21 届高二下学期第一次阶段考试
英语试卷
第一部分阅读
第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
In today’s fast-paced digital world,teens have less chance to have face-to-face connections and conversations
with others.When presented with an unfamiliar social situation,they may feel uncomfortable,and therefore they may
choose to avoid socializing.
Our two-day workshop will give them a good foundation of etiquette and manners as well as help prepare your
teen for many new social and business situations they will face as young adults.It will provide them with the
self-confidence,enthusiasm,and motivation,which are essential as they move into the next period of their lives.
The following topics will be covered in the two-day
workshop:
Day One,1:00-4:00 PM:
Proper Introductions
Handshakes &Eye
Contact
The Art of Small Talk
Leadership Qualities
How to Make a Positive First
Impression Be the Perfect Guest
Invitations&Thank-You
Notes
Day Two 1:00-4:00 PM:
Table Skills&Dining
Manners
Informal/Formal Place
Setting
,
Interviewing Tips For College&Job
Interviews Dressing the Part
Be a Good Listener
Interview Follow Up Calls&Thank-You
Notes Grooming(打扮)&Skin Care
Graduation Celebration
*Class size is limited to fourteen students,so early application is encouraged.
Note:Class is a two-day workshop.
Date:Sep.28&29th 2019
Time:1:00 pm-4:00pm
Price:$285.00/teen
Registration closes at 11:59 pm,Sep.21,2019
If you are interested in joining the two-day workshop,please fill out our Application Form online so we may
provide you with the further service.Please take advantage of our special application credit.
*Invite a friend to apply for the workshop and you can receive a$10.00 credit toward your course fee.
1. What’s the major goal of the two-day workshop?
A. To help participants know themselves.
B. To provide face-to-face business meetings.
C. To give lessons on future job interview preparations.
D. To help participants learn some skills about social life.
2. What can participants learn on the first day?
A. Get through college interviews. B. Make friends with small talks.
C. Behave properly at the table. D. Listen to others politely.
3. If Mr Green invites one neighbor’s son to the workshop,his son’s class will cost
A. $295.00 B. $285.00 C. $275.00 D. $265.00
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个为期两天的研讨会，研讨会主要目标是帮助参与者学习一些有关社
交生活的技能。文章介绍了两天研讨会的内容、价格等信息。
【1 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段 Our two-day workshop will give them a good foundation of etiquette and manners as
well as help prepare your teen for many new social and business situations they will face as young adults. It will
provide them with the self-confidence, enthusiasm ,and motivation, which are essential as they move into the next
period of their lives.可知我们为期两天的研讨会将为他们提供良好的礼仪基础，同时帮助你的孩子为他们成
年后将要面对的许多新的社交和商业环境做准备。这将给他们带来自信、热情和动力，这些对于他们进入
人生的下一个阶段至关重要。由此可推知，为期两天的研讨会的主要目标是帮助参与者学习一些有关社交
生活的技能。故选 D。
【2 题详解】
推理判断题。根据 Day One,1:00-4:00 PM 部分中 The Art of Small Talk(闲聊的艺术)由此可推知，参与者在第
一天可以学到通过闲聊结交朋友。故选 B。
【3 题详解】
细节理解题。根据 Price:$285.00/teen(价格：每个青少年 285.00 美元)以及最后一段*Invite a friend to apply for
the workshop and you can receive a$10.00 credit toward your course fee.( *邀请一位朋友申请研习班，你可以获得
10 美元的课程学分)由此可知，如果格林先生邀请一位邻居的儿子来研讨会，他儿子的课需要支付
285-10=275 美元。故选 C。
B
When I was younger, I was addicted to reading. I could get through a whole book in a day, and used to beg my
parents every night to let me stay up late so that I could just finish my chapter. From fairy-tales to thrillers,
non-fiction to plays, I enjoyed reading any literature that I could get my hands on.
However, while there are many books for younger children,once you reach your mid-teens the choices become
limited. I found myself choosing between books for children that were simple and not that interesting, and adult
books that I couldn’t quite understand.
This lack of choice eventually led me to read less and less.When I was in secondary school,the only books I read
were ones we were assigned in English class,and I was never very enthusiastic about my teacher’s choices.I thought
too much discussion of symbolism and themes ruined the book.Maybe the sky being blue didn’t represent
anything;maybe it was just a description!
Fortunately, I realized quickly that deciding to go to university meant I had signed up for four years of reading
books. I chose a French literature module in my first year. I started out, thinking I wouldn’t enjoy any of the works
we were studying over the course of the year.However,I soon realized that at a university level,the discussion was
more fruitful and I found I had a lot to say!And being able to discuss my thoughts with others meant I could better
understand the subtle aspects of the plot:yes,even the symbolism and themes.
I began reading again for pleasure starting with Malcolm X’s autobiography and never looking back. Now,
during my year abroad,I spend a lot of my spare time in bookshops and reading in cafes. I’m so happy that I
rediscovered my love of books.
4. What does the author intend to say in Paragraph 1?
A. She used to stay up late at night. B. She read very fast as a young girl.
C. She loved reading very much in her childhood. D. She once bought many different kinds of books.
5. Why did the author read less when she was a teenager?
A. She was really tired of reading books. B. She was too busy with her schoolwork.
C. She had no right to choose books herself. D. She found very few suitable books to read.
6. What made the author start reading for pleasure again?
A. Her reading experiences at university. B. Her professor of French literature.
C. A special bookstore abroad. D. A book by Malcolm X.
7. What’s the text mainly about?
A. The importance of discussing a book’s theme. B. The process of the author picking up reading.
C. The ways to form good reading habits. D. The author’s desire to read widely.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. D 7. B
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了作者小时候非常喜欢阅读，但是因为在十几岁的时候发现适合自己的书很少，
所以读书变少了。而上中学时作者读的书都是英语课上布置的，作者对老师的选择并不感兴趣。大学时，
作者更喜欢讨论，而不是阅读。到最后作者从 Malcolm X 的自传开始，才又重拾对阅读的乐趣。
【4 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段 When I was younger, I was addicted to reading. I could get through a whole book in a
day, and used to beg my parents every night to let me stay up late so that I could just finish my chapter. From
fairy-tales to thrillers, non-fiction to plays, I enjoyed reading any literature that I could get my hands on.可知当我年
轻的时候，我沉迷于阅读。我可以在一天内读完一整本书，并且曾经每天晚上都求父母让我睡得很晚，以
便我可以读完我的书。从童话到惊险小说，从非小说到戏剧，只要是我能拿到手的文学作品，我都喜欢看。
由此可推知，作者在第一段中想表达自己小时候非常喜欢读书。故选 C。
【5 题详解】
,
细节理解题。根据第二段 However, while there are many books for younger children, once you reach your
mid-teens the choices become limited. I found myself choosing between books for children that were simple and not
that interesting, and adult books that I couldn’t quite understand.可知然而，虽然有很多适合年幼孩子阅读的书，
但一旦到了 15 岁左右，你的选择就变得有限了。我发现自己在两种书中做出选择，一种是给孩子看的简单
但不那么有趣的书，另一种是给成人看的我不太懂的书。由此可知，作者在十几岁的时候读书少了是因为
她发现适合自己读的书很少。故选 D。
【6 题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中 I began reading again for pleasure, starting with Malcolm X’s autobiography....可知
从 Malcolm X 的自传开始，我又以阅读为乐了……由此可知，是 Malcolm X 的一本书让作者再次开始为乐
趣而阅读。故选 D。
【7 题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段 I began reading again for pleasure, starting with Malcolm X’s autobiography and
never looking back. Now, during my year abroad, I spend a lot of my spare time in bookshops and reading in cafes.
I’m so happy that I rediscovered my love of books.可知我以阅读为乐始于 Malcolm X 的自传，再也没有回头。
现在，在我出国的这一年里，我把很多业余时间都花在了书店和咖啡馆里。我很高兴我重新发现了我对书
籍的热爱。结合文章主要记叙了作者小时候非常喜欢阅读，但是因为在十几岁的时候发现适合自己的书很
少，所以读书变少了。而上中学时作者读的书都是英语课上布置的，作者对老师的选择并不感兴趣。大学
时，作者更喜欢讨论，而不是阅读。到最后作者从 Malcolm X 的自传开始，才又重拾对阅读的乐趣。由此
可知，这篇文章的主要内容是作者重拾阅读的过程。故选 B。
C
It’s often said that creative people see the world differently from the rest of us and a Harvard study is providing
one explanation.Scientists studied brain scans of people after asking them to come up with creative uses for
everyday objects.And they found a specific pattern of connectivity that correlated with the most creative responses.
“What this shows is that the creative brain works differently,”said Roger Beaty,the first author of the
study.Beaty and colleagues examined brain data from previous studies and found that,by simply measuring the
strength of connections in these people’s brain networks,they could estimate the originality of these people’s ideas.
While the data showed that regions across the brain were involved in creative thought,Beaty said the evidence
pointed to three subnetworks.And they were the default mode(默认状态)network,the salience(突出)network and
the executive(管理的)control network.They appear to play key roles in creative thought.The default mode network,
he said,is involved in memory and mental acting,so the theory is that it plays an important role in processes like
mind-wandering,imagination,and natural thinking.The salience network notices important information.When it
comes to creativity,it may be responsible for arranging the ideas that come from the default mode
network.Lastly,the executive control network works to help people keep their focus on useful ideas while getting rid
of those that aren’t working.Beaty said,“People who think more flexibly and come up with more creative ideas are
better able to use these networks that don’t typically work together and bring these systems online.”
Based on the results of that study,Beaty and colleagues developed a predictive model and tested against brain
scan data collected for earlier studies on creativity.“We used already-published data...we found that based on how
strong the connections are in these networks,we could guess pretty accurately how creative you’re going to be on a
task,”Beaty said.He added,“It’s also not clear whether this can be modified with some kind of training.Creativity is
complex,and we’re only working on the surface here.”
8. What were the participants asked to do in the study?
A. To tell scientists their different ways of seeing the world.
B. To show their special ways to connect with others.
C. To talk about their most exciting experiences.
D. To think of new uses of ordinary objects.
9. What does the underlined word“estimate”in Paragraph 2 mean?
A Improve. B. Judge. C. Spread. D. Praise.
10. The default mode network will influence a person when the person is .
A. giving up useless ideas B. organizing thoughts
C. making decisions D. brainstorming
11. What can we infer from Beaty’s words in the last paragraph?
A. The study is very helpful in determining one’s creativity levels.
B. We can become more creative with the help of some training.
C. Enough work has been done to better understand creativity.
D. Some people can be born with higher levels of creativity.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. B 11. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有创造力的人看世界的角度与我们其他人不同，哈佛大学的一项研究提供了
一种解释——他们发现一种特定的连接模式与最具创造性的反应相关。
【8 题详解】
.
细节理解题。根据第一段 Scientists studied brain scans of people after asking them to come up with creative uses
for everyday objects.可知，科学家在要求人们想出日常用品的创造性用途后，对他们的脑部扫描进行了研究。
由此可知，此项研究的参与者被要求思考普通物体的新用途。故选 D。
【9 题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线单词前文 Beaty and colleagues examined brain data from previous studies and found that,
by simply measuring the strength of connections in these people’s brain networks 可知，Beaty 和同事检查了以前
研究的大脑数据，发现通过简单地测量这些人的大脑网络中的连接强度，就可以……；由前文测量这些参
与者的大脑连接强度可知，此处划线单词是一个动词，意为“判断”，即判断这些人的想法的独创性。故选
B。
【10 题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段 The default mode network, he said, is involved in memory and mental acting, so the
theory is that it plays an important role in processes like mind-wandering, imagination,and natural thinking.可知，默
认模式网络与记忆和心理活动有关，所以理论上它在走神、想象和自然思考等过程中发挥着重要作用。由
此可知，如果默认模式网络影响一个人时，他正在组织他的思维。故选 B。
【11 题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段 We used already-published data...we found that based on how strong the connections
are in these networks, we could guess pretty accurately how creative you’re going to be on a task,可知，Beauty 告诉
我们，他们使用了已经公布的数据……他们发现，根据这些网络中的联系有多强，他们可以非常准确地猜
测你在一项任务上的创造力。由此可推知，为了更好地理解创造力，已经做了足够多的工作。故选 C。
D
New research has found that grey seals can simulate(模仿) human speech and songs. The study carried out by
Dr Amanda Stansbury and Professor Vincent Janik,at the University of St Andrews,found that grey seals use the
same sound production system as humans due to having similar vocal tracts(声道).
Three young grey seals—Zola,Gandalf and Janice—were monitored from birth by Stansbury and Janik to
determine their natural talents.Once this process was complete,the researchers began teaching the seals to simulate
common seal sounds or noises a seal might normally hear from a herd mate in the wild. Fish was used to encourage
the seals to come out of the water and sing a series of notes.Stansbury would record the seals’own sounds and play
them back. The seals quickly learnt that if they sang back the same notes, they would be rewarded with fish.
Once the seals were familiar with this process and could easily copy these basic sounds,Stansbury and Janik
used higher and longer tones(音调)and unfamiliar vowels(元音)from human speech.The seals were then rewarded
for matching these new sounds.Stansbury even used some combinations to simulate songs that no seal would be
expected
to produce under natural circumstances. Zola had a gift for copying up to ten notes of songs such as Twinkle,
Twinkle, Little Star and the theme song of Star Wars. Gandalf and Janice were better at accurately reproducing
combinations of human vowel sounds.
Stansbury said,“I was amazed how well the seals copied the model sounds we played to them.Copies were not
perfect,but given that these are not typical seal sounds,it is pretty impressive.Our study really shows how flexible
seal voices are.”
After one year of working with the researchers,the seal pups were released back into the wild. “This study gives
us a better understanding of the development of vocal learning,a skill that is important for human language
development.”Janik believes this knowledge can help to develop new methods to study speech problems.
12. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. A research finding on grey seals. B. Grey seals’learning environments.
C. Humans’sound production system. D. A comparison of humans and grey seals.
13. In the study,fish would be given when the seals .
A. made funny noises B. came out of the water
C. repeated the same notes D. copied typical fish sounds
14. What can we find about Zola based on the research?
A. It can copy some musical sounds played to her. B. It is good at copying human vowel sounds.
C. It is smarter than Gandalf and Janice. D. It likes singing children’s songs.
15. What does Janik think of the research result?
A It shows the living environments of grey seals.
B. It leads to a better understanding of human evolution.
C. It raises an awareness of the need to protect grey seals.
D. It inspires new methods for research on speech problems.
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. A 15. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。科学家对灰海豹的研究发现，海豹可以模拟人类语言和歌曲。最后提到这个研究的结果
对现实意义的指导作用。
【12 题详解】
.
主旨大意题。根据第一段 New research has found that grey seals can simulate(模仿) human speech and songs.
The study carried out by Dr Amanda Stansbury and Professor Vincent Janik, at the University of St Andrews, found
that grey seals use the same sound production system as humans due to having similar vocal tracts(声道).可知一项
新的研究发现，灰海豹可以模仿人类说话和唱歌。圣安德鲁斯大学的 Amanda Stansbury 博士和 Vincent Janik
教授进行了这项研究，他们发现灰海豹和人类有同样的发声系统，因为它们有相似的声道。由此可知，第
一段的主要内容是科学家对灰海豹的研究新发现。故选 A。
【13 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中 Fish was used to encourage the seals to come out of the water and sing a series of
notes. Stansbury would record the seals ‘own sounds and play them back. The seals quickly learnt that if they sang
back the same notes, they would be rewarded with fish. 可知鱼被用来鼓励海豹从水里出来并唱一系列的音符。
Stansbury 会录下海豹的声音然后播放回来。海豹很快就学会了。如果它们唱回同样的音符，就会得到鱼的
奖赏。由此可知，在这项研究中，当海豹重复同样的音符时，会喂它们鱼。故选 C 。
【14 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中 Zola had a gift for copying up to ten notes of songs such as Twinkle, Twinkle, Little
Star and the theme song of Star Wars.可知 Zola 有可以模仿多达十个音符的歌曲的天赋。如 Twinkle, Twinkle,
Little Star 和 Star Wars 的主题曲。由此可知，Zola 能很好地模仿播放给它们听的声音。故选 A。
【15 题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“This study gives us a better understanding of the development of vocal learning,a
skill that is important for human language development.”Janik believes this knowledge can help to develop new
methods to study speech problems.可知“这项研究让我们更好地了解了声乐学习的发展，这是一项对人类语言
发展非常重要的技能。”Janik 相信这些知识可以帮助开发研究语言问题的新方法。由此可知，Janik 认为研
究结果为语言问题的研究带来了新的方法。故选 D。
E
We may not have the full details and are likely to judge something based on limited information.We tend to
distance ourselves through our judgment and become disappointed with what we find. Judgment keeps us safe
because we move our feelings of fear,shame and guilt onto others to make ourselves feel better.This comes at a cost
of parting ourselves instead of building stronger connections.
The way out of judgment is through the power of gratitude,which helps us see things differently.Gratitude opens
the door to our hearts and helps us consider things from different aspects.A heart filled with gratitude is unlike a
heart filled with judgment,fear and anger.Consequently,judgment and gratitude are opposing forces.One is the field
of the self and the other is expressed through true goodness and sympathy.
The key to recognizing our judgment lies in being mindful of our thoughts.I often tell coaching customers when
they notice themselves judging,to stop and ask a simple question:“What am I not seeing in this situation?”This helps
us notice where we are blinded by our bias(偏见)and unable to see the truth.It is my experience that judgment
happens mainly in our connection with people.
We are unaware of other people’s motives and plans because we bring our own ill-natured thinking to the
process.This was evident with the Tour de France winner Lance Armstrong,who convinced himself and others he
did not cheat. He went to great lengths to dismiss(否定)his use of illegal performance-improving drugs.In an
interview with Oprah Winfrey,he said that his lies were so convincing that they eventually became truth.
But upholding a lie is harder than speaking the truth.In contrast,the power of gratitude allows us to shift(转移)our
attention to the truth,even if it means our feelings will be hurt.Gratitude turns the switch from fear and judgment to
sympathy and understanding.It is the bridge where friendships and tolerance are born.
16. What does the author think of judgment?
A. It makes us physically safe. B. It contributes to satisfying results.
C. It damages our relationships with others. D. It allows us to decide with full understanding.
17. What’s the author’s purpose of asking his customers the question?
A. To warn them of others’ill thoughts. B. To help them to recognize their judgment.
C. To remind them to connect with others. D. To explain to them the bad effects of judgment.
18. The example of Lance Armstrong is used to show .
A. the progress in medicine B. the source of judgment
C. the achievement of the cyclist D. the reason for telling white lies
19. What is the best title for the text?
A. Benefits of being grateful B. Search for the whole truth
C. Ways to form a friendship D. Get away from judgment
【答案】16. C 17. B 18. B 19. D
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。这篇文章主要讲了“评判”的坏处以及如何摆脱“评判”。
【16 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段 This comes at a cost of parting ourselves instead of building stronger connections.（这样
做的代价是把我们自己与他人分开，而不是建立更牢固的关系）可知作者认为“评判”破坏了我们与他人
的关系。故选 C。
【17 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段 I often tell coaching customers when they notice themselves judging, to stop and ask a
simple question: “What am I not seeing in this situation?” This helps us notice where we are blinded by our bias(偏
见)and unable to see the truth.（我经常告诉指导客户，当他们注意到自己在评判时，停下来问一个简单的问
题:“在这种情况下，我没有看到什么?”这有助于我们注意到我们被自己的偏见蒙蔽了双眼，看不到真相
的地方）可知作者问客户这个问题的目的是帮助他们认识到自己的评判。故选 B。
【18 题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段 We are unaware of other people’s motives and plans because we bring our own
ill-natured thinking to the process. This was evident with the Tour de France winner Lance Armstrong, who
convinced himself and others he did not cheat.（我们不知道别人的动机和计划，因为我们把自己的不良想法带
进了这个过程。这一点在环法自行车赛冠军兰斯·阿姆斯特朗身上体现得很明显，他说服自己和其他人他
没有作弊）可推知，以兰斯·阿姆斯特朗为例来说明评判的来源。故选 B。
【19 题详解】
主 旨 大 意 题 。 第 二 段 The way out of judgment is through the power of gratitude,which helps us see things
differently.（摆脱评判的方法是通过感激的力量，它帮助我们以不同的方式看待事物）是全文的主题句，结
合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了“评判”的坏处以及如何摆脱“评判”，所以这篇文章最好的题目是“远
离评判”。故选 D。
第二节 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为
多余选项。
While Finland frequently tops international school rankings, Norway, the richest country in North Europe,
performs much worse.____20____She is a Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Oslo. She found that
education policies in Norway are controlled by politics while Finland leaves the development of education policies
to researchers and educators.
Compared to students from other highly developed countries, Norwegian students have underperformed in
science subjects for years.____21____But in Norway, the policy changes are governed by politicians. For example,
politicians decide that how much time should be spent on math per semester (学期).
Afdal also found that although education experts are involved in policy changes as advisors, the politicians are in
charge. That was obvious in the most recent educational reform in Norway: It has been closely governed by
politicians.___22___
The most recent educational reform in Finland was undertaken in a nearly opposite way. Academic faculties (全
体教师) from every university selected their own representatives.____23____The Ministry simply monitored the
process. The role of educators in this process suggests a strong sense of trust in the Finnish professional
environment.
___24___The answer may not be certain. According to Afdal, mending the education system can’t be done
overnight and simply copying Finland’s way will be difficult. “Education policies reflect historical and cultural
structures in society,”she said.“I think it’s very important that educators and researchers in Norway should be given
more room to develop what Norwegian education should be like.”
A. Can Finland’s success be copied?
B. Is Norwegian education system a failure?
C. This has resulted in several educational reforms.
D. They together were responsible for policy changes.
E. The Minister has had a very firm control on the reform.
F. The education policies of the two countries are very similar.
G. Recently, Afdal looked at the differences between Finland and Norway.
【答案】20. G 21. C 22. E 23. D 24. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。通过对挪威和芬兰教育的研究，发现芬兰的教育体制的改革是由研究人员和教育工作执
行的，部长只是起监管作用；而挪威的教育政策却是由政治家们全权把控，所以才导致挪威教育的失败。
而芬兰的成功案例是否能轻易复制？这取决于社会的历史和文化结构。
【20 题详解】
根据后文 She is a Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Oslo. She found that education policies in Norway
are controlled by politics while Finland leaves the development of education policies to researchers and educators.可
知她是奥斯陆大学的哲学博士。她发现，挪威的教育政策受政治控制，而芬兰则把教育政策的制定交给研
究人员和教育者。由此可知，本句是关于某个人物的描述，且这个人对芬兰和挪威之间的教育政策制定问
题做了研究。故 G 选项“最近，Afdal 研究了芬兰和挪威之间的差异”符合语境，故选 G。
【21 题详解】
根据上文 Compared to students from other highly developed countries, Norwegian students have underperformed in
science subjects for years.(与其他高度发达国家的学生相比，挪威学生的理科成绩多年来一直不佳)以及后文
But in Norway, the policy changes are governed by politicians. For example, politicians decide that how much time
should be spent on math per semester (学期).(但在挪威，政策的改变是由政治家们主导的。例如，政客们决定
每个学期应该花多少时间在数学上)由此可知，本句承上启下说明，挪威的学生们表现不佳，所以这导致了
需要改变教育政策来改善现状，但在挪威，政策的改变是由政治家们主导的。故 C 选项“这导致了几项教
育改革”符合语境，故选 C。
【22 题详解】
根据上文 Afdal also found that although education experts are involved in policy changes as advisors, the politicians
are in charge. That was obvious in the most recent educational reform in Norway: It has been closely governed by
politicians.可知 Afdal 还发现，尽管教育专家以顾问的身份参与政策变化，但政治人物才是主导者。这一点
在挪威最近的教育改革中表现得很明显：该国一直由政治家严密管理。由此可知，第三段主要描述了挪威
教育工作者的建议在教育改革中只起着“建议”的作用，决策权在政治家手里。故 E 选项“部长有对改革
绝对的控制权”符合语境，故选 E。
【23 题详解】
根 据 上 文 The most recent educational reform in Finland was undertaken in a nearly opposite way. Academic
faculties (全体教师) from every university selected their own representatives.(芬兰最近的教育改革采取了几乎相
反的方式。每一所大学的学院都选出他们自己的代表)以及后文 The Ministry simply monitored the process.(教
育部只是监督整个过程)由此可知，在芬兰，决策权在“教师们选出的代表”手里，这些代表来对政策变化
负责，上文中 representatives 可对应到 D 选项中 They。故 D 选项“他们共同对政策变化负责”符合语境，
故选 D。
【24 题详解】
根 据 后 文 The answer may not be certain. According to Afdal, mending the education system can’t be done
overnight and simply copying Finland’s way will be difficult.可知答案可能并不确定。根据 Afdal 的说法，修补
教育体系不可能一蹴而就，简单地照搬芬兰的方法也很困难。由此可知，本句为一个疑问句，后文做出回
答，且结合后文内容可知提问主要是关于能否成功复制芬兰的成功方法，故 A 选项“芬兰的成功可以被复
制吗？”符合语境。故选 A。
第二部分语言运用
第一节 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选
项。
A
When my daughter was in first grade, lovely bands were in fashion. One day when she arrived
home___25___playing with neighboring kids, I noticed her collection of bands had doubled. When I asked why, her
cheeks went red and a______26______just came out—“Bronwyn gave them to me!”
I didn’t want to believe she could have done this. I hoped the______27______could be that her friend actually
had given her those bands. But her body language was_____28_____loud and clear—“I STOLE THEM!”
I asked her to________29________what she had done, and________30________the bands to their owner.
But it wasn’t as________31________as I had thought. At first, she thought I was kidding. Then,
she_____32_____I knew what had really happened. At that moment, her_____33_____expression nearly made me
change my mind. But, my wish to not_______34_______ a thief was a bit stronger. So I _____35_____and
said,“ I’m going to call over there and make sure you do the right thing.”
There are many moments when we have to make our kids______36______a mistake.
Sometimes, it is a(n)_____37_____mistake. Other times we know that they know________38________what
they are doing. Getting them to recognize a mistake is a tough but necessary responsibility we have
as________39________and I’m sure it’s the proper thing to do.
25. A. since B. while C. after D. as
26. A. song B. secret C. lie D. name
27. A. truth B. evidence C. news D. information
28. A. singing B. whispering C. questioning D. speaking
29. A. report B. explain C. hide D. repeat
30. A. throw B. lend C. sell D. return
31. A. easy B. necessary C. reasonable D. terrible
32. A. forgot B. realized C. ignored D. denied
33. A. sad B. cheerful C. blank D. curious
34. A. raise B. catch C. cheat D. educate
35. A. moved B. cried C. insisted D. laughed
36. A. discover B. correct C. make D. avoid
37. A. obvious B. serious C. unusual D. honest
38. A. exactly B. finally C. originally D. gradually
39. A. managers B. parents C. journalists D. teachers
【答案】25. C 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. B 33. A 34. A
35. C 36. B 37. A 38. A 39. B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的女儿偷了别人的东西并对作者撒谎，作者教育女儿，让她承认并
改正了自己的错误。文章告诉我们让孩子改正错误是父母的责任。
【25 题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：一天，当她和邻居的孩子玩完之后回家的时候。A．since 从……以后；B．while
当……的时候；C．after 在……后；D．as 当……时。根据空格前的 she arrived home 可知，她应该是和邻居
的孩子玩完之后才回家的。故选 C 项。
【26 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我问她为什么时，她脸红了，说了个谎。A．song 歌曲；B．secret 秘密；
C．lie 谎言；D．name 名字。根据后文的 I STOLE THEM! （我偷了它们）可知，这里女儿对我说了一个谎
言。故选 C 项。
【27 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我希望事实的确是她的朋友给了她那些皮筋。A．truth 事实；B．evidence 证据；
C．news 新闻；D．information 信息。根据上文可知我不愿意相信女儿说谎了，可推断出我希望她说朋友给
她皮筋的事情是个事实。故选 A 项。
【28 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但她的肢体语言大声地且清晰地说—“我偷了它们”。A．singing 唱歌；
B．whispering 小声说；C．questioning 向……提出问题；D．speaking 说话。根据空格后的 loud and clear 和
I STOLE THEM!可知，女儿的肢体语言是在大声地说出这句话。故选 D 项。
【29 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我让她解释她做了什么，并且把皮筋还给它们的主人。A．report 报告；B．explain
解释；C．hide 隐藏；D．repeat 重复。根据上文可知作者的女儿对作者撒谎了，可推断出这里作者希望女
儿对她犯的错误做出解释。故选 B 项。
【30 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我让她解释她做了什么，并且把皮筋还给它们的主人。A．throw 扔；B．lend
借给；C．sell 出售；D．return 退还。根据上文可知女儿偷了别人的东西，可推断出应该是把东西还给主人。
故选 D 项。
【31 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这并不像我想象的那么容易。A．easy 容易的；B．necessary 必要的；
C．reasonable 合理的；D．terrible 糟糕的。根据后文可知，女儿起初以为我在开玩笑，后来我看到女儿伤
心的表情又有些不忍心，可推断出让女儿承认错误的过程并不容易。故选 A 项。
【32 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，她意识到我知道了到底发生了什么。A．forgot 忘记；B．realized 意识到；
C．ignored 忽视；D．denied 否定。根据后文可知，女儿脸上露出了悲伤的表情，由此可推断出，她意识到
了我知道到底发生了什么事。故选 B 项。
【33 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那一刻，她悲伤的表情几乎让我改变了主意。A．sad 悲伤的；B．cheerful 高
兴的；C．blank 空白的；D．curious 好奇的。根据上文可知，女儿意识到了妈妈知道了她偷东西的事情，
可推断出脸上的表情应该是悲伤的。故选 A 项。
【34 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，我不想养育一个小偷的愿望更强烈。A．raise 养育；B．catch 抓住；
C．cheat 欺骗；D．educate 教育。根据文意可知，这里指代作者不想自己辛苦养育的女儿成为一个小偷，
可推断出作者是不想养育一个小偷。故选 A 项。
【35 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我坚持说：“我会打电话过去，确保你做了正确的事情。A．moved 移动；
B．cried 哭泣；C．insisted 坚持；D．laughed 笑。根据前文可知，作者不想自己养育的女儿成为小偷，所
以尽管不忍心，仍然坚持说让女儿改正错误。故选 C 项。
【36 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有很多时候我们必须让孩子们改正错误。A．discover 发现；B．correct 改正；
C．make 制作；D．avoid 避免。根据文章内容可知，上文讲述的是作者要求女儿改正偷东西的错误，可推
断出空格处应是让孩子们改正错误。故选 B 项。
【37 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时候，它是一个明显的错误。A．obvious 明显的；B．serious 严重的；
C．unusual 不寻常的；D．honest 诚实的。后文提到的 Other times we know that they know…是他们做过的但
不承认的错误，空格处与后文错误形成对照关系，指代的是他们犯的，可以明显看出来的错误。故选 A 项。
【38 题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：有时我们知道他们确切地知道自己在做什么。A．exactly 确切地；B．finally 最
后；C．originally 起初；D．gradually 逐渐地。根据后文提到的 Getting them to recognize a mistake is a tough
可知让他们承认错误是困难地，由此可推断出他们确切地知道自己犯了错，但不愿承认。故选 A 项。
【39 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：让他们承认错误是困难的，但也是我们作为父母必须承担的责任。A．managers
经理；B．parents 父母；C．journalists 新闻记者；D．teachers 老师。文章主要讲述的是一位母亲让女儿承
认错误的故事，可推断出让孩子们承认错误是父母必须承担的责任。故选 B 项。
【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是上下文推理法。“上下文推理法”是指根据对上下文的语义和整个语篇
的理解，进行适当的推理判断，因此需重点注意挖空处的上下文语境，判断清楚所要表达的含义。例如，
第 9 小题要求我们推断女儿的面部表情。根据上文可知，女儿意识到了妈妈知道了她偷东西的事情，可推
断出脸上的表情应该是悲伤的。故选 A 项。
B
I watched a wonderful video showing my friend Kieran Jordan dancing beautifully. I felt
very______40______to see how she had responded to her illness.
Kieran has been living with Lyme disease (莱姆病) for two years. She first fell_______41_______in the
summer of 2017, feeling tired, but the cause went undiagnosed and_____42_____. After ten months, a medical
provider recognized it as Lyme, but a lot of_____43_____had been done.______44______most health insurance
plans do not cover Lyme disease, helpful friends________45________a GoFundMe
page,________46________more than $39,000 for Kieran.
She said,“GoFundMe saved my life. The disease is___47___for two years. It’s been long and difficult, but not
everyone has the kind of community _______48_______that I have.”
At the first signs of the illness, she saw several medical professionals. She said,“The_____49_____ is that
for ten months they____50____the diagnosis. They didn’t even test me for Lyme.”However, she is now making
progress. “I am getting back some________51________.”
Kieran is now seeing two physicians who specialize in Lyme. But she said________52________that the health
care system is so far behind in dealing with Lyme. “It’s not a_____53_____disease, but Lyme disease is not
included in our healthcare system and our insurance system.”In a Facebook post, Kieran told her friends,“I can see
that I AM____54____. But I’m sometimes smiling through the tears!”
40. A. confused B. encouraged C. grateful D. annoyed
41. A. asleep B. silent C. desperate D. ill
42. A. untreated B. unnoticed C. unchallenged D. unexpressed
43. A. business B. research C. work D. damage
44. A. Though B. If C. So D. Since
45. A. reached B. formed C. blamed D. destroyed
46. A. earning B. raising C. costing D. paying
47. A. going on B. preparing C. waiting D. working out
48. A. trouble B. leaders C. support D. needs
49. A. reality B. proof C. information D. expectation
50. A. determined B. doubted C. missed D. studied
51. A. money B. popularity C. confidence D. strength
52. A. peacefully B. hopefully C. absently D. disappointedly
53. A. serious B. rare C. common D. mental
54. A. helping B. deciding C. healing D. continuing
【答案】40. B 41. D 42. A 43. D 44. D 45. B 46. B 47. A 48. C 49. A
50. C 51. D 52. D 53. B 54. C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了莱姆病患者 Kieran Jordan 在社区的帮助下，正在取得康复，但是他对现
存的医疗体系和保险体系感到很失望。
【40 题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：看到她对病情的反应，我感到很受鼓舞。A. confused 困惑的；B. encouraged 感到
鼓舞的；C. grateful 感激的；D. annoyed 烦恼的。根据上文 I watched a wonderful video showing my friend Kieran
Jordan dancing beautifully 可知，看到生病中的 Kieran Jordan 跳舞的视频，感到很受鼓舞。故选 B。
【41 题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：她第一次生病是在 2017 年夏天，感觉很累，但病因没有得到诊断和治疗。A. asleep
睡着的；B. silent 沉默的；C. desperate 绝望的；D. ill 生病的。根据上文 how she had responded to her illness.可
知，此处对应信息词 illness，表示第一次生病。故选 D。
【42 题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：她第一次生病是在 2017 年夏天，感觉很累，但病因没有得到诊断和治疗。A. untreated
没有经过治疗的；B. unnoticed 未被注意的；C. unchallenged 未受到挑战的；D. unexpressed 未表达的。根据
but the cause went undiagnosed 可知，因为没有确诊，因此没有进行治疗。故选 A。
【43 题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：十个月后，一个医务人员认为该病是莱姆病，但它已经造成了很多损害。A. business
生意；B. research 调查，研究；C. work 工作；D. damage 损害，伤害。根据上文可知，Kieran 之前没有被确
诊，结合本句内容 After ten months, a medical provider recognized it as Lyme 可知，由于确诊延误了 10 个月，
因此已经造成了很多伤害。故选 D。
【44 题详解】
考查从属连词辨析。句意：由于大多数医疗保险计划不包括莱姆病，热心的朋友们成立了一个 GoFundMe
页面，为基兰筹集了 39000 美元。A. Though 尽管；B. If 如果；C. So 因此；D. Since 因为。根据 most health
insurance plans do not cover Lyme disease 可知，成立 GoFundMe 这个网页的原因是由于医疗保险不能囊括莱
姆病，上下文之间是因果关系。故选 D。
【45 题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：由于大多数医疗保险计划不包括莱姆病，热心的朋友们成立了一个 GoFundMe 页面，
为基兰筹集了 39000 美元。A. reached 到达；B. formed 形成，组成；C. blamed 责备；D. destroyed 破坏。根
据文章内容可知，由于不能通过医疗保险的进行治疗，热心的朋友们建立了一个网页来筹集捐款。故选 B。
【46 题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：由于大多数医疗保险计划不包括莱姆病，热心的朋友们成立了一个 GoFundMe 页面，
为基兰筹集了 39000 美元。A. earning 挣得，赚得；B. raising 筹集；C. costing 花费；D. paying 支付。根据
下文 She said,“GoFundMe saved my life.可知，这个网页筹集了 39000 美元来给 Kieran Jordan 进行治疗。故选
B。
【47 题详解】
考查动词短语辨析和动词辨析。句意：这种病已经持续两年了。A. going on 继续；B. preparing 准备；C. waiting
等待；D. working out 计算出。根据上文 Kieran has been living with Lyme disease (莱姆病) for two years.可知，
这种疾病已经持续 2 年了。故选 A。
【48 题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：这个过程漫长而艰难，但并不是每个人都能像我这样得到朋友圈的支持。A. trouble
麻烦；B. leaders 领导；C. support 支持；D. needs 需要。根据上文可知，热心的朋友成立网页筹集资金让他
进行治疗，因此朋友圈支持了 Kieran。故选 C。
【49 题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：事实是，他们有 10 个月没有确诊该病。A. reality 现实；B. proof 证据，证明；C.
information 信息；D. expectation 期待，期望。根据上文 After ten months, a medical provider recognized it as
Lyme 可知，经过 10 个月才能确诊，Kieran 意识到医疗系统落后这个事实。故选 A。
【50 题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：事实是，他们有 10 个月没有确诊该病。A. determined 决定；B. doubted 怀疑；C. missed
错过，思念；D. studied 学习，研究。根据上文 but the cause went undiagnosed 可知，刚开始这个病没有被诊
断出来，因此当时看病的专家错过了确诊 10 个月。故选 C。
【51 题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：我正在恢复体力。A. money 钱；B. popularity 受欢迎，流行；C. confidence 自信心；
D. strength 体力，力量。根据 However, she is now making progress.可知，病情取得了进展，Kieran 感觉正在
恢复体力。故选 D。
【52 题详解】
考查副词辨析。句意：但她失望地说，医疗保健系统在处理莱姆病方面远远落后。A. peacefully 和平地；B.
hopefully 有希望地；C. absently 心不在焉地；D. disappointedly 失望地。根据上文和 most health insurance plans do
not cover Lyme disease 可知，Kieran 对医疗保健系统很失望。故选 D。
【53 题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：莱姆病并不是一种罕见的疾病，但它并不包括在我们的医疗体系和保险体系中。
A. serious 严重的；B. rare 罕见的，稀少的；C. common 普遍的；D. mental 精神上的。根据 but Lyme disease
is not included in our healthcare system and our insurance system 可知，莱姆病不是一种罕见的疾
病，理应包含在医疗保险体系中。故选 B。
【54 题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：在脸书上，基兰告诉她的朋友们，“我能看到我正在治愈。”A. helping 帮助；B. deciding
决定；C. healing 治愈；D. continuing 继续。根据上文 she is now making progress.可知，Kieran 感觉自己正在
治愈。故选 C。
【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。在做题过程中要遵循“上
下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如：文章第 2 小题，根据上文 how she had responded to her illness.可知，此
处对应信息词 illness，表示第一次生病。故选 D。第 8 小题，根据上文 Kieran has been living with Lyme
disease (莱姆病) for two years.可知，这种疾病已经持续 2 年了。故选 A。
第二节
A
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Sea turtles have been swimming in the world’s warm waters for millions of years.
Male sea turtles stay in the water, while females come out at night____55____(lay) eggs in the sand. These
babysea turtles dig out of their nests at night and go back to the water. They swim to deeper water, ____56____is
safer, but their journey is tough and they will face many____57____(nature) dangers. Crabs, birds, lizards, fish, and
foxes all try to eat the baby turtles. Most baby turtles don’t survive to become adults.To make matters worse, people
pose (造成) many____58____(threat) to sea turtles.
When we pollute the water____59____trash or chemicals, the water becomes less safe to the animals that live
there. Eating plastic bags can make sea turtles choke and die. Chemical____60____ (pollute) may also lead to
diseases in them.
Catching fish for food is a big business. The problem happens when fishermen____61____(accident) catch
other animals like sea turtles. Sea turtles can____62____ (kill) by nets and other fishing tools.
After all these years, ____63____number of sea turtles in the world is getting smaller. They are endangered,
which means they’re in danger of____64____ (disappear) forever. Take action to protect sea turtles now!
【答案】55. laying 56. which 57. natural 58. threats 59. with 60. pollution 61. accidentally
62. be killed 63. the 64. disappearing
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海龟以及人们对海龟生存所造成的威胁，使得海龟濒临灭绝的危险。
【55 题详解】
考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，主句成分完整，因此横线及后面部分作的是句子的状语部分。逻辑主语
females 与 lay 之间是主动关系，因此应该用现在分词形式。故填 laying。
【56 题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：它们游向更深的水域，这样更安全。分析句子可知，主句成分完整，可知从句应为
非限定性定语从句。分析从句可知从句缺少主语，所以用关系代词 which 引导。故填 which。
【57 题详解】
考查形容词。根据名词 dangers 可知，前用形容词修饰。故填 natural。
【58 题详解】
考查名词的数。threat 作名词时为可数名词，用 many 修饰时需用复数形式。故填 threats。
【59 题详解】
考查介词。句意：当我们用垃圾或者化学制品污染水时，水对于生活在其中的动物就変得不那么安全了。
分析句意可知，垃圾和化学制品是人们用来污染水的物质，因此介词含义需为“用”“通过某种方式”相
关，因为介词 with 具有“通过某种具体方式”的含义。故填 with。
【60 题详解】
考查名词。形容词 chemical 修饰名词。且 pollution 为不可数名词。故填 pollution。
【61 题详解】
考查副词。对动词 catch 的修饰，应用副词形式。故填 accidentally。
【62 题详解】
考查语态。句意：海龟可能会被渔网或者其他捕鱼工具杀死。分析句意可知 sea turtles 与 kill 之间存在被动
关系，所以用被动语态。根据情态动词 can 可知，后接动词原形。故填 be killed。
【63 题详解】
考查冠词。句意：经过了这些年，世界上的海龟数量变少了。根据句意可知，本句表达的是海龟的数量变
少。“……的数量”应为固定短语 the number of。故填 the。
【64 题详解】
考查非谓语动词。位于介词后可用名词或动名词形式，因为副词 forever 修饰可知，只能用动名词形式。故
填 disappearing。
B
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Hani group is now the second largest minority in Yunnan with over 1.6 million people.
The Hani people are artistic masters. The world-famous Hani Yuanyang Rice Terraces (水稻梯
田)_____65_____
(create) by generations of the Hani people are the best masterpiece they left for people, from_____66_____you could
see their deep desire for natural beauty. And through their untiring pairs of_____67_____ (hand), the Honghe
Hani Rice Terraces have become a UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site and also one of the world's best rice
terraces.
The Hani people build their two- and three-story houses of bamboo, mud, stone and wood on hill slopes. A
village has from ten to as many_____68_____400 households. The Hani people_____69_____(main) depend on
agriculture. The area inhabited by the Hani people is blessed_____70_____a mild climate, plentiful rainfall and
fertile soil. Main crops include rice, corn, cotton, peanut, etc. They are also good at planting tea.
Their language_____71_____(belong) to the Sino-Tibetan language family. _____72_____ (have) no script of
their own before 1949, they kept records by carving notches (刻痕) on sticks. In 1957, with the help of the
government, a script system based on the Latin alphabet was created, but failed_____73_____ (achieve) popular use.
Like the Han people the Hani people celebrate the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival.
Their_____74_____ (tradition) festivals include the October Festival and the June Festival.
【答案】65. created
66. which 67. hands
68. as 69. mainly
70. with
71. belongs
72. having 73. to achieve
74. traditional
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了哈尼族地生活起居及其他细节。
【65 题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：哈尼族几代人创造的举世闻名的哈尼族元阳梯田，是哈尼族留给人们的最好的杰
,
作，从中可以看出哈尼族对自然美的向往。分析句子结构，已有谓语动词 are，设空处需填非谓语动词作后
置定语，Hani Yuanyang Rice Terraces 和 create 为动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填 created。
【66 题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：哈尼族几代人创造的举世闻名的哈尼族元阳梯田，是哈尼族留给人们的最好的杰作，
从中可以看出哈尼族对自然美的向往。分析句子结构，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个
句子，在从句中作介词 from 的宾语，需用关系代词 which 引导。故填 which。
【67 题详解】
考查名词。句意：经过他们的不懈努力，红河哈尼梯田已被联合国教科文组织列为世界自然遗产，也是世
界上最好的梯田之一。Pairs of 后面需加复数名词，hand 为可数名词，故填 hands。
【68 题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：一个村庄从 10 户到 400 户不等。as many as 为固定短语，意为“多达”。故填as。
【69 题详解】
考查副词。句意：哈尼族人主要依靠农业为生。分析句子结构，设空处修饰动词短语 depend on，需用副词
形式。故填 mainly。
【70 题详解】
考查介词。句意：哈尼族聚居区气候温和，雨量充沛，土壤肥沃。be blessed with 为固定短语，意为“享
有......的福气”。故填with。
【71 题详解】
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：他们的语言属于汉藏语系。分析句子结构，设空处缺少谓语动词，此处
陈述客观事实，需用一般现在时，主语为 language，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填 belongs。
【72 题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在 1949 年以前，他们没有自己的文字，所以通过在木棒上刻字来记录。分析句子
结构，已有谓语动词 kept，设空处需填非谓语动词作状语，they 和 have 之间为主谓关系，需填现在分词形
式。故填 having。
【73 题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：1957 年，在政府的帮助下，一种以拉丁字母为基础的书写系统诞生了，但没有得
到广泛应用。fail to do sth.为固定用法，意为“没能做成某事”。故填to achieve。
【74 题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他们的传统节日包括十月节和六月节。分析句子结构，设空处需填形容词作定语，修
饰名词 festivals，故填 traditional。
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