简单句：
并列句
复合句
转折
因果
并列
选择
名词性从句
形容词性从句：
副词性从句：
主语从句
宾语从句
表语从句
同位语从句
定语从句
状语从句
五种基本句型
句
子
的
类
型• 1 副词
• 2 介词短语 ：He traveled in Africa for six weeks.
• 3 形容词: My uncle stood there, died.
He finally came back, tired and cold.
• 4 with复合结构: With a lot of work to do, I think I
have no time to accompany you.
• 5 独立主格结构: He lay on his bed, his hands
under his head.
• 6 非谓语动词：to do ；
doing / having done
done
• 7 状语从句
状从定义：
在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从
句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动
词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。
从属连词：
用来连接两个句子，且一个句子从属于另
一个句子（即从句）的连词。从属连词主
要用于引导各种状语从句。 准确掌握每一个连词的含义
是掌握状语从句的关键。
同时要注意主从句的时态呼应。状语一般分为九大类
时间状语 地点状语 原因状语
目的状语 结果状语 条件状语
方式状语 比较状语 让步状语1.时间状语从句：
当…时候: when, while, as,
一…就： the moment, the minute, as
soon as, immediately, directly，no
sooner…than, hardly…when
每当：every time, each time
其他：before, after, till, until, since, When ---当……时候, 通常指某一特定的
时间点，主句与从句的动作同时发生。
When I opened the window, I
saw him come up.
When I have time , I will go to
see you. （主将从现）When --- 正在…的时候，突然…。在翻译的时候，
when 可以译成没想到或突然。(=and at that time)
I was walking along the street , when I met him.
I was about to fall asleep when my sister came in.
I am going to leave when the telephone rings.
I had finished reading when the light was off.When 当从句是进行时，主句是一般时，
往往表示不满。
Someone knocked at the door when I was
having breakfast.
When I was leaving the house, the postman
arrived.When the children had gone to bed, she began
to prepare her lessons.
When=afterWhile ---在……期间，往往指一段时间。
While we were in America, we saw him twice.
While we were talking, he came in.
Strike while the iron is hot. While ---表示一种不满情绪，意思是这边在干某种
重要的事，而另一边在享受等。(对比）
We are cleaning the classroom while they are
playing the football.
The soldier faces the powder while the beauty
powder the face.
While I am washing the floor, you can be
cleaning the windows.
将士阵前半生死，美人帐下犹歌舞。
前方吃紧，后方紧吃。As --- 一边……一边, 随着
She was doing her homework as she was
listening to the music.
As she grew older, she became more
beautiful.
She sang as she went along.As --- 当……时，指一个动作紧接着一个动
作发生，从句通常用进行时。
As I was going out, it began to rain.
I saw Mary as she was going on the bus.
As he was eating his breakfast, he heard someone
knock at the door.
Someone patted me on the shoulder as I was
standing before the shop window.As a child, he lived in the countryside.
as+n.=when
when he was a child ,he lived in the
countryside.The moment --- 一……就…… =as soon
as , immediately,
---Did you remember to give Mary the
money you owed her?
---Yes, I gave her the moment I saw her.①as soon as
“as soon as” 是“一……就……”最普通的表达方法，前一个“as” 是副词，后一个“as” 是连词，引导时间状语
从句。
He got married as soon as he left university.他一离开大学就结婚了。
② directly“directly”可以用作连词，常用于非正式文体中，相当于“as soon as”。
I came directly I got your message. 我一接到你的信就赶来了。
③. immediately
“immediately”可以用作连词，主要用于英国英语中，相当于“as soon as”。
I came immediately I heard the news.我一听到这个消息，马上就来了。
④. once“once”用作连词，相当于“as soon as, from the moment that”，意为“一旦……就……”、“当……就
……”。
Once he arrives we can start. 他一到我们就可以动身。
注意①：“once”引导时间状语从句，但常常隐含条件。
--Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?--Yes. I gave it to her the momentI saw her.
注意②：“once”后面的从句中常可采用省略结构。
Once seeing it (＝Once you see it )，you can never forget it.
Once seen ( = Once it is seen )，it can never be forgotten.
一旦见到了就永远不会忘记。
⑤. on/upon ＋ 名词/动名词“on/upon”用作介词，后接名词或动名词作宾语，意为“immediately after, at the time
of”。
On his arrival at the airport, he was greeted by the Prime Minister.
他一到达机场便受到总理的欢迎。
On inquiring, we found that the plane had already left.
经询问，我们才知道飞机已经飞走了。
⑥. immediately after“immediately after”后接名词、代词或从句，相当于“as soon as”，意为“一……就……”
I came immediately after lunch. 我一吃完午饭就来了。
I got in touch with him immediately after I received the letter. 我一接到信就和他联系了。
⑦. ① hardly…when…② scarcely…when…③ barely…when…④ no sooner…than…
The game had hardly/scarcely/barely begun when it started raining.
比赛刚一开始就下起雨来了
The game had no sooner begun than it started raining.比赛刚一开始就下起雨来了Not… until \till--- 直到……才
He didn’t leave the office until he finished
the work.
=He left the office when he finished the
work.
Not …until 可以和 when 互换
He waited untill\till his mother came back.
Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers
realize how serious the pollution was.Before (连|介词）--- 在……之前
The passengers should arrive at the airport an
hour before the flight departs.
Did you work as a stewardess before you come
to this company?
He ran off before I could stop him.
It was not long before I forgot it all.(1)beforesbcan/could… 某人还没来得及……
例：BeforeIcouldgetinaword，
hehadmeasuredme.
我还没来得及插话，他就给我量好了尺寸。
(2)Itwillbe+时间+before+ 还有多长时间……
例：Itwillbe4yearsbeforehegraduates.
他还有四年时间变毕业了。
(3)haddonesometimebefore(才……)
例：
Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawland.
我们航行了四天四夜才见到陆地。
(4)hadnotdone...before... 不到……就……
例：Wehadn’trunamilebeforehefelttired.
我们还没走到一英里路就觉得累了。
(5)Itwasnot+一段时间+before不多久就……
例：Itwasn’ttwoyearsbeforeheleftthecountry.
还
没到两
年他们
离开了
那国家。
before 句型：
(1)before sb. can/could… 某人还没来得及……
Before I could get in a word，he had measured me.
我还没来得及插话，他就给我量好了尺寸。
(2)It will be+时间+before+ 还有多长时间……
It will be 4 years before he graduates.
他还有四年时间就毕业了。
(3)had done sometime before(才……)
We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.
我们航行了四天四夜才见到陆地。
(4)had not done...before... 不到……就……
We hadn’ trun a mile before he felt tired.
我们还没走到一英里路就觉得累了。
(5)It was not+一段时间+before不多久就……
It wasn’t two years before he left the country.
还没到两年他们离开了那国家。
After (连|介词）--- 在…… 之后
The customer left the ticket counter after he
had a quarrel with the ticket agent.
The plane took off after the air traffic
controller gave clearance.Since ---自从……, 通常主句用现在完成时
I have never been there again since I graduated from the
university.
The captain has traveled almost everywhere in the world
since he became a pilot.
It is just a week since we arrived here.
(It is /has been… since…是常用句型）
1.since从句动词若是瞬间或终止性动词如：begin, join, come leave, become, decide,
marry, meet, give, start, deliver等表示肯定。
2.since从句用持续性动词如：work, stay, study, smoke, say, play, read, teach等表示
否定。
It's four years since they married. 他们结婚已经4年了
It's eight months since she taught English. 她不教书已经8个 月了。As soon as --- 一……就……
Jack went to school as soon as he got well.
I’ll ring you up as soon as I get an answer
from him. No sooner than --- 一……就……
No sooner had he arrived than he went away
again.
no sooner… than… 用于句首要求倒装
Hardly …when…
Scarcely …when…Once you see him, you will never forget him.
Once --- 一但……就……Every time, each time 每次
whenever 每当
Each time he came to town, he would visit our
school.
Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to
help us. 2.条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的连接词有:
If, unless,
as\SO long as,
in case,
provided that,
on condition thatIf ---如果
If you don’t hurry up, you will miss the
plane.
If it snows tomorrow, the flight will be
canceled.
If you leave at 6 o’clock tomorrow
morning, you’d better get to bed now. Unless --- 如果不, 除非=if not
We can’t get there on time unless we book the earliest
flight。
= We cannot get there on time if we don’t book the
earliest flight.
He will not join us unless he changes his mind.
Don’t trouble trouble unless trouble troubles you. As long as --- 只要
We will succeed as long as we keep on trying.
A man is not old as long as he is seeking something. A
man is not old until regrets take the place of dreams.
只要一个人还有追求，他就没有老。直到后悔取代了梦想，一个人才算老。
You won't play games as long as you remember the rules.
只要你还记的规矩,就不会去玩游戏。As (so) far as --- 据……所知
As far as I know, he speaks English very well.
As/So far as I know, he is an expert on DNA. In case --- 假使, 如果
The plane cannot take off in case it rains.
Send us a message in case you have any
difficulty. Provided that 如果,有时省略 that
The plane will be in good condition
provided that it is taken care of carefully.
You can become a stewardess provided that you
are in good shape and you have got the proper
education.On condition that --- 条件是…
He said that he would come to the meeting on
condition that no one asked him to speak.
The mother promised to the son to buy him a
toy airplane on condition that he passes his
English test.注:主从句的动作发生在将来时，则主句用将
来时, 从句用一般现在时。
If he arrives tomorrow, I will be waiting for him
at the airport.
He said he would not leave unless it was
fine next day.3.地点状语从句
地点状语从句只有两个连词:
Where, whereverWhere --- 在……地方
Put the medicine where you can easily get it.
Put the medicine at the place where you can easily
get it.
Where that high building stands, there used
to be some low, deserted houses.
Where there is a will, there is a way.Wherever --- 无论哪里
He follows her wherever she goes.
Wherever you are, I will be right there waiting
for you.4.原因状语从句
because, as,
since= now that,
considering that,
seeing that
这六个连词都用于表示表示原因, 但在
语气上一个比一个弱.
for为并列连词Because --- 因为,通常从句放在主句后.
可用在强调句；回答why提出问题
Mr Smith was very upset because he couldn’t find his
luggage.
He said that he couldn’t work because the computer
was out of order.
I succeed because I willed it, I never hesitated.
I do it because I like it. As --- 因为, 通常放在句首
As it is quite windy today, he decides not go
there.
As he is honest and modest, all his friends like
him.Since ---既然 因语气较弱, 常译为既然
Since everybody has come, we can set
off.
Since the purser didn’t tell us what to
do, we can relax.Now that --- 既然
Now that you are here, you can join us.
Now that all airlines offer discount
prices, we should do the same.considering that --- 顾及到
Considering that they are just
beginners, they are doing quite a good
job. seeing that --- 由于
Seeing (that) quite a few people
were absent, we decided to
put the meeting off. 5.结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的连词有：
that, so that, so…that…
such…thatSo… that --- 太……以至于 so 后面应用
形容词或副词, 有时省略so只用that
Boeing 747 is so large that people like to call it
jet bomb.
The flight scheduled so early that nobody
wanted to look on it.So that --- 因而，以便，为了 有时so 可以省
去
Can you move your luggage a little bit away so that I
can put mine in the overhead bin too.
Speak louder please so that the people at the back
can hear you.
When you skin your customers, you should leave some
skin on to grow so that you can skin them again.
如果你要剥客户的皮，你应当给他们留点皮，别剥光，让它长新皮，这样你下次还可
以继续剥他们的皮。——前苏联政治家 赫鲁晓夫 N.Such …that… ---太……以至于 用法与so…that相
同，但such 后面应用名词。
The foreign visitor was such a fast speaker that
nobody could understand him.
The Canadian airline’s hangar is such a huge
building that it can hold two medium-range jets at
the same time.
She is such a lovely girl that we all like her.
She is such a lovely girl as we all like . 6.目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的主要连词
有:
that, so that, in order that,
for fear that, lestLet’s take the front seats (so)
that we may see more clearly.
(So) that --- 以便, 从句中常常使用一些情态动词，
如：can, could, may, might, should等 in order that --- 为了, 与so that 相同，从句中常常
使用一些情态动词，如：can, could, may, might,
should等
School was closed early in order that the
children might go home ahead of the
storm. for fear that --- 生怕; 为了防止(某事发生)
He took the name down for fear that he should
forget it.
The instructor emphasized on the issue three
times for fear that the students did not pay
enough attention to the problem.in case --- 万一
Better take more clothes in case the weather
is cold.
You should bring a dictionary in case you
need it.
Please take an umbrella in case it rains.Lest --- 以防万一
The man decided to tell his boss the fact lest
he would be angry with him.
The manager of the workshop asked his staff
to work overtime lest they wouldn’t finish the
task on time.7.比较状语从句
引导比较状语从句的连词有：
As…as…, not so (as)…as…, .
…than…, the more… the
more... As…as… --- 像……一样
If you don’t want to miss the flight, you need to be
at the airport as early as possible.
My grandma told me that her eyesight was as good
as 10 years before.
Cultivation to the mind is as necessary as food for
the body.Not so (as)… as… --- 不像……
The job is not so difficult as I thought it would
be.
The flight was not so/as harmful as the captain
predicted.…than… ---比……怎么样，用于事物间的比较，
more 后面用形容词或副词
People believe that being a stewardess is better than
most of the other jobs.
I personally think that the American movies are more
interesting than Chinese ones.
A beautiful form is better than a beautiful face; a
beautiful behavior (is) than a beautiful form.
美丽的外形胜过美丽的脸蛋,美丽的行为的胜过美丽的外形。The more…, the more --- 越…… 越
The more he listened to that song, the less he
enjoyed it.
The more things a man is ashamed of, the more
respectable he is.
知耻者受尊重。
（George Bernard Shaw 萧伯纳
一个人感到羞耻的事越多，他就越值得尊敬。）8.让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句的连词有：
although, though, as,
even if, even though,
no matter......,
however, whatever,
while,
whether
介词：in spite of, despite, regardless of +n.Although, though ---虽然 although 和though 可以
互换，但although 常放在句首。Though可以用于
倒装。
Although it was raining, the plane managed to take
off.
Although it was not his fault, he took all the blame.
Though he did his best, he didn’t succeed.
Child though he was, he did quite well.As --- 尽管 as 引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒
装。可与though 互换。
Busy as he is, he never misses a football match.
Hard as she works, she makes little progress.
表语，状语，动词原形放在as 之前
adj./n./adv./v.+as+主语+其他成分
Try as you may,you will never succeed.
Girl as she is, she makes a big difference.Even if /even though ---即使
Even if you don’t like your boss, you should do your
work.
Even if you are not fond of flowers, you shouldn’t
miss the chrysanthemum exhibition.
Even though I might be wrong, I will go my way.
Even though his dean didn’t mean it, he still felt
embarrassed.However --- 不论， however 引导让步状语从句时，
句子通常倒装
He couldn’t get there on time however fast he
drove.
The father couldn’t make his daughter smile
however hard he tried.N o matter (what, when, where, how) ---无论（什么，
何时，何地，怎样）
Please tell me the result no matter when you get it.
The old man wouldn’t believe anything no matter what
you said.
He wouldn’t forgive me no matter how hard I begged
him.
I will find you no matter where you hide.Whatever --- 不管
Whatever other people may say, she won’t
change her mind.
Whatever you do, it won’t affect our plan.While ---尽管
While I have sympathy for you, I can’t help
you.
While it’s none of my business, I will watch
you.Whether ---不管，常与or not 连用
Whether he is good or not, the company
decided to send him abroad.
Whether his proposal is practical or not, the
department plans to adopt.9. 方式状语从句
方式状语从句常由:
as, as if, as thoughas ---与…… 一样
Do in Rome as the Romans do.
Leave things as they are. as if, as though --- 仿佛, 由as if或 as though引导的
从句中可用虚拟语气 ，从句常省略
She stood at the door as if (=as though) she
were waiting for someone.
Live as if your were to die tomorrow.
Learn as if you were to live forever.假如as if 引导的从句是“主语+ 系动词”结构，可省略主
语和系动词等成份，这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、
形容词（短语）或动词ing形式等。
He acts as if (he was) a fool.他做事像个傻子。
He paused as if (he was going) to let the sad memory pass.
他停了下来，就似乎要把悲伤的记忆抹去。
The girl left the room hurriedly as if (she was) angry.
女孩匆忙离开房间，似乎生气的样子。
From time to time, Jason turned round as if (he was)
searching for someone.
贾森不时地转过身来，好象在找人。 1.考查状语从句中连词的选择
1. 条件状语从句
(1) we don’t stop climate change, many animals and
plants in the world will be gone.（2018 年北京卷单项填空第2 题改编）
(2) you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to
focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.（2018
年江苏卷单项填空第29 题改编）
(3) Make sure you save all your work on screen
____________________the computer breaks down.（2018 年3 月
天津卷单项填空第13 题改编）
(4) You won’t find paper cutting difficult
_____________________ you keep practicing it.（2015 年北京卷单项填
空第28 题改编）
If
Unless
in case/for fear that
so long as/as long as/if2. 时间状语从句
(1) Last winter ________________ I went there again, they had a
big separate house to raise dozens of chickens.（2018 年全国卷Ⅰ短文改错改
编）
(2) ___________ fat and salt are removed from food, the food
tastes as if it is it is missing something. （2017 年全国卷Ⅰ语法填空改编）
(3) _____________ the average age of the population increases,
there are more and more old people to care for.（2016 年天津卷单项填空第7
题改编）
(4) ___________ I started the car, my mind went blank.（2017 年全国
卷Ⅰ短文改错改编）
(5) We need to get to the root of the problem ___________
we can solve it.（2015 年天津卷单项填空第12 题改编）
(6) If you miss this chance, it may be years_____________
you get another one.（2015 年重庆卷单项填空第4 题改编）
when/as
When/As
As
Once
before
before3. 让步状语从句
(1)
______________ running regularly can’t make you live forever, the
review says it is more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling
or swimming.（2018 年全国卷Ⅰ语法填空改编）
(2) ___________ ____birds use their feathers for flight, some of
their feathers are for other purposes.（2017 年北京卷单项填空第25 题改编）
(3) ______________ scientists have learned a lot about the universe,
there is much we still don’t know.（2015 年安徽卷单项填空第23 题改编）
While/Though/Although
While/Though/Although
While/Though/Although4. 地点状语从句
(1) Located _____ the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will
contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.（2017 年江苏卷单
项填空第23 题改编）
(2) _____ he once felt like giving up, he now has the
determination to push further and keep on going.（2015 年安徽卷单项
填空第34 题改编）
(3) Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn’t get a taxi
_____________the bus had dropped her.（2014 年重庆卷单项填空第14 题
改编）
where
Where
where5. 原因状语从句
I really enjoy listening to music ___ it helps me
relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.（2016
年北京卷单项填空第33 题改编）
6. 方式状语从句
_____ a single word can change the meaning of a
sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a
paragraph. （2015 年浙江卷单项填空第9 题改编）
7. 目的状语从句
Let’s not pick these peaches until this weekend
_________they get sweet enough to be eaten.（2018 年天津卷单项填空
第4 题改编）
8. 比较状语从句
According to a review of evidence in a medical
journal, runners live three years longer__________
non-runners.（2018 年全国卷Ⅰ语法填空改编）
because
Just as
so that
than 2 考查特殊句式
(1) It was only when the car pulled up in front of our
house we saw Lily in the passenger seat.（2018 年天津卷单项
填空第14 题改编）
(2) It was when I got back to my apartment I
first came across my new neighbors.（2017 年天津卷单项填空第11 题改编）
(3）so clever__________(he)that we all like him.
(4)___________(虽然他聪明），he does not study well.
that
that
is he
Clever as he is
(5)Only when Lily walked into the office she realize that
she had left the contract at home.（2015 年天津卷单项填空第3 题
改编）
did3 考查从句中的时态和语态
(1) We won’t start the work until all the preparations
____________(make).（2014 年天津卷单项填空第11 题改编）
(2) James has just arrived, but I didn’t know
he_____________ ____ (come)until yesterday.（2014 年重庆
卷单项填空第8 题改编）
have been made
was coming/would come 4考查状语从句的省略
(1) If ____ (accept) for the job, you’ll be informed
soon.（2015 年北京卷单项填空第31 题改编）
(2) Children, when _________ (accompany) by their
parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.（2014 年湖南卷单项填空第21 题
改编）
（3）Though ___________(praise), she was still very modest.
(4)______________( 如果有必要），you may keep the book
for another week.
If necessary
accepted
accompanied
praised as用法
1、as做介词，意思是“作为”
French is known as the most beautiful language in the world.
法语以世界上最美丽的语言著称。
2、as做连词，引导时间状语从句，意思是“当……的时候”
My mother was cooking fish as I arrived home.当我到家的时候，我妈妈正在做鱼。
3、as做连词，引导原因状语从句，意思是“因为”
As rain has fallen, the air is cooler. 因为下过雨，所以空气比较凉爽。
4、as做连词，引导让步状语从句，意思是“虽然”
Young as he is, he has been one of the most famous painters in our country.
虽然他还很年轻，但已经成为我们国家最有名的画家之一。
5、as做连词，引导方式状语从句，意思是“以……方式”
Do as the Romans do when in Rome. 入乡随俗
6、as做连词，引导比较状语从句，意思是“和……一样”
it was as nice a day as we had ever spent.那是我们曾经度过的美好的一天。
7、as做关系代词，引导定语从句
This is the same game as I played yesterday.这和我昨天玩的游戏一样。1.______ you decide to take up,
you should try to make it a
success.
A. If
B. Whenever
C. Unless
D. Whatever2.It is foolish to take a taxi____
you can easily walk to the
station.
A. before
B. that
C. unless
D. when3.I’ll accept any job, _____ I
don’t have to get up early.
A. even though
B. though
C. in case
D. as long as4.___________ problems you
have, you can always come to
me for help.
A. What
B. Whatever
C. Whichever
D. Which5. ______ much advice I gave
him, he did exactly what he
wanted to do.
A. How
B. Whatever
C. However
D. No matter6.----Did you remember to give
Mary the money you owed
her?
---- Yes. I gave it to her ______
I saw her.
A. while B. the moment
C.suddenly D. once7. If we work with a strong
will, we can overcome any
difficulty, _______
great it is.
A. what
B. how
C. however
D. whatever8.I hurried _____ I wouldn’t be
late for class.
A. since
B. so that
C. as if
D. unless9. John plays football _____ , if
not better than, David.
A. as well
B. as well as
C. so well
D. so well as10. --What was the party like?
--Wonderful. It’s years
____ I enjoyed myself so
much.
A. after
B. when
C. before
D. since11.Don’t change your mind,
______ happens to you.
A. which
B. what
C. whichever
D. whatever12. ___________ he comes, we
won’t be able to go.
A. Without
B. Unless
C. Except
D. Even13. Nobody believed him
____________ what he said.
A. even though
B. even if
C. no matter
D. because14. I was watching TV _______
suddenly the lights went out.
A. when
B. while
C. as
D. for15. Take your umbrella with
you ____________ it rains.
A. if
B. as if
C. in case
D. as long as16.No sooner _______ entered
the office _______I heard the
telephone ringing.
A. had I, when
B. I had, than
C. had I, than
D. I had, when17. I had hardly arrived _____
he started crying to go home.
A. as
B. for
C. when
D. until18.It won’t be long ________
you regret what you said.
A. since
B. when
C. before
D. till19. The new secretary is
supposed to report to the
manager as soon as she______.
A. will arrive
B. arrives
C. is going to arrive
D. is arriving20. ______ the day went on,
the weather got worse.
A. With
B. Since
C. While
D. As
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