2021年高考英语培优计划之思维型课堂专题11 读后续写拓展思维之烘托情节特征

2021 年高考英语培优计划之思维型课堂 11 读后续写拓展思维之烘托情节特征 【思维路径】 运用侧面描写，可以对人物进行多角度映照和多层次烘托，人物的描写就会达到“横看 成岭侧成峰”的丰富境界。 侧面描写有“以旁面写正面”、“以对面写正面”、“以反面写正 面”三种方法。如果从一个侧面去描写，人物形象往往单薄。如果从多个侧面去描写，人物 形象就容易丰满。在写作中，我们可以尝试以下几种侧面烘托法：景物烘托法——通过对自 然景物的描绘，来烘托人物心情；他人反映法——听听他人的反映，去了解主人公的个性特 征；借人写人法——通过对受影响者的刻画，间接地表现主人公的思想品质。 一、场景拓展思维 1：选择关键词 1.关键词语 blow 吹 howl 咆哮 crash 碰撞 stir 搅动 darken 使变黑 envelope 信封，包裹 gloomy 阴郁的 dip 蘸 pour 泼 sunshine /sunlight 阳光 breeze 微风 dim 昏暗的 faint 微弱的 winding 蜿蜒的 frighten 是某人害怕 chilling 寒冷的 thunder 雷，打雷 lightening 闪电 frosty 寒冷的 melt 融化 2.常用短语be bathed in 沐浴在 amber-like sunshine 琥珀色的阳光 stretch off 延伸 凉爽清新的风 cool and refreshing breeze 落日 the setting sun stroll down the street 在街上漫步 the first ray of sunlight 第一缕阳光 flood into 涌入 gentle breeze 微风 多雨的季节 a rainy season 暴风雨之夜 a stormy night 在茫茫大雨中 in the blinding rain 在春天温暖的阳光里 in the warm spring sunshine 难以忍受的热 unbearable hot 放晴了 clear up 木日光浴 bathe in the sunshine 一个偏僻的小村庄 a small village off the map 离海滨仅咫尺之遥 be dotted with 点缀着 二.场景拓展思维 2：景色特征烘托人物心情 （一）阳光明媚的景色烘托生命美好与心情的愉悦 【典例赏析】 The beach to your right stretches off(延伸) to the horizon, slowly narrowing to nothingness （虚无）, only to re-emerge（重新出现） again on your left. When I was bathed in the sunlight, it felt like the amber-like sunshine was kissing every inch of my skin. The sun dropped through and laid on his head and shoulders.太阳下山，温和的光线落在肩 头。 When I drew the curtains back, the sunlight flooded in. 阳光倾斜而入 The clear blue sky was dotted with fluttering larks. 天气晴朗，碧空里星星点点的云雀在翩 翩起舞。I was immediately stunned by the azure sky with thick silver lining clouds drifting around. 我立刻被湛蓝色的天空和成群飘动的金色云朵所吸引了。 White clouds flow in the blue sky like quiet fish swimming in broad ocean. A gust of wind blew and parted the drooping branches of the weeping willow like a curtain. 一阵风吹起了弯柳的低垂枝条，就像那卷起的窗帘。 The wind, soft and cold, clicked through tree branches and stirred the bushes that sprinkled （撒、点缀）the slope. 风，轻柔而清冷，轻点这树枝，搅动着斜坡下的零星灌木丛。 There are many kinds of flowers blooming in the corner of the park, even in autumn, I smell the fresh scent with cool breeze. How sweet! It was Saturday morning, and all the summer world was bright and fresh, and filled with life. There was a song in every heart. There was cheer in every face and a spring in every step. The air was filled with the pleasant smell of flowers. Cardiff Hill, beyond the village and above it, was green with trees and looked beautiful. （二）暴风骤雨的场景烘托心情的抑郁 【典例赏析】 The sky is overcast, darkened with gloomy clouds，(乌云密布、黑云压顶) and the whole world seemed to be enveloped in a huge gray quilt. 整个世界仿佛都被一块巨大的灰色棉被笼罩。 The thin trees were blowing wildly, and untidy gray clouds were sailing past a pale, sicky moon(苍白昏暗的月亮). The frosty air （寒冷的空气）blew in, cutting like knife. The frigid gusts of wind stung their faces. 一阵阵寒风刺痛他们的脸颊。 Stung 的原形为 sting“叮咬” The summer breeze gently moved through the leaves with a sighing sound. 叹息的声音 There was a deathly stillness in the house. 死寂 The evening of this day was very long, and melancholy( 阴郁的), at Hartfield. The weather added what it could of gloom. A cold stormy rain set in(阴冷的暴风雨袭来), and nothing of July appeared but in the trees and shrubs（灌木丛）, which the wind was despoiling(摧残), and the length of the day, which only made such cruel sights the longer visible.（白昼的延长可以让人多 瞧一瞧这凄冷的景象） （三）烦闷焦躁的景色烘托心理的急躁等 【典例赏析】 It’s hot enough to melt hell. 天热得能融化地狱。 The air that has been hot all day becomes heavy. It hangs over the trees, presses the heads of the flowers to the ground, and sits on my shoulders. 整日闷热的空气变得格外呆滞。它笼罩着树木， 逼得花朵垂向地面，也压得我的肩头沉甸甸的。 （四）凄风苦雨与狂风暴雨烘托恐惧、阴冷与害怕 【典例赏析】 On the dark and stormy night, the waves were crashing and the winds were howling(嚎叫). The rain came pouring down, the streams rose, and the winds blew and beat against the house.大雨倾盆，洪流暴涨，狂风肆意冲击房屋。 The boys were frightened as the wind blew several trees on their side and the light continued to come and go in the sky(闪电在空中持续乱舞). There was now a fine, cold drizzle falling(寒冷的细雨), and the wind had risen from its uncertain（模糊的） puffs （一阵阵小风）into a steady blow. The few foot passengers astir （活动的）in that quarter hurried dismally（沉闷地） and silently along with coat collars turned high and pocketed hands（踹口袋里的手）. 三.场景拓展思维 3：精细化用语再现场景与心理的交织 （一）细节描述之“describe a peaceful scene” 【典例赏析】 When I was bathed in the sunlight, it felt like the amber-like sunshine was kissing every inch of my skin. (沐浴在阳光下；琥珀色的阳光亲吻着全身的肌肤) Mist-covered mountains were dotted with small farms and villages. (点缀着) The sound of my footsteps was accompanied only by the gracefully waving reeds. (优雅地随 风飘扬的芦苇) （二）细节描述之“describe stormy weather” 【典例赏析】 The sky is overcast, darkened with gloomy clouds.(乌云密布；黑云压顶) On that dark and stormy night, the waves were crashing and the winds were howling. (海浪肆意拍打；劲风咆哮) The rain came pouring down, the streams rose, and the winds blew and beat against the house. (暴风骤雨) （三）Good setting description for appreciation (佳“景”赏析) 【典例赏析】 The house smelled musty and damp, and a little sweet, as if it were haunted by the ghosts of long-dead cookies. The sun kept dipping down into the ocean and the lights came on at the harbor, casting sudden shadows on the ground, illuminating the faces that were just a second ago silhouettes. The sky was golden and purple, the ocean a darker shade of violet. The sun had set, but a faint pastel haze lingered in the mid-summer sky. They rolled up the path, tree branches raking the windshield like angry wardens. Outside, the air filled with cricket noise, as the sun reddened in its descent. A restaurant overlooking a starlit night sprang to my imagination like something out of an illuminated manuscript from the late Middle Ages. The moon went slowly down in loveliness; she departed into the depth of the horizon, and long veil-like shadows crept up the sky through which the stars appeared. All brightness was gone, leaving nothing. We stepped out of the tent onto nothing. Sledge and tent were there, Estraven stood beside me, but neither he nor I cast any shadow. There was dull light all around, everywhere. When we walked on the crisp snow no shadow showed the footprint. We left no track. Sledge, tent, himself, myself: nothing else at all. No sun, no sky, no horizon, no world. Night had fallen fast upon the land. No more than an hour ago the sky was painted with hues of red, orange and pink, but all color had faded leaving only a matt black canvas with no stars to be looked upon. It would be a cold moonless night. The sky was dark and low, the air so chilled it hurt to breathe. Already the ground was laid white with frost and any water that had been liquid under the winter sun had become ice. 四、四季与自然景观的描写的精细化 【典例赏析】 we used to live in a beautiful village, and there were trees and flowers and green grass, and the air was so sweet.我们以前住在一个漂亮的村舍里，那里树很多，还有花花草草，连空气 都是甜的。 The sight of a large cornfield in the latter part of summer, with all its green banners waving and its tasseled plumes nodding, is one to admire, and not to be forgotten.盛夏时节，一望无际的玉米 地，绿色的叶子像旗帜一样迎风飞舞，抽穗的包谷随风点头，这是多么赏心悦目而又令人难 忘的景色啊！ In the spring its branches are covered with bunches of creamy flowers,春天里，栗子树的枝干 上开满了一簇簇奶油般的花朵， Before this, he had lived in a warm country, where the sun shines down on beautiful orange groves, and fields always sweet with flowers.在这之前，他一直住在一个天气暖和的乡村。那 里，阳光洒满美丽的满是橘子的山坡，田野里到处是芳香扑鼻的鲜花。 Last night, the cold north wind blew great snow clouds over the sky. Not a star, not a bit of blue sky could be seen.昨天夜里，北风呼啸，乌云密布。看不见一颗星星，整个天空也不见一丝蓝色。 It is winter. The cold wind whistles through the branches of the trees.正值冬季，寒风呼啸着 吹过树枝。 Johnny looked through the glass. There lay the pure, feathery snowflake like a lovely little star.乔尼透过玻璃看着雪花，那片纯洁轻柔的雪花就像一颗可爱的小星星。 Soon the tiny flakes floated softly down, like flocks of little white birds. 不久，小小的雪花静 悄悄地飘落下来，就像一群白色的小鸟。 The sun must have been pleased with what he saw, for he smiled such a bright, sweet smile, that the whole white world sparkled as if it were made of little stars.太阳一定对雪花们的作品非常满 意，因为他笑得如此灿烂和甜蜜。整个洁白的世界闪闪发光，就像一颗颗小星星在眨眼睛。 （五）早中晚场景举例 【典例赏析 1】 早上：（部分描写也可用于其它时间） The sweetness of the sun fills my lungs. The first ray of sunlight is too fragile to touch. Spring breeze draws the curtain of clouds and the sunshine floods into the classrooms. The whole world blossoms with one breath of the sunshine. Snow blanketed every rooftop and weighed on the branches of old trees. 雪覆盖了每一个屋顶， 压在老树枝上。 Kissed by the rain and shining, the wet ground is cold under foot. The birds busy themselves around me, not caring that I'm there.潮湿的地面走起来很冷，被雨水亲吻后闪闪发光。鸟儿们 在我周围忙碌着，不关心我在那儿。 A dense earthly sweet smell rose from the ground, enveloping everything within its soft embrace.一股浓郁的泥土般的香味从地上升起，把一切都包裹在它柔软的怀抱里。 When I drew the curtains back, the sunlight flooded in. 阳光倾斜而入. Golden sunshine, fragile greens and a sea of fragrant flowers crowd into my eyes. Walking into the painting, I am totally drunk with the twittering (吱喳) of birds. Soon the delicate （纤弱的,精 致的）air and soft raindrops melt my heart. It was Saturday morning, and all the summer world was bright and fresh, and filled with life. There was a song in every heart. There was cheer in every face and a spring in every step. The air was filled with the pleasant smell of flowers. Cardiff Hill, beyond the village and above it, was green with trees and looked beautiful. 黄昏：（部分描写也可用于其它时间） As the sky gradually darkened and the light dimmed, （天空越来越黑，光线越来越暗）he quickened his steps. The sun hid himself behind the mountains, making it hard to see anything in the thick darkness. Falling leaves fluttered down in the cool mid-autumn air, bidding farewell to sweet summer and beckoning the autumn in.秋天的树叶在凉爽的中秋空气中飘落，告别甜美夏天，召唤秋天的 到来。 It's dark now and the snow is still falling, clumps of wet flakes drifting mindlessly down, the air moist, the sidewalk mushy underfoot.现在天黑了，雪还在落下，一团团的雪花随风飘落，空 气潮湿，走在人行道上，脚底粘糊糊的。 The rain drummed on the window, bidding farewell to the last beam of sunlight. 雨敲打在窗户上好像敲起了小鼓，向最后一缕阳光告别. The lingering sunlight was obliterated by the rapidly falling night，resembling a pitch-black curtain draped over the sky.逗留在天际的最后一缕阳光被迅速落下的夜幕擦除，像是天空被 一层漆黑幕布覆盖。 The leaves crunched beneath my feet as I strolled down the street. Occasionally, one would fall past me, lightly swaying as the air gently carried it to the ground.我在街上漫步时，树叶在我脚下嘎吱作响。偶尔，有叶子会从我身边掉下来，轻轻地摇晃， 因为空气轻轻地把它吹到地上。 The lake mirrored the sky above, both of them blameless blue and shimmering. 湖面映照着上 方的天空，它们都是无比湛蓝，并且闪闪发光。 The sunset was like orange paint on a blue canvas. 日落就像蓝色画布上的橙色颜料. The strong sun on my black hair would burn me in minutes if I couldn’t find shelter. 如果我找 不到庇护所，我黑发上强烈的阳光几分钟后就会把我烧焦 The sun dropped through and laid on his head and shoulders.太阳下山，温和的光线落在肩头。 晚上：（部分描写也可用于其它时间） From the distance, he saw some dim light (昏暗的灯光) in the village. Silence between dad and me made me more nervous and scared. At that moment, it was completely dark except the faint light given out by a few stars in the sky. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power. The sky, midnight blue, gave the scene a fairytale quality, and the stars that dotted the sky lit up the night.天空，午夜蓝，给了这一场景一个童话般的质量，星星点点的天空照亮了夜晚。 The clear blue sky was dotted with fluttering larks. 天气晴朗，碧空里星星点点的云雀在翩翩 起舞。 The wind was howling dreadfully and the rain was pouring from the heaven, whipping against the branches of lined trees. The world was burdened with a sea of drakness. I was seized with the roaring power of nature, a sense of horror creeping up on me. I immediately turned around to slide into the bed and curled up. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in ther power. The evening of this day was very long, and melancholy(阴郁的), at Hartfield. The weather added what it could of gloom. A cold stormy rain set in(阴冷的暴风雨袭来), and nothing of July appeared but in the trees and shrubs（灌木丛）, which the wind was despoiling(摧残), and the length of the day, which only made such cruel sights the longer visible.（白昼的延长可以让人多 瞧一瞧这凄冷的景象） The sky is overcast, darkened with gloomy clouds，(乌云密布、黑云压顶) and the whole world seemed to be enveloped in a huge gray quilt. 整个世界仿佛都被一块巨大的灰色棉被笼罩。 The thin trees were blowing wildly, and untidy gray clouds were sailing past a pale, sicky moon(苍白昏暗的月亮). The frosty air （寒冷的空气）blew in, cutting like knife. 【典例赏析 2】 I closed my eyes in the speeding car. Winding rivers, lofty mountains, deep valleys and sunny beaches held me entirely in their fascination. The gentle breeze (微风) stroked his head , as if comforting all his tiredness. Familiar smells of the earth rose up to greet her. Wandering in the woods, Ally slowed her pace to find the little guy in the mixed air. The sun looked at her with a glowing smile and the flowers nodded merrily towards her. The breeze patted her on the face, warm and comfortable. The wind was howling dreadfully and the rain was pouring from the heaven, whipping against the branches of lined trees. The world was burdened with a sea of darkness. I was seized with the roaring power of nature, a sense of horror creeping up on me. I immediately turned around to slide into the bed and curled up. On the day back to school, dark clouds hung low in the sky. The rain poured down, with cold drops and angry winds slapping (拍 ;掴) my face. I was drowned in floods of warm tears and freezing rain. Spring, like an amazing artist, paints our campus with richer and deeper colors. Golden sunshine, fragile greens and a sea of fragrant flowers crowd into my eyes. Walking into the painting, I am totally drunk with the twittering (吱喳) of birds. Soon the delicate 纤弱的,精致的 air and soft raindrops melt my heart. Oh, I’m lost… in the masterpiece of Spring!【语篇锤炼】 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 After my mother passed away and my brother went to study in New Zealand, the first thing that really felt different was the dinner table. My father and I began eating separately. We went out to dinners with our friends, ate sandwiches in front of our computers, delivery pizzas while watching movies. Some days we rarely saw each other at all. Then, a few weeks before I was set to leave for university, my father walked downstairs. “You know, I think we should start eating together even if it’s just you and me,” he said. “Your mother would have wanted that.” It wasn’t ideal, of course—the meals we made weren’t particularly amazing and we missed the presence of Mom and my brother—but there was something special about setting aside time to be with my father. It was therapeutic: an excuse to talk, to reflect on the day, and on recent events. Our chats about the banal—of baseball and television—often led to discussions of the serious—of politics and death, of memories and loss. Eating together was a small act, and it required very little of us—45 minutes away from our usual, quotidian distractions—and yet it was invariably one of the happiest parts of my day. Sadly, Americans rarely eat together anymore. In fact, the average American eats one in every five meals in her car, one in four Americans eats at least one fast food meal every single day. Not eating together also has negative effects both physically and psychologically. Children who do not eat dinner with their parents at least twice a week also were 40 percent more likely to be overweight compared to those who do, as outlined in a research presentation given at the European Congress on Obesity in Bulgaria this May. On the contrary, children who do eat dinner with their parents five or more days a week have less trouble with drugs and alcohol, eat healthier, show better academic performance, and report being closer with their parents than children who eat dinner with their parents less often. 注意： 1. 所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右；2. 应使用 5 个以上短文标有下划线的关键词语； 3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好； 4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词。 Paragraph 1: There are two big reasons for these negative effects associated with not eating meals together. ________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: On our last night before I left home to return to school, my father and I went out to our favorite Chinese restaurant, a place where we always order the same thing. _____________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 There are two big reasons for these negative effects associated with not eating meals together. The first is simply that when we eat out, we tend not to eat very healthy things. The other reason is that eating alone can lead to being deserted. The dinner table can act as a place of community. Sharing a meal is an excuse to catch up and talk, one of the few times where people are happy to take time out of their day. On our last night before I left home to return to school, my father and I went out to our favorite Chinese restaurant, a place where we always order the same thing. But in my memories, even after countless dinners here, he still could not properly hold a pair of chopsticks. “Let me help,” I said. “See you have to hold this one perfectly still,” I said, motioning to the chopstick in my left hand. He nodded. “I think I’ve got it,” he said, delicately holding the chopsticks between his fingers. “The chopsticks each have an individual role, but in order not to drop your food, they have to work together. Right?” I smiled. “Exactly.” And suddenly, being closer with my father was not hard any longer. (158 words)【范文解析】 范文的第一段分析了两个原因，解析了为什么家人不一起用餐会给孩子带来负面的影响， 即独自一人就餐会吃大量的不健康的事物，以及独自一人就餐会导致孩子会慢慢被人疏远。 这两个原因是承接原文中的第三段话展开的。这种分析合情合理。范文的第二段则讲述了作 者在他们最喜欢的中餐馆就餐是所发生的一个小小的插曲，从而使作者与父亲之间的关系一 下子拉进了许多。 【提炼归纳】 1. 挖掘故事与论点之间的关系。文章第一段讲述了作者的一次经历，进而引出了第二 段与第三段的进一步的分析，这种叙述结构符合“例举现象---分析现象---寻找原因---解决问 题”这一表述方式，从而可以让我们很好地把握文章第一段与续写的第二段、文章的第二、 三段与续写的第一段之间的关系。 2. 把握拓展话题的方式。文章的第一段与续写的第二段之间是一个联系及其紧密的两 件事情，但是都是围绕“家庭、朋友与周围的人”这个话题中的“家人与亲属之间的关系” 展开的。因此，如何拓展对同一话题的纵深表述，这是我们在续写中所要密切关注的。本文 就是围绕“与父亲共进晚餐”这件事，通过两次经历说明其重要性的。