委婉客气，常用于 could I /you …..? 句型中，若表示同 意时，用 can 回答而不用 could. Could I borrow the book ? No, you can’t. -----Can I go now? ----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. 此时可与 may 互换。在疑问句中还可用 could,might 代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。 ---- Could I come to see you tomorrow? ---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. ) 3). 表示推测 “可能”（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度）,常用于否定句.疑问句和感 叹句中。（can’t 表示一定不是） Can this be true? This can’t be done by him. How can this be true? It can’t be true. Can it be true? 4) 表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。 They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. This hall can hold 500 people at least. 2. may 用法 1）表允许，请求= can 表示许可或征求对方的许可，常于第一人称连用。 注：May I ….? Yes, you may. No, you can’t / mustn’t. 用 May I...？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用 Can I...？在口语中更常见。 在回答以 may 引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如 Yes, please. / Certainly. might 比 may 语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用 can’t 或 mustn’t，表 示“不可以，禁止”。 ----Might/ May I smoke in this room? ---- No, you mustn’t. ---- May/Might I take this book out of the room? ---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. ) 2）表推测，可能、也许。常用于肯定句中。might 不是过去式，它所表示的可能 性比 may 小。 1．He may /might be very busy now. Maybe he knows the news. = He _____ _____ the news.3）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 May you succeed! Step3：Do Exercises Step4:Summary Step5:Homework Do your exercises. Step6：Self--reflection 教学反思： Period 2 Studying Aims: 1.know more about the Modal Verbs. 2.Create the student’s interests of English. 3.Master the usage about “can.may.must.need.had better”and so on. Studying Important and Difficult Points: Master the usage about “can.may.must.need.had better” Check list before class: Definition:____________________________________ Studying Procedure: Step1.Lead-- in Step2:Presentation 3. must 1）表示义务。意为“必须”（主观意志）。 We must do everything step by step. 注：Must I ….? Yes, you must / No, you needn’t (don’t have to ). --Must we hand in our exercise—books now? --No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to. 2）mustn’t 表禁止、不允许。 You mustn’t talk to her like that. 3）表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。否定、疑问句中 must 改为 can. He must be ill. He looks so pale. She’s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money. 注：must 表推测时，其反义疑问句与 must 后面的动词一致。 There must be something wrong, ____ ____? 4. need 的用法 need 既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要否定句或 疑问句中。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。 1). 用作情态动词，用于否定句和疑问句中。 a). Need I ….? Yes, you must / No, you needn’t . Need we finish the work today ? Yes you __? A. need B. can C. may D. must b). need + do sth . 变否定句：needn’t do sth 变疑问句：Need sb do sth ? 2). 用作实义动词 a). need + to do sth . We need _______(buy) some school things . 变否定句：don’t /doesn’t /didn’t +need to do sth . 变疑问句：Do / Does /Did sb + need to sth ? Yes , … do/ does / did No, sb don’t / doesn’t /didn’t. You don’t need to do it yourself. b). 当主语是物时。Sth + need + doing sth = Sth +need to be done . The table needs painting. =The table needs _____ _____ _____ . 5. had better 的用法 1). had better + 动词原形 = It’s best to do sth. You had better ______ (stay )at home. = _____ ______ ______ stay at home. 2). Had better not +动词原形 We had better ________(not play ) the computer games. 6. must, have to 1) 表示必须、必要。 You must come in time. 在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用 mustn’t（禁止，不准），而用 needn’t, don’t have to（不必）. ---- Must we hand in our exercise books today? ---- Yes, you must. ---- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t. 2) must 是说话人的主观看法， 即说话人认为必须干某事。而 have to“必须，不 得不”,则强调客观需要,即外界因素迫使某人不得不干某事。（外界原因）。Must 只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。 1． he play isn’t interesting, I really must go now. 一．2.I can’t stop playing the computer games. For your health, I’m afraid you ______. A. can B. may C. must D. had to Step3：Do Exercises Step4:Summary Step5:Homework Do your exercises. Step6：Self--reflection 教学反思： Period 3 Studying Aims: 1.know more about the Modal Verbs. 2.Create the student’s interests of English. 3.Master the usage about “can.may.must.need.had better”and so on. Studying Important and Difficult Points: Master the usage about “shall，will，would” Check list before class: Definition:____________________________________ Studying Procedure: Step1.Lead-- in Step2:Presentation Usage: shall　 　　1)用于第一人称征求对方的意见，如： 　　What shall I wear on the journey? 我路上穿什么好呢? 　　Shall we dance? 我们跳舞好吗? 2)shall 用于第二、三人称时表允诺，警告，命令，威胁(现已少见)，如： 　　She shall get her share. 她可以得到她的一份。 　　You shall have it back tomorrow.你明天可以将它拿回。 should 一般不应被认为是情态动词 shall 的过去式，主要用法有： 　　1)用于第一人称疑问句中询问对方的意愿，但语气较委婉温和，如： 　　What should we do now? 我们现在该怎么办? 　　2)表示应该、必须，常与 must 换用。例如 We should (must) master a foreign language at least. 　　我们应当至少掌握一门外语。　　3)“should+be+表语”的结构，表示推测或惊奇。例如： 　　They should be back by now. 他们现在应该回来了吧。 　　I am sorry that she should be so careless. 我感到遗憾她竟会那样粗心。 　　4)“should+have+过去分词”的结构，表示过去该做而实际上尚未做的动作 或行为;其否定则表示发生了不应该发生的行为。其同义结构“ought to have +过 去分词”,表示过去“早应该”、“本当”之意，语气较强。例如: I should have thought of that. 这一点我是应当想到的。(但没想到) 　　They should not have left so soon.他们不应当走得这么早。(但已走了) 　　5) 在“It is natural (strange, natural, necessary, surprised, impossible, important ) that……”句型中，主语从句中的谓语动词要用 should +动词原形”表示“理所当 然”、“奇怪”、“必要”、“惊异”等的意思。在 lest(以免)、for fear (that) (以防)、 in case(以备万一)等之后也要用 should+动词原形;在 advise, sugest, order, demand, request 等的从句中 should+do”例如： It is necessary that he(should) be sent there at once. 　　有必要马上派他到那里去。 　　It is strange that he should say so. 他会说这样的话真是奇怪。 　　Let us go at once lest we should be late for the train. 我们马上走吧，以免赶不上火车。 will 和 would 的用法 　　1)表示意志，决心或愿望。例如： 　　Surely we will support all the people in the world in their struggle for peace. 　　我们一定要支持全世界人民争取和平的斗争。 　　He would not let me try it . 　他不肯让我去试。 　　2)will 表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性，would 表示过去的习惯行为。 　　He will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by. 他会经常一连几个小时坐在那儿观看来往的车辆。 He would come to see me when he was in Beijing. 　　他在北京时，常来看望我。 　　3)用于第二人称作主语的疑问句中，表示对对方的请求，would 的语气比 will 委碗 　　Would/will you kindly tell me the way to the station? 请问到火车站怎么走? 　　4)表可能性 　　This will be the book you are looking for. He would come to see me when he was in Beijing. 他在北京时，常来看望我。 Step3：Do Exercises Step4:SummaryStep5:Homework Do your exercises. Step6：Self--reflection 教学反思： Period 4 Studying Aims: 1.know more about the Modal Verbs. 2.Create the student’s interests of English. 3.Master the usage about “can.may.must.need.had better”and so on. Studying Important and Difficult Points: Master the usage about “shall，will，would” Check list before class: Definition:____________________________________ Studying Procedure: Step1.Lead-- in Step2:Presentation Usage: 情态动词后跟完成式和进行式的用法 1. 情态动词后跟完成式，表“原本应该干某事，而实际上没干” I should have finished the work earlier. He isn’t here. He must have missed the train. 2. 情态动词后跟进行式，(即情态动词+ be + v-ing 形式)表示“想必正在……”， “可能正在……”，“应当正在”，表示推测或评论某动作现在是否正在进行等意。 It’s twelve o’clock. They must be having lunch. They may be discussing this problem. He can’t be telling the truth. He must be playing basketball in the room. She may be staying at home. 3.used to +v, be used to +v-ing 和 be used to +v 　　(1)used to +v 意为“过去常常”，“过去一直”;be used to +v-ing / n(名词)意为“习 惯于”;be used to +v 意为“被用来(做某事)”。 　　(2)used to 只表示过去，而 be used to +v-ing / n 可表示现在、过去或将来。 例如： 　　1)He used to smoke. Now he doesn’t. 　　2)He’s quite used to hard work / working hard.3)The knife is used to cut bread. 4.表推测的情态动词句子的反意疑问句 　　He must/may be in the room, isn’t he? 　　He can’t be in the room, is he? 　　He must have finished the work, hasn’t he? He may have done the work last night, didn’t he? 三．情态动词的同义转换. 1. can = be able to 2. must = have to 3. needn’t = don’t have to 4. need do sth = need to do sth . 　　情态动词语法讲解：用作情态动词的其他短语 　　would rather, would sooner, would (just) as soon, had rather, had better, had sooner, can not but, may (just) as well 等可用作情态动词。例如： 　　1)The soldier would sooner die than surrender. 　　2)The brave soldier would as soon die as yield to such an enemy. 　　3)I’d rather walk than take a bus. 　　4)If you don’t like to swim, you may just as well stay at home. 　　注：这些短语后一般直接跟动词原形.would (had) rather, would (had) sooner, would (just) as soon 后可跟 that 引导的从句，that 常省去，从句要用虚拟语气。 对现在和将来的假设用过去时，对过去的假设用过去完成时。例如： 　　1)I would rather you came on Sunday. 2)I would sooner you hadn’t asked me to speak yesterday. Step3：Do Exercises Step4:Summary Step5:Homework Do your exercises. Step6：Self--reflection 教学反思： Period 5 Exercises:　　情态动词语法练习题 　　1. May I stop my car here? 　　No, you____. 　　A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. don't have to 　　2. Must we clean the house now? 　　No, you _______. 　　A. needn't B. may not C. mustn't D. can't 　　3. John his father about his failure in the exam. 　　A. dares not tell B. dares not telling 　　C. dare not tell D. dares not to tell 　　4. You return the book now. You can keep it next week if you like. 　　A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. may not 　　5. Johnny, you play with the knife, you hurt yourself. 　　A. won't...can't B. mustn't...may 　　C. shouldn't, must D. can't...shouldn't 　　6. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone get out. 　　A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 　　7. Would you go out for a walk with me? 　　No, I . My girl friend is coming. 　　A. wouldn't B. shall not C. won't D. shouldn't 　　8. Man die without water. 　　A. will B. can C. need D. shall 　　9. If he started at 9 0'clock, he be there by now. 　　A. need B. shall C. ought to D. must 　　10. I mailed the letter two weeks ago. She_____it. 　　A. must receive B. can't receive C. might receive D. must have received 　　11.The professor gave orders that the experiment before 5:30p.m. 　　A. be finished B. will finish 　　C. must be finished D. would be finished 　　12. There was plenty of time. You_____. 　　A. mustn't hurry B. mustn't have hurried 　　C. needn't hurry D. needn't have hurried 　　13. Tom was a diligent boy. He go to school though it was raining hard. 　　was able to B. could C. couldn't D. wasn't able to 　　14. ______I go back before lunch? 　　No, I don't think you________. 　　A. Need...must B. Do...need to C. Must...have to D. May .... ought to　　15. The teacher do all the exercises, but a pupil_______. 　　A. needn't....must B. may not...must 　　C. needn't....needn't D. can't....must 　　16. Would you open the window please ? 　　Yes, I______. 　　A. will B. would C. do D. can 　　17. A lion only attacks a human being when it is hungry. 　　A. should B. can C. will D. shall 　　18. ____Must I finish this novel this morning ? 　　____No, you_____. 　　A. mustn't B. might not C. don't have to D. can't 　　19. The taxi ____ only hold six passengers. It is full. You take the next one. 　　A. may...may B. can...may C. may...can D. must...can 　　20. I ____ a little earlier, but I met a friend of mine on the way. 　　A. may come B. may have come C. could have come D. must have come 　　21. I wish to go home now,____ I? 　　A. may B. can't C. must D. do 　　答案： 　　1-10　　BACCB　　DCADD 11-20　　ADACA　　ACCBC Period 6 Exercises: 1.–May I sit beside you, sir? --- No, you ______. My girlfriend is coming soon. can’t B. may not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 2.-- _____ I speak to Mary, please? --Sorry, she____ come to the phone because she isn’t in. A. Might; won’t B. Can’t; mustn’t C. May; can’t D. Couldn’t; shouldn’t 3. --- I want to know if I _ smoke here. --- No, you____ . Could you see the sign “NO SMOKING” there? can; needn’t B. must; can’t C. shall; won’t D. may; mustn’t 4. My wife never remembers my telephone number. She always ____ look it up. A. must B. should C. would D. has to 5. --- ____ you pass me the English magazine, please? --- Sure. Here you are. Could B. Need C. Must D. Might 6. ---Must I go to work with you? --- No, you_____. Linda ______ go with me. A. mustn’t; can B. can’t; has to C. daren’t; should D. needn’t; may 7. --- __ I tell Mary the test results? --- No, you____. She’s already got the score. A. Will; won’t B. Shall; needn’t C. May; mustn’t D. Can; don’t 8. You ____ be careful when crossing here. The traffic lights aren’t working. A. might B. ought to C. could D. may 9. ---Could I borrow your bicycle? --- Yes, of course you_____. will B. should C. can D. need 10. Joan_____ come with us this afternoon, but she isn’t very sure yet. A. can B. may C. must D. will 11. I _____ ask you the question because I think I _____ be wrong. daren’t; must B. mustn’t; can C. needn’t; may D. can’t; should 12. It’s nearly eight o’clock. Mike _____ be here at any moment. A. need B. has to C. should D. can 13. The fire spread through the building very quickly but everyone ____ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 14.---What do you think of this answer? ---I don’t think it ____ be right. should B. might C. must D. can 15. --- Is John coming by train? --- He should, but he ___. He likes driving his car.A. can’t B. needn’t C. may not D. mustn’t 16. He doesn’t have to work tomorrow, but you have got to, ____ you? A.don’t B. haven’t C. haven’t got D. can’t 17. You_____ wake me up when I fall asleep, ______ you? A. haven’t better; have B. would not rather; would C. had better not; should D. had not better; must