考点 30 阅读理解细节理解题
高考频度：★★★★★
考点详解
在历年高考阅读理解中，对细节理解类题型的考查同往年一样，依然占了较大的比例，全国及各省、
市均有对此题型的考查，无一例外。
细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信
息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我
们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。
常见的命题方式通常有：
1.特殊疑问句形式。以 when, where, what, which, who, how much/many 等疑问词开头引出的问题；
2. 以是非题的形式。true /false, not true / false 或 EXCEPT，近年这种题型较少；
3. 以 According to… 开头提问方式；
4. 以填空题的形式，如：
（1）To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are advised________.
（2）By the first sentence of the passage author means that________.
（3）It seems that now a country’s economy depends much on________.
（4）If you are interested in knowing about what people’s life will be, you may visit________.
（5）The policemen were told “to look the other way” (the underlined part in Paragraph 2) so that________ .
（6）The policeman who said “Good evening” to Rolls wanted to________.
5. 就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。
做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养
自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取 “带着问题找答案”的方法．先
从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及查
读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句．仔细品味，对照比较．确定答案。除了运用扫读
法(scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法．将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。
了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有如下几个特点：
（1）是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；（2）符合常识，但不是文章内容；（3）与原文的内容极其相
似，只是在程度上有些变动；（4）在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；（5）部分正确，部分错误。有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获
取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候（做判断、推断或结论的时候）能够准确而迅速地
将他们回忆起来。解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案与原
文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有
关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系
将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断．此类试题在高考中占大多数。
值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此需要我们在阅读中特别仔
细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。
细节理解题大致有如下几种常考题型：
题型一 描写类细节题
描写类细节题，常常考查考生对文中有关人物动作、思想感情、心理活动、观点，或事件的起因、发
展、过程、结果等方面的理解。这类描写信息往往较直接，一般不太需要考生对它们进行较深入的理解，
对于该类题，考生一般都可以较直接地从原文中找到与题目对应的有关信息。
典型剖析
【2020·全国卷 I，B】
Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome familiarity —
but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don’t
change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s true,
the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now and what
one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own
weight.
There are three books I reread annually. The first, which I take to reading every spring, is Ernest Hemingway’s A
Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人
陶醉的), an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the Firm,
her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortázar’s Save Twilight:
Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortázar.
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to
them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it’s you
that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
25. What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast?
A. It’s a brief account of a trip.
B. It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man.
C. It’s a record of a historic event.
D. It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris.
【答案与解析】
25. B 事实细节题 根据第三段 ... it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris … an aging writer looking back on an
ambitious yet simpler time. 可知，《流动的盛宴》(A Moveable Feast) 是海明威回忆年轻时在巴黎的生活的自传。
题型二 信息寻找题、广告阅读题
信息寻找题一般在应用文体中较常见，体现于查字典、阅读广告、公告、演出海报、车船航班时间表
等之中。这类阅读材料包含的某一方面的信息非常全面，能满足各种人对信息的需求，但在高考试题中，
常常是就某一方面提问，考生完全没有必要从头到尾仔细阅读，因为材料中有很多冗余无效信息。做此类
题时，宜采用“题干定全法”。即：先阅读题干，然后根据问题要求，有针对性地阅读相关部分快速寻找有效
信息。
广告是阅读理解题常考的一种题材。广告属应用文体。严格来说广告属快速寻找信息题。但是广告有
着其他快速寻找信息题不同的特点。广告文体简洁明快，省略了大量的词语，达到了篇幅小、信息多的目
的。同时具有语言精练，形象性、鼓动性强的良好效果。广告阅读题多为细节理解题，关键在于正确理解
广告内容。考生必须具备较强的语言运用能力，熟悉文化背景，利用各种手段（如：补全、联想、推测等）
正确解读广告的内容。通常运用“补全成分法”和“联想推测法”两种方法来解读广告的内容。做题方法同样采
用“题干定向法”。
（1）补全成分法
省略名在广告体阅读材料中大量出现，可以说广告阅读理解材料中大多数句子都是省略句。我们应结
合全文语境及逻辑关系将省略句补全，从而更加准确地理解。如：Driver wanted. 根据文义，可将该句补充
为：A driver will be wanted. (招聘一名司机)。
（2）联想推测法
在些广告时间、日期、地点、电话、票价等用了缩略词，甚至一概没有提及，这就需要考生前后连贯，
充分想象，整体理解。搜寻已知信息，推断语篇意义。为节省篇幅，特别是在商业广告中，常使用缩写词，尽管有些缩写不太规范，但却常用，常见的缩写
词有：
Tel. =telephone number
Ph. =phone Add (r). =address
co. =company Ltd=Limited
Max=maximum Min=minimum
hr=hour t=time
fig=figure ft=foot
ml=mile doz=dozen
Mt=Mountain P=page
prof. =professor Dr. =doctor
s=south n=north
w=west Sta=Station
pop=popular vs=versus
Xmas=Christmas info=information
VIP=very important persons hrs=hours
aft=after ad=advertisement
p/t=part time exp=experienced
PC=personal computer MA=Master of Arts
BS degree=bachelor's degree (学士学位)
典型剖析
【2020·全国卷 I，A】
Train Information
All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket
information, please ask at your local station or call 13-12-30.
While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be no guarantee of
connections between trains or between train services and bus services.
Lost property (失物招领)
Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services. The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located (位于) at Roma Street station.
Public holidays
On public holidays, generally a Sunday timetable operates. On certain major event days, i.e. Australia Day, Anzac
Day, sporting and cultural days, special additional services may operate. Christmas Day services operate to a
Christmas Day timetable. Before travel please visit translink.com.au or call TransLink on 13-12-30 anytime.
Customers using mobility devices
Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms. For assistance, please
call Queensland Rail on 13-16-17.
Guardian trains (outbound)
Depart Origin Destination Arrive
6:42pm Altandi Varsity Lakes 7:37pm
7:29pm Central Varsity Lakes 8:52pm
11:02pm Roma Street Varsity Lakes 12:22am
21. What would you do to get ticket information?
A. Call 13 16 17. B. Visit translink.com.au.
C. Ask at the local station. D. Check the train schedule.
22. At which station can you find the lost property office?
A. Altandi. B. Roma Street.
C. Varsity Lakes. D. Fortitude Valley.
23. Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes?
A. 6:42pm. B. 7:29pm. C. 8:57pm. D. 11:02pm.
【答案与解析】
21. C 事实细节题 根据第一段 For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30. 可知
答案。
22. B 事实细节题 根据 Lost property 中的 The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to
5:00pm and is located (位于) at Roma Street station. 可知答案。
23. B 事实细节题 根据 Guardian trains (outbound) 中的题型三 数据计算题
此类试题一般要求考生能根据阅读材料中给出的有关数据，找出计算关系，通过计算，得出正确的结
论。这类计算一般来说比较简单，关键是要弄清各数据间的逻辑关系，选准比较的数据，弄清单位换算关
系，确定计算方法，问题便迎刃而解了。对于数据较多、项目复杂用时间或空间跨度较大的短文，通常可
采用“列表法”，即按一定的规律将数据分门别类地列出，化模糊为清晰，为计算打下基础。对于相对不太复
杂的数据，可采用“推算法”，即以有关数据为基准，进行简单的运算就可得出。
典例剖析
【2020·黑龙江工农高三开学考试，A】
Magical History Tour
Join us for our fifth annual exploration of fascinating historic sites around Greater Portland that you’ve never
seen or maybe didn’t even know existed! The Magical History Tour is your key to unlocking fascinating historical
places that are not usually open to the public.It is a self-guided adventure guaranteed to amaze and amuse both adults
and children.Equipped with a map，and at your own pace，you will be greeted by guides at each location ready to
share the history of the tour stop.
In the 5th year of the Magical History Tour，we will be presenting an exciting mix of both new sites and
favorites from the past four years.
The Magical History Tour check in begins at 9:45 am at Maine Historical Society’s Brown Library.At this
time，you will find out where the tour will take you as you receive your map and ticket into each site.
Follow us on Facebook，Twitter，and Instagram for updates，chances to win tickets and some other exciting
opportunities；and feel free to share your tour experiences to our social media pages using # MHStour!
●Time:10:00 am—4:00 pm，Saturday，May 11，2019
●Location:485 Congress Street
●Tickets:Get your tickets online，by calling us at 207-774-1 822，or by visiting our Museum Store at 489
Congress Street.$25／Adult MHS Member；$35／Adult General Admission；$5／Juniors under age 18.
●Volunteering:We need volunteers for the Magical History Tour! Volunteers help for half the day of the tour
and are given a free ticket to the tour to enjoy either before or after their volunteer shift!
For more information，email us at events@mainehistory org or call us at 207-774-1822.
22．How much should a couple(one is MHS Member)and a kid pay?
A．$55. B．$65. C．$75. D．$105.【答案】
22．B
【解析】
22．细节理解题。根据 Tickets 部分中 Get your tickets online，by calling us at 207-774-1 822，or by visiting our
Museum Store at 489 Congress Street.$25／Adult MHS Member；$35／Adult General Admission；$5／
Juniors under age 18.可知一对其中一个是 MHS 成员的夫妻和一个孩子需要付：25+35+5=65 美元。故选 B。
题型四 排序题
这种试题要求考生根据事情发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件的正确顺序。
做此类题目可采用＂首尾定位法＂，即先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，这样可以迅速缩小选择范
围，从而迅速找到答案。阅读理解的文章如果是记叙文，排序题通常以事件发生的时间为线索；如果是说
明文，排序题通常以说明的先后顺序为线索；如果是议论文，排序题通常以逻辑顺序为线索。从近几年高
考试题来看，这类试题主要出现在记叙文和说明文中。
A few years ago, my husband and I were on an island for a week with our two little daughters. As we talked
about what to do next, our daughters jumped in and told us exactly what they wanted to do. We agreed.
As soon as we walked into the main area of Butterfly Museum, we saw thousands of beautiful butterflies. They
all flew with their colorful wings. My girls were jumping up and down. And I knew we had made the right decision to
come to the museum. They were having so much fun.
I turned to our guide and asked curiously，“How long do butterflies live?”she said, “About ten days.”
"What can butterflies do in ten days?”
The guide stopped, looked at me and said, “They make the world a more beautiful place.”
After we said goodbye, I couldn't stop thinking about what the guide had said. She was right. We all have
something to offer the world. If we all spend time doing what we can do for others, we can make the world a better
place.
5．Which is the proper time order of what happened?
a. The girls enjoyed themselves in Butterfly Museum.
b. My husband and I talked about what to do next.
c. The guide told me how the butterflies spent their life.
d. I kept thinking about the guide’s words.
A．b→a→c→d B．a→b→d→cC．a→d→b→c D．a→b→c→d
【答案】5．A
【解析】5．细节理解题。本文是细节题中的排序题，根据第一段可知作者和丈夫在讨论接下来做什么，孩
子建议我们去蝴蝶博物馆，在那里她们玩得很开心，作者问向导蝴蝶的有关情况，向导告诉作者蝴蝶一生
就是让这个世界更为美丽，我一直在思考向导说的话，给了我启示。故 A 项正确。解答此类试题时，不必
通篇细看原文，而常常可采取 “带着问题找答案”的方法．先从问题中抓住关键性词语。
题型五 图文转换题
此类试题要求根据短文中的描写找出相应的图形，或根据图形选出相应的文字。可采用“文字锁定法”，
即找出描述图形的句段，按“文”锁“图”，迅速锁定相关图形，或用“图形标示法”，在图形中标出相应的内容，
以便做题。
典例剖析
The Home of My People
When Lewis and Clark stepped onto the Weippe Prairie in present-day Idaho in September 1808, they met the
Nez Perce Indians. In the following years, the white explorers（探险者）began to fight with the Indians for their
land. Some Nez Perce chiefs signed agreements with the U.S. government, selling part of their lands. But the
government always broke those agreements and demanded more land.
Other chiefs refused to go along with the government’s plans. The most famous was Chief Joseph, whose
people lived in the Wallowa Valley（present-day Oregon）. “In order to have all people understand how much land we owned, ”he once explained, “my father planted
poles around it and said: ‘Inside is the home of my people…It circled around the graves（坟墓）of our fathers, and
we will never give up these graves to any man. ’”
But in 1874, the U.S. government declared the valley open for white settlement and ordered the Nez Perce
onto a reservation（保留地）. Seeing that resistance was useless, Chief Joseph agreed to move.
Later, fighting broke out between the Nez Perce and U.S. soldiers. Chief Joseph tried to lead his people to
Canada, winning several battles against the soldiers during their flight. But finally, he was forced to give in.
1. Which historic site （on the map）lies in the south of today’s Nez Perce Reservation?
A. Buffalo Eddy. B. Dug Bar.
C. Joseph Canyon Viewpoint. D. Chief Looking Glass Camp.
2. What can we learn about the Nez Perce lands from the map?
A. They were in the state of Oregon.
B. They have become a historic site.
C. They have become much smaller.
D. They were limited to the Wallowa Valley.
【答案与解析】
1.D 此题考查学生的图示理解能力。首先要找到并标出现在 Nez Perce Reservation 所在的位置，然后找到它
以南的历史景点。可以看到 Chief Looking Glass camp 位于 Nez Perce Reservation 的南部。
2.C 从地图中我们可以看到， Nez Perce 原先所拥有的土地比现在 Nez Perce 保留区的位置大多了。
6．代词指代题解题技能
代词指代题要求考生一定的上下文推测代词的指代意义。此类题一般是在人物或事物关系比较复杂的
情况下使用的一种题型，所以理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。
典例剖析
【2020·山东威海高三二模，B】
The way Jason Momoa describes Hawaii’s beloved inactive volcano, Mauna Kea, makes you understand why
it’s considered sacred(神圣的).
"It’s kind of the umbilical cord(脐带) to earth," the actor tells CNN. "You know, if you think about the Hawaiian
islands, that’s the biggest mountain in the world, right? All the way up. So Mauna Kea is the most sacred. We
call it the belly button, too. That’s like our birthplace. That’s how our islands were formed. So how can that not be sacred?"
He would know. Jason, a native of Hawaii, has had a near-constant presence there when he’s not working, fighting
with local protestors to stop the construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope, or TMT, which would drill directly
into the mountain and invade its precious water supply. So far, protestors have successfully blocked the only
road crews seeking to go up the mountain in order to build the billion-dollar observatory.
"It started in 2015. What’s happening over there was just not right," Jason says. "And I went over there to meet
with everyone to bring the point to the world." Jason joins the protests when he can. He cared so deeply about the
preservation of the land that when he had spare time to lend his support, he was there. "You also have to
remember, that’s our water source. So having an 18-story building built on top of the tallest mountain from the
sea level on our water level is terrible."
The Game of Thrones star says he feels the movement is working and describing his part in it as a calling to do
what he feels right in his soul. "There’s massive progress that’s bringing our people together," he says, adding, "I
think there are a lot of problems in Hawaii. There are a lot of things that have happened in our history, a lot of
injustice, and so we’re shining a light on it. People like myself or Dwayne Johnson, Bruno Mars are trying to
spread the concern all around the world. For my soul I need to be there."
25．What does “It” refer to in Paragraph 4?
A．The project of building TMT. B．The event of blocking the road crews.
C．The shooting of Game of Thrones. D．The movement of preserving the land.
【答案】25．A
【解析】25．词义猜测题。此题猜 it 的意思，it 是对上文事物的指代。根据上文 Jason, a native of Hawaii, has
had a near-constant presence there when he’s not working, fighting with local protestors to stop the construction
of the Thirty Meter Telescope, or TMT, which would drill directly into the mountain and invade its precious
water supply.可知杰森是夏威夷人，在他不工作的时候，他几乎经常出现在那里，与当地的抗议者战斗，
以阻止 30 米望远镜 TMT 的建设，TMT 将直接钻到山上，并侵入山上宝贵的水源。所以这里的 it 指代的
是 TMT 项目的建设。故此题选 A。
检测训练
题组一（2020 年高考真题）
Passage1(2020·新课标 II 卷，A)The Lake District Attractions Guide
Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens
History, Culture & Landscape(景观). Discover and enjoy 4 centuries of history, 5 acres of celebrated and
award-winning gardens with parkland walk. Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, home to the International
Marmalade Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales, museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom.
Open:29 Mar-29 Oct，Sun to Thurs.
Tearoom，Gardens & Gift Shop:10:30-17:00(16:00 in Oct).
House:11:15-16:00(15:00 in Oct)
Town: Pooley Bridge & Penrith
Abbot Hall art Gallery & Museum
Those viewing the quality of Abbot Hall’s temporary exhibitions may be forgiven for thinking they are in a city
gallery. The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition
programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives.
Open: Mon to Sat and Summer Sundays. 10:30 -17:00 Sumner.10:30 -16:00 Winter.
Town: Kendal
Tullie House Museum & Art Gallery
Discover, explore and enjoy award-winning Tullie House, where historic collections, contemporary art and family
fun are brought together in one impressive museum and art gallery. There are four fantastic galleries to visit from fine
art to interactive fun, so there’s something for everyone!
Open: High Season 1 Apr – 31 Oct: Mon to Sat 10:00 – 17:00, Sun 11:00 – 17:00.
Low Season 1 Nov – 31 Mar: Mon to Sat 10:00 – 16:30, Sun 12:00 – 16:30.
Town: Carlisle
Dove Cottage & The wordsworth Museum
Discover William Wordsworth’s inspirational home. Take a tour of his Lakeland cottage, walk through his hillside
garden and explore the riches of the collection in the Museum. Visit the shop and relax in the café. Exhibitions, events
and family activities throughout the year.
Open: Daily, 09:30 – 17:30 (last admission 17:00).
Town: Grasmere
21．When is the House at Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens open on Sundays in July?A．09:30-17:30. B．10:30-16:00. C．11:15-16:00. D．12:00-16:30
22．What can visitors do at Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum?
A．Enjoy Ronney’s works.
B．Have some interactive fun.
C．Attend a famous festival.
D．Learn the history of a family
23．Where should visitors go if they want to explore Wordsworth’s life?
A．Penrith. B．Kendal. C．Carlisle. D．Grasmere.
Passage2(2020·新课标 II 卷，B)
Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help
children with math-related skills.
Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago,
found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found
to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the
amount of parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found
children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54
months of age.
“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to
rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study
played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently,
and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more
complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during
puzzle play than parents of girls.
The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.
24．In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?
A．Building confidence. B．Developing spatial skills.
C．Learning self-control. D．Gaining high-tech knowledge.25．What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment？
A．Parents’ age. B．Children’s imagination.
C．Parents’ education. D．Child-parent relationship.
26．How do boy differ from girls in puzzle play?
A．They play with puzzles more often.
B．They tend to talk less during the game.
C．They prefer to use more spatial language.
D．They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.
27．What is the text mainly about?
A．A mathematical method. B．A scientific study.
C．A woman psychologist D．A teaching program.
Passage3(2020·新课标 III 卷，C)
With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing
to live together.
The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law, she lives on the ground
floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.
Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol - one of a growing number of
multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing
machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.
“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing at a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke more with
Nick because I think it’s a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.”
And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think
I would.”
It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for
some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen
from 325,000 in 2001to 419,000 in 2013.
Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents; many
more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live
with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.
Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In
India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband’s family when they get
married.
28．Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol?
A．Nick. B．Rita. C．Kathryn D．The daughters.
29．What is Nick’s attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in -law?
A．Positive. B．Carefree. C．Tolerant. D．Unwilling.
30．What is the author’s statement about multigenerational family based on?
A．Family traditions. B．Financial reports. C．Published statistics.D．Public opinions.
31．What is the text mainly about?
A．Lifestyles in different countries. B．Conflicts between generations.
C．A housing problem in Britain. D．A rising trend of living in the UK.
Passage4(2020·新课标 I 卷，C)
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer
injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the
50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race
walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at
all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an
assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers
moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice
as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more
calories per hour.
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her
research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not
leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a
history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking
should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
28．Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?
A．They must run long distances.
B．They are qualified for the marathon.
C．They have to follow special rules.
D．They are good at swinging their legs.
29．What advantage does race walking have over running?
A．It’s more popular at the Olympics.
B．It’s less challenging physically.
C．It’s more effective in body building.
D．It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.
30．What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking?
A．Getting experts’ opinions.
B．Having a medical checkup.
C．Hiring an experienced coach.
D．Doing regular exercises.
31．Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?
A．Skeptical. B．Objective.
C．Tolerant. D．Conservative.
题组二（2019 年高考真题）
Passage1(2019·新课标 II 卷，A)
【2019·全国卷 I，A】
Need a Job This Summer?
The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The
deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.
Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people
under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.Jobs for Youth
If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible(符合条件)for this program.
Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.
Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities(社区).
Summer Company
Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run
their own summer businesses.
Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.
Stewardship Youth Ranger Program
You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for
eight weeks this summer.
Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.
Summer Employment Opportunities(机会)
Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer
positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.
Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons
with a disability.
21. What is special about Summer Company?
A. It requires no training before employment.
B. It provides awards for running new businesses.
C. It allows one to work in the natural environment.
D. It offers more summer job opportunities.
22. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?
A. 15-18. B. 15-24. C. 15-29. D. 16-17.
23. Which program favors the disabled?
A. Jobs for Youth. B. Summer Company.
C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program. D. Summer Employment Opportunities.
Passage2(2019·新课标 III 卷，A)
OPENINGS AND PREVIEWSAnimals Out of Paper
Yolo！Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph，in which an origami(折纸术)artist
invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio. Merri Milwe directs. In previews. Opens Feb.12.(West Park
Presbyterian Church，165 W.86th St.212-868-4444.)
The Audience
Helen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan，about Queen Elizabeth II of the UK and her private meetings
with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and
Judith Ivey. Previews begin Feb.14.(Schoenfeld，236 W.45th St.212-239-6200.)
Hamilton
Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton，in which the birth of America is presented
as an immigrant story. Thomas Kail directs. In previews. Opens Feb.17.(Public，425 Lafayette St.212-967-7555.)
On the Twentieth Century
Kristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green，about
a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie star's love during a cross-country train journey. Scott Ellis directs，
for Roundabout Theatre Company. Previews begin Feb.12.(American Airlines Theatre，227 W.42nd
St.212-719-1300.)
21. What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about?.
A. A type of art. B. A teenager's studio.
C. A great teacher. D. A group of animals.
22. Who is the director of The Audience?
A. Helen Mirren. B. Peter Morgan.
C. Dylan Baker. D. Stephen Daldry.
23. Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history?
A. Animals Out of Paper. B. The Audience.
C. Hamilton. D. On the Twentieth Century.
Passage3(2019·新课标 III 卷，D)
Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.
A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of
numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined—or added—the symbols to get the reward.
Here's how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the
experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would
appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one
side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would
be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the
numbers—17 in this example.
After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than
half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.
When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to
underestimate(低估)a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value—sometimes choosing,
for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the
monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction(小 部 分)of the smaller
number to it.
"This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains, "Dr. Livingstone says. “But in
this experiment what they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.”
32. What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them?
A. They fed them. B. They named them.
C. They trained them. D. They measured them.
33. How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?
A. By drawing a circle. B. By touching a screen.
C. By watching videos. D. By mixing two drinks.
34. What did Livingstone's team find about the monkeys?
A. They could perform basic addition. B. They could understand simple words.
C. They could memorize numbers easily. D. They could hold their attention for long.
35. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A. Entertainment. B. Health. C. Education. D. Science.
Passage4(2019·新课标 I 卷，C)
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are
still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this
problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the
pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the
force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the
keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's
connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a
keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times
using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on
how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to
commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near
future.
28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?
A. To reduce pressure on keys. B. To improve accuracy in typing
C. To replace the password system. D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.
29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible？
A. Computers are much easier to operate.
B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.
D. Data security measures are guaranteed.
30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？all 1o soisgitieoco oll.
A. It'll be environment-friendly. B. It'll reach consumers soon.
C. It'll be made of plastics. D. It'll help speed up typing.
31. Where is this text most likely from?
A. A diary. B. A guidebook C. A novel. D. A magazine.
题组三（2018 年高考真题）Passage1(2018·新课标 II 卷，A)
Summer Activities
Students should read the list with their parents/careers, and select two activities they would like to do. Forms
will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are
finalised, parents/careers will be asked to sign to confirm their child’s choices.
Activity Description
Member of
staff
Cost
Outdoor
Adventure
(OUT)
Take yourself out of your comfort zone for a week, discover new
personal qualities, and learn new skills. You will be able to take part
in a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on
Dartmoor. Learn rock climbing and work as a team, and enjoy the
great outdoor environment.
Mr. Clemens £140
WWI
Battlefields
and Paris
(WBP)
On Monday we travel to London. After staying overnight in London,
we travel on Day 2 to northern France to visit the World War I
battlefields. On Day 3 we cross into Belgium. Thursday sees us make
the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park,
staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks. Our final day,
Friday, sees us visit central Paris and tour the main sights.
Mrs. Milson £425
Crafty
Foxes
(CRF)
Four days of product design centred around textiles. Making lovely
objects using recycled and made materials. Bags, cushions and
decorations...Learn skills and leave with modern and unusual
textiles.
Mrs. Goode £30
Potty about
Potter
(POT)
Visit Warner Bros Studio, shop stop to buy picnic, stay overnight in
an approved Youth Hostel in Streatley-on -Thames, guided tour of
Oxford to see the film locations, picnic lunch outside Oxford’s
Christchurch, boating on the River Cherwell through the University
Parks, before heading back to Exeter.
Miss Drake £15021. Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping?
A. OUT. B. WBP. C. CRF. D. POT.
22. What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs. Wilson?
A. Travel to London.
B. See a parade and fireworks.
C. Tour central Paris.
D. Visit the WWI battlefields.
23. How long does Potty about Potter last?
A. Two days. B. Four days.
C. Five days. D. One week.
Passage2(2018·新课标 III 卷，A)
Welcome to Holker Hall & Gardens
Visitor Information
How to Get to Holker
By Car: Follow brown signs on A590 from J36, M6. Approximate travel times: Windermere-20 minutes,
Kendal-25 minutes, Lancaster-45 minutes, Manchester-1 hour 30 minutes.
By Rail: The nearest station is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster and Preston for connections
to major cities & airports.
Opening Times
Sunday-Friday (closed on Saturday)11:00 am-4:00pm, 30th March-2nd November.
Admission Charges
Hall & Gardens Gardens
Adults: £12.00 £8.00
Groups: £9.00 £5.50
Special Events
Producers’ Market 13th April
Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe
ideas.
Holker Garden Festival 30th May The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the
most popular events in gardening.
National Garden Day 28th August
Holker once again opens its gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a small donation you can take a tour
with our garden guide.
Winter Market 8th November
This is an event for all the family. Wander among a variety of shops selling gifs while enjoying a live music
show and nice street entertainment.
21. How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester?
A.20 minutes. B.25 minutes.
C.45 minutes. D.90 minutes.
22.How much should a member of a tour group pay to visit to Hall & Gardens?
A.£l2.00. B. £9.00.
C. £8.00. D. £5.50.
23.Which event will you go to if you want to see a live music show?
A. Producers’ Market. B. Holker Garden Festival.
C. National Garden Day. D. Winter Market.
Passage3(2018·新课标 III 卷，B)
Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these
places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example,
is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800
people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing
almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gold was discovered there in
1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.
Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold.
They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was
covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warming. An avalanche(雪崩) once closed the path,
killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first
20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very
expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed
people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left
Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go — to see where the Canadian gold rush
happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City — its present population is 762.
24. What attracted the early settlers to New York City?
A. Its business culture.
B. Its small population.
C. Its geographical position.
D. Its favourable climate.
25. What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?
A. Two-thirds of them stayed there.
B. One out of five people got rich.
C. Almost everyone gave up.
D. Half of them died.
26. What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?
A. They found the city too crowded.
B. They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.
C. They were unable to stand the winter.
D. They were short of food.
27. What is the text mainly about?
A. The rise and fall of a city.
B. The gold rush in Canada.
C. Journeys into the wilderness.
D. Tourism in Dawson.
Passage4(2018·天津卷，A)
Fire Prevention Information
The University of Adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention professionals. They inspect all campus
buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(喷水灭火装置) systems, fire alarms, and fire extinguishers (灭火器). They also provide educational programs on fire safety in the residence halls. Whenever you move to a new area,
you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.
Fire Alarms
The floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual(手动的) fire alarm systems which include fire alarm
pull stations and pipes. Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors,
smoke detectors and sprinklers. For your safety, never tamper with(胡乱摆弄) these systems. False fire alarms are
illegal and may lead to imprisonment.
Fire Drills
A fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester. During a fire drill, please do the following:
·Take your room key and ID, close and lock the door to your room.
·Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit; do not use a lift.
·Meet outside of your residence hall and wait for further instructions.
Fire Extinguishers
Fire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment. Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been
trained to do so. Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and
could result in damage to personal property. Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.
Smoke Detectors
A smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room. Some buildings also have heat detectors on the ceilings. Do the
following to ensure the safe operation of your smoke detector:
●If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on. If the red light is not blinking(闪动),
contact residence hall staff immediately.
●Do not cover or block your smoke detector in any way.
●If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke, inform your hall staff.
36. What is the main duty of the fire prevention professionals?
A. To provide part-time jobs for students.
B. To lead the students to the nearest exits.
C. To check and maintain fire prevention equipment.
D. To train teachers to be fire prevention professionals.
37. What do the automatic fire alarm systems include?A. Pipes and smoke detectors.
B. Smoke detectors and sprinklers.
C. Fire alarm pull stations and pipes.
D. Sprinklers and fire alarm pull stations.
38. In a fire drill, the students should ___________.
A. rush quickly to a lift
B. gather at the nearest exit
C. shut the door and leave at once
D. wait for instructions in the hall
39. What do we know about the use of fire extinguishers?
A. Using them wrongly results in punishment.
B. Irresponsible use of them can damage them.
C. Improper use of them can destroy the apartment.
D. Using them without a trainer present is forbidden.
40. To ensure the safe operation of the smoke detector, one should_________.
A. contact the hall staff regularly
B. cover the things that burn easily
C. start the smoke detector in a fire
D. make certain the red light is working
题组四（名校模拟题）
Passage 1（2020·荆门市龙泉中学高三月考）
LOS ANGELES, Nov. 12 (Xinhua)—Legendary comic book writer Stan Lee has died
at the age of 95, according to media reports on Monday.
Lee, born in Stanley Lieber on Dec. 28th, 1922, began his career in 1939 and joined the Marvel Comics in 1961.
He is considered as one of the most legendary names in the history of comic books and the leading creative force
behind the rise of Marvel Comics. He co-created iconic fictional characters such as Spider-Man, X-Men, the Avengers, and many more.
Lee’s characters often have super powers, but they also have weaknesses. They were humans, not gods. They
not only struggled to save the world, but also to pay their bills, make friends, and hold jobs. This made Marvel comic
book heroes stand apart from its competitor DC, which produced the seemingly perfect heroes like Superman and
Wonder Woman. Those superheroes have been adapted into blockbuster films, most of which were made after
Disney acquired Marvel in a 4-billion-dollar deal in 2009.
In a statement, Bob Iger, chairman and CEO of the Walt Disney Company said Stan Lee was as extraordinary as
the characters he created.
Marvel also praised Lee on its website by putting on one of Lee’s famous quotes, which goes, “I used to be
embarrassed because I was just a comic-book writer while other people were building bridges or going on to medical
careers. And then I began to realize: entertainment is one of the most important things in people’s lives. Without it,
they might go off the deep end. I feel that if you’re able to entertain, you’re doing a good thing. ”
Praise from his Hollywood peers and colleagues was generous. President of Marvel Studios Kevin Feige
appreciated Lee’s unparalleled impact on the industry. “No one has had more of an impact on my career than Stan
Lee,” Feige said. “Our thoughts are with his family and the millions of fans who have been forever touched by Stan’s
genius, charisma and heart.”
1．How do Lee’s characters differ from those of DC?
A．They are perfect heroes.
B．They often have super powers.
C．They are not humans, but gods.
D．They have human shortcomings.
2．We can learn from Lee’s statement in Paragraph 6 that ________.
A．it is embarrassing to be a comic-book writer
B．a taste of entertainment is necessary in people’s lives
C．entertainment is the most important thing in the world
D．you can do everything well if you are able to entertain
3．According to the passage, we could know that ________.
A．Lee influenced Kevin Feige’s career a lot
B．Lee joined the Marvel Comics in his fortiesC．Lee created the fictional characters all by himself
D．The superheroes were adapted into films before Disney acquired Marvel
4．What can be the best title for the passage?
A．Comics Legend—the Marvels and DC
B．The Superheroes in Stan Lee’s Comics
C．Marvel’s Comics Legend Stan Lee Dies at 95
D．The Life Story of Marvel Comics Legend Stan Lee
Passage 2（2020·天津和平区耀华中学高三一模）
The term “Iron Man” has many connotations(内涵), including references to a song, a comic book icon, even
a movie. Yet only one definition of the term truly lives up to its name: the Ironman triathlon held annually in Hawaii,
a picturesque(独特的)setting for a challenging race, which demands amazing physical prowess and the ability to
swim, bike, and run a marathon, all in less than 12 hours with no break. Very few individuals are up to the task.
However, Gordon Haller is a notable exception. Growing up in the 1950s, Haller developed an interest in many
sports categorized as endurance(耐性)athletics and welcomed their physical demands. As he pursued a degree in
physics he drove a taxi to pay the bills, but competitive training proved his passion. So when he heard about the race
in 1978, the first year it was held, he immediately signed up.
The race originated in a somewhat amusing way. The members of the two popular sports clubs, the Mid-Pacific
Road Runners of Honolulu and the Waikiki Swim Club of Oahu, had a long-standing and good-natured debate going
over who made better athletes: runners or swimmers. However, some local bikes thought both clubs were wrong,
claiming that they, in fact, deserved the title. Wanting to settle the dispute (争论)once and for all, they decided to
combine three separate races already held annually on the island into one massive test of endurance. Thus, the
Waikiki Roughwater Swim of 2.4 miles, the Around-Oahu Bike race of 112 miles, and the Honolulu Marathon of
26.2 miles were all put together to form the Ironman Triathlon.
Haller was one of only fifteen competitors to show up that February morning to start the race. He quickly
scanned the few pages of rules and instructions, and on the last page he discovered a sentence that would become the
race’s famous slogan: “Swim 2.4 miles! Bike 112 miles! Run 26.2 miles! Brag(吹牛)for the rest of your life!” Haller
took that to heart, and at the end of the day, he became the first Ironman champion in history. Haller’s physical
strength enabled him to do what no one else in the past had accomplished.
In the approximately thirty years since that very first race, the Ironman has become a tradition in Hawaii and now boasts approximately 1500 entrants every year. The competitors who complete the race don’t have to be the first
across the finish line to claim success: just finishing is a victory onto itself.
20．The “Iron Man”in the passage above refers to ____________.
A．a folk song B．a movie character
C．a triathlon athlete D．a sports event
21．What do we know about Gordon Haller from the passage?
A．He had a great interest in all kinds of sports.
B．He was a member of the Waikiki Swim Club of Oahu.
C．He became a taxi driver after he graduated from school.
D．He was the champion in the first Ironman Triathlon.
22．What does the underlined word “prowess” in the first paragraph mean?
A．muscles B．skills C．balance D．reaction
23．The Ironman race was born due to the fact that__________.
A．The two clubs fought over who made better athletes.
B．Gordon Haller wanted to show his great endurance.
C．The combined race can help choose the most athletic.
D．Club members wanted to improve their physical abilities.
24．What can we infer from the passage about the first Ironman Triathlon?
A．Participants had to choose two from the three races in the first Ironman Triathlon.
B．Haller may not have known the rules of it before he showed up for the event.
C．No other competitors other than Haller finished the races in the end.
D．Sixteen competitors in total participated in it on February morning.
Passage 3（2020·湖南高三二模）
A robot designed to carry things moves quickly across a field to gather equipment at a sports event. Such equipment,
like javelins and discuses (铁饼), has been thrown by competitors. Another robot moves a human-sized screen on
wheels. It is designed to permit virtual attendance at the event. And then there are the robots designed to look like the
smiling, friendly creatures or mascots that act as the Olympic Games’representatives.
All these robots are part of preparations for the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo, Japan. Japanese carmaker
Toyota Motor Corporation presented the machines to reporters earlier this week. Toyota is a major supporter of the 2020 Olympic Games.
The mascot robots have moving arms and legs, and their eyes change to the image of stars and hearts. They
cannot speak at all or walk very well. But Tomohisa Moridaira, lead engineer, suggested several possibilities, such as
getting the robot to hold the Olympic torch using magnets.
The field support robot" is a small bus-shaped machine based on a Toyota ride-sharing vehicle that is still in
development. The field support robot can travel as fast as 20 kilometers per hour. It holds three cameras and one
special sensor that lets it surroundings. Around the top of its body are special lights that brighten when the vehicle is
active. Its artificial intelligence helps it avoid barriers. It is also able to vary its path in order to protect areas of grass.
However, it cannot find the objects, which can weigh up to eight kilograms, or pick them up on its own. A
person has to travel with the device, pick up the objects and put them in it. Then, with a press of a button, the vehicle
transports the equipment to where it needs to go.
Takeshi Kuwabara took charge of the robots’ development. He said it was designed to team robots and humans.
"Our aim was to leverage the strengths of both humans and robots," he said.
The carmaker plans to use the games to present its new vehicle technologies. These include buses fueled by a
special kind of battery, and self-driving taxis. Toyota is competing with other carmakers and technology companies
to develop low cost , robot-controlled cars and electric vehicles.
1．Why does the author mention robots in the first paragraph?
A．To attract our interest in robot technology.
B．To show us new robot technology in the 21st century.
C．To encourage creation of new robots.
D．To introduce the robots in the Olympic Games.
2．What is the feature of the "field support robot"?
A．It can work individually in the field.
B．It can sense barriers and change its way.
C．It is a Toyota ride-sharing vehicle.
D．It can find and pick up anything.
3．What is the purpose of the carmaker to use many robots in the Olympic Games?
A．To show its new vehicle technologies.
B．To help save the natural resources.C．To cut down the cost of the service.
D．To free people from heavy work.
4．What can be the best title of the passage?
A．Robot Shows in the 2020 Olympics.
B．Toyota's - Support for the 2020 Olympics.
C．Robot Assistants in the 2020 Olympics.
D．Robot Competition in the 2020 Olympics.
Passage 4（2020·湖南高三二模）
It’s 13:30 and 28-year-old Marten Pella 's smart phone starts pinging, a signal that it’s time for us to stop
working around his living room table and instead start our workout routine together. A cartoon character wearing
bright red shorts on video begins instructing us to do star-jumps and sit-ups around his apartment.
Pella, a research assistant at Stockholm University, is part of the Hoffice movement, which invites
workers-freelancers（自由职业者）or full-time employees who can do their jobs remotely—to work at each other’s
homes to increase productivity and enjoy an active social life.
Those attending Hoffice events advertised on Facebook are typically asked to work silently in 45-minute blocks,
before taking short breaks together to exercise, or simply chatting over a coffee. In addition, each participant shares
daily objectives with the rest of the group upon arrival, and is invited to report back on whether or not they have
achieved them at the end of the day.
“Often when I am alone, I can work focused for a couple of hours but then I’m easily distracted（分心）.The
help of others makes me so much more disciplined.” says Pella, who attends Hoffice events as both a guest and a host.
Lunches mean networking and connecting with new contacts. “People are coming from really different areas and
have different professions so there can be really interesting discussions,” he says.
The Hoffice movement has grown quickly since it was founded in 2014 by Swedish psychologist Christofer
Franzen, now 37. He had been giving lectures on the benefits of collective（集体的）intelligence, but realised he
was spending most of his own time working alone at his kitchen table. “I wanted to test more structured home
co-working with friends in similar situations,” he says.
Franzen says that holding events in houses and apartments creates a unique atmosphere, because there’s a sense
of community and desire to contribute. He’s looking for ways to expand the social value of Hoffice, by matching up
members with relevant skills to share and even encouraging jobseekers to join its gatherings.1．Where is Pella when his smart phone starts pinging?
A．In his own home. B．In his office.
C．In another person’s home. D．At Stockholm University.
2．What do people attending Hoffice events do first when they meet?
A．Watch an exercise video. B．Work silently for 45 minutes.
C．Tell each other their daily plans. D．Report what they have achieved.
3．What does Franzen really mean by saying “friends in similar situations”?
A．They usually work alone.
B．They often give lectures.
C．They study collective intelligence.
D．They have to work at a kitchen table.
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．Sharing Comfortable Workplaces B．A New Way to Make New Friends
C．Benefits of Collective Intelligence D．Working from Others’ Homes
答案解析
题组一
Passage1(2020·新课标 II 卷，A)
【答案】21．C 22．A 23．D
【解析】本文是应用文。是湖区景点指南，介绍了几个主要的景点的特色，地点和参观时间。
21．细节理解题。根据题干中的 Dalemain Mansion& Historic Gardens 可知定位在第一部分，根据段中的
House:11:15-16:00 可知，在 7 月周日的参观时间是 11:15-16:00。C. 11:15-16:00.符合以上说法，故选 C 项。
22．细节理解题。根据题干中的 Abbot Hall Art Gallery& Museum 可知答案定位在第二部分，根据其中的 The
impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has
Canaletto and the artists from St Ives.(令人印象深刻的永久性收藏包括特纳和罗姆尼，临时展览计划有卡纳莱
托和来自圣艾夫斯的艺术家)可知，在这个博物馆可以欣赏到 Romneys 的作品。A. Enjoy Romney's works.(欣
赏 Romneys 的作品)符合以上说法，故选 A 项。
23．细节理解题。根据题干中的 explore Wordsworth's life 可知答案定位在最后一部分第一句，以及最后一行
Town: Grasmere 可知，如果想了解 Wordsworth's 的生活，可以去 Grasmere。D. Grasmere.符合以上说法，故选 D 项。
Passage2(2020·新课标 II 卷，B)
【答案】24．B 25．C 26．D 27．B
【解析】本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段中…found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 develop better
spatial skill(在 2 岁到 4 岁之间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力方面更好)可知，孩子们可以从智力游戏中发展
更好的空间技能。B. Developing spatial skills(发展空间能力)符合以上说法，故选 B 项。
25．细节理解题。根据第二段中 Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition after controlling
for difference in parents' income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.( Levine 说，在父母的收入、
教育和父母谈话次数方面控制差异性之后，拼图游戏被发现是一个重要的认知预测)可知 Levine 在设计这个
试验时考虑了父母的收入、教育程度和父母谈话的次数。C. Parents' education.(父母的教育)符合以上说法，
故选 C 项。
26．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中 However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls,可知男
孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题。D. They are likely to play with tougher
puzzles.(他们有可能玩更复杂的谜题)符合以上说法，故选 D 项。
27．主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以
是关于科学研究的。B. A scientific study(一项科学研究)符合以上说法，故选 B 项。
Passage3(2020·新课标 III 卷，C)
【答案】28．B 29．A 30．C 31．D
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被
孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。
28．细节理解题。根据第三段“ but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the
ground floor.”可知，但 Rita 在一楼有自己的厨房、浴室、卧室和客厅。由此可知，Rita 在布里斯托尔的维
多利亚式住宅中使用一楼。故选 B 项。
29．推理判断题。根据第五段“And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well.
Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.”可知，尼克是怎么想的?“从我的角度来看，一切都很顺利。我推
荐它吗?是的，我想我会推荐在一起居住的。”由此判断出，尼克对和和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。故选
A 项。
30．细节理解题。根据第六段“ Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2002 to 419,000 in 2013.”官方报告显示，三代同堂的家庭数量从 2002 年的
32.5 万户增加到 2013 年的 41.9 万户。根据第七段“It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their
parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to
be about 1.8 million.”可知，据说，25-34 岁的年轻人中有 20%和父母住在一起，而 1991 年这一比例为 16%。
据估计，英国多代同堂的家庭总数约为 180 万。由此可知，作者关于多世同堂家庭的论述基于发布的统计
数据。故选 C 项。
31．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk
of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together.”可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年
人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上升
趋势。故选 D 项。
Passage4(2020·新课标 I 卷，C)
【答案】28．C 29．D 30．A 31．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事这样
运动要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段“But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of
the leg swing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times.”可知，但这项运动的规则要求竞走者的
膝盖在摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。由此可知，竞走运动员是需要具备某些条
件的运动员是因为运动员需要遵守特殊的规则。故选 C 项。
29．细节理解题。根据最后一段“As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as
runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers.”可知，一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走
者中并不常见。由此可知，竞走与跑步相比的优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选 D 项。
30．细节理解题。根据最后一段 Dr. Norberg 说的话“In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably
first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique(事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨
询教练或有经验的竞走运动员，学习适当的技巧。)”可知，Dr. Norberg 建议想尝试竞走的人征询专家的建议。
故选 A 项。
31．推理判断题。根据第一段“Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most
likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.”可知，研究表明，竞走和跑步一样
有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是
客观的。故选 B 项。题组二
Passage1
【语篇解读】本文为应用文。本文叙述了省政府及其合作伙伴提供了许多项目来帮助学生暑期在找到
工作。
21.B
【解析】细节理解题。根据 Summer Company 部分中的“Summer Company provides students with ...awards of
up to ＄3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses” 可知“Summer Company 为学生提供高达 3000 美
元的奖励，来开始和经营他们自己的暑期业务”。“start and run their own summer businesses”即“为开办新
的业务”，这对应B 项中的“runn new businesses”，二者是词义之间的转述关系。故选B。
22.D
【解析】细节理解题。根据 Stewardship Youth Ranger Program 部分中的第二段“Who is eligible: Students aged
16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.”可知“符合条件的学生：16 岁或 17
岁的学生，但在今年 12 月 31 日之前未满 18 岁”。由此得出，这个项目要求年龄在16-17 岁之间。分析选项
可知 D 项符合题意，故选 D。
23.D
【解析】细节理解题。根据 Summer Employment Opportunities 部分中的最后一段最后一句“Who is
eligible: ...Some positions require students to be 15to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability”,可知 Summer
Employment Opportunities 有些职位是给残疾人的。分析选项可知，D 项符合题意，故选 D。
Passage2
【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。这篇文章对一些话剧的开幕和新剧首映进行了介绍。
21.A
【解析】细节理解题。根据话剧 Animals Out of Paper 的 Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by
Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio.可知，Rajiv Joseph
创作的的话剧是关于折纸的一种艺术。故选 A。
22.D
【解析】细节理解题。根据话剧 The Audience 的 Stephen Daldry directs.可知，本剧是 Stephen Daldry 导演的。
故选 D。
23.C
【解析】细节理解题。根据话剧 Hamilton 的 Li-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story.可知，话剧 Hamilton 的主题是美国的诞生，由此
可知，如果你对美国历史感兴趣，你可以看这部话剧。故选 C。
Passage3
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。研究发现：猴子可以进行基本的加法运算。文章对研究的经过和结论
做了介绍和分析。
32.C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys…The researches
then tested how…”可知，在对这些猴子进行测试之前，研究者们对它们进行了培训。故 C 选项正确。
33.B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screen…If the
monkeys touched the left side of the screen, they would be rewarded with seven drops…; if they went for the circle,
they would be rewarded with…”可知，当猴子触摸屏幕左边时，它们会得到 7 滴水或者果汁的奖励；当它们
触摸屏幕的另一端（即画着圆圈的部分）时，它们会得到 17 滴水或果汁的奖励。由此可知，猴子是通过触
摸屏幕得到奖励的。B 选项正确。
34.A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“The monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time,
indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination”和第五段中
的“When adding two numbers…”可知，猴子会在超过一半的时间内选择更高的值，这意味着它们在进行计
算，而不仅仅是记住每一个组合的值。由此可知，A 选项正确：猴子能够进行基本的加法计算。由此亦可
以排除 C 选项。
35.D
【解析】推理判断题。通读整篇文章可知，该文介绍的是哈佛医学院的科学家 Margaret Livingstone 领导的
一个研究团队对猴子进行实验得出的研究结果。这属于“科学研究”范畴，故该文应出现在报纸的“科学”
板块。故 D 选项正确。
Passage4
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，目前，向指纹扫描等这些技术仍然
是昂贵的。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，它能给 e-space 用户带来安全，而且这项技术也不贵。
28.D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段的 At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.和第二段的Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device that gets around this problem: a
smart key board.可知，研究者们开发智能键盘是为了降低 e-space 保护的成本。故选 D。
29.C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的 The key board could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like
the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus，the
keyboard can determine people’s identities 可知，因为每个人的打字方式不同，使智能键盘能够识别人的身份。
故选 C。
30.B
【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段的 The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.可知，研究者们
希望智能键盘能早日面世。故选 B。
31.D
【解析】推理判断题。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，它能给 e-space 用户带来安全，由此可知，
本文是关于科技，结合所给选项可知，本文可能来自于一本杂志。故选 D。
题组三
Passage1
【文章大意】本文是一篇广告布告类说明文。文中讲述了家长和孩子一起挑选可以参加的活动。文中
分别对这些活动的名称，活动内容，活动特色和活动组织工作人员还有活动的价格进行了详细的描述。
21.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据题干中的 go camping，我们可以迅速浏览到第一个活动当中的 wild camping
(野外露营)这个关键信息。故选 A。
22.D 【解析】细节理解题。 根据题干中的 with Wilson，我们锁定在第二个活动；根据 On Monday we travel
to London. After staying overnight in London, we travel on Day 2 to northern France to visit the World War I
battlefields.可知，星期一是去伦敦并在伦敦住一夜，第二天也就是星期二到法国北部参观一站战场。
故选 D 。
23.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据题干中的信息 Potty about Potter last 我们从最后一种活动来寻找答案。关键
信息 overnight 意为“一夜的逗留”。故这个活动是持续两天。故选 A。
Passage 2
【文章大意】文章为旅游指南。文章主要介绍了去 Holker Hall& Garden 旅游的相关信息，如：出行方
式，开放时间，旅行费用以及主要活动等。21.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段 How to Get to Holker 中 By car 里 Approximate travel times 后面内容
可知，从 Manchester 到 Holker 要用 1 hour and 30 minutes，即 90 分钟，故选 D。
22.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据 Admission Charges 可知，团体中的一员去 Hall & Gardens 需要支付 9 英
镑。故选 B。
23.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段 Winter Market 中最后一句 Wander among a variety of shops
selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.可知，如果想去看现场表演需
要去 Winter Market。故选 D。
Passage 3
【话题解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 Dawson 这座城市的发展原因、过程与现状。
24.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中 Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like
a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to
communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson
River.可知，人们选择在河边或港口设城是因为交通方便，便于做生意。而纽约就是在哈德森河口附
近的一个大港口，故纽约吸引早期移民的原因是它的地理位置，故 C 正确。
25.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句 Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got
rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.可知，在最初挖黄金的两万人中有 4000
人变富有，所以是五分之一的人变富了，故 B 正确。
26.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中 and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in
Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.可知，人们离开 Dawson 的主要原因是听说在
Alaska 发现了黄金，也就是他们要去别的地方寻找发财的机会。故 B 正确。
27.A 【解析】主旨大意题。第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因，引出 Dawson 这一城市的兴起，第二段介绍
了该城市兴起的原因，第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况，所以全文围绕 Dawson
这个城市的发展起伏。故 A 正确。
Passage 4
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从火警、消防训练、灭火器和烟雾探测器的使用等方面介
绍了一些防火信息。
36.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段 They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all
sprinkler(喷水灭火装置）systems fire alarms and fire extinguishers (灭火器).可知，专职消防人员主要职
责是检查、测试和维护所有的校园建筑物防火装备。故选 C。37.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章 Fire Alarms 中的句子 Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm
systems consisting heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers.可知，火灾自动报警系统由热探测器、
烟雾探测器和喷头组成。故选 B。
38.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章 Fire Drills 中的句子 Take your room key and ID, close and lock the door
to your room.和 Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit do not use a lift.可知，在消防演习中，学
生锁好门并立即从最近的紧急出口离开。故选 C。
39.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章 Fire Extinguishers 中的句子 Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in
fines.可知，误用灭火器会导致罚款。故选 A。
40.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章 Smoke Detector 中的句子 If your smoke detector is working properly, the
red light should be on. If the red light is not blinking（闪动），contact residence hall staff immediately.可知，
烟雾探测器是否安全运行，看红灯是否闪动。故选 D。
题组四
Passage 1（2020·荆门市龙泉中学高三月考）
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了著名漫画作者斯坦·李的生前事迹，他被认为是漫画史上最具传奇
色彩的人物之一，也是漫威漫画崛起背后的主要创作力量。同时他也认为娱乐活动是人们生活中最重要的
事情之一。
62．细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Lee’s characters often have super powers, but they also have weaknesses.”
可知 Lee 创作出的角色是有弱点的，结合下文“This made Marvel comic book heroes stand apart from
its competitor DC”可知，这正是使得他所在公司漫威漫画公司不同于 DC 公司角色的原因。故选 D。
63．细节理解题。第六段倒数第二句“then I began to realize: entertainment is one of the most important things in
people’s lives.”Lee 意识到娱乐是人们生活中最重要的事情之一，故选 B。
64．细节理解题。最后一段倒数第二句““No one has had more of an impact on my career than Stan Lee, ” Feige
said.”可知 Feige 说没有人比斯坦·李对他的职业生涯影响更大了，故选 A。
65．主旨大意题。文章属于人物传记类文章，主要围绕斯坦·李的生前事迹进行展开。且文章第一段第一
句已经点明“Legendary comic book writer Stan Lee has died at the age of 95”斯坦李的去世是写这篇文章的初
衷，故综合选项 C 选项最切合题意。
Passage 2（2020·天津和平区耀华中学高三一模）
【答案】20．D 21．D 22．B 23．C 24．B 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了铁人三项赛的创立和历史上第一位铁人三项赛冠军。
20．细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“Yet only one definition of the term truly lives up to its name: the Ironman
triathlon held annually in Hawaii, a picturesque setting for a challenging race(然而，只有一种定义名副其实：每年
在风景如画的夏威夷举行的铁人三项赛)”可知，本文所指的应是“铁人三项赛”，是一种运动比赛。故选D
项。
21．细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容“at the end of the day, he became the first Ironman champion in history”
可知，他成为了历史上第一个铁人三项冠军。选项 D“He was the champion in the first Ironman Triathlon.”与
原文内容表达信息一致。故选 D 项。
22．词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在句“which demands amazing physical prowess and the ability to swim,
bike, and run a marathon, all in less than 12 hours with no break.”可知，and 为并列连词，划线单词应是与之后
的 ability 为并列结构，同义表达，ability 句中指“能力”，由此可推知“prowess”应是“技能”含义。故选
B 项。
23．细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“The race originated in a somewhat amusing way. The members of the two
popular sports clubs, the Mid-Pacific Road Runners of Honolulu and the Waikiki Swim Club of Oahu, had a
long-standing and good-natured debate going over who made better athletes: runners or swimmers. However, some
local bikes thought both clubs were wrong, claiming that they, in fact, deserved the title. Wanting to settle the dispute
once and for all, they decided to combine three separate races already held annually on the island into one massive
test of endurance.(这场比赛以某种有趣的方式开始。火奴鲁鲁的中太平洋公路赛跑者和瓦胡岛的怀基基游泳
俱乐部这两个受欢迎的体育俱乐部的成员就谁是更好的运动员进行了一场长期友好的辩论：赛跑者还是游
泳者。然而，一些当地自行车俱乐部认为这两个俱乐部都错了，声称他们事实上应该获得冠军。为了一劳
永逸地解决争议，他们决定将岛上每年举行的三场独立比赛合并成一场耐力的大规模测试。)”可知，设立
这项比赛的初衷是综合比赛可以帮助选择最具运动能力的运动员。故选 C 项。
24．推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容 He quickly scanned the few pages of rules and instructions, and on the last
page he discovered a sentence that would become the race’s famous slogan: “Swim 2.4 miles! Bike 112 miles! Run
26.2 miles! Brag for the rest of your life!” Haller took that to heart, and at the end of the day, he became the first
Ironman champion in history(他迅速浏览了几页规则和说明，在最后一页，他发现了一句将成为比赛著名口号
的话：“游 2.4 英里！自行车 112 英里！跑 26.2 milcsl 吹牛一辈子！”Haller 将此铭记于心，最终，他成为
历史上第一位铁人三项冠军)可知，他没有仔细浏览规则，受到口号的激励而奋勇拼搏成为历史上第一位铁
人三项冠军。选项 B“Haller may not have known the rules of it before he showed up for the event.”(Haller 在参加比赛前可能不知道比赛规则。)为合理推断。故选 B 项。
Passage 3（2020·湖南高三二模）
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了丰田公司向公众展示了一系列为 2020 东京奥运会准备的智能机器人
和载具，分别介绍了它们的不同功用。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“All these robots are part of preparations for the 2020 Olympic Games in
Tokyo, Japan.”可知，第一段介绍的机器人都是与比赛相关的，到第二段就指明了它们都是为奥运会而准备
的。故选 D 项。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Its artificial intelligence helps it avoid barriers. It is also able to vary its
path in order to protect areas of grass.”可知，场地支持机器人可以避开障碍物，为此而改变行进路线。故选B
项。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“The carmaker plans to use the games to present its new vehicle
technologies.”可知，丰田公司打算借助这次奥运会来展示其新型车辆技术。故选 A 项。
4．主旨大意题。只从第一段中列举的这些机器人来看：收集物品、清理场地的机器人，虚拟出席的人形机
器人以及迎宾的吉祥物机器人，都是用来辅助、支持赛事相关的，C 选项“2020 奥运会的机器人助手”最
贴合文章主题。故选 C 项。
Passage 4（2020·湖南高三二模）
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要围绕“Hoffice 行动”展开，即邀请自由职业者或可以远程工作的全职员
工在彼此的家中工作，以提高工作效率，避免与社会隔绝,享受积极的社交生活。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Marten Pella s smart phone starts pinging, a signal that it’s time for us to stop working
around his living room table”可知下午 1 点半，28 岁的马腾·配拉(Mårten Pella)的智能手机响了起来，这表
示我们不能继续围坐在他家客厅的桌子旁工作了，该锻炼身体了。所以 Marten Pella 电话响起的时候他在客
厅，是在自己家里，故答案为 A。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“ In addition, each participant shares daily objectives with the rest of the group upon
arrival, and is invited to report back on whether or not they have achieved them at the end of the day. ”可知，另外，
每位参与者都要在开始工作前与其他人分享自己每天的目标，然后在一天的工作结束时汇报自己是否实现
了目标。所以人们见面后先谈论告诉对方他们的日常计划。故答案为 C。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段 He had been giving lectures on the benefits of collective intelligence, but realised he was spending most of his own time working alone at his kitchen table.可知，他一直在讲集体智慧的好处，
但他意识到自己大部分时间都是独自一人在餐桌旁工作。由此可推断 Franzen 的意思是他们这些人相似的处
境就是总是独自一人工作，故答案为 A。
4．主旨大意题。主要围绕“Hoffice 行动”展开，即邀请自由职业者或可以远程工作的全职员工在彼此的
家中工作，以提高工作效率，避免与社会隔绝,享受积极的社交生活。由此判断出，短文的最佳标题为“放
弃办公桌到陌生人家里办公”。故答案为D。
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