专题 04 动词的时态和语态
I.单项填空
1.【2020·江苏】22．If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution that ______ everyone.
A．suit B．suited C．suits D．has suited
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：如果你从各个方面看问题，你可能会找到一个适合每个人的解决方案。句
子描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时；此处是定语从句谓语动词，先行词是 a solution，从句谓语动词应
使用第三人称单数形式。故选 C。
2.【2020·江苏】Instead of getting down to a new task as I _____, he examined the previous work again.
A．had expected B．have expected C．would expect D．expect
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:他没有像我所期望的那样着手做新工作，而是又检查了一遍以前的工作。此
处描述的动作发生在 examined 之前，属于”过去的过去”，应使用过去完成时。故选 A。
3.【2020·天津】2．—You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks. It’s because I ______ a lot these days.
A．have been practising B．was practising
C．would practise D．had practised
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意:-你游泳很棒。-谢谢。这是因为这些天我一直在练习。根据时间状语 these days(这
些天)可知，”练习游泳”从数天前开始，一直持续到现在，因此该句应用现在完成进行时态。故选 A。
4.【2020·天津】9．The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______ around that level
since.
A．are remaining B．have remained
C．is remaining D．has remained
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:20 世纪 90 年代初，医学院的数量达到了 18 所，此后一直保持在这个
水平。ever since”从那以后”作时间状语，句子用现在完成时态。主语为 the number of medical schools，the
number of 表示”……的数目”，中心词是 number，所以是单数，作主语时，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
综上，故选 D。5.【2019·江苏】 22.The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last three
months.
A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give
【答案】B
【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了
十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除 AD 选项。本句主语为 the
musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人
称单数形式。故选 B。
6.【2019·江苏】29.A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ___________ in love with the people
and culture there.
A. would fall B. had fallen C. has fallen D. fell
【答案 D
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：他到中国几个月后，就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。发生在 had arrived 之
后的动作或状态应用一般过去时。故选 D。
7.【2019·江苏】33.They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_________ by 2022 for the Beijing Winer
Olympics.
A. will install B. will have been installed C. are installed D. have been installed
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：他们正努力确保在 2022 年北京冬奥会之前安装 5G 终端。表示在将来某
一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，用将来完成时。“5G 终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，
故选 B。
8.【2019·天津】2.I __________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it.
A. had hoped B. am hoping
C. have hoped D. would hope
【答案】A
【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：我本来计划在 Peter 结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。第二个分
句中“couldn’t”用的是一般过去时，它之前的动作用过去完成时。故选 A。
9.【2019·天津】8.Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last
week.
A. is given B. are givenC. was given D. were given
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查时态和语态。句意：艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。根据 last
week 可知应用过去时，排除选项 A 和 B。as well as 连接并列主语，谓语动词就前原则。这句话真正的主语
是 Amy，她受到热烈欢迎，所以用过去时的被动。故选 C。
10.【2018·北京】1. —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around?
—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday.
A. start B. have started C. started D. had started
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：——嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。——你好，彼得。
我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知，Bob 现在在这儿，他开始(start)住在这儿是
发生在周一的事情，周一是一个过去的时间，故该句应用一般过去时态，C 选项正确。
11.【2018·北京】4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I
visited her last year.
A. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：Susan 已经辞去了高薪的工作。去年当我探望她的时候，她正在一个社区里做志
愿者。Susan 辞职发生在她当志愿者之前，had quit 是过去完成时态，过去完成时态通俗的说就是“过去的过
去”，且结合时间状语 when I visited her last year 可知，Susan 做志愿者是过去的某个时间段发生的情况，故
该空应用过去进行时态。B 选项正确。
12.【2018·北京】7. China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，中国的高速铁路已经从 9,000 公里增长到 25,000 公里。该句
时间状语为 in the past few years。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况，故该句应用现在
完成时态。B 选项正确。
13.【2018·北京】9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two
days.
A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped
【答案】D【解析】考查语态和时态。句意：一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。“who ___
in the mountains for two days”是定语从句，修饰 two tourists，two tourists 和 trap 之间是被动关系，该空应用
被动语态。由 risked 可知，营救人员救游客是过去的事情，被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前，即“过
去的过去”，该空应用过去完成时态。综上，D 选项正确。
14.【2018·天津】13. My washing machine ___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
A. was repaired B. is repaired
C. is being repaired D. has been repaired
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句 so I have to wash my
clothes by hand.可知，洗衣机正在修，故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选 C。
15.【2018·江苏】31. Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we _______ more
convenient electronic communication tools by then.
A. have developed B. had developed
C. will have developed D. developed
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：希望在 2025 年，我们不再互相发电子邮件，因为到那时候我们将开发更方便的
电子通信工具。根据时间状语 in 2025，可知用将来时；再根据时间状语 by then 到那时，可知用完成时。结
合两者可知用将来完成时。故选 C。
16.【2018·江苏】30. I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _______ in the past two
years.
A. had been carried out B. would be carried out
C. is being carried out D. has been carried out
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意：上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何执行的。根据句中
时间状语 last month 和 in the past two years 可知用过去完成时。故选 A。
17.【2017·天津】8. I ________down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
A. was driving B. have driven C. would drive D. drove
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我正开车去伦敦这时我突然发现我走错路了。根据固定句型：was/ were doing sth + when
(suddenlu) did ... 句意：正在做某事，就在这时（那时）突然，根据句意，故选 A。【名师点睛】这时考查与时态有关的固定句型。：was/ were doing sth + when (suddenlu) did ... 这时一个常用
固定句型，是学生必须掌握的重点句型之一，词句型还有另外两种结构：was / were about to do + when did ;
had done + when + did 。 在这三个句型中，when 引导的并列句，意为：就在这时（那时）突然....。
18.【2017·江苏卷】27. He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _______.
A. was being followed B. was following C. had been followed D. followed
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：考查动词的时态和语态。he 和 follow 是动宾关系，即他被别人跟踪，排除 B/D；根据句意“在
匆忙赶回家的路上，他从未回头看是否被跟踪”，用过去进行时最合适，故选 A。句意：他匆匆忙忙往家
赶，就是不回头看一看是否有人跟踪自己。
19. 【 2017· 江 苏 卷 】 31.He’s been informed that he _______ for the scholarship because of his academic
background.
A. hasn’t qualified B. hadn’t qualified C. doesn’t qualify D. wasn’t qualifying
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：他已经被告知由于教育背景的原因而没有资格获得奖学金。qualify for
sth 达标，获得参赛资格。由于条件不满足而没有资格做某事，是客观事实，故选 C。
20.【2017·北京卷】33. People______ better access to health care than they used to, and they’re living longer as a
result.
A. will have B. have C. had D. had had
【答案】B
【解析】句意：人们有着比过去更好的医疗保险，结果他们更长寿。与过去对比是现在，所以 than 前一句
话是用现在的时间，而且后一句用的就是现在时态，所以前面也用现在时态，故选 B。
21.【2017·北京卷】29. In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones
_______ yet.
A. haven’t invented B. haven’t been invented
C. hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been invented
【答案】D
【解析】句意：在美国 20 世纪 50 年代的时候，大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话，并且无线电话还根本没
有发明出来。根据句意可知用被动语态，排除 AC，事情发生在过去，与现在无关，不用现在完成时，排除
B，故选 D，过去完成时的被动语态。
22.【2017·北京卷】24. —______ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?—Yes. They are happy with it.
A. Did you call B. Have you called C. Will you call D. Were you calling
【答案】A
【解析】句意：--你昨天有没有给那家公司打电话问问他们对我们的产品感觉怎么样？--打了，他们此刻正
用得很开心。空格所在题干有一个很明显的时间状语 yesterday，发生在过去，肯定用过去式，故选 A。
23.【2016·北京】21. Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred.
A. works B. has worked C. was working D. would work
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。根据 occurred 可知，这里指过去某时刻
正在发生的事情，断电时，杰克正在工作，综合用过去进行时，故选 C。
24.【2016·北京】23. —Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?
—The new Star Wars. We ________ here for more than two hours.
A. waited B. wait C. would be waiting D. have been waiting
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。句意：——打扰了，你们在等哪一部电影？——《星球大战》，我们已经在这儿等了两
个多小时了。“for+时间段”与完成时连用，根据语境可知，说话的时候仍然在等，因此用现在完成进行时，
故选 D。
25.【2016·北京】25. I ________ half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.
A. read B. have read C. am reading D. will read
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：我已经看完了这本英文小说的一半，周末会尽力把另一半看完。发生在过去的
动作对现在产生影响，用现在完成时。“看小说”这一动作发生在过去，到目前为止看了一半，故用完成时，
故选 B。
26.【2016·北京】30. The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ with success
in the end.
A. rewarded B. were rewarded C. will reward D. will be rewarded
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：学生们一直在刻苦学习功课，他们的努力(将来)一定会得到回报。根据句
意可知，回报是将来要发生的事情，应该用将来时；efforts 和 reward 是被动关系，应该使用被动语态，故
选 D。27. 【2016· 江苏】22.More efforts, as reported, ______in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural
reform.
A. are made B. will be made C. are beingmade D. have been made
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：正如报道的那样，在未来几年将做出的努力，以加速供给结构改革的速度。
本句的时间状语“in the years ahead 在未来的几年里”和将来时连用，且 efforts 与动词 make 构成被动关系，
所以使用被动语态。所以要使用一般将来时的被动语态形式，故 B 正确。
28.【2016·江苏】29.Dashan, who _________crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it
up
with the Western stand-up tradition.
A. will be learning B. is learning C. had been learning D. has been learning
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。本句的时间状语是“for decades 几十年来”，该时间状语通常和现在完成的有关时态连用，
本句强调这几十年来大山一直努力把中国相声和西方的脱口秀相结合。所以使用现在完成进行时，强调动
作的延续性和反复性。故 D 正确。
29.【2016·天津】3. When walking down the street, I came across David, when I _____ for years.
A. didn’t see B. haven’t seen C. hadn’t seen D. wouldn’t see
【答案】C
【解析】句意：当沿着街道散步的时候，我遇见了多年未见的 David。根据语境，“not see”这个动作发生在 come
across 之前，是过去的过去发生的动作，用过去完成时。故选 C。
30.【2016·浙江】9. Silk ______ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.
A. had become B. was becoming C. has become D.is becoming
【答案】A
【解析】句意：到公元前 100 年为止，丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。时间状语是 by+过去
时间，谓语用过去完成时。故选 A。
31.【2015·北京】22.--Did you enjoy the party?
--Yes,we___by our hosts.
A.were treated B.would be treated. C.treated D.had treated
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你喜欢这个聚会吗？——是的，我们的主人很好的招待了我们。根据上一句中的 did 可知用一般过去时；且 we 和 treated 是动宾关系，用被动语态。空中应用一般过去时的被动语态，故选 A。
32.【2015·北京】26.In the last few years,China ___ great achievements in environmental protection.
A.has made B.had made C.was making D.is making
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在过去的这些年里，中国在环境保护中取得了很大的成就。由时间状语 in the last few years
可推知动作从过去一段时间持续到现在并对现在造成影响，用现在完成时。故选 A。
33.【2015·北京】27.—Did you have difficulty finding Ann' house?
—Not really.She___us clear directions and we were able to find it.easily?
A.was to give B.had given C.was giving D.would give
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——你觉得找到安娜家的位置困难么?——不会。她告诉我们很清晰的方向，并且我们很容
易就找到了。根据题干可知，安娜告诉他们方向发生在他们找到她家之前，因此，发生在过去动作之前的
动作要采用过去完成时。故选 B。
34.【2015·北京】30. —Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.
—All right. I____ him later.
A. will call B. have called C. call D will be calling
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——Dr.Jackson 现在不在办公室。——好的，我待会再打给他。由 later 可知，表示的是将
来要执行的动作，用一般将来时。故选 A。
35.【2015·重庆】1. —Is Peter coming?
—No, he____ his mind after a phone call at the last minute.
A. changes B. changed C. was changing D. had changed
【答案】B
【解析】句意：彼得来了吗？没有，刚才接到一个电话后改变主意了。根据 at the last minute 在最后一秒可
能发生在过去，故用一般过去时。
36.【2015·重庆】13. In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat____ cut.
A. will have been B. will be C. was D. has been
【答案】D
【解析】句意：在我的家乡，麦子丰收过后农民会有一个庆祝晚餐。现在完成时表示动作已经完成，才会
举行庆祝活动，故选 D 项。 37.【2015·浙江】8. Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he a famous scientist
whose theories would change the world.
A. has been B. had been C. was going to be D. was
【答案】C
【解析】句意：爱因斯坦出生于 1879 年，小的时候很少人猜到他将会成为一个伟大的科学家，他的理论将
会改变全世界。根据句意，应该是表达过去将来时，所以只有 C 选项符合。该选项是使用过去进行时表将
来。A 选项是现在完成时（用以表达过去的动作对现在的影响，往往有一些关键的词比如说 since 或者是 for
加一段时间），B 选项是过去完成时(具备的条件是有两个动词，而且其中一个动作要在另一个动作之前发生，
那么这个之前发生的动词就使用过去完成时)，C 选项是过去进行时（过去进行时表示过去某一此刻正在进
行的动作，另外动词 going 的进行时还可以表达将来），D 选项是过去时（表达过去的动作）。结合以上的表
述以及后句使用的情态动词 would（will 的过去时，用于过去将来时），分析可知答案就是 C。
38.【2015·天津】9. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement______ so far by the two sides.
A. has been reached B. was reached
C. will reach D. will have reached
【答案】A
【解析】句意：尽管之前多轮谈判，但到目前为止双方没有达成任何协议。根据句中的时间状语 so far“到
目前为止”可知用现在完成时。主语 agreement 与 reach 为被动关系，根据句意可知选 A。
39.【2015·天津】6. Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ______ a class at that
time.
A. will teach B. would teach
C. has taught D. will be teaching
【答案】D
【解析】句意：简不能参加今天下午 3 点钟的会议，因为她那个时候在一个班上课。根据句中的时间状语 at
that time，指代 at 3 o’clock this afternoon，表示在将来的某一时刻正在做某事，故用将来完成时。故选 D。
40.【2015·四川】4.More expressways in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
A. are being built B. will be built C. have been built D. had been built
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。本句为时态题，根据时间状语 soon 可知，考查了将来时，故选择 B。句意为：四川将
建设更多的高速公路以促进当地的经济。
41.【2015·陕西】24. At college, Barack Obama didn’t know that he the first black president of the United States of America.
A. was to become B. becomes C. is to become D. became
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在大学的时候，奥巴马不知道他将成为美国第一个黑人总统。用过去将来时表示过去某个
时间将要发生的事情，所以选 A。
42.【2015·陕西】22. Mary really hard on his book and thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.
A. worked B. has been working C. had worked D. has worked
【答案】B
【解析】句意：Marty 一直努力写书，我想他到周五为止将已经完成了。用现在完成进行时表示从过去到现
在一直进行的动作。所以选 B。
43.【2015·福建】30.—Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere.
—He went to the library after breakfast and ________________ his essay there ever since.
A. wrote B. had written C. has been writing D. is writing
【答案】C
【解析】考查现在完成进行时。根据句意：---彼得在那里，我哪儿都找不到他。---他在早餐过后就去了图
书馆，然后自从那以后他就一直在那里写论文。从句意中可以知道彼得是吃过早餐之后去了图书馆，从那
个时候开始他就一直在写论文，这个动作一直延续到了现在，所以用现在完成时。现在完成进行时表示动
作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在。故选 C
44.【2015·福建】26.To my delight, I from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
A. was chosen B. was being chosen C. would choose D. had chosen
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态和语态。根据句意：让我高兴的是，我从成百上千的参加者中被选中参加开幕式。可以
知道这里应该是被动语态，又因为被选中是过去发生的事情，这里只是对过去发生的事情的一般描述，故
用一般过去式，故选 A。
45.【2015·江苏】30.The real reason why prices ____ , and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion
can satisfactorily explain this problem.
A. were B. will be C. have been D. had been
【答案】A
【解析】句意：过去和现在价格一直居高不下的真正原因很复杂，简短的讨论解释这一问题无法让人满意。
根据题干中“and still are”的提示可知过去价格也居高不下，故用一般过去时，表示过去的状态。故选 A 项。46.【2015·安徽】29.It is reported that a space station ______ on the moon in years to come.
A. will be building B. will be built C. has been building D. has been built
【答案】B
【解析】句意：据报道，人们在接下来的几年里将在月球上建一个空间站。根据“in years to come”可知用将
来时，space station 和 build 是动宾关系，应该使用被动语态，故选 B。
47.【2015·安徽】24.Just as I got to the school gate, I realised I ______ my bank in the cafe.
A. have left B. had left C would leave D. was leaving
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我刚一到学校门口，就意识到我把书落在餐馆了。realized 后省略了 that，这里是一个宾语
从句，从句时态与主句保持一致，“落下”的动作发生在“意识到”之前，应该用过去完成时，故选 B。
48.【2015·湖南】28.He must have sensed that I ________ him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, "Why
are you staring at me like that?"
A. would look at B. looked at C. was looking at D. am looking at
【答案】C
【解析】过去进行时，是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作，如果没有具体的时间，可以从意
义上去把握。句意：他一定是注意到我在看着他。他突然看向我然后轻声问道：“你为什么要那样盯着我
看？”根据分析，此句在意义上应该用进行时，又根据此句中的 must have sensed 和 glanced at 可知是过去进
行时，故选 C
II.语法填空
1.（2020·新课标 I 卷语法填空）The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient
Chinese moon goddess 61． (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
【答案】touched
【解析】考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周
在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语 last week 可知应使用一般过去时，故填
touched。
2.（2020·新课标 I 卷语法填空）＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University,
says, ＂because it 67． (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68． (construct) .＂
【答案】means
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家 Carle Pieters 说：
“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是 it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式 means，故填 means。
【答案】is constructed
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语 construct
与主语 the moon 之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语 the moon
是单数，故填 is constructed。
3．（2020·新课标 III 卷语法填空）The artist was sure he would63．(choose), but when he presented his
masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed.
【答案】be chosen
【解析】考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人
笑了。本句中主语 he 与谓语动词 choose 构成被动关系，且 would 后跟动词原形。故填 be chosen。
4．（2020·新课标 III 卷语法填空）When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the
legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66． (point) down the river.
【答案】pointed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指
着河的下游。根据上文 they smiled and 可知此处应用一般过去时。故填 pointed。
5.（2020·浙江卷语法填空）And，as more children were born，more food 59．(need).
【答案】was needed
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和 need 之
间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food
为不可数名词。故填 was needed。
6.（2020·浙江卷语法填空）By about 6000 BC，people 61． (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to
raise.
【答案】had discovered
【解析】考查时态。句意：大约在公元前 6000 年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。
分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动
逻辑。by + 过去时间 译为“到……为止”，后面的句子用过去完成时。故填 had discovered.
7.（2020·浙江卷语法填空）New methods 65． (mean)that fewer people worked in farming.
【答案】meant
【解析】考查时态。句意：新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子，主句部分无其他动词，故此处需
填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时，根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填 meant。
8.（2020·山东卷语法填空）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38． (form) the core
collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.
【答案】formed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的 8 万件藏品构成了 1759 年开馆的大英博物馆的核心
藏品。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语 in1759 可知，应使用一般过去时。故填 formed。
9.（2020·山东卷语法填空）The parts of a museum open to the public 40． (call) galleries or rooms.
【答案】are called
【解析】考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，
应使用一般现在时；主语与 call 是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填 are called。
10.【2020·全国新课标 II】This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62． (carry) special significance.
【答案】carries
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表
语从句，从句主语为动名词短语 decorating with plants, fruits and flowers，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填
carries。
11.（2019 全国 I 卷）In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut _____ (report) increases in bear sightings
around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.
【答案】have reported
【解析】考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语 in recent years 可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填 have
reported。
12.（2019 全国 II 卷）Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene ______(declare) she had no
plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.
【答案】declared
【解析】考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知，该句主语为 Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文 had 以及 said 可
知用一般过去时态，故填 declared。
13.（2019 全国 III 卷）Our hosts shared many of their experiences and _____(recommend)wonderful places to eat，
shop，and visit.
【答案】recommended
【解析】考查一般过去时态。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、
购 物 和 参 观 的 地 方 。 “and” 前 后 两 个 动 作 “shared” 与 “recommended” 是 并 列 关 系 ， 时 态 一 致 。 故 填recommended。
14.（2019 浙江卷）When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ______ (have) to worry about
fashion(时尚).
【答案】will have/has
【解析】考查时态。句意：当每个学生在校穿校服时，没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是 when 引导的时间状
语从句，遵循主将从现原则，因此，主句可以使用将来时 will do；根据语境可知，本文叙述的是客观事实，
因此，本句亦可用一般现在时，主语是 nobody，谓语用 has。故填 will have/has。
15.（2019 浙江卷）One study in America found that students' grades _____ (improve) a little after the school
introduced uniforms.
【答案】improved
【解析】考查时态。句意：美国的一项研究发现，在学校引入校服后，学生的成绩有所提高。本句是 after
引导的时间状语从句，前后时态保持一致，从句使用了一般过去式，主句用一般过去式。故填 improved。
16.（2018 全国 I 卷）While running regularly can't make you live forever，the review says it (be) more
effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling or swimming.is
【答案】is
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。本文介绍了跑步的好处，通篇以一般现在时为主。本句中宾语从句与主句
的时态应保持一致，故用一般现在时；且宾语从句中的主语为 it，故用 is。
17.（2018 全国 II 卷）Since 2011, the country (grow) more corn than rice.
【答案】has grown
【解析】考查时态。由句中的时间状语 Since 2011 可知，此空应用现在完成时。
18. （ 2018 全 国 II 卷 ） The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 － when the government
______(start) a soiltesting program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers － and 2011,
fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
【答案】started
【解析】考查时态。根据语境可知，此处叙述发生在过去的情况，应用一般过去时，故填 started。
19.（2018 全国 III 卷）I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he
doesn't feel (challenge)．
【答案】challenged
【解析】考查时态。 此处表示“我迅速低下头避免和它直视，以便它不会感到受到挑战”，主语 he 和 challenge
构成被动关系，故填 challenged。20.（2018 全国 III 卷）True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature，the huge animal (mean) me no real harm.
【答案】meant
【解析】考查时态。由于此处描述的动作已经发生，故用一般过去时。
21.（2018 浙江卷） I still remember visiting a friend who'd lived here for five years and I (shock) when I learnt
she hadn't cooked once in all that time.
【答案】was shocked
【解析】考查时态和语态。根据语境可知，此处表示“我感到很震惊”，shock 与主语 I 为被动关系，同时根
据后面的 learnt 可知，时态为一般过去时，所 以填 was shocked。句意：我还记得访问过一个住在这里 5 年
的朋友，当我知道她在这段时间里没有煮过一次饭的时候，我很震惊。
22. 【2018·浙江】While regularly eating out seems to ___61___(become) common for many young people in
recent years, it’s not without a cost.
【答案】have become
【解析】考查动词时态。根据时间状语 in recent years 可知用现在完成时，seems to 后用动词原形，故填 have
become。
23.（2017 全国 I 卷）When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
【答案】are removed
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知此处用一般现在时，由于主语 fat and salt 是复数概念，
且与 remove 是被动关系，所以填一般现在时的被动语态结构 are removed。句意：当脂肪和盐被从食物中除
去时，食物的味道就好像它缺少某种东西一样。
24.（2017 全国 II 卷）Steam engines (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the
passengers，with all the smoke and noise.
【答案】were used
【解析】考查时态和被动语态。steam engines 与 use 是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被
动语态。句意：用冒着烟雾和带有噪音的蒸汽机拉马车，这对乘客来说一定是相当不愉快的体验。
25.（2017 全国 II 卷）Later, engineers (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道),
which became known as the Tube.
【答案】managed
【解析】考查时态。全文讲述的是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时。句意：后来，工程师们成功地在
一个深挖隧道的系统中建造铁路，这种系统被称为地铁。
26.（2017 全国 III 卷）Sarah (tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.
【答案】has been told/was told
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境，萨拉应该是“被告知”她能成为英国新的超模儿，可以用现在完
成时或一般过去时。句意：有人告诉萨拉，她可能成为英国的新超级名模，下一年可以赚一百万美元。
27.（2017 全国 III 卷）But at the moment，school (come) first.
【答案】comes
【解析】考查动词时态。此处为陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时。
28.【2017·浙江卷 6 月】Pahlsson and her husband 62.________ (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but
turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again，” she says. She never replaced it.
Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63.________ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and
was spread over the garden.
【答案】searched 【解析】考查动词的时态。根据语意可知，他们过去曾搜遍了整个厨房，故填 searched。
【答案】 swept 【解析】考查过去分词。此处是 get done 结构，表示被动，意为“被扫进了垃圾堆”。
29. (2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might (make) of gold
and silver with Chinese characters.
【答案】be made
【解析】考查情态动词表推测。be made 根据语境可知，筷子是被制造的。此处为含有情态动词的被动语
态 might be done。
30.【2016·全国新课标 I】So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where
ticket money helps pay for research, I_____62_（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.
【答案】was allowed
【解析】考查时态和语态。根据句意可知作者是被允许走近这些动物， be allowed to do sth“被允许做某
事”。
31.【2016·全国新课标 III】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 49 (be) too violent for use at the
table.
【答案】were
【解析】考查时态。根据句意可知，这里指的是刀子因太暴力而不适合在餐桌上使用，believed 后跟一个宾
语从句，and 连接了两个并列的谓语，主语 knives 是复数，根据时态一致的原则，这里用一般过去时，故填
were。32.【2016·上海】(B)In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems,
from high blood pressure to mental illness.
【答案】has been regarded
【解析】考查时态语态。本句的时间状语是 in recent years 最近几年以来，该时间状语通常和现在完成时连
用，且句子主语 stress 与动词 regard 构成被动关系，所以使用现在完成时的被动语态形式 has been regarded。
33.【2016·四川】
The giant panda 41 (love) by people throughout the world.
Then, after two and a half years, the mother 49 (drive)the young panda away.
【答案】is loved 【解析】句意：大熊猫被全世界的人喜欢。根据句意可知用一般现在时态的被动语态，The
giant panda 是单数第三人称形式，故填 is loved。
【答案】drove 【解析】句意：然后，两年半后妈妈让小熊猫离开。根据句意可知用一般过去时态，故填
drove。
34.(2015·全国Ⅰ,61)It was raining lightly when I (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.
【答案】arrived
【解析】根据前后句时态可知,此处用一般过去时。
35.(2015·全国Ⅰ,67)Yangshuo (be) really beautiful.
【答案】is
【解析】这里表述的是客观事实,故用一般现在时。
36.(2014·全国Ⅰ,61)It (be)unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.
【答案】was
【解析】此空应与后面的 could 在时态上保持一致,故用一般过去时。
37.(2015·全国Ⅱ,68)This cycle (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during
the night...
【答案】goes
【解析】此空应与后面的 warm 在时态上保持一致,故用一般现在时。
38.(2014·全国Ⅱ,65)A boy on a bike (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his
arms.
【答案】caught
【解析】根据下文中的 was 可知,该句谓语动词用一般过去时。
39.(2012· 新 课 标 Ⅰ,23)“Life is like walking in the snow,” Granny used to say, “because every step (show).”
【答案】shows
【解析】这句话说的是客观事实,故用一般现在时。
40.(2012·新课标Ⅱ,18)The manager (tell)the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.
【答案】has been telling
【解析】此处表示从九点钟一直持续并依然在进行的动作,故用现在完成进行时。
III.短文改错
1．（2020·新课标 II 卷短文改错）Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, but I have long
been out of practice.
【答案】start → started
【解析】考查时态。句意：事实上，我七岁时就开始学功夫了。分析句子，此处动词 start 讲述的是 7 岁的
时候，动词应该用过去时。故将 start 改为 started。
2. （2020·新课标 III 卷短文改错）For example, every morning, my dad has to have a bowl of egg soup while I
had to eat an apple.
【答案】had 改为 have
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据上下文的时态可知,需用一般现在时。
3. （2020·新课标 III 卷短文改错）My dad don’t like the soup and I don’t enjoy apples.
【答案】don’t 改为 doesn’t
【解析】考查主谓一致。此处指爸爸不喜欢喝鸡蛋汤,主语为第三人称单数,谓语部分的助动词应用第三人称
单数形式。此处为一般现在时,需用 doesn’t 。
4.（2019 全国 III 卷）Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts.
【答案】required 改为 requires
【解析】本句考查动词的时态。短文的主体时态都是现代时。故把 required 改为 requires。
5. （ 2018 全 国 I 卷 ） During my last winter holiday ， I went to the countryside with my father to visit my
grandparents. I find a big change there.
【答案】find 改为 found
【解析】本句考查动词的时态。find 改为 found。考查时态。根据前一句中的时间状语“During my last winter
holiday”可知，本文讲述作者去年寒假的故事。所以此处应用一般过去时，故把 find 改为 found。句意：在
去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下看望我的祖父母，我发现那里有很大的变化。
6.（2018 全国 II 卷）Still I unwilling to play the game with them sometimes. 【答案】在 I 后加 was
【解析】考查谓语动词。此句缺谓语动词，be unwilling to do sth.是固定用法，表示“不愿做某事”。结合语境
和时态可知，应用一般过去时，故在 I 后加 was。
7.（2018 全国 III 卷）It was Monday morning，and the writing class had just begin.
【答案】begin 改为 begun
【解析】考查谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处为过去完成时，故应用过去分词。
8.（2017 全国 I 卷）Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, but once I started
the car，my mind goes blank.
【答案】goes→went
【解析】考查谓语动词。文章描述过去的经历，上下文均使用了相应的过去时态，这里应保持一致，用一
般过去时，所以把 goes 改为 went。句意：在上车之前，我以为我已经领会了教练的指令，但是一旦我发动
了这辆车，我的头脑就变得空白了。
9. 【2018·全国 III】The classroom is a place for learning and that include leaning from textbooks, and mistakes as
well.
【答案】includes
【解析】考查时态及主谓一致。that 作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数 includes。
10.（2017 全国 II 卷）When summer came, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!
【答案】came→comes
【解析】考查谓语动词。 when 引导的时间状语从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。
11.（2017 全国 III 卷）I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years.
【答案】had 改为 have
【解析】考查谓时态。由 in the past few years 可知句子要用现在完成时。
12.（2017 全国 III 卷）About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year of high school and
become a new member of the school music club.
【答案】become 改为 became
【解析】考查谓时态。句子用了过去时，and 连接并列谓语 entered 和 became。故把 become 改为 became
句意：在这张照片拍摄一个月后，我进入高中二年级，成为学校音乐俱乐部的新成员。
13.[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]once I started the car, my mind goes blank.
【答案】goes 改为 went
【解析】考查时态。根据前文中的 started 可知时态为一般过去时，故将 goes 改为 went。14.【2016·全国新课标 I】Some people even had to wait outside
【答案】had →have
【解析】考查动词时态。 文章是介绍现在的情况，应该用一般现在时。
15.【2016·全国新课标 II】We can chose between staying at home and take a trip.
【答案】chose 改为 choose
【解析】考查句子结构。“情态动词+动词原形”才可以在句中作为谓语部分，而本句中 chose 是过去式。
16.【2016·全国新课标 III】They always tell me what to do and how to do it.
【答案】tell—told【解析】考查时态。通篇回忆过去的事情，使用的一般过去时，故把 tell 改为 told。
17.【2016·浙江】He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.
【答案】was 改成 were
【解析】这句话的主语是 we，谓语用复数，而且这篇文章是作者回忆小时候的事情，用一般过去时。故 was
改成 were。
18.(2015·全国Ⅰ,短文改错)When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there.
【答案】think →thought 这里用一般过去时,表示“过去认为”,故将 think 改为 thought。
19.(2015· 全 国 Ⅰ, 短 文 改 错 )Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very
serious problem.
【答案】去掉 been
【解析】主语与谓语为主动关系,这里不需要用被动语态。
20.(2015·全国Ⅰ,短文改错)We must found ways to protect our environment.
【答案】found →find
【解析】情态动词 must 后接动词原形。
21.(2015·全国Ⅱ,短文改错)Tony was scared and begun to cry.
【答案】begun →began
【解析】根据 and 前面的谓语动词的时态可知,此处应用一般过去时。
22.(2015·全国Ⅱ,短文改错)A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.
【答案】telling →told
【解析】tell 与前面的 saw 为并列谓语,故用一般过去时。
23.(2014·全国Ⅰ,短文改错)Since then—for all these years—we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where
they please.
【答案】had →have 【解析】根据前面的 Since then 可知,此处需用现在完成时,故将 had 改为 have。
24.(2014·全国Ⅱ,短文改错)My dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of flowers and trees
around the classroom buildings.
【答案】look →looks
【解析】该句主语是单数,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
25.(2014·全国Ⅱ,短文改错)We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening to music.
【答案】sat →sit
【解析】根据连词 or 和情态动词 can 可知,or 后面的动词应用原形。
26.(2013·全国Ⅰ,短文改错)I was only four when she passes away.
【答案】passes → passed
【解析】根据上下文时态一致原则,从句谓语动词应用一般过去时。
27.(2013·全国Ⅱ,短文改错)Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles.
【答案】drank →drunk
【解析】根据语境可知,此处应用 drink 的过去分词。
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