考点 35 阅读理解记叙文
高考频度：★★★★★
考点详解
记叙文类文章描述的是一件具体事情的发生、发展和结局，通常有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些
文章是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些文章是按时间的顺序叙述的，有
顺叙、倒叙等。从总体上来讲，文章的难度通常不大，在阅读过程中，我们一直在某个线索的引导下，随
着作者的思路去了解一个故事或一件事情的始末，因此会感到比较轻松。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或
事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推
理判断能力。阅读此类文章应特别注意：（1）若是一般故事性文章，应读懂故事的发生、发展、高潮和结
局；（2）若是＂哲理故事＂，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义；（3）若是 ＂逸闻趣事＂，应体会对话的风
趣性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。
二、命题方式
考向一 细节事实理解
一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情
感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。
细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但
在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。
此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用下列方式来提问：
1.Which of the following statements is(not) true/correct?
2.Which of the following is not mentioned?
3.All of the following are true except...
4.According to the passage, when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc...？
1.直接事实题
在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章
中可以直接找到。 典例剖析
2020 年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷，B）Jenifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical
college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated
from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree.
Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the
farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college,
working to pay her tuition(学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After
graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.
Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and
to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire
program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close
to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jenifer received great support
from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her
68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.
Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲)to
achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. ''Some nights my heart
was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,'' she says. However, her children
have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and
an inspiration to her family-and that's pretty powerful.
4．What did Jennifer do after high school?
A．She helped her dad with his work.
B．She ran the family farm on her own.
C．She supported herself through college.
D．She taught her sisters and brothers at home.
5．Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield?
A．To take care of her kids easily. B．To learn from the best nurses.
C．To save money for her parents. D．To find a well-paid job there.
6．What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal?
A．Her health. B．Her time with family.C．Her reputation. D．Her chance of promotion.
7．What can we learn from Jenifer's story?
A．Time is money. B．Love breaks down barriers.
C．Hard work pays off. D．Education is the key to success.
【答案】4．C 5．A 6．B
【解析】
4．细节理解题。根据第二段的 After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her
tuition, because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.(高中毕业后，Jennifer 上了一所当地的
技术学院来支付她的学费，因为家里没有额外的钱用来支付大学教育)可知，高中毕业后 Jennifer 通过自己
挣钱来完成大学教学，因为家里没有额外的钱。C. She supported herself through college.(她自食其力读完了大
学)符合以上说法，故选 C 项。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段的 She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Misnistry Saint Joseph’s Hospital in
Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home
in the evening to help with her kids.(她选择了位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的 UW-Eau Claire 项目，因为她
可以在离家近的地方攻读四年的学位。她可以开车去上课，晚上可以回家照顾孩子)可知，Jennifer 选择位于
马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的 UW-Eau Claire 项目是因为离家近，这样便于照顾她的三个孩子。A. To take
care of her kids easily.(为了方便照顾她的孩子)符合以上说法，故选 A 项。
6．细节理解题。根据最后一段的 Jennifer sacrificed to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and
missing important events to study.(Jennifer 为了实现自己的目标牺牲了很多，她放弃了很多个和孩子待在一起
的晚上，错过了很多重要的活动)可知，为了实现自己的目标 Jennifer 放弃了和家人待在一起的时光。B. Her
time with family.(她与家人的时光)符合以上说法，故选 B 项。
2.间接事实题
解答此类题，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。
典例剖析
Invited by Mr.Ye Huixian, host of the well-received TV programme ＂Stars Tonight＂，Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asia
of 1991, appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.
Born in Shanghai and taken to Hongkong when she was only six years old, Luo Lin has never dreamed of being
Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess. Before she took part in the competition, she had been an airhostess in Cathay Airline for seven years. However, it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on
the stage, dancing, singing, making-up and other proper manners, designed by the Asia TV Station.
＂It’s really a hard job for me. I won’t enter for such competition any more. Anyhow, I am quite lucky. I am also
glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title. This time, in Shanghai, I’d love to
make a deep impression on my TV audience，＂said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.
Q：Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.
B. Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents.
C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.
D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.
【解析】A、C 和 D 项都可在原文找到答案，而 B 项原文所给的是：taken to Hongkong 可判断不是 moved to
Hongkong with her parents，因此选 B。
【答案】
3. 数据推算。
典例剖析
If you register both the VIEW qualification course and the Forum at the same time, you will save_______ .
A. $100 B.$300 C.$350 D.$400
这类题目要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在做此类题时：
1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。
2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息，那些属于干扰信息。
3.不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。
考向二 主题理解或写作意图推断
一、主旨阅读理解题考查的内容
1.短文的标题（title,headline）；
2.短文或段落的主题（subject）；
3.中心思想(main idea)；
4.作者的写作目的(purpose)。
二、此类题的设问方式
1.What would be the best title for the text?2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?
3.What is the passage mainly about?
4.The main purpose of announcing the above events is__________.
考向三 推理推断
推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实
或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，
属于深层理解题。
此类题的设问常常包括 infer, imply, suggest, conclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有：
1.We can infer from the Passage that__________.
2.What can be inferred from the Passage?
3.Which of the following can be inferred from the Passage?
4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that__________.
5.The author suggests in this paragraph that__________.
6.The writer implies that__________.
7.It can be inferred that__________.
8.It can be concluded from the Passage that__________.
9.On the whole, we can conclude that__________.
10.From the text we can conclude that__________.
11.After reading the Passage we may conclude that__________.
12.What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage?
13.The author is inclined to think that__________.
14.When the writer talks about, what he really means is that__________.
15.What’s the writer’s attitude/feeling towards...?
16.In the writer’s opinion,...
考向四 词义、句义猜测。
词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不
停留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。
此类题的设问方式主要有
1.The word ＂...＂in Line...means/can be replaced by...2.As used in the passage, the phrase ＂...＂suggests...
3.From the passage, we can infer that the word/phrase ＂...＂ is/referred to...
4.The word ＂...＂ is closest in meaning to...
猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大
的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会＂顺藤摸瓜＂，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、
因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。
1.定义法。如：
Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.
句子给予 annealing 以明确的定义，即 ＂退火＂。
It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is,it will break easily.
从后面的解释中我们可以了解到 brittle 是＂脆＂的意思。
The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的词义为＂牧人＂。
2.同位法。如：
They traveled a long way and at last got to a castle,a large building in old times.
同位语部分 a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义，即＂城堡＂。
We are on the night shift—from midnight to 8 A. m.—this week.
两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明 night shift 是＂夜班＂的意思。
3.对比法。如：
She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.
but 一词表转折，因此 but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是＂她今天第一节上了一半才来＂，因此反向
推理，可得出她平时一向＂准时＂的结论。
4.构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)。如：
Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years.But the next hundred?
possibility 是 possible 的同根名词，据此可以判断定 possibility 意思是＂可能性＂。
5.因果法。如：
The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could
never play the sport again.
从后面的结果＂永远不能再运动＂中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为＂永远的，永久＂。【解题技巧】
高考阅读理解体裁纷繁多样，但每套试卷通常包含一到两篇记叙文。在所有的阅读体裁中，记叙文的
难度相对是比较低的。如果掌握了阅读的技巧，多多实践，阅读能力就有可能大大提高。
要熟练掌握记叙文的阅读技巧，了解记叙文的写作特点与命题特点也是有必要的。
一、记叙文写作特点
记叙文是一种记载和叙述事件由来，描绘事物和人物情景状态、过程及发展的文体。消息、通讯、传
记、游记、小说、童话、寓言以及记叙性的散文等文体，都属于记叙文的范畴。
就写作顺序而言，记叙文要么是按时间顺序，要么是按事件的重要性的顺序来展开。不管是哪种
叙述方法，最后经常会有一两句话抒发作者的情绪与感悟，这是记叙文的精华所在，也是阅读的难点所在，
可谓＂一篇之妙，在于落句＂。
二、记叙文命题特点
从命题形式上看，常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。除了推论
或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进，否则就会觉得别
扭，逻辑不通。同时，记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了
解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，则取决于文
章的落句，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。总之，细节题是记叙文命题的主流题型。而寓意之类的题
则是高一层次的题，有一定的难度和区分度，它们是拉开距离的题，答对了这些题，你才有可能成功地跻
身高分之列。综上所述，记叙文的应对策略即：不漏细节，奠定基础；把准寓意，方能成功。
三、记叙文答题技巧
一把钥匙开一把锁。要解答好记叙文阅读理解题，就应该有一套针对性强的方法和技巧。下面是我们
在阅读教学中积累下来的一点心得体会，希望能对大家有所帮助。
No.1 顺藤摸瓜
记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的 5W（what, who, when, where, why）要素。因
此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。
No.2 左顾右盼
在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，
抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或
右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。
No.3 刨根问底 如前所述，主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法
解答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四
个可选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如＂What can be inferred
from …?＂或是 What does the author imply in…?＂之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前
文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。
No.4 拨云见日
每年的高考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是你
素昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在高考词汇表要求之外的词
汇。小小的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章通篇
或者一个段落的整体把握和变通能力。
这时，你不仅需要＂左顾右盼＂，还需要在几句话，一个段落，乃至整篇文章的字里行间中快速
搜寻，看看前面、后面都发生了些什么；反复琢磨人物、事物，或者人物与事物之间的内在联系，才可能
在最后拨开团团迷雾，从四个选项中选出正确答案。
检测训练
题组一（2020 年高考真题）
Passage1(2020 年浙江卷（1 月），B)
I never knew anyone who’d grown up in Jackson without being afraid of Mrs. Calloway our librarian.
She ran Jackson’s Carnegie Library absolutely by herself. SILENCE in big black letters was on signs hung
everywhere. If she thought you were dressed improperly, she sent you straight back home to change your clothes. I
was willing；I would do anything to read.
My mother was not afraid of Mrs. Calloway. She wished me to have my own library card to check out books
for myself, She took me in to introduce me. “Eudora is nine years old and has my permission to read any book she
wants from the shelves, children or adults,” Mother said.
Mrs. Calloway made her own rules about books. You could not take back a book to the library on the same
day you`d taken it out；it made no difference to her that you’d read every word in it and needed another to start.
You could take out two books at a time and two only. So two by two, I read library books as fast as I could go,
rushing them home in the basket of my bicycle. From the minute I reached our house, I started to read. I knew this
was extreme happiness, knew it at the time.My mother shared this feeling of mine. Now, I think of her as reading so much of the time while doing
something else. I remember her reading a magazine while taking the part of the Wolf in a game of "Little Red
Riding Hood" with my brother's two daughters. She'd just look up at the right time, long enough to answer– in
character –"The better to eat you with, my dear," and go back to her place in the magazine article.
21．Which of the following best described Mrs. Calloway?
A．diet. B．Strict. C．Humorous. D．Considerate.
22．What do the underlined words "this feeling" refer to in the last paragraph?
A．Desire to read. B．Love for Mrs. Calloway.
C．Interest in games. D．Fear of the library rules.
23．Where is the text probably from?
A．guidebook. B．an autobiography. C．a news report. D．book review.
Passage2(2019·全国山东新高考，C)
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically
broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write
an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the
Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of
lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange
land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful
English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In
Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police
methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange
drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles
from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of
Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate
stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it
is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.8．What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan?
A．His friends' invitation. B．His interest in the country.
C．His love for teaching. D．His desire to regain health.
9．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Developing a serious mental disease.
B．Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C．Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.
D．Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
10．Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan?
A．Romantic. B．Eventful. C．Pleasant. D．Dangerous.
11．What is the purpose of this text?
A．To introduce a book. B．To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C．To remember a writer. D．To recommend a travel destination.
Passage3(2019·天津卷 7 月，B)
“They tell me that you’d like to make a statue(塑像) of me-is that correct, Miss Vinnie Ream?”
The deep, gentle voice helped calm the nervous girl. Asking a favor of the President of the United States was no
casual matter, especially for a seventeen-year-old girl.
“Yes, sir,” she replied, her dark eyes meeting his. “I wouldn’t have duo ask you, but my teacher, Mr. Mills, says I am
ready. I plan to make it in an admirable manner. “
President Lincoln smiled. “Painters, sculptors-they’ve all tried to make the best of this ordinary face, but I’m afraid
there’s not much hope. What did you have in mind, Miss Ream? A bust(半身像)?”
Before Vinnie could say yes, the President hurried on, a shade of apology in his voice.
“Of course-I shouldn’t have asked. A full-length pose would be much too big a project for a young woman your size.
“Vinnie’s face turned red. She realized she looked like a child, with her tiny figure. “Small does not mean weak, sir,”
she defended herself. “I was born in the country of Wisconsin. I’ve driven teams of horses and carried water. Making
a full-length clay(粘土) figure would not exhaust my strength-and that is what I intend to do!”
The President’s eyes, brightened at her show of spirit. “Sorry, madam, I have underestimated you as I didn’t know
your background.”
But his smile faded as he rubbed his beard with bony fingers, in thought. “Miss Ream,” he sighed, “I’d like to let you do it, but as you know, we are in the middle of a war. How could I possibly take the time to pose for a sculpture now?
I hardly have a minute to myself.”
Vinnie glanced around and noted the size of his office. “I work quickly,” she said. Her voice was soft but confident as
she pointed to the corner near the windows. “If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon,
I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk.”
The President seemed to consider her idea seriously. He got up and shook Vinnie’s hand warmly, “I’ve heard that you
are a talented young woman, and I have found you charming and intelligent as well. I cannot make my decision
immediately, but you will hear from me soon.”
The very next day, Vinnie received an invitation from the President.
41. What gave Vinnie confidence to make her request of President Lincoln?
A. Her aggressive personality.
B. Mr. Mills’s encouraging remark.
C. President Lincoln’s gentle voice.
D. Her interest in a challenging job.
42. How did President Lincoln first respond to Vinnie’s request?
A. Pleased.
B. Thrilled.
C. Regretful.
D. Doubtful.
43. Vinnie confirmed her ability to make a full-length statue by highlighting ______.
A. her experience from other projects
B. her innocent childhood in the country
C. the heavy labor she had done before
D. the skill she picked up in Wisconsin
44. Vinnie wanted to choose the corner near the windows to ______.
A. achieve effects of natural lighting
B. keep all her tools within easy reach
C. observe the President at a right angle
D. avoid disturbing the president’s work45. What message does the story convey?
A. A strong-willed soul can reach his goal.
B. Experience helps to promote excellence.
C. Ups and downs make one strong.
D. Devotion requires enthusiasm.
Passage4(2019·天津卷 3 月，B)
One of the most stressful days of Susan McFrederick’s life was watching her son get wheeled away for surgery
hours after he was born in 2011.
But after the operation, Susan burst into tears for a different reason: across the cut on their newborn sons back was
a sweet winter scene, hand-drawn on his bandages（绷带）.
“There were rolling hills of snow, a pine tree and a snowman with a hat and broom, she recalled. It was extremely
touching and comforting to know that somebody had taken the time to do that for my family. It was a moment I'll
never forget.”
Susan soon learned the artist was her sons surgeon, Robert Parry, who discovered another way to use his hands in
the mid-1980 s during his internship（实习期）at children's medical center. where he saw one of his colleagues cut
out heart and shark shapes to decorate children’s bandages.
“ My first reaction was, 'What is he doing? Hey, that’s kind of neat,’ ” Parry recalled. “I especially liked the
reactions of the parents and the patients when they saw his artwork. The smiles took everyone's attention from the
surgery. Then I decided to follow suit.”
Parry quickly graduated from his early hearts and sharks, and started to surprise families with drawings that
captured young patients' personalities. From Snoopy to Spider-Man and bears to butterflies, there isn’t much he
hasn’t drawn. Most kids want superheroes sports team logos or princesses, while babies often receive scenes with
flowers trees and sea creatures During the last 30 years, Parry estimates he has left examples of his handiwork over
the stitches（伤口缝线） of more than 10, 000 children.
“ During a time of stress for families, it's nice to be able to help them smile and laugh," Parry said. This is
something positive that I can do for them, which is what I like most about it.”
For Parry, the reward is knowing he hopefully made a difference in a child’s life, and except for his drawings on
bandages, they can go on and live their lives and never know I was in it.” he said.He's not ready to retire, but he's found a new hobby to keep his hands skillful in the years to come.
“I've taken up knitting（编织）,” Parry said. “Hats, sweaters, gloves---I enjoy it all. But mostly, I enjoy
giving everything away.”
40．Susan burst into tears after her baby's operation because she was__________.
A．moved B．amused
C．stressed D．heartbroken
41．How did Parry get the idea of decorating children's bandages?
A．He was motivated by his patients.
B．He was inspired by his colleague.
C．He was required to learn the skill during his internship.
D．He was encouraged by Susan to show his genius for art.
42．Parry's artworks during the last 30 years show that he__________.
A．devoted himself more to art than to medicine.
B．knew more about his patients than their parents.
C．took into consideration the tastes of individual patients.
D．created a large number of works beyond his expectations.
43．What does Parry expect to achieve with his artworks?
A．To get a reward from the artistic circle.
B．To win the admiration of his colleagues.
C．To make a difference in his dull medical career.
D．To lift the spirits of his patients and their parents.
44．What can we learn about Parry from the last two paragraphs of the passage?
A．He is eager to show others his new skills.
B．He enjoys trying new ways to help others.
C．He is looking forward to life after retirement.
D．He is more interested in knitting than drawing.
题组二（2019 年高考真题）
Passage1(2019·全国新课标卷 I，B)
For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day ,and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the of kid who would
enjoy public speaking.
But he’s, nervous.“I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a.
pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher ,Thomas Whaley ,is next to him,
whispering support.“…Vote for …me …”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he
brings his speech to a nice conclusion ,Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
A son of immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls(回想起)how at
the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.
Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets
you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student，” Whaley explains，“especially for a student who is learning
English as their new language，to feel confident enough to say，‘I don’t know，but I want to know.’”
Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to
raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project
is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about
themselves.
“Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities,” Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into
the classroom not feeling confident.”
24. What made Chris nervous？
A. Telling a story. B. Making a speech.
C. Taking a test. D. Answering a question.
25. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Improper pauses. B. Bad manners. C. Spelling mistakes. D. Silly jokes.
26. We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to _________.
A. help students see their own strengths
B. assess students’ public speaking skills
C. prepare students for their future jobs
D. inspire students’ love for politics
27. Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?
A. Humorous. B. Ambitious. C. Caring. D. Demanding.Passage2(2019·全国新课标卷 II，B)
“You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers，then I will do it.” This was an actual
reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.
I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an
unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single
parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on … At this
point the unwilling parent speaks up,“Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.”
I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The
unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts.
Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to
focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced
oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.
Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with
a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community(社区)as you
freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.
In that sense, I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit. However, if others
benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?
24. What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph l？
A. She knows little about the club.
B. She isn't good at sports.
C. She just doesn't want to volunteer.
D. She's unable to meet her schedule.
25. What does the underlined phrase“tug at the heartstrings”in paragraph 2 mean ?
A. Encourage team work.
B. Appeal to feeling.
C. Promote good deeds.
D. Provide advice.
26. What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3?
A. She gets interested in lacrosse.B. She is proud of her kids.
C. She’ll work for another season.
D. She becomes a good helper.
27. Why does the author like doing volunteer work?
A. It gives her a sense of duty.
B. It makes her very happy.
C. It enables her to work hard.
D. It brings her material rewards.
Passage3(2019·北京卷 II，B)
Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur(创业者), who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the time
she was 13，her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save
kids' teeth，instead of destroying them.
It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a
candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But
Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, "Why
can't I make a healthy candy that's good for my teeth so that my parents can't say no to it?"
With that in mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. He
recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy
would contain.
With her dad's permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe
that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently,
she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.
Moore then used her savings to get her business of the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured their first
business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moore's product-Cancandy.
As CanCandy's success grows, so does Moore's credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about
the candy she created, and she's also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a
clean mouth and a broad smile.
Meanwhile, with her parents' help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded
her company early on in life, she wasn't driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilicCandy's profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears
that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.
34. How did Moore react to her dad's warning?
A. She argued with him. B. She tried to find a way out.
C. She paid no attention. D. She chose to consult dentists.
35. What is special about CanCandy?
A. It is beneficial to dental health. B. It is free of sweeteners.
C. It is sweeter than other candies. D. It is produced to a dentists' recipe.
36. What does Moore expect from her business?
A. To earn more money. B. To help others find smiles.
C. To make herself stand out. D. To beat other candy companies.
37. What can we learn from Alice Moore's story?
A. Fame is a great thirst of the young.
B. A youth is to be regarded with respect.
C. Positive thinking and action result in success.
D. Success means getting personal desires satisfied
Passage4(2019·浙江卷，A)
Zachariah Fike has an unusual hobby. He finds old military(军队的)medals for sale in antique stores and on the
Internet.But unlike most collectors, Zac tracks down the medals’ rightful owners, and returns them.
His effort to reunite families with lost medals began with a Christmas gift from his mother, a Purple Heart with
the name Corrado A. G. Piccoli, found in an antique shop. Zac knows the meaning of a Purple Heart-he earned one
himself in a war as a soldier. So when his mother gave him the medal, he knew right away what he had to do.
Through the Internet, Zac tracked down Corrado’s sister Adeline Rockko. But when he finally reached her, the
woman flooded him with questions: "Who are you？What antique shop？" However, when she hung up, she
regretted the way she had handled the call. So she called Zac back and apologized. Soon she drove to meet Zac in
Watertown, N.Y. "At that point, I knew she meant business, " Zac says. "To drive eight hours to come to see me."
The Piccolis grew up the children of Italian immigrants in Watertown. Corrado, a translator for the Army during
WWII, was killed in action in Europe.
Before hearing from Zac, Adeline hadn’t realized the medal was missing. Like many military medals, the one Zac’s mother had found was a family treasure." This medal was very precious to my parents. Only on special
occasions(场合)would they take it out and let us hold it in our hands," Adeline says.
As a child, Adeline couldn't understand why the medal was so significant. “But as I grew older,” Adeline says,
"and missed my brother more and more, I realized that was the only thing we had left." Corrado Piccoli’s Purple
Heart medal now hangs at the Italian American Civic Association in Watertown.
Zac recently returned another lost medal to a family in Alabama. Since he first reunited Corrado’s medal, Zac
says his record is now 5 for 5.
21. Where did Zac get a Purple Heart medal for himself？
A. In the army.
B. In an antique shop.
C. From his mother.
D. From Adeline Rockko.
22. What did Zac realize when Adeline drove to meet him？
A. She was very impolite.
B. She was serious about the medal.
C. She suspected his honesty.
D. She came from a wealthy family.
23. What made Adeline treasure the Purple Heart?
A. Her parents’ advice.
B. Her knowledge of antiques.
C. Her childhood dream.
D. Her memory of her brother.
题组三（2018 年高考真题）
Passage1(2018·全国新课标卷 III，C)
While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new
CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great
efforts to take the center stage.
Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker
Architecture Prize — which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture — on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.
Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA). His office is
located at the Xiangshan campus(校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the
campus are his original creations.
The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed
by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfectly match
the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.
Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use
traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention
thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).
Wang’s works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions.
Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the
1995 Pritzker Prize.
Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. "That is only evidence that
traditions once existed," he said.
"Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the
past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created, " he said.
"Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese
traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are, " said Wang.
The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be
artificial and empty, he said.
28. Wang’s winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are ___________.
A. following the latest world trend
B. getting international recognition
C. working harder than ever before
D. relying on foreign architects
29. What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?
A. Its hilly environment. B. Its large size.
C. Its unique style. D. Its diverse functions.30. What made Wang’s architectural design a success?
A. The mixture of different shapes.
B. The balance of East and West.
C. The use of popular techniques.
D. The harmony of old and new.
31. What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?
A. Spread them to the world. B. Preserve them at museums.
C. Teach them in universities. D. Recreate them in practice.
Passage2(2018·北京卷，A)
My First Marathon（马拉松）
A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks,
leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.
I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then
hit a softball. I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was ＂not athletic＂.
The idea that I was ＂not athletic＂ stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized
running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the
battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!
The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn’t even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and
nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.
Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start
I wanted!
At mile 3, I passed a sign: ＂GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!＂
By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course
walking a bit and then running again.
By mile 21, I was starving!
As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the
alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.
I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the
one that the guy who came in first place had.Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself
a ＂marathon winner＂.
36. A month before the marathon, the author ____________.
A. was well trained B. felt scared
C. made up his mind to run D. lost hope
37. Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?
A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher.
B. To amuse the readers with a funny story.
C. To show he was not talented in sports.
D. To share a precious memory.
38. How was the author’s first marathon?
A. He made it. B. He quit halfway.
C. He got the first prize. D. He walked to the end.
39. What does the story mainly tell us?
A. A man owes his success to his family support.
B. A winner is one with a great effort of will.
C. Failure is the mother of success.
D. One is never too old to learn.
Passage3(2018·天津卷，B)
When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist
named Marian McNay. She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death. On a sunny
Saturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum. She asked, "Do you have the address? ""No, but I’ll recognize it,
there was a picture in the magazine. "
"Oh, stop. There it is!”
The museum was free. We entered, excited. A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at
us.
"May I help you?" a man asked. "No, "I said. "We’re fine.” Tour guides got on my nerves. What if they talked
a long time about a painting you weren’t that interested in? Sally had gone upstairs. The people in the hall seemed
very nosy(爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem? I saw some nice sculptures in one room. Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me. "Where do you think you are? " he asked. I turned
sharply. "The McNay Art Museum!" He smiled, shaking his head. "Sorry, the McNay is on New Braunfels Street."
"What’s this place?” I asked, still confused. "Well, it’s our home." My heart jolted(震颤). I raced to the staircase
and called out, "Sally! Come down immediately! "
"There’s some really good stuff( 艺 术 作 品 ) up there." She stepped down, looking confused. I pushed her
toward the front door, waving at the family, saying, "Sorry, please forgive us, you have a really nice place."
Outside, when I told Sally what happened, she covered her mouth, laughing. She couldn’t believe how long they let
us look around without saying anything.
The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervous the whole time we were there. Van Gogh, Picasso. This
time, we stayed together, in case anything else unusual happened.
Thirty years later, a woman approached me in a public place. "Excuse me, did you ever enter a residence, long
ago, thinking it was the McNay Museum? "
"Yes. But how do you know? We never told anyone. "
"That was my home. I was a teenager sitting in the hall. Before you came over, I never realized what a
beautiful place I lived in. I never felt lucky before. You thought it was a museum. My feelings about my home
changed after that. I’ve always wanted to thank you."
41. What do we know about Marian McNay?
A. She was a painter.
B. She was a community leader.
C. She was a museum director.
D. She was a journalist.
42. Why did the author refuse the help from the man in the house?
A. She disliked people who were nosy.
B. She felt nervous when talking to strangers.
C. She knew more about art than the man.
D. She mistook him for a tour guide.
43. How did the author feel about being stared at by the people in the hall?
A. Puzzled. B. Concerned. C. Frightened. D. Delighted.
44. Why did the author describe the real McNay museum in just a few words?A. The real museum lacked enough artwork to interest her.
B. She was too upset to spend much time at the real museum.
C. The McNay was disappointing compared with the house.
D. The event happening in the house was more significant.
45. What could we learn from the last paragraph?
A. People should have good taste to enjoy life.
B. People should spend more time with their family.
C. People tend to be blind to the beauty around them.
D. People tend to educate teenagers at a museum.
Passage4(2018·浙江卷，A)
In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been
writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719—but nobody wanted to
do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（识字） rate in
England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something
like “By a lady.”Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.
In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and
beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters —
from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim— were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged.
Removing him from the pantheon（名人堂） of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre
selling off the Mona Lisa.
How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and
the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from
1837 to1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ style
of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and
scientific progress. But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will
ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the
200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture—to understand how
he made himself a lasting one.
21. Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?A. They were difficult to understand.
B. They were popular among the rich.
C. They were seen as nearly worthless.
D. They were written mostly by women.
22. Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress________.
A. his reputation in France
B. his interest in modern art
C. his success in publication
D. his importance in literature
23. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To remember a great writer.
B. To introduce an English novel.
C. To encourage studies on culture.
D. To promote values of the Victorian age.
题组四（名校模拟题）
Passage 1
（2020·临沂行知实验学校高三一模） The other day I was shopping at a local store and came upon a
lady from India squatting on the floor looking for a certain product on the bottom shelf. She sprang up when she saw
me as if to get out of my way. Apologetically she explained that she was a cashier at a nearby store and was on her
lunch break, trying to get a few needed items before her time was up.
I reassured her, "I am in no hurry. Go ahead and do what you need to do." While she searched for a particular
brand, she said that sometimes customers were rude to her at the store and she really appreciated my kindness. I told
her that I had noticed cashiers being treated rudely by some people.
I also explained to her that I was a retired nurse and understood some of what she was saying first hand.
Sometimes patients, families, or doctors could be very rude or mean. But I tried to understand why they were feeling
that way and let it go. "The world would be a better place if we all acted kindly toward each other. Those who are rude
may have bad karma coming after them eventually." I added.
She nodded and was surprised, “So you know about karma?” My reply was simple. “A little bit. Karma is the
same thing as doing something bad and it comes back to bite you on the butt.” She paused, looked puzzled, then broke out in a big smile and covered her mouth with her hand, laughing as she walked away.
It felt so good that in a brief exchange I showed her there were kind people in the world, which might have
helped her regain her faith in humanity.
1．How did the lady react when she saw the author in the store?
A．She apologized for her rude manners.
B．She invited her to have lunch together.
C．She stood up trying to make way for her.
D．She kept searching for the needed product.
2．Which of the following best describes the author?
A．Kind and understanding.
B．Courageous and warm﹣hearted.
C．Responsible and humorous.
D．Sympathetic and open﹣minded.
3．What is the main message the author wants to convey?
A．Working as a cashier is no easy job.
B．Those who are rude deserve bad karma.
C．Doing acts of kindness will make people feel good.
D．We should treat others the way we want to be treated.
Passage 2
（2020·河南罗山高三一模） It was late August when I got a call from a grandmother. She lives in Seeley
Lake, Montana, and she has heard we have air purifiers ( 净 化 器 ) with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA)
air-cleaners that can help with smoke. She needs one for the baby’s room. I explained we didn’t have any and told
her how to purchase one.
She coughed and went silent with disappointment before asking how much they cost. Almost every person I talk to
in Seeley Lake has this cough. “The family doesn’t have much money,” she said, but she promised to order a filter
for the child. Small filters—ones that can clean a bedroom of up to 75 square feet—cost about $70 each.
The next day, the wildfire that had been burning for weeks in the Lolo National Forest, northeast of town, moved
closer to the woman’s neighborhood, and the county sheriff’s office evacuated (疏散) the area. I wondered whether
the air-cleaner would be there when the family returned home. I knew the smoke would be.As an air-quality specialist with the Missoula City-County Health Department in Montana, my job is to understand
air pollution, control it as much as possible, and help people protect themselves from its effects. I focus on smoke
management: issuing permits for outdoor burns and updating residents about what to expect from the smoke when
wildfires send it our way.
Never had we seen so many wildfires so close to home for so many weeks. There are six classes on the
Environmental Protection Agency’s Air Quality Index (指数): good, moderate, unhealthy for sensitive groups,
unhealthy, very unhealthy, and dangerous. Seeley Lake’s air reached dangerous class in 18 days last summer.
Last year was troubled by wildfires around the country. The fires that struck Northern California alone killed 44
people and caused more than $9 billion in damage. But this isn’t just a recent problem, nor is it limited to the West.
Wildfires hit 49 states in 2017, including a swath from Florida to Virginia. More than 9 million acres burned
nationwide, compared with the yearly average of 6.5 million acres.
1．Why did the grandmother make a call to the author?
A．To prevent the wildfire.
B．To help her make a move.
C．To ask for an air purifier.
D．To get information about air pollution.
2．How did the woman feel about the author’s reply?
A．Angry. B．Hopeful.
C．Excited. D．Disappointed.
3．What’s the author’s purpose of writing paragraph 5?
A．To add some background information.
B．To summarize the previous paragraphs.
C．To introduce a new topic for discussion.
D．To make the readers realize the situation.
4．Compared with the yearly average, the burned acres nationwide in 2017 rose by ________.
A．about 49% B．about 38%
C．about 72%D．about 52%
Passage 3
（2020·黑龙江高三开学考试） Sometimes we experience pain that seems just too big to feel, too frightening to face - it looks like a tsunami. So, we run. My tsunami came when I was nine years old.
I was woken up by my mother’s screams - “Bob? Bob?! BOB!” I ran to my parents’ bedroom. My father was on
all fours, unconscious. My mother was crazy - desperately trying to figure out how to stop what was happening. I ran
to the phone - 9-1-1, the neighbors, anyone - “help us!” Soon rescue came, but my father didn’t come back to life.
When my friends came to comfort me, I remember “pulling myself together” as I walked toward them,
determining to show them that I was fine.
The more I denied my pain, the more I was praised by the adults around me-”Oh, look how strong she is!” So, I
kept saying “I’m fine.” Over and over and over. I said it enough - performed it enough - that I even fooled myself. I
believed that I was okay.
But pain doesn’t just “go away” - that whole “time heals” thing is a total crock 30 years after my father died,
when I looked around for an explanation for all the years of destructive behavior, I couldn’t find the root of the pain in
my life because I had covered it up so well. All the “I’m fine” - 30 years of them - buried the pain of that nine years
old girl.
Her pain had been trying to come out, to be heard, to be healed.
And, finally, it was.
After years of treatment, I found my way back to that night where the pain started, back to the tsunami. This
time, I didn’t run. It hurt - it still hurts - but now, when it hurts, I let the pain come. I m not scared to say, “I’m not
fine” - because I know, eventually, I will be.
1．What did the author do when her father was in danger?
A．She ran out to look for rescue. B．She kept calm and asked for help.
C．She offered first aid to him at once. D．She was too afraid to do anything.
2．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “crock” in Paragraph 5?
A．fact B．theory
C．experiment D．lie
3．Why was the author praised?
A．She behaved politely.
B．She seemed to be confident.
C．She could look after herself.
D．She could handle the blow properly.4．What lesson can we get from the author’s experience?
A．Hiding our pain can be harmful.
B．Expressing pain is not very easy.
C．Being strong means hiding one’s pain.
D．Children are good at covering up their pain.
Passage 4
（2020·广东化州�高三三模） Sometimes while sitting doing nothing, our minds recall events from the
past that make us all tingly inside. I had one of those moments yesterday. I believe this was triggered（引起）by the
oldie The Impossible Dream that was playing on the radio yesterday afternoon!
In 1971, returning from our regular Friday night pregame meeting, I had no sooner walked in the door of our
three-room apartment hack than the phone rang. It was the township police. They inquired if I was the football coach.
I answered yes and asked if there was a problem. He said our football team had climbed the fence of the township
football field and were sitting somewhere around the 50-yard line quietly. It was really not a problem. However, he
thought I would like to know. I called my assistants, and made our way to the field.
We met the police at the locked gate. The field was dark and silent. Then, suddenly, we heard voices
singing—together and on key—the team theme song, The Impossible Dream. Silently, we listened and became
overwhelmed（压倒）with emotion. Even the policemen had tears rolling down their cheeks. When the team had
finished, they walked slowly to the now-opened gate of the field and were shocked to see us waiting there. Of course,
our first words were, "What is going on?"
Mike Bernert, the team captain, replied, "Well, coach, you told us to visualize our performance in our mind just
before the night of the game. So we came and visualized the upcoming game while sitting on the 50-yard line.
Afterward, we would sing The Impossible Dream.”
The coaches and I were overwhelmed. And of course, the team, which was undefeated at this point, never lost a
game that season.
1．What does the underlined word “tingly” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A．Frightened. B．Excited.
C．Worried. D．Puzzled.
2．Why did the police call?
A．The team did something unusual.B．The team had conflicts with fans.
C．The team locked themselves in the football field.
D．The team damaged the fences of the playground.
3．How did the team feel when they saw the author and the policeman?
A．Happy. B．Sad.
C．Ashamed. D．Surprised.
4．What is the purpose for the team to sing the song?
A．To enjoy themselves. B．To inspire themselves.
C．To celebrate their success. D．To rest themselves.
答案解析
题组一
Passage1(2020 年浙江卷（1 月），B)
【答案】21．B22．A23．B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要内容为作者非常喜爱阅读，并保持着在图书馆中阅读和借阅书籍的习
惯，而作者的母亲也和作者一样拥有对读书的渴望。
21．推理判断题。根据第一段中 I never knew anyone who’d grown up in Jackson without being afraid of Mrs.
Calloway our librarian. （我从来没见过哪个在杰克逊长大的人不害怕我们的图书管理员卡洛维夫人）以及
SILENCE in big black letters was on signs hung everywhere. If she thought you were dressed improperly, she sent
you straight back home to change your clothes.（到处都挂着牌子，上面用黑色的大字写着“肃静”。如果她认为
你穿得不合适，她会直接让你回家换衣服）可知 Mrs. Calloway 很严格。故选 B。
22．词义猜测题。根据下文 Now, I think of her as reading so much of the time while doing something else.（现
在，我觉得她在做其他事情的同时，也在阅读）可知作者的妈妈也非常喜欢阅读，故作者的母亲渴望读书
和作者是一样的。故划线短语意思为“渴望读书”。故选 A。
23．推理判断题。结合文章主要内容可知，作者非常喜爱阅读，并保持着在图书馆中阅读和借阅书籍的习
惯，而作者的母亲也和作者一样渴望读书。故可推测文章可能来自于一份自传。故选 B。
Passage2(2019·全国山东新高考，C)
【答案】8．B9．D10．B11．A
【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Bissell 写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书。这本书是 Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段的”A few years later, still attracted to the country. he returned to Uzbekistan to write
an article about the disappearance of the Ara Sea”可知，几年后，Bissell 仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹
别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章。因此推断出对这个国家的兴趣让 Bissell 先生再次返回乌兹别克斯
坦。故选 B。
9．词句猜测题。划线句是第二段首句，that 用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断 that 指代写了一篇关于咸海
消失的文章这件事，根据第一段最后一句”A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to
Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea(几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到
乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章)”可知，that 指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选
D。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段”This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also
its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara
he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬
礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and
fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.”可知，在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，Mr Bissell 既体会到了友善和温暖，
也看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒马尔罕，Mr Bissell 欣赏到了的建筑奇观。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因为被怀
疑进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎俩。在费尔干纳，他参加了一个山区葬礼，然后参加了一个奇怪的酒
会。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难过。由此可知，在旅途中，他
经历了很多事情。结合选项，B 选项(充满事件的，多事的)可以表达此意。故选 B。
11．推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的
书《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本文
的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选 A。
Passage3(2019·天津卷 7 月，B)
【答案】41. B42. D43. C44. D45. A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了 Vinnie Ream 向林肯总统提出给他做一个全身雕像的请求，一开
始林肯总统对此表示怀疑，在 Vinnie 的不断努力争取后，最终第二天 Vinnie 收到了林肯总统的邀请。
41. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I wouldn't have dared to ask you, but my teacher, Mr. Mills, says I am ready. I
plan to make it in an admirable manner. “可知，我本来不敢问你，但我的老师 Mills 先生说我准备好了。我打算
用一种令人钦佩的方式来做这件事。由此可知，Mills 先生的话给了 Vinnie 向林肯总统提出要求的底气。故选 B。
42. 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Of course- I shouldn't have asked. A full-length pose would be much too big a
project for a young woman your size.”可知，当然-我不应该问的。对于你这种身材的年轻女性来说，全身雕像
太大了。由此可推知，林肯总统首先对 Vinnie 的请求表示怀疑。故选 D。
43. 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“I've driven teams of horses and carried water. Making a full-length clay figure
would not exhaust my strength-and this is what I intend to do!”可知，我赶过马队，提过水。做一个全身雕像不会
耗尽我的力量-我还正想这样呢！此可知，Vinnie 通过强调她以前所做的繁重劳动，证实了她有能力制作一
个全身雕像。故选 C。
44. 推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中的“Miss Ream,” he sighed, “I'd like to let you do it, but as you know, we are
in the middle of a war. How could I possibly take the time to pose for a sculpture now? I hardly have a minute to
myself. “可知，总统提到自己没有时间摆姿势来让 Vinnie 做雕像。根据倒数第三段中的“Vinnie glanced around
and noted the size of his office. “I work quickly,” she said. Her voice was soft but confident as she pointed to the
corner near the windows. “If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon, I could complete
most of the project while you are at your desk.”可知，Vinnie 环顾四周，注意到了他办公室的大小。“我干得很
快，”她说。她指着靠近窗户的那个角落，声音柔和而自信。“如果我把我的粘土带到这里来，每天下午工作
三个小时，我就可以在你办公的时候完成大部分的项目。”由此可推知，上文中总统提到自己没有时间摆姿
势来让 Vinnie 做雕像，于是 Vinnie 想选择靠近窗户的角落，是为了避免干扰总统的工作。故选 D。
45. 推理判断题。根据文章主要记叙了 Vinnie Ream 向林肯总统提出给他做一个全身雕像的请求，一开始林
肯总统对此表示怀疑，在 Vinnie 的不断努力争取后，最终第二天 Vinnie 收到了林肯总统的邀请。由此可推
知，这个故事表达了意志坚强的人能达到目标的思想。故选 A。
Passage4(2019·天津卷 3 月，B)
【答案】40．A41．B42．C43．D44．B
【解析】
本文是记叙文。讲述了 Robert Parry 通过手绘装饰儿童绷带的方法，在家庭面临压力的时候，帮助病人和他
们的父母微笑和大笑来鼓舞他们的故事。
40．推理判断题。根据第二段 But after the operation, Susan burst into tears for a different reason across the cut on
their newborn son's back was a sweet winter scene hand-drawn on his bandages ( 但手术后，苏珊因另一个原因
哭了起来，在他们刚出生的儿子的背上，伤口上是一个甜蜜的冬天场景，手绘在他的绷带上)和第三段 It was
extremely touching and comforting to know that somebody had taken the time to do that for my family.(知道有人花了时间为我的家人做这件事，我感到非常感动和安慰。)可知手术后, Susan 却因为另一个原因哭了起来,因
为她刚出生的儿子背上的伤口上，是一幅在绷带上手绘的温馨的冬季景象。由此判断出，她被医生的爱心
感动, 故选 A。
41．细节理解题。根据第四段 Robert Parry, who discovered another way to use his hands in the mid 1980 s during
his internship (实习期)at a children medical center, where he saw one of his colleagues cut out heart and shark
shapes to decorate children' s bandages.和第五段 I especially liked the reactions of the parents and the patients
when they saw his artwork. The smiles took everyone' s attention from the surgery. Then I decided to follow suit.可
知，Robert Parry80 年代中期在儿童医学中心实习期间，看到了一位同事剪心和鲨鱼形状装饰孩子的绷带。
他尤其喜欢病人和父母看到他的作品时的反应，因为笑容能把大家的注意力从手术上转移开。然后 Robert
Parry 决定这样做。由此可知 Robert Parry 有装饰儿童绷带的想法是受同事的启发。故选 B。
42．推理判断题。根据第六段 Parry quickly graduated from his early hearts and sharks, and started to surprise
families with drawings that captured young patients' personalities.和 Most kids want superheroes sports team logos
or princesses, while babies often receive scenes with flowers trees and sea creatures.可知 Parry 用绘画捕捉年轻病
人的个性，给家人带来惊喜。大多数孩子想要超级英雄运动队的标志或公主，,而婴儿经常收到鲜花、树木
和海洋生物的场景。由此推知 Parry 在过去 30 年的艺术作品考虑到了个别病人的口味。故选 C。
43．推理判断题。根据第五段 I especially liked the reactions of the parents and the patients when they saw his
artwork. The smiles took everyone's attention from the surgery. Then I decided to follow suit.和第七段" During a
time of stress for families, it's nice to be able to help them smile and laugh, "Parry said. "This is something positive
that I can do for them, which is what I like most about it.可知 Robert Parry 决定这样做，他喜欢病人和父母看到
他的作品时的反应，因为笑容能把大家的注意力从手术上转移开。在家庭面临压力的时候，能够帮助他们
微笑和大笑是很好的。由此判断出，Parry 希望做积极的事情来鼓舞病人和他们的父母。故选 D。
44．推理判断题。根据最后两段中 he's found a new hobby to keep his hands skillful 和 I enjoy giving everything
away.可知 Parry 发现了新的爱好来保持他的手熟练，并把编织的所有东西送人。由此判断出,他喜欢尝试新
方法来帮助别人。故选 B。
题组二
Passage1
【语篇解读】本文属于记叙文，讲述 Thomas Whaley 为了帮助学生学英语以及树立信心专门开展了一
个演讲课程。
24.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段 today is speech day 和本段最后一句 with shining dark eyes, he seems like the
kind of kids who would enjoy public speaking. 以及第二段第一句 But he’s nervous.可知，Chris 眼睛黑亮，似
乎是那种喜欢公共演讲的孩子，但是他却很紧张，故可知 Chris 是因为做演讲紧张，故选 B。
25.A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第二段 “I’m here to tell you today why you should…should…” Chris trips on the
“-ld”, a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. 以及后文 except for some stumbles,
Chris is doing amazingly well 可知, Chris 发 ld 比较困难，这对于英语不是母语的学习者来说都是一个困难，
总体来说 Chris 做得出奇的好。根据前文可知，ld 发音不准，因此有些结巴，停顿得不准，故选 A。
26.A
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段 Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak
in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves.以及最后一段 “boasting about yourself, and
your best qualities,” Whaley says, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling
confident.”可知，这个课程不仅仅教孩子阅读以及公共演讲，还要让孩子学会夸耀自己，而夸耀自己对于
那些进入教室没有信心的学生来说很困难，故可知，Whaley 老师这么做是为了帮助学生认识自己的优势增
加信心，故选 A。
27.C
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段 Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project
when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president.和最后一段
He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves 可知，当他有一天问学生认为自己当不了总统请举手的
时候，想到了一个想法，这个课程就是帮助学生树立自己的信心，故可以看出这位老师很关心学生的成长。
humorous 幽默的， ambitious 有雄心壮志的；caring 关心的；demanding 要求高的。故选 C。
Passage 2
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文中讲述了作者成功说服了一个家长参加志愿者团队，作为一名志
愿者作者发挥了自己的作用，并获得了快乐。
24.C
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的 You can use me as a last resort（选择）, and if nobody else
volunteers，then I will do it.可知，你可以当我是最后的候选人，如果没有其他的志愿者，那么我就做。由此
可推断出，她不想做自愿者。故选 C。
25.B 【解析】词义猜测题。根据划线前句 she may just need a little persuading.和下面的一句话 I mention the single
parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on ...可知，
作者为了劝服这位家长，举了两个例子。故可知，划线句此处应是“煽情”之意。故选 B。
26.D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中这位家长作出的贡献及 the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable
member of the team 可知，她最终成为了志愿者队伍中的重要的一员，也即是说，她成了一个好帮手。故
选 D。
27.B
【解析】细节理解题。题干问作者为什么喜欢做志愿者工作。根据第四最两句 Connecting to the community
（社区）as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so
good.可知，为社区做贡献可以带来真正的快乐， 参加志愿者活动活动能让人感觉快乐。故选 B。
Passage 3
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了 Alice Moore，一个年轻有为的创业者的故事，故事告诉我
们：积极的思考和行动会带来成功。
34.B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的 But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round
the warning, "Why can’t I make a healthy candy that's good for my teeth so that my parents can't say no to it? "及
下文她想方设法最终制作出了叫 CanCandy 的糖果可知，她对父亲的警告的反应是：她试图找到一条出路。
故选 B。
35.A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段的 Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural
sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.可知，因此，这种糖只使用天然甜味剂，可以减少口腔细菌，因此
它对牙齿有利。故选 A。
36.B
【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段的 Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles.可知，
Moor 想用她独特的才能帮助别人找到他们的笑容。故选 B。
37.C
【解析】推理判断题。文章主要讲述了 Moor 的创业故事，她之所以能成功源于面对问题和困难时，她乐观
的看待问题，积极的想方设法去解决问题。因此，通过她的故事让我们懂得积极的思考和行动会带来成功。故选 C。
Passage 4
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。Zachariah Fike 有一个不同寻常的业余爱好：他在网上和古董店里寻找旧
的军队勋章，然后将这些勋章归还它们的合法主人。文章主要叙述了他这一爱好的起源。
21.A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Zac knows the meaning of a Purple Heart—he earned one himself in a war
as a soldier”可知，当 Zac 还是一名士兵的时候，在一次战争中他获得了一枚 Purple Heart。故 A 选项正确。
22.B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“To drive eight hours to come to see me”可以推知，Adeline 为了那
枚 Purple Heart 开车八个小时来见 Zac，由此可知，她对于这件事是认真地。因此，At that point, I knew she
meant business 应该指的是 Zac 意识到 Adeline 对这枚勋章是认真的。故 B 选项正确。
23.D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Corrado, a translator…was killed in action in Europe”和倒数第三段
中的“as I grew older…and missed my brother more and more, I realized that was the only thing we had left ”这
枚勋章寄托了 Adeline 对于去世的哥哥 Corrado 的回忆和思念，这是他们家留下的唯一关于哥哥的东西了。
因此她很珍惜这枚勋章。故 D 选项正确。
题组三
Passage1
【文章大意】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国建筑设计师王澍在其作品中融合中国传统建筑
文化，获得了建筑界的诺贝尔奖——普利策奖，这让中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。
28.B
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段的内容可知，王澍获得 2012 年普利策奖，而普利策奖相当于建筑界
的诺贝尔奖，他是第一个获此奖的中国人，故推知中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。故 B 项正确。
29.C
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段对 CAA 校园的描述可知，它的设计风格独特，与大多数中国大学的
校园很不同，许多游客感对复杂的建筑空间和丰富的建筑类型感到吃惊，故 C 正确。
30.D
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第六段 1995 年普利策奖的获得者 Tadao Ando 的评语可知，王澍设计的成
功之处是把中国传统元素融入现代设计，并保持两者的和谐，故 D 正确。31.D
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段和倒数第三段中 In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been
developing and that are still being created 可知，传统的研究要与实践相结合，在实践中进行再创造，否则就
会是人工的和空的，故 D 正确。
Passage2
【文章大意】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了自己第一次跑马拉松，凭借自己的意志力成功跑完全程的励
志故事。
36.C
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句 Yet, I was determined to go ahead. 可知，马拉松赛前一个月
尽管作者脚踝受伤使得训练时间缩短，但作者仍下定决心参赛。故选 C。
37.C
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段 I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was ＂not athletic＂
可知，作者提到 7 年级的事情是为了证明自己真的没有运动天赋。故选 C。
38.A
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第 10 段 I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a
medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had. 可知，作者坚持到了最后，
而且得到了一块奖牌，虽然不是第一名，由此可见他成功地跑完了马拉松。故选 A。
39.B
【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者在讲述自己跑马拉松的经历，再根据最后一段 Determined to be
myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a ＂marathon winner＂.
可知，作者成功跑完马拉松源于自己的意志。故选 B。
Passage 3
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章作者和朋友原想参观 McNay 博物馆，到了之后参观的时候，发
现很多人奇怪的看着她，最后才发现自己误将一个私人住宅当成 McNay 博物馆。30 年后，一位女士认出误
撞入自己住宅的作者，指出正是因为作者的误撞入才让她意识到自己住的地方有多么美丽。
41.A
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段 When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the
McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay.可知，Marian McNay 是一名水彩画家。故选
A。42.D
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段"May I help you?" a man asked. "No, "I said. "We're fine.” Tour guides got
on my nerves.可知，导游令作者心烦，作者误认为屋子里的男人是位导游。故选 D。
43.A
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第四段 The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on
me with curiosity. What was their problem?（大厅的人看起来都非常爱窥探的，眼睛不停的好奇的看着我。他
们有什么问题？）可以推断出，作者当时感到困惑不解。故选 A。
44.D
【解析】推理判断题。根据全文可知，作者着墨点主要在叙述参观误当成 McNay 博物馆的私人住宅上，故
这才是文章的重心，所以将真正的 McNay 博物馆叙述一带而过。故选 D。
45.C
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived
in.可知，在作者未造访她家之前，这位女士从未意识到自己住的地方多么美丽，从而可以推断出，人们往
往对周围的美而不见。故选 C。
Passage 4
【文章大意】本文是一篇人物传记，主要介绍了 Charles Dickens 在英国小说方面的重要贡献和深远影
响。在他 200 年诞辰之际，让我们永远记住这位对文学艺术做出重大贡献的小说家。
21.C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段对当时情况的描写 nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered
printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（识字）rate in England was under 50%. Many works of
fiction appeared without the names of the authors... Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral,
or just plain bad.印刷技术落后，人们识字率低，作品上没有作者名字，小说被认为是愚蠢的不正常的，毫无
价值可言。故选 C。
22.D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段 Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged.和列举的 Charles Dickens 小说的影响可
知，把他和 Mona Lisa 相比是为了说明 Charles Dickens 在英国小说方面的重要性和 Mona Lisa 在绘画方面的
重要性是一样的，故选 D。
23.A
【解析】写作意图题。根据文中对 Charles Dickens 及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的描写，和文章最后 But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture—to understand
how he made himself a lasting one.可知本文是写于 Charles Dickens 诞辰 200 周
年前夕，由此可知作者写本文是为了纪念这位伟大的作家。故选 A。
题组四
Passage 1
【答案】1．C2．A 3．D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在一次购物中对收银员的友善行为使收银员感到很温暖，
并有感而发∶善良是社会生活的阳光。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段 The other day I was shopping at a local store and came upon a lady from India
squatting （蹲下） on the floor looking for a certain product on the bottom shelf. She sprang up when she saw me
as if to get out of my way.(有一天，我在当地一家商店购物，看到一位印度女士蹲在地板上，寻找底层货架上
的某种产品。她看到我就跳了起来，好像要躲开我似的)可知当那位女士在商店里看到作者时，她的反应是
她站起来想给她让路。故选 C。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“But I tried to understand why they were feeling that way and let it go. The world would
be a better place if we all acted kindly toward each other. Those who are rude may have bad karma coming after them
eventually. I added.(但我试图理解他们为什么会有这种感觉，然后放手。如果我们都对彼此友善，世界会更
美好"粗鲁的人最终可能会有恶报。我补充道)可知作者是善良且善解人意的。A. Kind and understanding 善良
和理解。B. Courageous and warm﹣hearted 勇敢和热心的。C. Responsible and humorous 有责任感和幽默感的。
D. Sympathetic and open﹣minded 富有同情心、思想开放的。故选 A。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段 I also explained to her that I was a retired nurse and understood some of what she was
saying first hand. Sometimes patients, families, or doctors could be very rude or mean. But I tried to understand why
they were feeling that way and let it go. The world would be a better place if we all acted kindly toward each
other.Those who are rude may have bad karma coming after them eventually. I added.(我还向她解释说我是一名退
休护士，能够直接听懂她说的一些话。有时候病人，家人，或者医生可能会很粗鲁或者刻薄。但我试着去
理解他们为什么会有那种感觉,然后就放手了。如果我们都对彼此友善，世界会变得更美好。那些粗鲁的人
最终可能会遭到恶报。我加了一句)可知作者想传达的主要信息是我们应该以我们想被对待的方式对待别人。
故选 D。
Passage 2【答案】1．C2．D3．A4．B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，题材为环保类。作者是空气质量检测专家，通过一位老奶奶给他打电话，想
要一台空气净化器的故事，介绍了美国发生大火，造成空气严重污染的情况。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段的倒数中“ she has heard we have air purifiers (净化器) with high-efficiency
particulate air (HEPA) air-cleaners that can help with smoke. She needs one for the baby’s room”可知，这位老
奶奶打电话给作者是为了要一台空气净化器。故选 C。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段的第一句“She coughed and went silent with disappointment before asking how much
they cost”可知，当作者说他没有空气净化器时老太太很失望，当告诉她如何购买的时候，老太太沉默了一
会儿，然后问多少钱， 后面又提到家里没钱。这说明老太太对作者的答复很失望。故选 D。
3．推理判断题。本段介绍了环境保护局的六类空气质量指数和级别，给文章增加一些背景信息，为了更好
地说明当地情况的严重性。故选 A。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，2017 年全国共烧毁 900 万公顷，相比于年平均的 650 万公顷
多出了 250 万公顷，250÷650≈38%。故选 B。
Passage 3
【答案】1．B2．D3．D4．A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。本文作者的父亲在她九岁时突然去世，作者面对打击，把自己的痛苦隐藏起来，
一直说自己很好，得到了周围大人们的赞扬。但这种伤痛没有消失。作者多年之后才认识到这种隐藏的痛
苦对自己是有伤害的，她认为有痛苦要说出才能不痛苦。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段“I ran to the phone - 9-1-1, the neighbors, anyone - “help us!” Soon rescue came, but
my father didn’t come back to life.”可知， 我跑向电话拨打了 911，邻居们，任何人——“帮帮我们!”很快救援
来了，但是我的父亲并没有活过来。由此判断出，作者在她父亲处于危险中时作者她保持冷静，请求帮助。
故选 B 项。
2．词句猜测题。根据第五段 But pain doesn’t just “go away”痛苦并没有消失。根据 30 years after
my father died, when I looked around for an explanation for all the years of destructive behavior,
I couldn’t find the root of the pain in my life because I had covered it up so well. 当我四处寻找对多
年来破坏性行为的解释时，我找不到我生命中痛苦的根源，因为我把它掩盖得太好了。由此判断出整个“时
间治愈”完全是一个谎言。所以换线词的意思是谎言。故选 D 项。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段 The more I denied my pain, the more I was praised by the adults around me-”Oh, look how strong she is!” So, I kept saying “I’m fine.” Over and over and over. I said it enough - performed it enough - that
I even fooled myself. I believed that I was okay.作者父亲去世后，她一直在隐藏自己的痛苦，一直在说“我很
好”，并且在人们的面前表现的也很好。这得到了一些成年人赞美。可知是作者对这种痛苦打击的表现让人
赞扬。故选 D 项。
4．推理判断题。根据文章可知，隐藏痛苦让作者用 30 多年的时间来治愈这种痛苦。无法找到一生痛苦的
原因是因为自己有意的隐藏。最后一段作者反思说“After years of treatment, I found my way back to that night
where the pain started, back to the tsunami. This time, I didn’t run. It hurt - it still hurts - but now, when it hurts, I let
the pain come. I m not scared to say, “I’m not fine” - because I know, eventually, I will be.”回想发生的不幸，不幸
伤害了我，一直在伤害我。但是现在，当痛苦伤害我时，我会把伤害表现出来。由此可推断出隐藏痛苦是
有害的。故选 A 项。
Passage 4
【答案】1．B2．A3．D4．B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因听到熟悉的歌曲，回忆起多年前自己所带领的球队在比赛前
夕去球场高唱机歌以鼓舞士气的故事。
1．词义猜测题。由第一段“Sometimes while sitting doing nothing, our minds recall events from the past that make
us all tingly inside.”（有时候，坐着无所事事时，我们的大脑会回忆起过去让我们内心充满刺激的事件。），根
据下文内容可知作者回忆起了过去的事情，这让他的内心很激动，由此可推知，此处是指当“我们”回忆过去
时，“我们”的内心很激动，因此，画线词 tingly 应意为“激动的”，与 B 项意思相近。故选 B 项。
2．推理判断题。由第二段中的“He said our football team had climbed the fence of the township football field and
were sitting somewhere around the 50-yard line quietly.”（他说，我们的足球队已经爬上了镇足球场的围栏，静
静地坐在 50 码外的某个地方。），可知队员们在夜里翻越栏 杆进入球场里静坐，（行为）有些反常，由此可
推知，警察打电话是因为球员们做了一些不同寻常的事情。故选 A 项。
3．细节理解题。由第三段倒数第二句“When the team had finished, they walked slowly to the now-opened gate of
the field and were shocked to see us waiting there.”（当队伍结束后，他们慢慢地走到现在已经打开的场地大门，
看到我们在那里等着，他们感到很震惊。），可知队员们看到作者和警察在球场外面时感到很惊讶。故选 D
项。
4．推理判断题。由倒数第二段“Mike Bernert, the team captain, replied, "Well, coach, you told us to visualize our
performance in our mind just before the night of the game. So we came and visualized the upcoming game while
sitting on the 50-yard line. Afterward, we would sing The Impossible Dream.””（队长迈克·伯内特回答说：“教练，你让我们在比赛前把自己的表现形象化。所以，我们坐在 50 码线上，想象着即将到来的比赛。然后，
我们会唱出《不可能的梦》。”）和最后一段“And of course, the team, which was undefeated at this point, never
lost a game that season.”（当然，在这一点上不败的球队，在那个赛季从来没有输过一场比赛。），可知队员们
在赛前唱队歌，比赛时一分未丢，大获全胜，由此可推知，队员们在赛前唱队歌是为了激励自己。故选 B
项。
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