备战2021年高考英语精选考点专项突破题集 专题13 语法填空（议论文）（解析版）

专题 13 语法填空（议论文） 1.（2020·湖南省）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正 确形式。 With the development of modem technology, people can stay 1． (connect) with their families and friends easily, however far apart they are from each other. WeChat is one of the most 2． (frequent) used means of communication in China. It is reported that the number of the WeChat users 3． (reach) over 1.1billion so far. Once joining the WeChat, people can find more and more people start to add them 4． friends. They don’t have to consider time 5． (zone) when communicating. Another reason why ifs so popular is that it costs nothing. It’s also very convenient for people to immediately update 6． they are doing by WeChat. However, addiction to WeChat will rob people of the time that should otherwise 7． (spend) on something more important. And the many so-called friends on it are not really friends at all, who simply want 8． (put) ads or sell items on Moments. Besides, people on the Wechat are more likely to compare 9． (they) with others, which will make them feel bad when finding some people seem to be 10． (success). 【答案】1．connected2．frequently3．has reached4．as5．zones6．what7．be spent8．to put 9．themselves10．(more) successful 【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章介绍了微信给人们带来方便的同时，也存在着一些弊端。 1．考查形容词。句意：随着现代技术的发展，人们可以很容易地与家人和朋友保持联系，不管他们相距多 远。系动词 stay 后，用形容词 connected“有联系的”，stay connected with“与……保持联系”。故填 connected。 2．考查副词。句意：微信是中国最常用的交流方式之一。修饰形容词 used，用副词。故填 frequently。 3．考查时态及主谓一致。句意：据报道，到目前为止，微信的用户数量已经超过 11 亿。so far 做时间状语 时，应使用现在完成时，the number of 做主语时，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填 has reached。 4．考查介词。句意：一旦加入微信，人们可以发现越来越多的人开始添加他们作为朋友。根据句意，此处 使用介词 as 表示“作为”。故填as。 5．考查名词单复数。句意：他们在交流时不需要考虑时区。“时区”是复数意义，前面没有冠词，应用名 词复数形式。故填 zones。 6．考查宾语从句。句意：人们可以很方便地通过微信立即更新他们正在做的事情。____6____ they are doing by WeChat 是一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中做 doing 宾语，表“正在做的事情”，应使用what 引导。故填 what。7．考查语态。句意：然而，沉迷于微信将会剥夺人们原本应该花在更重要事情上的时间。“时间”和“花 费”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，由空前 should 可知，此处 be 动词使用原形。故填 be spent。 8．考查固定短语。句意：而许多所谓的朋友根本不是真正的朋友，他们只是想在朋友圈里放广告或卖东西。 固定短语：want to do sth. “想要做某事”。故填to put。 9．考查反身代词。句意：此外，在微信上的人更有可能自己与他人比较，这将使他们当发现一些人似乎更 成功，感觉难过。文中表示“人们自己与他人比较”，用反身代词。故填themselves。 10．考查形容词。句意：此外，在微信上的人更有可能自己与他人比较，这将使他们当发现一些人似乎更 成功，感觉难过。be 后，用形容词作表语，根据语境此处可以使用形容词原级或比较级。故填(more) successful。 2.（2020·黑龙江校高三开学考试）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号 内单词的正确形式。 Our world has seen 11． increasing number of students pressuring their parents into buying luxuries (奢侈品) just to look good before their peers. Problem is 12． is to blame, parents, students or society? Now, some schools have taken action. To avoid 13． (show) off superiority among wealthy students, Woodchurch High School in northwestern England has recently made an 14． (announce) to refuse quality designer coats, including Canada Goose, often worth hundreds of dollars. Such coats make poor students feel bad since these items lead to inequality. “They feel left out and inadequate,” 15． (say) The Independent in its last issue. The ban has aroused nationwide debate. Some argue that we shouldn’t take away parents’ right to buy anything 16． (value) they like for their kids. However, most parents applaud, believing it decreases their worries on lower incomes. Just as Libby Purves, a UK reporter, put it, how you feel at school largely affects your whole life. Columnist Michelle Singletary wrote on The Washington Post that now comes the 17． (big) chance so far to teach students 18． (understand) clothing in fact measures nothing. Not just this. In May St. Wilfrid’s Primary School banned students 19． using designer pencils in case poor students would feel 20． (look) down upon. 【答案】11．an12．which13．showing14．announcement15．said16．valuable17．biggest18．to understand19．from 20．looked 【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要就某些学校进行的“避免奢侈品牌出现校园”的措施展开了讨论。11．考查冠词。句意：我们的世界已经见证了越来越多的学生给他们的父母施加压力，让他们购买奢侈品 只是为了在同龄人面前看起来更好。分析可知此空应与之后的 number of 构成固定结构：a number of 意为“大 量；许多”，因 number 之前由 increasing 修饰，元音音素开头的单词之前用不定冠词 an。 故填 an。 12．考查表语从句。句意：问题是该怪谁，家长、学生还是社会?现在，一些学校已经采取了行动。分析句 子结构可知，____2____ is to blame, parents, students or society 在系动词之后，为表语从句，从句中缺少主语， 且之后已给出可选对象，故填 which。 13．考查非谓语动词和固定结构。句意：为了避免在有钱的学生中炫耀自己的优越性，英格兰西北部的伍 德彻奇高中最近宣布，拒绝购买名牌外套，包括通常价值数百美元的加拿大鹅牌外套。avoid +V-ing， 意为 “避免做某事”，故填showing。 14．考查名词。句意：为了避免在有钱的学生中炫耀自己的优越性，英格兰西北部的伍德彻奇高中最近宣 布，拒绝购买名牌外套，包括通常价值数百美元的加拿大鹅牌外套。an+可数名词单数，所填空应用名词形 式。故填 announcement。 15．考查时态。句意：《独立报》在上一期中说:“他们觉得自己被忽视了，能力不足。”分析后文 last issue 意为“上一期”，应用一般过去时态。故填said。 16．考查形容词。句意：一些人认为我们不应该剥夺父母为孩子买任何他们喜欢的有价值的东西的权利。 分析可知，所填词应为之前复合不定代词 anything 的后置定语，应用形容词形式。故填 valuable。 17．考查形容词级别。句意：专栏作家 Michelle Singletary 在《华盛顿邮报》上写道，现在是迄今为止教学 生理解服装的最大机会。分析可知短语结构为 the+_____ +名词单数，所填空应为形容词，根据之后有 so far 作为提示，此空应用最高级。故填 biggest。 18．考查动词不定式。句意：专栏作家 Michelle Singletary 在《华盛顿邮报》上写道，现在是迄今为止教学 生理解服装的最大机会。分析可知短语结构为 teach sb to do sth。 意为“教某人做某事”。故填to understand。 19．考查介词和固定结构。句意：5 月，圣威尔弗里德小学禁止学生使用名牌铅笔，以防贫困学生感到被人 看不起。分析可知动词 ban 意为“禁止”，可构成ban sb. from doing 意为“禁止某人做某事”，符合句意。 故填 from。 20．考查非谓语动词。句意：5 月，圣威尔弗里德小学禁止学生使用名牌铅笔，以防贫困学生感到被人看不 起。feel 为系动词，相当于 be，之后可接过去分词，可构成被动语态。look 与主语之间为被动关系，应用 过去分词形式。故填 looked。 3.（2020·山西高三零模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Can you imagine the world full of crying and shouting, 21． (cover) in darkness? However, it’s not just a joke. It’s a real description of a world without happiness and 22． (laugh). If you compare our life 23． a pie, what would you put in if you were in charge of making the pie? 24． (obvious), many people would add as much happiness as possible. Do you know why? It’s 25． happiness stands for sweetness in most people’s minds. Don’t think of it just as a comparison. Happiness is a flower living in the sunshine, and 26． is not difficult to reach for it. We have a variety of 27． (emotion) like sadness, anger, fear, enthusiasm and happiness, and they all appear naturally when something 28． (affect) our feelings. So, if we can change our attitude to things in the world, we can certainly adjust our emotions. It means that we can choose to be happy if we want to, as long as we view everything in 29． positive way. If we can be happy, why not choose to be? Let’s try together to create a world filled with 30． (smile) faces and sunshine. 【答案】21．covered22．laughter23．to24．Obviously25．because26．it27．emotions28．affects29．a 30．smiling 【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了幸福是阳光下的一朵花，想得到它并不难。我们可以选择快乐， 只要我们以积极的方式看待一切。 21．考查非谓语动词。句意：你能想象这个世界充满了哭泣和喊叫，被黑暗笼罩着吗?分析可知，句中谓语 为“can imagine”，因此所填空应作非谓语，与主语之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填covered。 22．考查名词。句意：它真实地描述了一个没有快乐和欢笑的世界。根据空前的并列连词 and 可知，所填 空应与之前“happiness”保持词性一致，名词。故填 laughter。 23．考查介词和固定结构。句意：如果你把我们的生活比作一个馅饼，如果你负责做这个馅饼，你会放些 什么? 结合“If you compare our life ____3____ a pie, what would you put in if you were in charge of making the pie? ”句意可知“将生活比喻成馅饼”，compare sth to sth，固定结构，意为“将某物比喻为某物”。故填to。 24．考查副词。句意：显然，许多人会尽可能多地添加幸福。分析可知，副词位于句首作状语。故填 Obviously。 25．考查表语从句。句意：因为在大多数人的心目中，幸福代表着甜蜜。分析可知，____5____ happiness stands for sweetness in most people’s minds 应是表语从句，从句结构完整，句意完整，结合语境可知本句应是“原 因”，回答前文的why。应用连词 because 引导。故填 because。 26．考查 it 作形式主语。句意：幸福是一朵生活在阳光下的花，并不难得到。分析可知，所填空应是句子 主语的位置，真正的主语为之后的不定式“to reach for it”，因此所填空应是形式主语it。故填 it。 27．考查名词复数。句意：我们有各种各样的情绪，比如悲伤、愤怒、恐惧、热情和快乐，当有东西影响我们的情绪时，这些情绪都会很自然地表现出来。“a variety of”意为“种种；各种各样的……”，之后接 可数名词复数。emotion,名词，意为“感情”，结合后文举例可知应是各种各样的感情或情绪，可用复数形 式。故填 emotions。 28．考查时态。句意：我们有各种各样的情绪，比如悲伤、愤怒、恐惧、热情和快乐，当有东西影响我们 的情绪时，这些情绪都会很自然地表现出来。分析可知，所填空应是 when 引导的条件状语从句谓语动词， 应是一般现在时，主语为 something，应用第三人称单数形式。故填 affects。 29．考查冠词。句意：这意味着如果我们想，我们可以选择快乐，只要我们以一种积极的方式看待每件事。 分析可知，所填空之后由名词 way，意为“方式；方法”，可数名词，因此所填空应用不定冠词作限定词， 表示“以一种积极的方式”。故填a。 30．考查非谓语动词。句意：让我们一起努力创造一个充满笑脸和阳光的世界。分析可知，所填空应是形 容词作定语修饰之后的名词 faces，smile，动词，其形容词为“smiling”，意为“微笑的；欢快的”。故填 smiling。 4.（2020·福建省高三一模）阅读下面短文, 在空上处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确 形式 A CCTV journalist's succeeded in arousing a 31．（heat） discussion among netizens by asking people 32． they are happy. The responses to the question were various, even some quite funny ones33．（include）. Although some people played jokes 34． the answers, it didn't take long before they began to figure out the true meanings of happiness. It is certain that people's views on happiness35．（affect） greatly by their own life experience36．（fortunate）, too many people refer to being rich as happiness. Some people37． intention is to make big money appreciate being given any chance to multiply their income, 38．（believe） that is where their happiness. Some are eager to inherit their parents' property, especially those who are known as silver﹣spoon kids. Even worse, some would rather break the law 39．（satisfy） their financial desire or seek their fortune illegally. In my opinion, happiness is not about pursuing wealth merely but about admiring the40．（beauty） things in life. Therefore live your life to the fullest and be happy. 【答案】31．heated32．if/whether33．included34．on35．are affected36．Unfortunately37．whose38．believing 39．to satisfy40．beautiful 【解析】这是一篇议论文。CCTV 记者做了一份关于什么是幸福的问卷调查, 不同的人给出了不同的看法， 作者也给出了自己的看法。 31．考查形容词。句意：一位中央电视台记者通过问人们是否幸福在网民中激发了热烈的讨论。heated 热烈的，discussion 是名词，用形容词作定语。故填 heated. 32．考查连词。 句意：一位中央电视台记者通过问人们是否幸福在网民中激发了热烈的讨论。ask 后的宾语 从句缺少连词, 根据语境用 if/whether 引导宾语从句, 意为“是否”。 故填 if/whether。 33．考查过去分词。 句意：对这个问题的回答五花八门, 甚至包括一些相当有趣的回答。ones 和 include 之 间是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。 故填 included。 34．考查固定搭配。句意：尽管有些人对答案开玩笑。play jokes on 开……的玩笑, 是固定搭配。故填 on。 35．考查动词语态和时态。 句意：毋庸置疑, 人们对于幸福的看法很大程度上受他们的生活经验所影响。 people's views 和 affect 之间是被动关系, 且表示一般事实, 要用一般现在时的被动语态。故填 are affected。 36．考查副词。 句意：不幸的是, 太多的人认为富有就是幸福。修饰句子要用副词。故填 Unfortunately。 37．考查定语从句。 句意：有些目的是赚大钱人很感激给他们收入倍增的任何机会. 先行词 people 在定语 从句中作定语，用关系代词 whose。 故填 whose。 38．考查现在分词。 句意：相信那是他们幸福的所在。 people 与 believe 之间是主谓关系, 用现在分词作状 语。故填 believing。 39．考查动词不定式。 句意：有些人宁愿触犯法律来满足他们的经济欲望或非法地寻找他们的财富。此处 动词不定式表示目的, 作目的状语。故填 to satisfy。 40．考查形容词。 句意：幸福不仅仅是追求财富, 而是欣赏生活中美丽的东西。 things 是名词, 要用形容词 修饰作定语。故填 beautiful。 5.（2020·四川高三一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填人 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For some in China, the aim of travel is to create 15-second videos. It's not about where you've been, but about where you're seen to have been. Situated on cliffs above a river. Hongyadong is a stilt-house complex in 41． city of Chongqing. The bars, restaurants and golden neon lights 42． (be) a popular draw since it was built in 2006. Last year the number of visitors increased 43． (sharp). The main reason, it see med, was Hongyadong's sudden popularity on a social-media app. Douyin, 44． aim is not to produce a well-crafted video or beautiful photograph, but simply 45．(show) that you have also been to the popular places. The beauty of the 46． (attract) is less important than the fact that people are flocking there to daka. A subculture has developed of young people who embrace daka as a lifestyle. So-called Daka Zu—— “daka tribes"——can 47． (find) roaming various scenic spots, 48． (check) in at as many hot local ions as possible within a single day. The daka craze may have 49． (practice) origins. China's young urban professionals don't have so much free lime. Sometimes. they reed to work overtime. So they have to make the most of their 50．(limit) leisure time. Douyin captures the mood with it's slogan： "Make every second count." 【答案】41．the42．have been43．sharply44．whose45．to show46．attraction47．be found48．checking 49．practical50．limited 【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了中国年轻人中很流行的“打卡式”旅游，并由浅入深地分析了这种 现象出现的原因。 41．考查冠词。句意：洪崖洞是一处位于重庆市的吊脚楼群。the city of 为固定短语，意为“……市/城”， 其前要用定冠词 the。故填 the。 42．考查时态。句意：自 2006 年兴建以来，酒吧、饭店和金色的霓虹灯光成了极受欢迎的特色。分析句子 可知，有 since 引导的时间从句，要用现在完成时。故填 have been。 43．考查副词。句意：去年游客数量激增。分析句子可知，sharp 在这里修饰谓语动词 increased，要用副词 形式。故填 sharply。 44．考查定语从句。句意：抖音，其目标并非产出制作精良的视频或者好看的照片。分析句子结构可知， 空白处前后句结构完整，考虑定语从句，Douyin 是先行词，aim 与 Douyin 之间有从属关系，要用 whose 作 定语。故填 whose。 45．考查非谓语动词。句意：而仅仅是展示出你也去过那些热门的地方。分析句子结构可知，这里与前句 不定式 to produce 并列，也要用动词不定式。故填 to show。 46．考查名词。句意：人们蜂拥而至去打卡比旅游胜地的美景重要多了。分析句子可知，空白处置于定冠 词 the 之后，要用名词，表达“吸引人的地方”。故填attraction。 47．考查被动语态。句意：所谓的打卡族——“打卡群体”——在许多景点都能被看到。分析句子可知， 打卡的人们是在景区被找到、被看见的，即主语 Daka Zu 与 find 之间是被动关系，要用被动语态。故填 be found。 48．考查非谓语动词。句意：一天里在尽可能多的热门景点留下自己的身影。分析句子结构可知，check in 在这里作前句的状语，check 与主语 Daka Zu 之间是主动关系，要用现在分词形式。故填 checking。 49．考查形容词。句意：打卡热可能有着更实际的起源。分析句子结构可知，空白处与 origins 一起组成宾 语，需要形容词来修饰。故填 practical。 50．考查形容词。句意：所以他们必须尽可能利用有限的空闲时间。分析句子可知，空白处修饰 leisure time，考虑形容词，结合语境可知这里要表示“时间有限”。故填limited。 6.(2019·黑龙江高三第二次调研) Adversity (逆境) can beat you down, __1__ probably it also has the ability to make you stronger． The impact and ultimate result depend on __2__ you do with the difficulties that come in your way． Beethoven composed one of his __3__ (great) works after going deaf． Sir Walter Raleigh wrote The History of the World during his thirteen­year imprisonment． Had Columbus turned back, no one could __4__ (blame) him． Of course, no one would have remembered __5__， either． Abraham Lincoln made great achievements by his display of wisdom during the Civil War． Eventually, consider a more recent example． For sixteen years, Mary Groda­Lewis had a difficult time in recognizing and comprehending the written words on account of a learning disorder． She __6__ (put) in prison on two different occasions and almost died of a stroke when __7__ (bear) a child． Committed to going to college, she did a variety of odd jobs to save money． When she graduated from high school at eighteen, she was considered as an outstanding student and finally entered college __8__ (success)． Determined to become a doctor, she received many medical school __9__ (reject) before Albany Medical College finally accepted her． In 1984，Dr Mary Groda­Lewis, __10__ was thirty­five years old then, graduated with honors and realized her dream． 【答案】1．but/yet　 2．what　 3．greatest　 4．have blamed　 5．him　 6．was put　 7．bearing　 8．successfully　 9．rejections10．who 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章作者通过列举许多名人的例子来说明，逆境可能会打到你，但是也 可能会让你变得更强，这取决于你如何面对困难。 1．but/yet　考查连词。句意：逆境可能会打倒你，但是也可能会让你变得更强。前后句表示转折关系， 所以填 but/yet。 2．what　考查宾语从句的连接词。“__2__ you do with the difficulties that come in your way”作动词短语 depend on 的宾语，设空处引导该宾语从句且在从句中作 do 的宾语，表示“所……的事情”，所以填 what。 3．greatest　考查形容词的最高级。句意：贝多芬在耳朵失聪以后，创作了他最伟大的作品之一。文中 表示“最伟大的”，应用最高级，所以填 greatest。 4．have blamed　考查虚拟语气。句意：如果哥伦布中途返回，没有人会责备他。与过去事实相反的假 设，其句子结构为：从句：If＋主语＋had done＋其他，主句：主语＋should/would/could/might＋have done＋其 他，所以填 have blamed。 5．him　考查代词。句意：当然，也没有人会记得他。该空指代上文的“哥伦布”，作动词宾语应用宾 格，所以填 him。 6．was put　考查动词的时态和语态。发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；“She”和“put in prison”两者之 间是被动关系，应用被动语态，所以填 was put。 7．bearing　考查非谓语动词。 此处 bear 的逻辑主语是 she，两者之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作 时间状语，所以填 bearing。 8．successfully　考查词性转换。该空修饰动词 entered，应用副词，所以填 successfully。 9．rejections　考查词性转换。句意：在奥尔巴尼医学院最终接受她之前，她被许多医学院拒绝。该空 作 received 的宾语，用名词，且被 many 修饰，应用可数名词的复数形式，所以填 rejections。10．who　考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。“__10__ was thirty­five years old then”是一个非限制性定语 从句，先行词是“Dr Mary Groda­Lewis”，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，所以填 who。 7.【广东省惠州市 2019-2020 学年高三上学期第一次调研】 Today, Mount Qomolangma’s peak is not a lonely place any more. Over 3500 people have___41___ (successful) climbed the mountain over the past years. Meanwhile, climbers have complained about___42___(wait) for hours in the bottlenecks. In fact, the dangerous___43___(crowd) aren't the only problem. All those climbers need ___44___(bring) a lot of gear (装置) and much of them ends up being left on the mountains. becoming the world's___45___ (tall) rubbish dump. But the good news is___46___ some mountaineers are overtaking it to clean up Qomolangma. Mountaineers Paul and Eberhard are part of Eco Everest Expedition which has been cleaning up rubbish since 2008.So far they___47___(collect)over 13 tons of garbage. Some of that rubbish is even being used for___48___ higher purpose. As part of the Mount Everest 8844 Art Project. a group of 15 artists Nepal collected 1.5 tons of garbage. They’ve changed the cans and oxygen tanks into74 piece of art that have are exhibited___49___Nepal’s capital. Part of the profit from sales_____50_____ (be) available for the Everest Pakeers Association which has helped ole rubbish of the mountain. 【答案】41. successfully 42. waiting 43. crowds 44. to bring 45. tallest 46. that 47. have collected 48. a 49. in 50. is 【解析】这是一篇议论文。有很多人成功登顶珠峰的同时，他们遗留的垃圾也造成了环境问题。幸好有环 保登山者，他们致力于清理珠峰，并做出了巨大成绩。收集的垃圾被制成艺术品陈列在尼泊尔首都，目的 是提醒人们环保登峰。 41.考查副词。句意：在过去的几年里已经有超过 3500 人成功登顶珠穆朗玛峰。climbed 为动词，应用副词 修饰。故填 successfully。 42.考查动名词作宾语。句意：与此同时，登山者们抱怨在瓶颈路段等候时间很长。句中 about 是介词，其 后接动名词形式作宾语。故填 waiting。 43.考查主谓一致。句意：事实上，这些危险的人群不是唯一的问题。分析句子结构可知，提示词作为句子 主语，谓语动词是 are，所以主语用复数形式。故填 crowds。 44.考查固定短语。句意：所有的登山人员都需要带很多的装备，这些装备中有很多最终都被留在了珠峰上， 成为世界上最高的垃圾场。根据固定搭配 need to do sth（需要做某事）可知，此处应该用不定式形式。故填 to bring。45.考查形容词最高级。句意：所有的登山人员都需要带很多的装备，这些装备中有很多最终都被留在了珠 峰上，成为世界上最高的垃圾场。句中的“rubbish dump”是名词词组，所以用形容词修饰，再根据句意此处 为“世界最高的垃圾场”，故用形容词最高级。故填 tallest。 46.考查表语从句。句意：但好消息是一些登山者现在正在从事清扫珠穆朗玛峰的工作。分析句子机构可知， 此处是表语从句，从句 some mountaineers are overtaking it to clean up Qomolangma 的句子成分和句意都是完 整的，所以用连接词 that。故填 that。 47.考查时态。句意：到目前为止，他们已经收集了超过 13 吨垃圾。句中 so far(到目前为止)是现在完成时的 标志词，主语是 they，故用 have done。故填 have collected。 48.考查冠词。句意：那些垃圾中的一部分甚至有一个更高的使用目的。句中 purpose 是可数名词，根据句意 此处不是特指，故用不定冠词。故填 a。 49.考查介词。句意：他们已经把易拉罐和氧气瓶变成了 74 件艺术品，这些艺术品已在尼泊尔的首都展出。 根据句意可知，此处应为“在尼泊尔的首都”，所以使用介词 in。故填 in。 50.考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，be 动词对应的主语是 profit（利益，利润），它是不可数名词，根据 全文判断时态为一般现在时。故填 is。 8.More and more middle school students are going to all kinds of training classes or __1__ (have) family teachers at weekends． There are two different viewpoints __2__ it． Some think__3__ necessary. First of all, it's __4__ (effective) to study with a teacher than by themselves．Secondly, it can strengthen __5__ they have learned in class．Besides, they can learn a lot more．Others think it __6__ (necessary)．For one thing, students can easily form the habit of dependence．For __7__，students need time to relax from time to time．What's more, the purpose of many training classes and family teachers__8__ (be) to make money． In my opinion, whether a training class or family teacher __9__(need) just depends． Be sure to choose a good and __10__ (suit) class or teacher, or it would be a waste of time and money． 【答案】1．having　2．on　 3．it　 4．more effective　 5．what　 6．unnecessary　 7．another　 8．is　 9．is needed　10．suitable 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。如今越来越多的中学生开始参加各种各样的培训班或者请家教。人们对 此持有不同的观点。 1．having　考查并列结构的省略。句意：越来越多的中学生开始在周末参加各种各样的辅导班或者请 家教。分析句子结构可知，or 连接两个相同的成分：are going 与 are having。为了避免重复，省去第二个并 列成分中的助动词 are，故填 having。 2．on　考查介词。句意：人们对此有两种不同的意见。根据句意可知，填介词 on，意为“关于”。 3．it　考查代词。句意：一些人认为这是有必要的。根据句意可知，设空处指代上文提到的上辅导班或者请家教这件事。故填代词 it。 4．more effective　考查形容词的比较级。句意：首先，有老师辅导比自学效率更高。根据下文中的提 示词 than 可知，此处应用比较级。effective 是多音节形容词，故填 more effective。 5．what　考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：其次，这样可以巩固他们在课堂上所学的内容。分析句子结 构可知，设空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语，且意为“……的事物(东西)”。故填 what。 6．unnecessary　考查词形转换。句意：另外一些人认为这没有必要。此处表述第二种观点，即相反的 观点，故此处应该为否定意义。故填 necessary 的反义词 unnecessary，意为“没必要的”。 7．another　考查固定搭配。句意：一方面，学生容易养成依赖的习惯；另一方面，学生们偶尔也需要 时间放松。for one thing ．．．, for another ．．． 为固定搭配，意为“一方面……，另一方面……”。故填 another。 8．is　考查主谓一致。句意：况且，许多辅导班和家教的目的就是为了赚钱。分析句子结构可知，句 子的主语是 the purpose，为第三人称单数。故填 is。 9．is needed　考查动词的时态和语态。句意：依我看，是否需要上辅导班或者请家教要视情况而定。 本句主语是 whether 引导的主语从句，从句中的主语 a training class or family teacher 与动词 need 之间存在被 动关系，主语为单数，且此处描述作者的观点，应用一般现在时。故填 is needed。 10．suitable　考查词性转换。句意：一定要选一个好的、合适的辅导班或者老师，要不然就是浪费时 间和金钱。修饰名词应用形容词 suitable。 9.Over the years I have been teaching kids about a simple but powerful concept—the ant philosophy (哲学), an __1__ (amaze) four­part philosophy． First, ants never quit． If they are heading somewhere and you try to stop them, they will climb over． They will climb under or climb around． They never quit __2__ (look) for a way to get where they __3__ (suppose) to go! Second, ants think about winter and summer． They are always gathering their winter food in the middle of summer and they are making __4__ (prepare) for the long cold winter． So you have to think about storms in summer and think about rocks __5__ you enjoy the sand and sun ． Third, ants think about summer all winter． During the winter, they remind __6__ (they), “This won't last long and we will soon be out of here． ” On __7__ first warm day, the ants are out． If it __8__ (turn) cold again, they will dive back down． But they come out again if it is warm． Last, how much will an ant gather during the summer to prepare for the winter? All that it __9__ (possible) can． __10__ you can learn from the ant philosophy is: Never give up , look ahead, stay positive and do all you can! 【答案】1．amazing　 2．looking　3．are supposed　4．preparations　 5．when/as　 6．themselves　 7．the　 8．turns　 9．possibly　 10．What 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了四种蚂蚁哲学。我们人类也应该向它们学习。 1．amazing　考查非谓语动词。此处修饰物，用 amazing。 2．looking　考查动名词。quit doing sth．“停止做某事”。 故填 looking。3．are supposed　考查固定短语。be supposed to do sth．“应该做某事” ，故填 are supposed。 4．preparations　考查词性转换。根据句意用 prepare 的名词形式 preparations，即固定短语 make preparations for。 5．when/as　考查状语从句的连接词。表示时间，用连词 when 或 as 都可以。 6．themselves　考查代词。根据句意“他们提醒他们自己”，用反身代词 themselves。 7．the　考查冠词。表示顺序时序数词前用定冠词 the。 8．turns　考查动词的时态。主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来，故用 turns。 9．possibly　考查词性转换。修饰动词，故用副词 possibly。 10．What　考查名词性从句的连接词。“________ you can learn from the ant philosophy”是主语从句，从 句中缺宾语，意为“……的事物(东西)”，故用 What 引导名词性从句。 10.Many students may feel __1__ (stress) because of their parents． Most parents have good intentions, __2__ some of them aren't very helpful with the problems their sons and daughters have in __3__ (adjust) to college, and a few of them seem to go out of their way to add to their children's __4__ (difficulty)． For one thing, parents are often not aware of the kinds of problems their children face． They don't realize that the __5__ (compete) is stronger, that the required standards of work are __6__ (high), and that their children may not be prepared for __7__ change． They may be upset by their children's poor grades． At their kindest, they may __8__ (gentle) ask why John or Mary isn't doing better, whether he or she is trying as hard as he or she should, and so on． At their worst, they may threaten __9__ (take) their children out of college or cut off living expenses． Sometimes parents think it right and natural that they determine __10__ their children do with their lives．They forget that everyone is different and that each person must develop in his or her own way． 【答案】1．stressed　 2．but/yet　 3．adjusting　 4．difficulties　 5．competition　 6．higher　 7．the　 8．gently　 9．to take　10．what 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。孩子上大学后，难以适应更激烈的竞争和更高的学习要求，出现了各种问题。 然后，有的父母不能正确认识孩子问题产生的原因，只是采用威胁等错误的方法来应对，这让孩子压力更 大，面临的困难更多。 1．stressed　考查词性转换。句意：许多学生或许因为他们的父母而感到焦虑不安。名词 stress 有两个 派生形容词：stressed 意为“焦虑不安的，无法放松的”；stressful 意为“充满压力的，紧张的”。此处是形容人 的心理状态，故填 stressed。 2．but/yet　考查连词。此处表示大多数父母意图良好，但有些父母对他们的儿女在适应大学生活上遇 到的问题没有多大帮助。由空格前的 good 和空格后的 aren't very helpful 可知，上下文之间为转折关系，故 填 but/yet。 3．adjusting　考查非谓语动词。此处使用了 have problems in doing sth．这一结构，意为“做某事有困 难”。其中“their sons and daughters ．．． to college”是定语从句，修饰先行词 the problems; 关系代词 that/which作 have 的宾语，代替 problems，但已被省略。动名词短语作介词 in 的宾语，故填 adjusting。 4．difficulties　考查名词。此处表示一些父母似乎费尽心思增加孩子们的困难。名词所有格中的名词为 复数形式，此处需要接名词复数形式，意为“困难的事”，故填 difficulties。 5．competition　考查词性转换。此处表示他们没有意识到竞争更激烈了。由前面的定冠词可知，此处 应填名词，compete 的名词形式为 competition。 6．higher　考查形容词的比较级。此处表示要求的工作标准更高了。由上文的 stronger 可知，此处也用 比较级。 7．the　考查冠词。此处表示他们的孩子或许还没有为这种改变做好准备。此处要用 the 来特指上文提 到的变化。 8．gently　考查词性转换。此处表示“他们会温和地问为什么约翰或玛丽没有表现更好”。动词 ask 需要 用副词来修饰。 9．to take　考查固定搭配。句意：最糟糕的是，他们会威胁孩子们不让他们上大学或不再给他们提供 生活费用。threaten to do sth．意为“威胁要做某事”，为固定短语。 10．what　考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：有时父母认为由他们来决定孩子的生活方式是正确且正常 的事。谓语动词 determine 后的宾语从句中 do 缺少宾语，意为“……的事情(东西)”，故填 what。what sb． do with sth． 为常用句式结构，意为“某人如何处理某事”。