考点 31 阅读理解推理判断题
高考频度：★★★★★
考点详解
题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解
文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时，考生应在理解全文的基础
上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。
提问整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思时，问句中都含有 infer, imply, indicate, suggest (推断，暗指)等词。
对付这类题时我们不仅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潜在的含义，和作者所给的提示。
同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作合理的猜测和推论。关键是：意思要靠推断得出，而不是原文照搬。
这就要把握住文章的主题思想和每段的内容；明确作者的观点及其写作该文的目的；分析文章里所给的有
关信息；注意词汇在词典的定义和词典以外的含义；最后运用自己的知识进行由表及里的逻辑推理，挖出
文章的伏笔，得出正确的推论。
这种问题的提问方式通常有：
1.From paragraph 4 we can infer that. / What can be inferred from the passage? / From the last paragraph we
can infer that .
2.We can infer from the text that…/ What can we learn from…? / We can conclude from the
passage that…
3.The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that.
4.The author implies that by the year 2080, .
5.To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should.
6.The author mentions the fact that…to show.
7. This passage would most likely be found in _________?
8.The author’s attitude toward …is _________?
9. The tone of the passage can best be described as _________?
这些提问方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的
有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算，从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。具体的
说，考生应当注意以下几点：1.首先要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知，遵循“词不
离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。千万不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替
作者的观点。
2.要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。有的推断，考
生完全可以根据文章中所阐述的细节，再结合自己所掌握的基础知识、有关背景知识或常识来帮助进行分
析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原意的结论。
3.要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表及里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、
综合、判断等，进行深层处理，合乎逻辑地推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全。
4. 要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构，同时还要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸
准逻辑发展方向，悟出作者的言外之意。
5.在解答推理性问题时，一定要注意确定推理依据的位置或范围。应清楚所要解答的问题需要针对某个
细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对细节的推断可运用 scanning 的方法，迅速
在材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想作推断时，则常常要纵览全篇
文章。
推理判断题常见有以下形式：
1．细节推断题
要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件、具体信息等。
考生要从文章本身所提供的信息出发，抓住关键的信息词，运用逻辑思维，并借助一定的常识进行分析、
推理、判断。
典例剖析
2020 年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标ⅠB） Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like
drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has
changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of
rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register.
It’s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the
now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has
to pull their own weight.
There are three books I reread annually .The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningway’s A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating
(令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the
Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble ( 随 笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar ’s Save
Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I
attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is
the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But
remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
24．Why does the author like rereading?
A．It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.
B．It’s a window to a whole new world.
C．It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend.
D．It extends the understanding of oneself.
25．What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast?
A．It’s a brief account of a trip.
B．It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man.
C．It’s a record of a historic event.
D．It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris.
27．What can we infer about the author from the text?
A．He loves poetry.
B．He’s an editor.
C．He’s very ambitious.
D．He teaches reading.
【答案】
24．D
25．B
27．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。
作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。24．推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the
act of rereading so rich and transformative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化
之处)”和第二段“The beauty of rereading lies in that our bond with the work is based on our present register. It is
true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现
在的心理状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可
以扩展对自己的理解。故选 D 项。
25．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.”及“an aging
writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time”可知，这本书出版于 1964 年，这是他关于 20 世纪 20 年
代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出 A Movable Feast
是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选 B 项。
27．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The third book is Julio Cortázar’s Save Twilight: selected poems, because
poetry.(第三本书是胡里奥·科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城: 诗歌精选》，因为诗歌)”可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌
而喜欢这本书。故选 A 项。
2．因果推断题
要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因或根据已有的原因推断可能的结果。考生要准确掌握
文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。最关键的是要找准事物间存在的因果关系信息，根据已有信息，进行
分析判断推理，从而推出最符合逻辑的原因或判断出最可能导致的结果。
典例剖析
2020 年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标ⅡC）When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the
environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时
装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different
styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast
wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in
the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down
there can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the
cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince
people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year,
so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Model Paige Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free
option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-1 think that’s going to be a massive thing, at
least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion
that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a lable to attach to nutria
fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
28．What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?
A．To promote guilt-free fur.
B．To expand the fashion market.
C．To introduce a new brand.
D．To celebrate a winter holiday.
29．Why are scientists concerned about nutria?
A．Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.
B．Nutria are an endangered species.
C．Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.
D．Nutria are illegally hunted.
31．What can we infer abouf wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
A．It’s formal. B．It’s risky. C．It’s harmful. D．It’s traditional.
【答案】28．A 29．A 31．B
【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。
海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平
衡表示了担忧。
28．推理判断题。根据第二段 Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur
made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.得知，美国新
奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监 Cree
McCree 说：“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，可以判断出
由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选 A。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段 Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a
tail.得知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们 5 美元，可以推断出科学家们
担忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡，。故选 A。
31．推理判断题。根据第二段 Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt –free option that they can wear
without someone throwing paint on them-I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least in New York. ” 得知，
为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，根
据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选 B。
3．人物性格、心情处境、态度及观点等推断题
高考阅读测试中有些题目考查学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性
格倾向和作用或文中人物的态度、观点等方面的理解。做这一类题时一定注意：
（1）由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。
（2）特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措
辞，尤其是感情色彩的形容词。
（3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。
典例剖析
2020 年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标ⅠC）Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research
shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the
50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race
walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at
all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg,
an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving
at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more
calories per hour.
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her
research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do
not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among
race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a
history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking
should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some
practice.
31．Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?
A．Skeptical. B．Objective.
C．Tolerant. D．Conservative.
【答案】31．B
【解析】31．推理判断题。根据第一段“Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research
shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.”可知，研究表明，
竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对
于竞走的态度是客观的。故选 B 项。
典例剖析
2020 年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅲ C） With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at
risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together.
The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law, she lives on the ground
floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.
Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol - one of a growing number of
multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing
machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.
“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing at a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke more with
Nick because I think it’s a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.”And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think
I would.”
It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for
some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen
from 325,000 in 2001to 419,000 in 2013.
Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents; many
more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live
with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is
thought to be about 1.8 million.
Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In
India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband’s family when they get
married.
29．What is Nick’s attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in -law?
A．Positive. B．Carefree. C．Tolerant. D．Unwilling.
【答案】29．A
29．推理判断题。根据第五段“And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well.
Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.”可知，尼克是怎么想的?“从我的角度来看，一切都很顺利。我推
荐它吗?是的，我想我会推荐在一起居住的。”由此判断出，尼克对和和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。故选
A 项。
4．篇章结构推断题
根据不同文章的内容和写作目的，作者会采取记叙、描写、议论、说明或应用文体。作者也会采用叙
述、例证、比较对照等不同的组织结构。不同文体的阅读难度、要求和任务不同，阅读方法也应不同。增
强对篇章结构的理解能力有助于提高阅读质量。
典例剖析
Have you ever wondered why birds sing? Maybe you thought that they were just happy. After all, you
probably sing or whistle when you are happy.
Some scientists believe that birds do sing some of the time just because they are happy. However, they sing
most of the time for a very different reason. Their singing is actually a warning to other birds to stay out of their territory.
…
1. How does the writer explain birds’ singing?
A. By comparing birds with human beings.
B. By reporting experiment results.
C. By describing birds’ daily life.
D. By telling a bird’s story.
【答案】A
【解析】由文章第一、二两段可知作者是把鸟儿和人类进行对比。
5．文章结论推断题
由具体到一般，对已知的事实进行归纳总结性推断称为结论。
2020 年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷 B）In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in
Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to
the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the
Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of
lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land,
and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful
English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In
Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police
methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange
drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from
the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of
Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate
stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is,
the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
10．Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan?A．Romantic. B．Eventful. C．Pleasant. D．Dangerous.
11．What is the purpose of this text?
A．To introduce a book. B．To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C．To remember a writer. D．To recommend a travel destination.
【答案】10．B 11．A
【解析】
10．推理判断题。根据第三段”This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also
its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara
he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬
礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and
fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.”可知，在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，Mr Bissell 既体会到了友善和温暖，也
看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒马尔罕，Mr Bissell 欣赏到了的建筑奇观。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因为被怀疑
进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎俩。在费尔干纳，他参加了一个山区葬礼，然后参加了一个奇怪的酒会。
在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难过。由此可知，在旅途中，他经历
了很多事情。结合选项，B 选项(充满事件的，多事的)可以表达此意。故选 B。
11．推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的
书《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本文
的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选 A。
典例剖析
2020 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷 A)（7 月第二次)
How to Use a Modern Public Library
Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library? If so, you may be surprised to learn that libraries have
changed for the better. It’s been years since they were dusty little rooms with books. They have transformed
themselves into places where you can develop your love of knowledge meet interesting people, or find out how to
start a business.
Check out a book. While libraries still loan out(出借)books, you’ll find it easier to get a copy of whatever you’re
looking for, thanks to a cooperative network of area libraries. Via such networks, libraries share their books with each
other through the use of delivery vehicles. Once the book you’ve requested is delivered to the nearest branch, they will inform you by e-mail, so you can pick it up.
Check out other items. The library is now a multimedia zone, loaded with information in many formats(载体形式).
You can borrow movies on DVDs, music on CDs, and popular magazines. Some libraries even loan out toys and
games. If a popular magazine you want isn’t offered and the library keeps a list of such requests, they may bring it in
when enough interest is shown.
Join targeted reading groups. Libraries will often hold reading-group sessions targeted to various age groups. Perhaps
you’d like to learn a language or improve your English. The library may sponsor a language group you could join. If
you have difficulties reading, ask about special reading opportunities. Your library might be able to accommodate
you. And you might find it relaxing to bring your small kid to a half-hour Story Time while you sit quietly in a corner
with a good book.
Start a business using the help of your local library. If you want to have a business of your own, your local library can
become a launch space for it. In library books and computers, you can find information on starting a business. Many
libraries will help you with locally supplied information about business management shared through chambers of
commerce(商会)and government agencies, and they will offer printing, faxing and database services you need.
40. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To point out the importance of public libraries.
B. To encourage people to work in public libraries.
C. To introduce the improved services of public libraries.
D. To call for the modernization of public library systems.
【答案】40. C
【解析】40. 推理判断题。根据文章标题 How to Use a Modern Public Library（如何使用一个现代公共图书馆）
和第一段中的“you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better. They have transformed
themselves into places where you can develop your love of knowledge meet interesting people, or find out how to
start a business.（你可能会惊讶地发现图书馆已经变得更好了。他们已经把自己变成了一个地方，在那里你
可以发展你对知识的热爱，遇见有趣的人，或者发现如何创业）”。再结合几个小标题：Check out a book（借
一本书）； Check out other items（借其他物品）；Join targeted reading groups（加入有针对性的阅读小组）；
Start a business using the help of your local library（在当地图书馆的帮助下创业）可知，本文主要介绍了在经过
改善后的图书馆里，人们可以做些什么，即：经过改善后的图书馆可以给人们提供什么服务。故选 C。检测训练
题组一（2020 年高考真题）
Passage1(2020 年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅱ）C)
I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic
reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played
ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.
My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did everything from
shelving books to reading to the children for story time.
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several
children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local
library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It was a
special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .
Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives
on form generation to generation.
As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they
can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put
together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers
should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library
announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
32．Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child?
A．Cooperative. B．Uneasy. C．Inseparable. D．Casual.
33．What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Pleasure from working in the library.
B．Joy of reading passed on in the family.
C．Wonderment from acting out the stories.
D．A closer bond developed with the readers.34．What does the author call on other writers to do?
A．Sponsor book fairs. B．Write for social media.
C．Support libraries. D．Purchase her novels.
35．Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Reading: A Source of Knowledge
B．My Idea about writing
C．Library: A Haven for the Young
D．My Love of the Library
Passage2(2020 年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅲ），A)
Journey Back in Time with Scholars
Classical Provence(13days)
Journey through the beautiful countryside of Provence，France，with Prof. Ori Z. Soltes. We will visit some of the
best-preserved Roman monuments in the world. Our tour also includes a chance to walk in the footsteps of Van Gogh
and Gauguin. Fields of flowers, tile-roofed(瓦屋顶)villages and tasty meals enrich this wonderful experience.
Southern Spain(15days)
Spain has lovely white towns and the scent(芳香)of oranges，but it is also a treasury of ancient remains including
the cities left by the Greeks，Romans and Arabs. As we travel south from Madrid with Prof. Ronald Messier to
historic Toledo，Roman Merida and into Andalucia, we explore historical monuments and architecture.
China’s Sacred Landscapes(21days)
Discover the China of “past ages,” its walled cities，temples and mountain scenery with Prof. Robert Thorp.
Highlights(精彩之处)include China’s most sacred peaks at Mount Tai and Hangzbou’s rolling hills，waterways and
peaceful temples. We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with an exceptional museum in
Shanghai.
Tunisia(17days)
Join Prof. Pedar Foss on our in-depth Tunisian tour. Tour highlights include the Roman city of Dougga，the
underground Numidian capital at Bulla Regia, Roman Sbeitla and the remote areas around Tataouine and Matmata，
uique for underground cities. Our journey takes us to picturesque Berber villages and lovely beaches.
21．What can visitors see in both Classical Provence and Southern Spain？
A．Historical monuments. B．Fields of flowers.C．Van Gogh’s paintings. D．Greek buildings.
22．Which country is Prof. Thorp most knowledgeable about？
A．France. B．Spain. C．China. D．Tunisia.
23．Which of the following highlight the Tunisian tour？
A．White towns. B．Underground cities. C．Tile-roofed villages.D．Rolling hills.
Passage3(2020 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷 D）（第一次）)
Studying a subject that you feel pointless is never a fun or easy task. If you're studying history, asking yourself the
question "why is history important "is a very good first step. History is an essential part of human civilization. You
will find something here that will arouse your interest, or get you thinking about the significance of history.
History grounds us in our roots. History is an important and interesting field of study, and learning the history of our
home country can give us a deeper, more meaningful glimpse（一瞥）into our ancestral pasts, and how we got to
where we are today. Many people feel like they need a sense of cultural belonging, which is something that studying
your roots and being open-minded to the evolution of your culture can provide.
History enriches our experience. Reading history is an amazing experience because it enables us to reflect on the
social and economic life of the people living long time ago According to the experts, problems faced by people
regardless of the past and present are the same. With the information about the ancestors, one can become more
experienced in handling challenges of life.
History makes us more empathetic（具有共情能力的）, Studying history can give us insight （洞察力）into why
our culture does certain things, and how the past has shaped it into what we know now. It also provides a rather strong
foundation for empathy across cultures. Fear and hate for others is usually caused by ignorance （无知）. We're
scared of the things that we don't understand. History has the potential to break down those boundaries by offering us
insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us.
History can inspire us to learn more. what's fantastic about history is the way it broadens our horizons. It's almost
impossible to learn about one historical period without having dozens of questions about related concepts. Study the
19th century England, and you might catch a glimpse of Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist. Look up Charles Dickens, and
you might learn a thing or two about realism. Or maybe you end up switching your attention away from novels, and
discover the history of romantic poets in England. It can go anywhere, and there is something in there for absolutely
anybody.
The value of history cannot be underestimated. We don't have to live in the past, but we can definitely do better by learning from it and using the lessons learnt to lead more meaningful lives.
51．The underlined part "where we are today" in Para. 2 probably means __________.
A．the turning point in our history
B．the present state of our nation
C．the location of our homeland
D．the total area of our country
52．According to the experts, why is history useful for people to handle challenges of life?
A．The problems at present are similar to those in the past.
B．Ancient people laid economic foundations for people today.
C．The current challenges of life were predicted by the ancestors.
D．People living long time ago knew more about how to solve problems.
53．What can be concluded from Para.4?
A．It is difficult to get rid of cultural barriers.
B．People are willing to accept foreign cultures.
C．Cultural conflicts in history are difficult to ignore.
D．History helps us improve our cross-cultural awareness.
54．With the example in Para.5, the writer intends to show that______________.
A．Charles Dickens contributes much to British literature.
B．Oliver Twist can satisfy our curiosity for romantic poets.
C．reading novels is a way to learn about a historical period.
D．studying history can arouse people's interest in other fields.
55．What could be the best title for the passage?
A．How to Build Cultural Identity
B．Why Studying History Matters
C．Know the Past, Know the Present
D．History: a Way to Broaden Horizons
Passage4(2020 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷 A)（7 月第二次))
“They tell me that you’d like to make a statue(塑像) of me-is that correct, Miss Vinnie Ream?”The deep, gentle voice helped calm the nervous girl. Asking a favor of the President of the United States was no
casual matter, especially for a seventeen-year-old girl.
“Yes, sir,” she replied, her dark eyes meeting his. “I wouldn’t have duo ask you, but my teacher, Mr. Mills, says I am
ready. I plan to make it in an admirable manner. “
President Lincoln smiled. “Painters, sculptors-they’ve all tried to make the best of this ordinary face, but I’m afraid
there’s not much hope. What did you have in mind, Miss Ream? A bust(半身像)?”
Before Vinnie could say yes, the President hurried on, a shade of apology in his voice.
“Of course-I shouldn’t have asked. A full-length pose would be much too big a project for a young woman your size.
“
Vinnie’s face turned red. She realized she looked like a child, with her tiny figure. “Small does not mean weak, sir,”
she defended herself. “I was born in the country of Wisconsin. I’ve driven teams of horses and carried water. Making
a full-length clay(粘土) figure would not exhaust my strength-and that is what I intend to do!”
The President’s eyes, brightened at her show of spirit. “Sorry, madam, I have underestimated you as I didn’t know
your background.”
But his smile faded as he rubbed his beard with bony fingers, in thought. “Miss Ream,” he sighed, “I’d like to let you
do it, but as you know, we are in the middle of a war. How could I possibly take the time to pose for a sculpture now?
I hardly have a minute to myself.”
Vinnie glanced around and noted the size of his office. “I work quickly,” she said. Her voice was soft but confident as
she pointed to the corner near the windows. “If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon,
I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk.”
The President seemed to consider her idea seriously. He got up and shook Vinnie’s hand warmly, “I’ve heard that you
are a talented young woman, and I have found you charming and intelligent as well. I cannot make my decision
immediately, but you will hear from me soon.”
The very next day, Vinnie received an invitation from the President.
41. What gave Vinnie confidence to make her request of President Lincoln?
A. Her aggressive personality.
B. Mr. Mills’s encouraging remark.
C. President Lincoln’s gentle voice.
D. Her interest in a challenging job.42. How did President Lincoln first respond to Vinnie’s request?
A. Pleased.
B. Thrilled.
C. Regretful.
D. Doubtful.
43. Vinnie confirmed her ability to make a full-length statue by highlighting ______.
A. her experience from other projects
B. her innocent childhood in the country
C. the heavy labor she had done before
D. the skill she picked up in Wisconsin
44. Vinnie wanted to choose the corner near the windows to ______.
A. achieve effects of natural lighting
B. keep all her tools within easy reach
C. observe the President at a right angle
D. avoid disturbing the president’s work
45. What message does the story convey?
A. A strong-willed soul can reach his goal.
B. Experience helps to promote excellence.
C. Ups and downs make one strong.
D. Devotion requires enthusiasm.
题组二（2019 年高考真题）
Passage1(2019·江苏卷，D)
The 65-year-old Steve Goodwin was found suffering from early Alzheimer’s(阿尔楚海默症). He was losing his
memory.
A software engineer by profession, Steve was a keen lover of the piano, and the only musician in his family.
Music was his true passion, though he had never performed outside the family.
Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell asleep catch night when
she was young. She thought about hiring a professional pianist to work with her father.
Naomi, Melissa’s best friend and a talented pianist, got to know about this and showed willingness to help.“Why do this?” Steve wondered.
“Because she cares.” Melissa said.
Steve nodded, tears in eye.
Naomi drove to the Goodwin home. She told Steve she’d love to hear him play. Steve moved to the piano and sat
at the bench, hands trembling as he gently placed his fingers on the keys.
Naomi put a small recorder near the piano, Starts and stops and mistakes. Long pauses, heart sinking. But Steve
pressed on, playing for the first time in his life for a stranger.
“It was beautiful." Naomi said after listening to the recording. “The music was worth saving.”
Her responsibility, her privilege, would be to rescue it. The music was still in Steve Goodwin. It was bidden in
rooms with doors about to be locked.
Naomi and Steve met every other week and spent hours together. He’d move his fingers clumsily on the piano,
and then she’d take his place. He struggled to explain what he heard in his head. He stood by the piano, eyes closed,
listening for the first time to his own work being played by someone else.
Steve and Naomi spoke in musical code lines, beats, intervals, moving from the root to end a song in a new key.
Steve heard it. All of it. He just couldn’t play it.
Working with Naomi did wonders for Steve. It had excited within him the belief he could write one last song.
One day, Naomi received an email. Attached was a recording, a recording of loss and love, of the fight. Steve called
it “Melancholy Flower”.
Naomi heard multiple stops and starts, Steve struggling, searching while his wife Joni called him “honey” and
encouraged him. The task was so hard, and Steve, angry and upset, said he was quitting. Joni praised him, telling her
husband this could be his signature piece.
Naomi managed to figure out 16 of Steve’s favorite, and most personal songs. With Naomi’s help, the Goodwin
family found a sound engineer to record Naomi playing Steve’s songs. Joni thought that would be the end. But it
wasn’t.
In the months leading up to the 2016 Oregon Repertory Singers Christmas concert, Naomi told the director she
had a special one in mind: “Melancholy Flower”
She told the director about her project with Steve. The director agreed to add it to the playing list. But Naomi
would have to ask Steve’s permission. He considered it an honor.
After the concert, Naomi told the family that Steve’s music was beautiful and professional. It needed to be shared in public.
The family rented a former church in downtown Portland and scheduled a concert. By the day of the show, more
than 300 people had said they would attend.
By then, Steve was having a hard time remembering the names of some of his friends. He knew the path his life
was now taking. He told his family he was at peace.
Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded by his family. The house lights faded. Naomi took the stage.
Her fingers. His heart.
65. Why did Melissa want to save her father’s music?
A. His music could stop his disease from worsening.
B. She wanted to please her dying old father.
C. His music deserved to be preserved in the family.
D. She wanted to make her father a professional.
66. After hearing Steve’s playing, Naomi ________.
A. refused to make a comment on it
B. was deeply impressed by his music
C. decided to free Steve from suffering
D. regretted offering help to her friend
67. How can the process of Steve’s recording be described?
A. It was slow but productive.
B. It was beneficial to his health.
C. It was tiresome for Naomi.
D. It was vital for Naomi’s career.
68. Before Steve finished “Melancholy Flower," his wife Joni _______.
A. thought the music talent of Steve was exhausted
B. didn’t expect the damage the disease brought about
C. didn’t fully realize the value of her husband’s music
D. brought her husband’s music career to perfection
69. How did Steve feel at the concert held in downtown Portland？
A. He felt concerned about his illness.B. He sensed a responsibility for music.
C. He regained his faith in music.
D. He got into a state of quiet.
70. What can be a suitable title for the passage?
A. The Kindness of Friends B. The Power of Music
C. The Making of a Musician D. The Value of Determination
Passage2(2019·浙江卷，A)
Zachariah Fike has an unusual hobby. He finds old military(军队的)medals for sale in antique stores and on the
Internet.But unlike most collectors, Zac tracks down the medals’ rightful owners, and returns them.
His effort to reunite families with lost medals began with a Christmas gift from his mother, a Purple Heart with
the name Corrado A. G. Piccoli, found in an antique shop. Zac knows the meaning of a Purple Heart-he earned one
himself in a war as a soldier. So when his mother gave him the medal, he knew right away what he had to do.
Through the Internet, Zac tracked down Corrado’s sister Adeline Rockko. But when he finally reached her, the
woman flooded him with questions: "Who are you？What antique shop？" However, when she hung up, she
regretted the way she had handled the call. So she called Zac back and apologized. Soon she drove to meet Zac in
Watertown, N.Y. "At that point, I knew she meant business, " Zac says. "To drive eight hours to come to see me."
The Piccolis grew up the children of Italian immigrants in Watertown. Corrado, a translator for the Army during
WWII, was killed in action in Europe.
Before hearing from Zac, Adeline hadn’t realized the medal was missing. Like many military medals, the one
Zac’s mother had found was a family treasure." This medal was very precious to my parents. Only on special
occasions(场合)would they take it out and let us hold it in our hands," Adeline says.
As a child, Adeline couldn't understand why the medal was so significant. “But as I grew older,” Adeline says,
"and missed my brother more and more, I realized that was the only thing we had left." Corrado Piccoli’s Purple
Heart medal now hangs at the Italian American Civic Association in Watertown.
Zac recently returned another lost medal to a family in Alabama. Since he first reunited Corrado’s medal, Zac
says his record is now 5 for 5.
21. Where did Zac get a Purple Heart medal for himself？
A. In the army. B. In an antique shop.
C. From his mother. D. From Adeline Rockko.22. What did Zac realize when Adeline drove to meet him？
A. She was very impolite. B. She was serious about the medal.
C. She suspected his honesty. D. She came from a wealthy family.
23. What made Adeline treasure the Purple Heart?
A. Her parents’ advice. B. Her knowledge of antiques.
C. Her childhood dream. D. Her memory of her brother.
Passage3(2019·全国 II 卷，C)
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits
for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like more Americans,
she’s not alone.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent)have breakfast
alone and nearly half(46 percent)have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore，74
percent，according to statistics from the report.
“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone，but together，you know？”Bechtel said，looking up from her book.
Bechtel，who works in downtown West Palm Beach，has lunch with coworkers sometimes，but like many of us，too
often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.
She returns to work feeling energized. “Today，I just wanted some time to myself，”she said.
Just two seats over，Andrew Mazoleny，a local videographer，is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he
can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have
a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “It's a chance
for self-reflection, You return to work recharged and with a plan.”
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt
awkward about asking for a table for one，but those days are over. Now，we have our smartphones to keep us
company at the table. “It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before al the advances in technology,” said Laurie
Demerit， whose company provided the statistics for the report.
28. What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?
A. Food variety B. Eating habits. C. Table manners. D. Restaurant service.
29. Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?
A. To meet with her coworkers. B. To catch up with her work.
.C. To have some time on her own. D. To collect data for her report.
30. What do we know about Mazoleny?
A. He makes videos for the bar.
B. He’s fond of the food at the bar.
C. He interviews customers at the bar.
D. He’s familiar with the barkeeper.
31. What is the text mainly about?
A. The trend of having meals alone.
B. The importance of self-reflection.
C. The stress from working overtime.
D. The advantage of wireless technology.
Passage4(2018·天津卷，D)
Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle
against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison.
Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book.
The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was
Cervantes，and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. And the story poses an interesting question: why do
some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long before？
We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark. I'm not talking about those
who fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing
because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
Most of us，in fact，progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and
then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But，if we are willing to lean，the
opportunities are everywhere.
The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we can't
change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please，some people are never going to
love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
With high motivation and enthusiasm，we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to
have meaning in our life. However，we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos（自我），whether to loved ones，to fellow humans，to work，or to some moral
concept.
Many of us equate（视……等同于）“commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing.
But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such
excellence whether they are driving a truck，or running a store-make the world better just by being the kind of
people they are. They've learned life's most valuable lesson.
51. The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that_________.
A. loss of freedom stimulates one's creativity
B. age is not a barrier to achieving one's goal
C. misery inspires a man to fight against his fate
D. disability cannot stop a man's pursuit of success
52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean？
A. End one's struggle for liberty.
B. Waste one's energy taking risks.
C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.
D. Lose the interest to continue learning.
53. What could be inferred from Paragraph 4？
A. Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped.
B. Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead.
C. Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.
D. Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.
54. What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5？
A. A tough man can tolerate suffering.
B. A wise man can live without self-pity
C. A man should try to satisfy people around him.
D. A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life
55. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage？
A. To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.
.
.B. To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.
C. To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.
D. To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.
题组二（2018 年高考真题）
Passage1(2018·新课标卷 II，C)
Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published
Monday.
While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading
remains a big part of many children’s lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.
According to the report’s key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone
from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively
today.”
The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2—8, remain largely the same. But
the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour
per session.
When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel(建议) parents looking for data about
the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly
due to concerns about increased screen time.
The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important
guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to
infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and
parents who set aside time for them to read.
As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead, parents might take this
chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.
28. What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?
A. Children’s reading habits.
B. Quality of children’s books.
C. Children’s after-class activities.
D. Parent-child relationships.29. Where can you find the data that best supports "children are reading a lot less for fun"?
A. In paragraph 2. B. In paragraph 3.
C. In paragraph 4. D. In paragraph 5.
30. Why do many parents limit electronic reading?
A. E-books are of poor quality.
B. It could be a waste of time.
C. It may harm children’s health.
D. E-readers are expensive.
31. How should parents encourage their children to read more?
A. Act as role models for them.
B. Ask then to write book reports.
C. Set up reading groups for them.
D. Talk with their reading class teachers.
Passage2(2018·天津卷，D)
Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing? How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your
front door? If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you’ll have no trouble answering these questions.
Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A child’s day is filled with fascination,
newness and wonder. Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctions that were sharp to us as children
become unclear; we are numb(麻木的) to new stimulation(刺激), new ideas. Relearning the art of seeing the world
around us is quite simple, although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits.
The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs. This
blocks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentioned that
we were going to cross a mountain stream. The students began complaining about how cold it would be. We
reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead. They were almost knee-deep when they realized it was a
hot spring. Later they all admitted they’d felt cold water at first.
Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷) many of us have with naming things. I saw bird watchers
who spotted a bird, immediately looked it up in field guides, and said, a "ruby-crowned kinglet" and checked it off.
They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing.The pressures of "time" and "destination" are further blocks to awareness. I encountered many hikers who
were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to
wander a bit, to take a moment to see what’s around them. I asked them what they’d seen. "Oh, a few birds," they
said. They seemed bent on their destinations.
Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait. Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take
in all the sights, sounds and sensations. Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your
life.
51. According to Paragraph 2, compared with adults, children are more _____________.
A. anxious to do wonders
B. sensitive to others’ feelings
C. likely to develop unpleasant habits
D. eager to explore the world around them
52. What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3?
A. To avoid jumping to conclusions.
B. To stop complaining all the time.
C. To follow the teacher’s advice.
D. To admit mistakes honestly.
53. The bird watchers’ behavior shows that they ____________.
A. are very patient in their observation
B. are really fascinated by nature
C. care only about the names of birds
D. question the accuracy of the field guides
54. Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey?
A. The natural beauty isn’t attractive to them.
B. They focus on arriving at the camp in time.
C. The forest in the dark is dangerous for them.
D. They are keen to see rare birds at the destination.
55. In the passage, the author intends to tell us we should __________.
A. fill our senses to feel the wonders of the worldB. get rid of some bad habits in our daily life
C. open our mind to new things and ideas
D. try our best to protect nature
Passage3(2018·浙江卷，C)
As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in
Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line（装配线）on September 27, 1908. Only eleven
cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.
Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of
American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last century, the
car represented what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds. The road novel,
the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending
interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history.
In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since
then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm-based
society into an industrial power.
The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In America the
demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.
The problems of excessive（过度的）energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been
described in a book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.
Friedman points out that the green economy（经济）is a chance to keep American strength. “The ability to
design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is
going to be the currency of power in the new century.”
28. Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?
A. To explain Americans’ love for travelling by car.
B. To show the influence of cars on American culture.
C. To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.
D. To praise the effectiveness of America’s road system.
29. What has the use of cars in America led to?
A. Decline of economy. B. Environmental problems.C. A shortage of oil supply. D. A farm-based society.
30. What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future?
A. Ambiguous. B. Doubtful. C. Hopeful. D. Tolerant.
题组四（名校模拟题）
Passage 1
（2020·襄阳市第一中学高三月考） If Confucius (孔子) were still alive today and could celebrate his
September 28 birthday with a big cake, there would be a lot of candles. He'd need a fan or a strong wind to help
him put them out.
While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day, few people in the United States will give
him a passing thought. It's nothing personal. Most Americans don't even remember the birthdays of their own
national heroes.
But this doesn't mean that Americans don't care about Confucius. In many ways he has become a bridge that
foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China.
In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More
recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries. These schools teach
both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually include Chinese art, history and
philosophy (哲学). Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese
wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Western philosophy. Students in the United States，at the same time, are
racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United
States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their
Chinese customers.
So the old thinker's ideas are still alive and well.
Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese
culture to the West.
As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West, even if his birthday is.
1．The opening paragraph is mainly intended to ________.
A．provide some key facts about Confucius
B．attract the readers' interest in the subject
C．show great respect for the ancient thinkerD．prove the popularity of modern birthday celebrations
2．We can learn from Paragraph 4 that American students ________.
A．have a great interest in studying Chinese
B．take an active part in Chinese competitions
C．try to get high scores in Chinese exams
D．fight for a chance to learn Chinese
3．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Forgotten Wisdom in America
B．Huge Fans of the Chinese Language
C．Chinese Culture for Westerners
D．Old Thinker with a Big Future
4．The passage is likely to appear in ________.
A．a biography B．a history paper
C．a newspaper D．a philosophy textbook
Passage 2
（2020·湖南高三二模） It’s 13:30 and 28-year-old Marten Pella 's smart phone starts pinging, a signal that it’s
time for us to stop working around his living room table and instead start our workout routine together. A cartoon
character wearing bright red shorts on video begins instructing us to do star-jumps and sit-ups around his apartment.
Pella, a research assistant at Stockholm University, is part of the Hoffice movement, which invites
workers-freelancers（自由职业者）or full-time employees who can do their jobs remotely—to work at each other’s
homes to increase productivity and enjoy an active social life.
Those attending Hoffice events advertised on Facebook are typically asked to work silently in 45-minute blocks,
before taking short breaks together to exercise, or simply chatting over a coffee. In addition, each participant shares
daily objectives with the rest of the group upon arrival, and is invited to report back on whether or not they have
achieved them at the end of the day.
“Often when I am alone, I can work focused for a couple of hours but then I’m easily distracted（分心）.The
help of others makes me so much more disciplined.” says Pella, who attends Hoffice events as both a guest and a host.
Lunches mean networking and connecting with new contacts. “People are coming from really different areas and
have different professions so there can be really interesting discussions,” he says.The Hoffice movement has grown quickly since it was founded in 2014 by Swedish psychologist Christofer
Franzen, now 37. He had been giving lectures on the benefits of collective（集体的）intelligence, but realised he
was spending most of his own time working alone at his kitchen table. “I wanted to test more structured home
co-working with friends in similar situations,” he says.
Franzen says that holding events in houses and apartments creates a unique atmosphere, because there’s a sense
of community and desire to contribute. He’s looking for ways to expand the social value of Hoffice, by matching up
members with relevant skills to share and even encouraging jobseekers to join its gatherings.
1．Where is Pella when his smart phone starts pinging?
A．In his own home. B．In his office.
C．In another person’s home. D．At Stockholm University.
2．What do people attending Hoffice events do first when they meet?
A．Watch an exercise video. B．Work silently for 45 minutes.
C．Tell each other their daily plans. D．Report what they have achieved.
3．What does Franzen really mean by saying “friends in similar situations”?
A．They usually work alone.
B．They often give lectures.
C．They study collective intelligence.
D．They have to work at a kitchen table.
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．Sharing Comfortable Workplaces B．A New Way to Make New Friends
C．Benefits of Collective Intelligence D．Working from Others’ Homes
Passage 3
（2020·四川省高三月考） A shark moving around the coastline is normally a worrying sight，
but this waterborne drone(无人机)threatens floating rubbish instead of people.
Developed by Dutch company RanMarine, the WasteShark takes nature as its inspiration with its whale shark-like
mouth. Responsible for collecting waste, the drone will begin operations in Dubai Marina in November after a year
of trials with local partner Ecocoast.
According to RanMarine, the WasteShark is available in both autonomous and remote-controlled models. Measuring just over five feet by three-and-a-half feet(1.5 meters by 1.1 meter) ，it can carry up to 352 pounds of
rubbish(159.6 kg)and has an operational battery life of 16 hours.
By 2016 there were approximately 150 million tons of plastic in the world's oceans. One paper from December
2014 estimated that over a quarter of a million tons of ocean plastic pollution was afloat.
"WasteShark also has the abilities to gather air and water quality data, remove chemicals out of the water such as
oil，and heavy metals，and scan the seabed to read its depth and outlines，"said Oliver Cunningham, one of the
co-founders of RanMarine. "Fitted with a collision-avoidance system, the drone uses laser imaging detection and
ranging technology to detect an object in its path and stop or back up if the object approaches."
"Our drones are designed to move through a water system, whether it's around the perimeter(周边) or through the
city itself. The drones are that last line of defense between the city and the open ocean," added Cunningham.
"WasteSharks are operating in Dubai, South Africa and the Netherlands and cost $ 17,000 for the remote-controlled
model and just under $ 23,000 for the autonomous model."
Dubai-based operator Ecocoast has two WasteShark drones. Co-founder Dana Liparts says they will clean
waterfronts for clients including hotels and environmental authorities and that Ecocoast' intention is to have the
collected rubbish recycled or upcycled. However, Liparts argues that cleaning waterways doesn't have a
one-size-fits-all solution and requires a combination of new technology, preventative measures and changing
people's attitudes towards littering.
1．What do we know about the WasteShark?
A．It can frighten sharks away. B．It is an ocean explorer.
C．It is a rubbish collector. D．It can catch fish instead of people.
2．What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us?
A．The causes of ocean pollution.B．The dangers of using plastics.
C．The severity of ocean garbage pollution. D．The importance of ocean protection.
3．What will the WasteShark do with an approaching object?
A．Avoid crashing into it. B．Break it into pieces.
C．Swallow it. D．Fly over it.
4．Which of the following ideas does Liparts agree with?
A．The WasteShark should be used more widely.
B．More measures should be taken to make water clean.C．The production cost of WasteSharks should be reduced.
D．People should take a positive attitude to new technology.
Passage 4
（2020·北京市第四十三中学高三二模） Microplastics are everywhere in our environment. It's hardly
surprising that the tiny fragments have also been found in humans. A new study shows that Americans are consuming
as many as 121,000 particles each year.
Measuring 50 to 500 microns in length, microplastics come from a variety of sources, including large plastics
that break down into smaller and smaller pieces. Therefore, much remains unknown about the common existence of
these materials within the human body, as well as their impact on human health.
Hoping to fill in some of these gaps, a research team led by Kieran Cox, a PhD candidate at the University of
Victoria, looked at 26 papers assessing the amount of microplastics in commonly consumed food items, among which
are seafood, sugars, salts, honey, alcohol and water. The team also evaluated the potential consumption of
microplastics through inhalation （吸入）using previously reported data on microplastic concentrations in the air
and the Environmental Protection Agency's reported respiration rates. Based on these data, the researchers calculated
that our annual consumption of microplastics via food and drink ranges from 39,000 to 52,000 particles. When
microplastics taken in through inhalation are taken into account, the range jumps to between 74,000 and 121,000
particles per year.
The authors of the study found that people who drink exclusively from plastic water bottles absorb an additional
90,000 microplastics each year, compared to 4,000 among those who only consume tap water. "This shows that small
decisions, over the course of a year, really matter and have an impact." Cox says. The new study, according to its
authors, was the first to investigate "the accumulative human exposure" to microplastics. But in all likelihood, the
research tells only a small part of the entire story. Collectively, the food and drink that the researchers analyzed
represent 15 percent of Americans' caloric intake. The team could not account for food groups like fruits, vegetables
and grains because there simply is not enough data on their microplastic content.
For those worried about microplastic consumption, cutting down bottled water is a good place to start. But to the
heart of the problem, we have to stop producing and using so much plastic.
1．What makes it difficult to know microplastics commonly exist in the human body?
A．The quality. B．The quantity.
C．The shape. D．The size.2．How did Kieran Cox's team calculate the potential consumption of microplastics?
A．By studying papers. B．By comparing the impacts.
C．By analyzing the data. D．By conducting experiments.
3．Which of the following is true according to the text?
A．Drinking less plastic bottled water helps to take in fewer microplastics.
B．The study is among the earliest to investigate human exposure to microplastics.
C．Cox's team gained comprehensive information of microplastics taken in by humans.
D．People consume 74,000 to 121,000 particles of microplastics per year from food and drink.
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．The Potential Problems of Microplastics
B．Microplastics Coming From Various Sources
C．Microplastics Found Within Human Bodies
D．The Impact of Microplastics on Human Health
答案解析
题组一
Passage1(2020 年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅱ）C)
【答案】 32．C 33．B 34．C 35．D
【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。
有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图
书馆，宣传图书馆。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段的 I was always an enthusiastic reader，sometimes reading up to three books a day
as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties. I lived out adventures
through the books I checked out from the library.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。
故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)可推断，
作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选 C。
33．词句猜测题。根据上文 As I grew older and became a mother 可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文 I had
several children and books were our main source (来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to
the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选
要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅
读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代
相传”。故选B。
34．细节理解题。根据最后一段的 I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can.
Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk
about them when you can.( 我认为所有的作家都应该在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆。鼓励读
者使用图书馆。在社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。可以的时候常去图书馆，谈论图书馆)可知，作者呼吁其他
的作家们支持图书馆。故选 C。
35．主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在图书馆。
有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图
书馆，宣传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故 D 项“我对图书馆的爱”为最
佳标题。故选 D。
Passage2(2020 年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅲ），A)
【答案】
21．A
22．C
23．B
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个国家中，那些可以让人们回顾过去的著名景点。
21．细节理解题。根据第一部分的 We will visit some of the best-preserved Roman monuments in the world. (我们
将参观一些世界上保存最完好的罗马建筑遗迹)和第二部分的 we explore historical monuments and
architecture.(我们探索历史遗迹和建筑)可知，在 Classical Provence 和 Southern Spain 游客们可以参观历史遗
迹。A. Historical monuments（历史遗迹）符合以上说法，故选 A 项。
22．推理判断题。根据第三部分的 China's Sacred Landscapes (21days)(中华神山 21 天)和 Discover the China of
''past ages'', its walled cities, temples and mountain scenery with Prof Robert Thorp. Highlights include China's most
sacred peaks at Mount Tai and Hangzhou's rolling hills, waterways and peaceful temples (和 Robert 教授一起发现
中国的过去，有墙的城市、寺庙和山景。精彩之处包括中国最神圣的泰山之巅，杭州起伏的群山、运河和
宁静的寺庙)可知，去中国的神山之行总共有 27 天，而且 Thorp 对中国的名山非常了解。由此推测 Thorp 在
这四个国家里最了解中国。C. China(中国)符合以上说法，故选 C 项。Passage3(2020 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷 D）（第一次）)
【答案】
51．B
52．A
53．D
54．D
55．B
【解析】本文是议论文。开头提出问题为什么历史重要。然后分四方面论述学历史的好处，最后总结扣题
说明学历史的意义——历史的价值不可低估，通过从中学习，并利用学到的教训过更有意义的生活。
51．猜测词义题。根据上句 learning the history of our home country can give us a deeper, more meaningful
glimpse(一瞥 )into our ancestral pasts.,可知学习我们祖国的历史能更深、更有意义地了解我们祖先的过去。此
处指学历史着眼于大局，是从国家层面讲的，与之一致，可推知画线的 where we are today 指的是我们国家
的现状。故选 B。
52．细节理解题。根据第三段 According to the experts, problems faced by people regardless of the past and present
are the same. With the information about the ancestors, one can become more experienced in handling challenges of
life.可知专家认为，无论过去和现在，人们面临的问题都是一样的。有了祖先的信息，我们在处理生活中的
挑战时会更有经验。故选 A。
53．推理判断题。根据第四段中 It also provides a rather strong foundation for empathy across cultures 和 History
has the potential to break down those boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be
foreign to us.可知历史为跨文化的同理心提供了一个相当坚实的基础，历史有可能打破对未知事物的恐惧和
憎恨，为我们提供洞悉整个世界的机会。由此推之历史帮助我们提高跨文化意识。故选 D。
54．推理判断题。根据第五段标题是 History can inspire us to learn more:(历史可以激励我们学习更多),下面列
举了阅读 Oliver Twist 的例子,通过 Oliver Twist 我们能去了解作者 Charles Dickens,还可能会学到一些关于现
实主义的东西，会发现英国浪漫主义诗人的历史。作者通过这个例子是为了说明学习历史可以引起人们对
其他领域的兴趣。故选 D。
55．主旨大意题。根据第一段 If you're studying history, asking yourself the question" why is history important" is
a very good first step.提到学历史前先问自己为什么历史重要。下文分四方面论述学历史的好处，最后一段总
结扣题说明学历史的意义——历史的价值不可低估，通过从中学习，并利用学到的教训过更有意义的生活。
故 Why Studying History Matters?能概括全文内容。故选 B。Passage4(2020 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷 A)（7 月第二次))
【答案】
41. B
42. D
43. C
44. D
45. A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了 Vinnie Ream 向林肯总统提出给他做一个全身雕像的请求，一开
始林肯总统对此表示怀疑，在 Vinnie 的不断努力争取后，最终第二天 Vinnie 收到了林肯总统的邀请。
41. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I wouldn't have dared to ask you, but my teacher, Mr. Mills, says I am ready. I
plan to make it in an admirable manner. “可知，我本来不敢问你，但我的老师 Mills 先生说我准备好了。我打算
用一种令人钦佩的方式来做这件事。由此可知，Mills 先生的话给了 Vinnie 向林肯总统提出要求的底气。故
选 B。
42. 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Of course- I shouldn't have asked. A full-length pose would be much too big a
project for a young woman your size.”可知，当然-我不应该问的。对于你这种身材的年轻女性来说，全身雕像
太大了。由此可推知，林肯总统首先对 Vinnie 的请求表示怀疑。故选 D。
43. 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“I've driven teams of horses and carried water. Making a full-length clay figure
would not exhaust my strength-and this is what I intend to do!”可知，我赶过马队，提过水。做一个全身雕像不会
耗尽我的力量-我还正想这样呢！此可知，Vinnie 通过强调她以前所做的繁重劳动，证实了她有能力制作一
个全身雕像。故选 C。
44. 推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中的“Miss Ream,” he sighed, “I'd like to let you do it, but as you know, we are
in the middle of a war. How could I possibly take the time to pose for a sculpture now? I hardly have a minute to
myself. “可知，总统提到自己没有时间摆姿势来让 Vinnie 做雕像。根据倒数第三段中的“Vinnie glanced around
and noted the size of his office. “I work quickly,” she said. Her voice was soft but confident as she pointed to the
corner near the windows. “If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon, I could complete
most of the project while you are at your desk.”可知，Vinnie 环顾四周，注意到了他办公室的大小。“我干得很
快，”她说。她指着靠近窗户的那个角落，声音柔和而自信。“如果我把我的粘土带到这里来，每天下午工作
三个小时，我就可以在你办公的时候完成大部分的项目。”由此可推知，上文中总统提到自己没有时间摆姿势来让 Vinnie 做雕像，于是 Vinnie 想选择靠近窗户的角落，是为了避免干扰总统的工作。故选 D。
45. 推理判断题。根据文章主要记叙了 Vinnie Ream 向林肯总统提出给他做一个全身雕像的请求，一开始林
肯总统对此表示怀疑，在 Vinnie 的不断努力争取后，最终第二天 Vinnie 收到了林肯总统的邀请。由此可推
知，这个故事表达了意志坚强的人能达到目标的思想。故选 A。
题组二
Passage1
【语篇解读】本文属于记叙文，主要讲述一个钢琴师帮助一个患老年痴呆症的老人录制音乐的故事，
其录制过程比较艰苦，但是录制的音乐很成功，也让老人对音乐充满了信心。
65.C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段可知，Steve 的专业软件工程，还是一个钢琴的热爱者，是家里唯一的音
乐家，音乐是他真正热爱的东西，尽管没有在家以外的地方弹奏过钢琴。根据第三段 Melissa, his daughter ,felt
it more than worthwhile to save his music.可知他的女儿 Melissa 觉得保存他的音乐很有价值，故选 C。
66.B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第十段 “it was beautiful,” Naomi said after listening to the recording. “ the music
was worth saving.”可知，听了录音之后 Naomi 说很美，值得保存，故可以得出 Naomi 对 Steve 的音乐印象
深刻，故选 B。
67.A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第十二段 He’d move his fingers clumsily on the piano, and then she’d take his
place. He struggled to explain what he heard in his head.以及第十三段 Steve and Naomi spoke in musical code:
lines, beats, intervals, moving from the root to end a song in a new key. Steve heard it. All of it, he just couldn’t
play it.可知，Steve 会笨拙地把手指放在钢琴上，然后 Naomi 把手指放在他放的地方，并且 Steve 努力解释
脑海里的内容，所有的这些，都是 Naomi 在弹奏，而 Steve 在听，故可知这个录制过程很慢。根据第十六
段 Naomi managed to figure out 16 of Steve’s favorite, and most personal songs.可知作品很多。故选 A。
68.C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第十六段 Joni thought that would be the end. But it wasn’t. 以及后文 Steve 取得的
成就可知在完成 Melancholy Flower 之前，他的妻子还没完全意识到丈夫的音乐的真正价值，故选 C。
69.D
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段 He knew the path his life was now taking. He told his family he was at
peace.可知，他知道自己一生要选择的路，告诉家人他很平静，故可知，家乡的音乐会让他重新坚定了对音乐的信念，故选 D。
70.B
【解析】标题归纳题。本文主要讲述一个钢琴师帮助一个患老年痴呆症的人录制音乐的故事，其录制过程
比较艰苦，但是录制的音乐很成功，也让老人对音乐充满了信心。B 项“音乐的力量”概括了全文内容，是
最佳标题。故选 B。
Passage2
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。Zachariah Fike 有一个不同寻常的业余爱好：他在网上和古董店里寻找
旧的军队勋章，然后将这些勋章归还它们的合法主人。文章主要叙述了他这一爱好的起源。
21.A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Zac knows the meaning of a Purple Heart—he earned one himself in a war
as a soldier”可知，当 Zac 还是一名士兵的时候，在一次战争中他获得了一枚 Purple Heart。故 A 选项正确。
22.B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“To drive eight hours to come to see me”可以推知，Adeline 为了那
枚 Purple Heart 开车八个小时来见 Zac，由此可知，她对于这件事是认真地。因此，At that point, I knew she
meant business 应该指的是 Zac 意识到 Adeline 对这枚勋章是认真的。故 B 选项正确。
23.D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Corrado, a translator…was killed in action in Europe”和倒数第三段
中的“as I grew older…and missed my brother more and more, I realized that was the only thing we had left ”这
枚勋章寄托了 Adeline 对于去世的哥哥 Corrado 的回忆和思念，这是他们家留下的唯一关于哥哥的东西了。
因此她很珍惜这枚勋章。故 D 选项正确。
Passage3
【语篇解读】本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛
围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势。
28.B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段可知，在美国，约有 46%的人们独自用餐，53%的人们独自吃早餐，46%
的人们独自吃午餐，只有 74%的人们晚餐不是独自享用，故可知本段的数据是关于用餐习惯，故选 B。
29.C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段 A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the
shoulder. Today, I just wanted some time to myself.可知，Bechtel 一个人吃午饭可以让她逃离老板的关注，给自己留一些自由时间，故选 C。
30.D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段 he likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper
with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction.可知 Mazoleny 喜欢这样的气氛，因
为可以坐在那里，查看手机信息，或者想聊天了，可以直呼吧台服务员名字和他聊天，故可知，他与服务
员很熟悉，可以直呼对方名字，故选 D。
31.A
【解析】主旨大意题。本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工
作氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势，故选 A。
Passage4
【语篇解读】本文属于议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。
51.B
【解析】推理判断题。第一段讲述塞万提斯一生不幸，负债累累，因为战争受伤左手残疾，同时还身陷囹
圄，在 53 岁的时候决定写书，最终写出成名作《唐吉柯德》，根据后文可知，所有的困境都没有阻挡他的
成功，年龄也是如此，故选 B。
52.D
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段 I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they
have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.故可知，作者谈论的不是
那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知 run out of steam 可知，停止学习，故选
D。
53.C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段 we lose the sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are
everywhere.可知，我们失去了好奇感，但是如果我们愿意学习，机会无处不在，故可知，机会总是留给那些
好奇心的人，故选 C。
54. D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段 we learn to bear with the things we can’t change. We learn to avoid
self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us—an idea that
troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.可知，我们学会承受那些无法改变的事情，学会避免自怜，也学会了
无论我们怎么去取悦别人，有些人是无法喜欢我们的，这个观点起初让我们苦恼，但是之后会让我们释怀，故可知，本段作者告诉我们要学会使用恰当的方式来对待生活，故选 D。
55.A
【解析】写作意图题。本文讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义，故本文作者的目的
是为了指导我们过一个有意义的成年人生活，故选 A。
题组三
Passage1
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于儿童和青少年的阅读习惯的调查报告。报
告表明，儿童和青少年趣味阅读时间明显减少；父母会对孩子的阅读习惯产生一些积极影响。
28.A 【解析】推理判断题。题干问的是这篇报道可能是关于什么内容。根据整篇文章，我们可以看出这
篇报道讲述了孩子们阅读的乐趣，孩子们阅读的时间，孩子们阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响。A
项意为：孩子们的阅读习惯；B 项意为：孩子们所读书籍的质量；C 项意为：孩子们的课后活动；D
项意为：父母与孩子的关系。故选 A。
29.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的 the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has
gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent
respectively today.可知，很少为乐趣而阅读的人的比例已经分别从 1984 年的 13 岁的 8%和 17 岁的 9%
上升到现在的 22%和 27%。也就是说，为乐趣而读书的人越来越少了。故选 B。
30.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句 many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to
concerns about increased screen time 可知，许多家长仍然限制电子阅读，主要是由于担心看一些电子屏
幕的时间越来越多，也即是担心会伤害孩子们的健康。故选 C。
31.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段 The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of
parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading.可知，有明显的证
据表明，父母为孩子们做榜样并为孩子们作重要指导能培养孩子的阅读习惯。也即是说，父母可以
通过给孩子们作榜样来鼓励孩子们阅读的。故选 A。
Passage 2
【文章大意】本文是一篇散文。我们有多久没有仔细观察我们周围的世界了。作者通过此文要告诉我
们：放慢脚步，带着我们所有的感官来感受周围世界的奇妙。
51.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段 Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A
child’s day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder.可知，与成人相比较，孩子观察得更多，孩子
的一天充满了魔力、新奇和惊奇。从而可以推断出孩子更急于探索他们周围的世界。故选 D。52.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段作者叙述在一个寒冷的夜晚，作者和学生徒步旅行穿过一条
小溪的时候，学生们抱怨水太冷而不愿往前走，结果事实上那是一个温泉。作者举这样一个事例是
为了向读者传递这样的观念：避免过早下结论。故选 A。
53.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段全段及首句 Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷)
many of us have with naming things.可知，鸟观察者发现鸟后只关心鸟的名字，并不关心它在做什么。
故答案为 C。
54.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的 I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant
camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to
take a moment to see what’s around them.可知，徒步旅行者只关心能够及时到达目的地，而很少关心周
围的事物。故选 B。
55.A 【解析】推理判断题。文章作者想要通过此文要告诉我们：大自然只展现给那些善于观察和等待的
人，带着我们所有的感官来感受周围世界的奇妙吧。故选 A。
Passage 3
【文章大意】文章讲述了汽车在美国经济和文化上的重要作用，也指出了汽车带来的环境问题。
28.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段 Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped
some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the
hamburger.可知现代美国诞生于公路和汽车，汽车塑造了美国文化最持久的一些方面。Hamburger 就
是汽车塑造的美国文化的一个方面。用这个例子是在说明汽车对美国文化的影响，故选 B。
29.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段 The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global
ecological disaster.可知美国汽车的迅速发展，导致生态灾难。故选 B。
30.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的 He fears the worst, but hopes for the best. 和最后一段中的
Friedman points out that the green economy（经济）is a chance to keep American strength.可见 Friedman
虽然对未来担心，但抱有最好的希望，他指出了发展绿色积极的想法。可见 Friedman 对未来是充满
希望的，故选 C。
题组四
Passage 1
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C
【解析】文章是新闻报道，主要讲述了外国人对中国文化的兴趣越来越浓，对于孔子的思想也越来越感兴
趣这一社会现象。1．推理判断题，由第一段“If Confucius (孔子) were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday
with a big cake,”说如果孔子还活着话，将会用大蛋糕庆祝他的生日，可以推出是吸引读者的兴趣，故选 B
项。
2．推理判断题，由第四段“Students in the United States，at the same time, are racing to learn Chinese.” 与此
同时，美国的学生也在竞相学习中文。可以推出美国学生对学习汉语有很大的兴趣，故选 A 项。
3．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由倒数后三段“So the old thinker's ideas are still alive and well.Today China
attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the
West.As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West, even if his birthday is.”可知，因
此，这位老思想家的思想仍然很活跃。今天的中国比以往任何时候都更吸引西方，它需要更多的教师来向
西方介绍孔子和中国文化。至于这位老思想家，即使是他的生日，他也不会被西方人遗忘。由此可知，短
文的最佳标题为“西方人也热衷学习孔子思想”。故选 D 项。
4．推理判断题。本文主要讲述了外国人对中国文化的兴趣越来越浓，对于孔子的思想也越来越感兴趣。由
此判断出短文很有可能是新闻报道的内容。故选 C 项。
Passage 2
【答案】1．A2．C3．A4．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要围绕“Hoffice 行动”展开，即邀请自由职业者或可以远程工作的全职员
工在彼此的家中工作，以提高工作效率，避免与社会隔绝,享受积极的社交生活。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Marten Pella s smart phone starts pinging, a signal that it’s time for us to stop working
around his living room table”可知下午 1 点半，28 岁的马腾·配拉(Mårten Pella)的智能手机响了起来，这表
示我们不能继续围坐在他家客厅的桌子旁工作了，该锻炼身体了。所以 Marten Pella 电话响起的时候他在客
厅，是在自己家里，故答案为 A。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“ In addition, each participant shares daily objectives with the rest of the group upon
arrival, and is invited to report back on whether or not they have achieved them at the end of the day. ”可知，另外，
每位参与者都要在开始工作前与其他人分享自己每天的目标，然后在一天的工作结束时汇报自己是否实现
了目标。所以人们见面后先谈论告诉对方他们的日常计划。故答案为 C。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段 He had been giving lectures on the benefits of collective intelligence, but
realised he was spending most of his own time working alone at his kitchen table.可知，他一直在讲集体智慧的好
处，但他意识到自己大部分时间都是独自一人在餐桌旁工作。由此可推断 Franzen 的意思是他们这些人相似
的处境就是总是独自一人工作，故答案为 A。4．主旨大意题。主要围绕“Hoffice 行动”展开，即邀请自由职业者或可以远程工作的全职员工在彼此的
家中工作，以提高工作效率，避免与社会隔绝,享受积极的社交生活。由此判断出，短文的最佳标题为“放
弃办公桌到陌生人家里办公”。故答案为D。
Passage 3
【答案】1．C2．C3．A4．B
【解析】本文属于说明文，介绍一种水上无人机可以用于清理浮在水面上的垃圾。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段 Responsible for collecting waste, the drone will begin operations in Dubai Marina in
November after a year of trials with local partner Ecocoast.可知，这种无人机是用来清理垃圾的，故选 C。
2．主旨大意题。根据第四段 By 2016 there were approximately 150 million tons of plastic in the world's oceans.
One paper from December 2014 estimated that over a quarter of a million tons of ocean plastic pollution was afloat.
可知，预计到 2016 年，海洋里会有 1.5 亿吨垃圾，估计约有 25 万吨垃圾漂浮在海洋上，故可知，本段主要
讲述海洋垃圾的严重性，故选 C。
3．细节理解题。根据第五段 Fitted with a collision-avoidance system, the drone uses laser imaging detection and
ranging technology to detect an object in its path and stop or back up if the object approaches."可知，配备防碰撞
系统，无人机使用激光来探测物体，用测距技术来探测前方是否有物体，如果探测到物体，无人机就会停
下来或者后退，故选 A。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段 However, Liparts argues that cleaning waterways doesn't have a one-size-fits-all
solution and requires a combination of new technology, preventative measures and changing people's attitudes
towards littering.可知，这种无人机并非解决水上垃圾污染的万全之策，需要多措并举，才能达到目的，故选
B。
Passage 4
【答案】1．D2．C3．A4．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究发现人体内含有大量的微塑料颗粒。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Measuring 50 to 500 microns in length, microplastics come from a variety of
sources, including large plastics that break down into smaller and smaller pieces. Therefore, much remains unknown
about the common existence of these materials within the human body”可知，微塑料颗粒的长度在50 到 500 微
米之间，有多种来源，包括可以分解成越来越小的碎片的较大塑料，因此，关于这些物质在人体的普遍存
在还有很多未知之处，由此可知，微塑料颗粒的大小让我们很难知道它们普遍存在于人体中，故 D 项正确。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The team also evaluated the potential consumption of microplastics through inhalation （吸入）using previously reported data on microplastic concentrations in the air and the Environmental
Protection Agency's reported respiration rates. Based on these data, the researchers calculated that our annual
consumption of microplastics via food and drink ranges from 39,000 to 52,000 particles.”可知，基兰·考克斯的研
究小组还利用先前报告的空气中微塑性物质浓度数据和环境保护署报告的呼吸速率，评估了吸入过程中微
塑料的潜在消耗量，根据这些数据，研究人员计算出，我们通过食品和饮料每年消耗的微塑料颗粒从 39000
到 52000 不等，由此可知，基兰·考克斯的研究小组是通过分析数据来计算微塑料的潜在消耗量的，故 C
项正确。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The authors of the study found that people who drink exclusively from plastic
water bottles absorb an additional 90,000 microplastics each year, compared to 4,000 among those who only
consume tap water.”可知，这项研究的作者发现，那些只喝塑料瓶装水的人每年会摄入90000 个微塑料颗粒，
而那些只喝自来水的人每年摄入 4000 个微塑料颗粒，由此可知，少喝塑料瓶装水有助于减少微塑料的摄入，
故 A 项正确。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段“Microplastics are everywhere in our environment. It's hardly
surprising that the tiny fragments have also been found in humans. A new study shows that Americans are consuming
as many as 121,000 particles each year.”可知，微塑料在我们的环境中无处不在，在人类身上也发现这些微小
的碎片并不奇怪，一项新的研究表明，美国人每年消耗的微塑料颗粒多达 12.1 万个，由此可知，本文主要
介绍的是研究发现人体内含有大量的微塑料颗粒，故 C 项正确。
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