专题 14 阅读填空（说明文）
1.阅读填空【2020·全国新课标 I】
A Few Tips for Self-Acceptance
We all want it to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach.
36． Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.
●37． Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you
hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your
own;you are the only you in this world.
●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes
and our failures. 38． You will make mistakes, time and time again. Rather than getting caught up in how you could
have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response? ＂That didn’t go as planned. But, I
tried my best.＂
●Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength
before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you
got out of bed today. 39．
●Now that you’ve listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words
why you feel unworthy, why you don’t feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself. 40． Turn to a
page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are?
A．Feeling upset again?
B．Where do you start?
C．Nothing is too small to celebrate.
D．Remember, you are only human.
E.Set an intention for self-acceptance.
F.Stop comparing yourself with others.
G.When does the comparison game start?
【答案】36．B37．F38．D39．C40．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个自我接纳的小技巧。
36．根据题目 A Few Tips for Self-acceptance 及下文的 Here's a handful of ways that will set you in the right
direction.(这有很多可以帮你找到正确方向的方法。)可知，选项 B. Where do you start? (从哪里开始那？)最合下文语境，故选 B 项。
37．根据下文 Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs?
Know that your life is your own; you are the only one in this world.(你是否希望最终你会因为自己的生活比他们
的好而感到有力量？要知道，你的生活是你自己的；你在这个世界上是独一无二的。)可知，本段主要讲述
不要把自己和别人作比较，因为生活是我们自己的，我们也是世界上独一无二的。故 F. Stop comparing
yourself with others.(停止把自己和别人进行比较。)可以作为本段中心句，故选 F 项。
38．根据本文的中心句 Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. (原谅自己所犯的错误。)及下文的 You
will make mistakes, time and time again. (你会一次又一次地犯错误。)可知，选项 D. Remember, you are only
human.(记住，你只是个人。)与上下文衔接最好，故选 D 项。
39．根据上文 List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got
out of bed today.(列出你所有的成就。你有了一份工作，拿到了学位，今天就起床了。)可知，选项 C. Nothing
is too small to celebrate.(没有什么事是太小而不值得庆祝。)与上文衔接最好，故选 C 项。
40．结合上文 Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don't feel good enough. Now, read these words back
to yourself.(用语言来解释为什么你觉得自己不值得，为什么你觉得自己不够好。现在，自己读一下这些
话。)和下文的 Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are?
(翻到你日记本上记下你的有点和成就的那页。看到你有多棒了吗？)可知，选项 A. Feeling upset again?(再次
感觉心烦意乱了吗？)最合上下文语境，故选 A 项。
2.阅读填空【2020·全国新课标 II】
Emoji(表情符号) and Workplace Communication
In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and
play. 36．. It’s been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.
Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping
intention clear. 37．, encouraging better and more frequent communication.
In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in
communication style can be a challenge. 38．. While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for
those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线). The good news is
that it’s simple to learn and can be worth the effort.
There is also the matter of tone(语气). Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day?
39．. Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging
smile.40．, and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And when your employees begin adding
smiling emojis to their business communication, you’ll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.
A．Message with emojis feel more conversational
B．Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly
C．Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange
D．The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally
E.Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly
F.Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace
G.An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform
【答案】36．D37．A38．G39．B40．F
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了表情符号以及在工作交流所带来的优势。
36．根据前句“In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at
work and play.(在亚洲，即时通讯平台正在迅速发展，无论是工作还是娱乐，都有数亿用户)”和后句“It's been
reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.(据报道，在一些西方国
家，76%的员工在工作中使用表情符号)”可知，前后句都说明了即时通讯平台受欢迎程度。所以选择项 D. The
popularity of these platforms is spreading globally. (这些平台的受欢迎程度正在全球蔓延)符合题意。故选 D。
37．根据前句“Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear.(使用表情符号可以增加幽默和感
情，保持明确的意图)”和后半句“encouraging better and more frequent communication.(鼓励更好更频繁的交流)”
可知，这里陈述使用表情符号的优点。所以选择项 A. Messages with Emojis feel more conversational. (使用表
情符号的信息让人感觉更健谈)符合题意。故选 A。
38．根据前句“In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground
in communication can be a challenge. (在任何一间办公室，员工的年龄从 22 岁到 70 岁甚至更大，在交流中找
到共同点可能是一项挑战)” 中关键词句“employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond,”与选择项中“all
work generations”是一致的。故选 G。
39．根据前句“ Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day? (谁没有收到过毁掉了一整
天的邮件呢？)”和后文介绍表情的优点，可知，这里陈述电子邮件的缺点。所以选择项 B. Even a formal email
can seem cold and unfriendly. (即使是一封正式的电子邮件也会显得冷淡和不友好)故选 B。
40．根据后句“and Emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. (并且表情符号可以直接促成这种积极
的结果)”可知，这里陈述表情符号能给工作场所带来的好处。所以选择项 F. Studies show that friendlier
communication leads to a happier workplace. (研究表明，更友好的沟通会带来更快乐的工作场所)故选 F。3.【2020·全国新课标 III】阅读填空
A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or
house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the panty. The party is a chance for
friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. 36 And it is good time to fill the new space
with love and hopefully presents.
37 Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local or store or
stores. Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like
curtains. Even if there isn’t a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like
a piece of art or a plant.
38 This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served. There are usually
no planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably
give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a
person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. 39
Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood
to a new home as a gift. 40 Now most homes have central heating and don’t use fires to keep warm.
A. This isn’t usual though.
B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D. If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.
G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.
【答案】36.E37.B38.C39.A40.G
【文章大意】本文是说明文，介绍了乔迁聚会的目的，礼物的选取，活动安排和名称的由来。
36.上句 The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.(这个聚
会是朋友和家人祝贺新家的机会)。介绍庆祝乔迁之喜的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新家的人的一次机会，下句
And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.(现在是时候用爱和希望的礼
物来填补新家了)。介绍这也是给新家装满爱和希望礼物的好时机。E 项：它也给了人们一次看看新家什么
样的机会。与上下句并列，都是庆祝乔迁之喜聚会的目的，故选 E。
37.下文 Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains.和 like a piece of art or a plant. 列举了参加聚会所带礼物的清单，可以是厨房工具、窗帘、艺
术品或绿植。这些都和参加聚会带礼物有关，B 项：带礼物去参加乔迁派对是一种传统，概括了本段内容，
引出下文，故选 B。
38.本段介绍了聚会的活动安排，根据后文 This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn' t a lot
of food served.(这一点通常是值得赞赏的，因为在乔迁派对上不会提供很多食物)。指出因为新搬家，所以
主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。那么本句是在建议你可以带上自己的食物或饮料与其他客人分
享搬家，所以主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。C 项：你也可以带上食物或饮料与其他客人分享。
故选 C。
39.本段提到在乔迁聚会上人们会聚餐，主人带领客人参观新家。上句提到，由于乔迁聚会是在搬进新家后
不久举行的，人们可能会被要求帮助打开箱子。根据常识可知在乔迁聚会上让客人们帮忙干活是不常见的，
A 项：但这并不常见。表达了此意，与上文衔接，故选 A。
40.上句介绍了乔迁聚会名称的由来，根据 bring firewood to a new home as a gift.可知人们会带柴火作为礼物，
那么本空承接上文说明了带柴火的目的和作用。G 项：这样人们就可以在冬天的时候保持家里温暖。符合
语境。故选 G。
4.【2020·全国新高考 I 山东卷】阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中
有两项为多余选项。
Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking. 16 Do you want to be a good public
speaker? Here are some principles you must master.
People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often, when you stand up to
give a speech, you focus on the “public” at the expense of the “speaking.” 17 Focus on the speaking. Talk
directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.
Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is
the one who is speaking. People's attention wanders constantly. In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent
of a speaker's message. So, don't stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it's a truly serious one. 18
Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker. 19 And like everything else in life, that takes practice.
Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.
20 It's rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer.” On the other hand, you
probably can't count the times that you've thought, “I'm glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever!” So
surprise your audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. It's better to leave your
listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end. A. Do the opposite.
B. You want to be an effective public speaker.
C. You don't need to apologize for a minor slip.
D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.
E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience.
F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners.
G However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
【答案】16.G 17.A18.C 19.B 20.D
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了成为好的演讲者需要掌握的一些原则。
16.G 本文主题是介绍成为好的演讲者要掌握的一些原则。上句提到有些人生来就有演讲的天赋。G 项：然
而，大多数人之所以能成为有影响的演讲者，是因为他们受过训练。与上句转折，引出本文主题——演讲
者要训练。故选 G。
17.A 下句 Focus on the speaking.是本段主题，建议演讲者把注意力集中在演讲上。上句提到一种常见现象，
当站起来发表演讲时，演讲者往往会把注意力放在“公众”上，而不是“演讲”上。这是错误的做法，A 项
Do the opposite.说明了上句做法的错误，引出了下句正确的做法。承上启下，故选 A。
18.C 本段提到即使成功的演讲者也会犯错误，观众不会太在意你的错误。上句建议当出错时不要停止演讲，
除非是非常严重的错误。C 项：你不需要为一个小失误道歉。与上句承接，是对待演讲出错的方法。故选
C。
19.B 本段是说明练习的重要性。上句提到你的目标不是成为一个完美的演说家，下句应该说明目标是什么。
B. You want to be an effective public speaker.与上句衔接，是我们演讲的真正目的。故选 B。
20.D 下文提到观众并不是认为演讲越长越好，根据 Always make your presentation just a
bit shorter than anticipated. 可知作者建议让演讲比预期的短一点，给观众更多的期待胜过让他们坐立不安地
等待演讲结束。D 项：公开演讲时，通常少就是多。说明了演讲时多和少的辩证关系。故选 D。
5. 【2019·全国 I】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余
选项。
Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?
We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” ____36____ According to recent
studies，the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area is good.
___37___ If the air you’re breathing is clean-which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities-then
the air is filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain.
Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈).
_____38_____ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking
at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood(情绪).Greenery
is good for us. Hospital patients Who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than
patients who see buildings or sky instead. ______39______ It gives us a great feeling of peace.
___40___While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give is beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure
you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin— put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes
sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of
Vitamin D.
A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B. So what are you waiting for?
C. Being in nature refreshes us.
D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?
F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.
G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
【答案】36. E 37. A 38. G 39. C 40. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新鲜空气的好处。新鲜空气中的氧气，阳光对人们的身心健康均
有好处。人们已经开始利用大自然和治愈疾病的关系，建造“康复花园”，治疗病人。
36. E 根据下一句中“the answer is a big YES”可知，该空应该是一个一般疑问句，选项中只有 E 选项是一般
疑问句。空前的 people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air”和选项中的“your mother always said”呼应。
37. A 该空格为主题句。根据空格后下一句“ If the air you’re breathing is clean-which it would be if you’re away
from the smog of ...”以及本段内容可知，本部分主要讲述新鲜空气可以清洗我们的肺部，A 项符合题意。
38. G 根据下一句中提到的“these places”可以推知，该空应该提到表示地点的复数名词。选项中只有 G 选项
提到“康复花园”这一类地点名词，these places 就是指 Healing Gardens。
39. C 前文介绍的是“康复花园”中的绿色植物对于病人康复的好的作用空后提到“它给我们一种平和感”。该
空起承上启下的作用，仍然要提到处于“康复花园”这种自然环境中的好处，空后的 it 也要指代这种情况。C
选项指出身处大自然可以使人精神焕发符合题意。
40. D 由下文中提到的“the sun’s rays…give us beneficial Vitamin D”可知，该段介绍的阳光的好处。故该选项应该提到阳光。D 选项指出获得新鲜空气的另一个好处是阳光符合题意。
6.【2019·全国 III】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余
选项。
In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. ___36___
While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be
able to extend the logic(逻辑)of each to their particular circumstance.
Do's
• ___37___ Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course
design, read the syllabus(教学大纲)and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn't hiding
in plain sight.
• Participate in discussion forums(论坛), blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. ___38___ Be sure
to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.
Don'ts
• Don't share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your
best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. ___39___
• Don't openly express annoyance at a professor or class. ___40___ When a student attacks a professor on the
social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professor's
professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.
A. That's what they are for.
B. Turn to an online instructor for help.
C. If more information is needed, they will ask.
D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.
E. Below are some common do's and don' ts for online learners.
F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.
G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.
【答案】36. E 37. G 38. A 39. C 40. F
【解析】
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。作为学生该如何与网络课程的教授进行相处呢？文中就此提出了该做和
不该做的建议。36. E 在后句中作者提到“只是列举了其中两个，还有很多会出现的类似情况”，而文章内容则主要是介绍了
对于网上学习者一些常见的要做的和不能做的事情，由此推断空格处内容和此有关，是引出文章主题的句
子。故判断 E 选项符合语境。
37.G 本段主要介绍了如何提问，提问什么样的问题。而空格处于段落小标题的位置，由此推断内容应该能
概括本段中心，而且内容和 question 有关。故判断选 G。
38. A 文章开头提出要和培养和教授健康良好的沟通交流模式，所以参与论坛讨论，博客等进行对话就是这
些活动的目的所在。由此推断 A 选项可以承接上文，是对前句的进一步解释。
39. C 该部分谈到了和教授沟通时不应该做的事情。本段谈到不要去和教授们分享你的个人信息和故事，最
后进行总结，如果（他们）需要更多的信息，他们就会问的，C 项符合题意。
40. F 该部分谈到不要在教授的课上公开表达你的不满。紧接着文中文中空格处可以提出，每个人都会有那
么一两次不怎么愉快的上课经历，再结合下文可知告诫学生不要和老师们产生冲突。故 F 项符合题意。
7. 【2019·北京】根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多
余选项。
Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished(完成)in teams. Most people believe the best way to build
a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals._____46_____Companies spend millions hiring
top business people. Is their money well spent？
___47___They focused on football，basketball and baseball. The results are mixed For football and basketball，
adding talented players to a team proves a good method，but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top
talent；above that level, the team’s performance begins to decline. Interestingly，this trend isn’t evident in
baseball. where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance.
To explain this phenomenon，the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team
requires its members to coordinate(协调)their actions.______48______In baseball，the performance of individual
players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high，team performance
will suffer when there is too much talent，while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance
when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is. for example，trying to gain a high personal point total，he
may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate，affecting the team's performance.
Young children learning to play team sports are often told，“There is no I in TEAM.”___49___
Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team，some players may make less effort. Just as in
a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛)，whenever a person is added，everyone else pulls the rope with less force.
___50___.An A-team may require a balance-not just A players，but a few generous B players as well.A. It's not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.
B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent
C. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers' attention.
D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.
E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.
F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.
G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
【答案】46. B 47. E 48. G 49. D 50. F
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“如何构建团队”。
46. B 根据前文可知，大多数人认为建立一个伟大团队的最好方法是聚集一群最有才华的人。B 选项
的“球队老板花费数百万美元吸引顶尖人才”和下文的 “公司花费数百万雇佣顶级商业人士” 形成并列的关系。
故选 B。
47. E 根据下一句中的主语 “They”可知，前一句主语应该是名词复数形式，故选 E。
48. G 根据下文中的“In baseball”这一句可知，前面的内容应该是和棒球有关，故选 G。
49. D 根据上文的内容可知，学习团队运动的小孩子经常被告知“团队中没有我”，但是“明星们显然不
遵循这一体育道德的基本原则”。例如“If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point
total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team's
performance.”故选 D。
50. F 根据下文的内容“一支一流球队可能或许需要平衡——不仅需要 A 级球员，而且需要慷慨的 B 级球员”
可知，前一句是在说“建立一支梦之队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多”。故选 F。
8. 【2018·全国 I】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为
多余选项。
Color is fundamental in home design——something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to
manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room
that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day?____36____, color is
the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.
Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important
point.____37____, they can get a little complex .But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions
you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.
____38____. They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows ,mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms .Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful
sofa ,small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable .
Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves ____39____.
They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a
space.
The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors .Whether you’re looking at
wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant.____40____.
A. While all of them are useful
B. Whatever you’re looking for
C. If you’re experimenting with a color
D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with
E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
【答案】36. B 37. A 38. D 39. G 40. F
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了室内设计中颜色的选择问题。
36. 36 题以逗号结尾，后面另起一个简单句，可以从句子结构排除 D,E,F,G 项。根据前文的三个问句可
知，此处是从中选择一种。故选 B（不管你寻找哪一种）。
37. 前文：在过去的许多年里，有许多技术帮助设计者实现这一要点；下文：它们有点复杂。所以 A
（然而他们都很有用）承上启下。符合题意。
38. 本空是一个主题句，总说选择小颜色是我们很熟悉的方法。后文分说小颜色的具体用途。故选 D。
39. 根据前文“中型颜色选择通常是指一些例如沙发，餐桌或者书架等家具的颜色选择”接着表明这种范
围的颜色选择是对小型颜色选择在两种方式上的进一步提示，故选 G。
40. 前文 the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant 你所付诸的时间、精力和相关的费用是巨
大的。后文 F 那肯定是值得的，因为你想第一次把它弄好。故选 F。
9. 【2018·全国 II】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为
多余选项。
If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try
and find the time to work out. ___36___ Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being
physically fit.Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of
you for the day.___37___
Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start. ___38___ If you work out in the mornings, then you will be
getting the calorie(卡路里)burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.
___39___ Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in
the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very
excited.
___40___ If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food
choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to
continue to focus on positive choices.
There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and
push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.
A. You will stick to your diet.
B. Your quality of sleep improves.
C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.
D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.
E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.
F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.
G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up!
【答案】36. G 37. E 38. F 39. B 40. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。列举了早晨锻炼对人体的四条好处，号召人们早点起床，进行身体锻炼。
36. 根据空前的内容“生活忙碌没有时间锻炼”和空后的内容“晨练除了身体健康之外，还能带来其他好
处”，下文接着列举了晨练的其他好处。由此可知，此处缺一个承上启下句。G 项中 then listen up!（那么请
仔细听!）很好的起到了承上启下的作用。故选 G。
37. 根据上一句 Exercising makes you more awake（锻炼能让你更清醒），E 项（你可以在运动后保持头
脑清醒 4-10 个小时。）是对上一句的进一步解释。故选 E。
38. 空前句子是本段的主题句，晨练是新陈代谢的开始，空后句子说如果晨练，则你会得到卡路里一整
天都在燃烧的益处，F 项（锻炼之后，你一整天都在燃烧卡路里。）是空后句子的根据，空后句子是对 F 项
的进一步延伸。故选 F。
39. 此处缺一个主题句。空后句子解释了早起锻炼的人比晚上锻炼的人睡得更好。B 项（你的睡眠质量提高了。）是对后面内容的总述。故选 B。
40. 根据空后句子“If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food
choices throughout the day.（如果你在早晨锻炼身体，你将更有可能坚持健康的食物选择。）”，A 项(你将坚
持你的饮食。)符合本段内容，是主题句，起到统领下文的作用。故选 A。
10. 【2018·全国 III】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多
余选项。
Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and
sorrow ,life and death, and everything else in between.
___36___We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings,
birthdays , office parties and just to fill the time.
“I adore dancing,” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I can't imagine doing anything
else with my life." Bridges runs dance classes for all ages. "Teaching dance is wonderful. ____37____It's great to
watch them. For many of them, it's a way of meeting people and having a social life."
___38___"I can tell you about one young couple," says Bridges. “They're learning to do traditional dances.
They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. _____39_____”
So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier? Andrea Hillier says,“Dance, like the
pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better.____40____ I find it hard
to stop! Dancing reminds me I'm alive."
A. So why do we dance?
B. Dance in the U.S.is everywhere.
C. If you like dancing outdoors, come to America.
D. My older students say it makes them feel young.
E. I keep practicing even When I'm extremely tired.
F. Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.
G. They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.
【答案】36. B 37. D 38. A 39. F 40. E
【解析】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了跳舞的好处。学.
37. 根据前文舞蹈课为各个年龄阶段的人架起了桥梁，教跳舞是非常好的，再根据后句 it’s great to watch them，
根据人称可知是在谈论他们，所以 D 和 F 符合，再根据本段最后一句可知，此段主要介绍了跳舞对他们的
好处，故选 D。
38. 根据第四段后句，是通过举例介绍人们跳舞的原因，故选 A。
39. 根据前句 they arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile, 所以他们的心情彻底改变，故选
F。
40. 根据文章前后句可知，此处人称为第一人称，所以 E 符合语境，作者结合自己的跳舞经历介绍了跳舞给
自己带来的好处。
11. 【2018·浙江卷】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项
为多余选项。
Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure
that you become an acceptable and valuable part of your neighborhood.The easiest way to accomplish this is to
make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. _____31_____
Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房产) neat,
clean, and in good repair. ____32____ By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help to
improve the look and feel of the area.
Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously,. When going for a walk. Take a small
garbage bag. _____33_____ This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area.
______34______ If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers. If a neighbor
suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping . Let them know you are there to help in any way this acceptable,
while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.
______35______ By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and
taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become a good neighbor that
everyone appreciate.
A. In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.
B.A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.C. Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.
D. Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.
E. Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.
F. People tend to lake pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.
G. Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly
【答案】31. G 32. F 33. E 34. B 35. C
【解析】怎样成为一个邻居都喜欢的人，作者给了几点建议。
31. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲如果你想成为邻居中一个可以接受和有价值的部分，
最简单的方法就是确保你的行为举止像一个好邻居。下文是具体做法，G 项：这里有一些技巧，可以帮助
你迅速赢得邻居的信赖。承上启下，故选 G。
32. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段介绍和邻居关系融洽最重要的是保持干净整洁的户内户
外环境，F 项中 keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting. 保持街上的一切新鲜和诱人，与本段意思
一致，故选 F。
33. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段主要建议要重视社区的整体面貌，出门拿上一个垃圾袋，
E 项：遇到从路过的汽车里扔出的废纸，把它捡起来。与上句连接，是拿垃圾袋的作用。故选 E。
34. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段是建议用邻居可以接受的方式帮助他们，同时尊重邻居
的隐私。B 项：好邻居就是喜欢在小的方面帮助别人的人，符合本段内容，故选 B。
35. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。最后一段是总结，只要我们考虑周到，尊重他人，照顾好属于自
己的东西，为周围的人感到自豪，很快就会成为一个大家都喜欢的好邻居。C 项中 considerate behavior 是下
文内容的概括，故选 C。
12. 【2018·北京卷】根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有
两项为多余选项。
Why Do We Get Angry?
Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can
make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）
events, personality traits（特征）, and our assessment of situations. 51
Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However,
here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much
more. ____52____ The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s
personal history and psychological traits. Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that
connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. 53 Also,
sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering
event has occurred.
54 Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes
ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger.
55 However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in
order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the
day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.
A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.
B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.
C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.
D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.
E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.
F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a
critical eye.
G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not
trigger another.
【答案】51—55 FGEAD
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章按照总-分-总的结构讲述了人愤怒的三个原因——触发事件、个人特征和
对环境的评估。希望通过了解这三个原因，我们能更好地控制自己的情绪。
51. F 本句作为第一段中的最后一句话，显然应该是总括性的句子。F 选项中对于了解这些原因对我们控制
情绪的好处恰好符合这一特征，故选 F。
52. G 根据下一句中“why someone is triggered by something and others are not”可知，前文中提到了每个人的
触发事件都各不相同，G 选项中“what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.”恰好提到了这一点，
符合语境。故选 G。
53. E 根据后文“Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary
state before a triggering event has occurred”可知，前一句也提到了 pre-anger 这一状态，E 选项中“pre-anger
state”恰好符合。除此之外，上一句中的“personality traits”在此句中也出现了。故选 E。54. A 本文为总-分-总结构，按照第一段的顺序，此段应该讲 assessment of situations，故选 A。
55. D 根据后文“However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in
order to prevent its presence.”可知，前面一句应该是说生气有其存在的合理性。故选 D。
13. [2017·浙江卷 6 月考]
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to do manonthestreet interviews
The manonthestreet interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to
interview people on the spot.__31__ But with these tips, your first manonthestreet interview experience can be
easy.
●When your boss or professor sends you out to do manonthestreet interviews for a story, think about the
topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. For example, if your topic is about
environmental problems in America, you might ask, “Why do you think environmental protection is important in
America？” __32__
●Hit the streets with confidence. __33__ Say, “Excuse me, I work for XYZ News, and I was wondering if you
could share your opinion about this topic.” This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.
●Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera. Don't get
discouraged.
● __34__ Each interview that you get on the street shouldn't be longer than ten minutes. As soon as you get
the answer you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are
getting a variety of answers. If everyone is giving you the same answer, you won't be able to use it. A safe number
of interviews to conduct is about six to ten. __35__
● If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air, don't leave
work without them.
A. Limit your time.
B. As you approach people, be polite.
C. If you don't own a camera, you can buy one.
D. For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.
E．To get good and useful results, ask them the same question.
F．That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.
G．With a question like this, you will get more than a “Yes” or “No” reply.【答案】31—35 DGBAF
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何成功地做好街边的随机采访。
31. D 考查语境理解及主题句。该句用来引入本文的话题。根据下文“But with these tips…”可知，街头
的随机采访对于初入职场的新闻工作者来说是富有挑战性的工作，但有了以下指点，你就能得心应手了，
所以选用 D 选项。
32. G 考查上下文的语境理解。本选项是结尾句。由其前“Why do you think…”等可知，提问不要使用
可以用“Yes”或“No”来简单回答的问题，而应该采用些能让被采访者多说话的问题，由此选用 G 选项。
33. B 考查上下文的语境理解。本选项是连接句。由该句前面的 confidence 和下文的“‘…Excuse
me…’”可知，提问者要自信，同时也要有礼貌，所以选用 B 选项。
34. A 考查段落主题句。由其后的“…shouldn't be longer than ten minutes…move on to the next person.”可
知，采访的时间要控制，不可过长，所以选用 A 选项。
35. F 考查上下文的语境理解。本选项是段中结尾句。根据上文的“ A safe number of interviews to conduct is
about six to ten.”可知，采访的次数要适当，6～10 次为宜，这个数量的采访就可以使你获得你需要的所有答
案，所以选用 F 选项。
14. [2017·全国卷Ⅱ]
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you're trying to get work done. __36__，there are
several ways to handle things. Let's take a look at them now.
__37__．Tell the person you're sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you
can talk at a different time.
When people try to interrupt you，have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that
you'll find them then. __38__. It can help to eliminate (消除) future interruptions.
When you need to talk to someone，don't do it in your own office. __39__， it's much easier to excuse yourself to
get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are.
If you have a door to your office，make good use of it. __40__. If someone knocks and it's not an important matter,
excuse yourself and let the person know you're busy so they can get the hint (暗示) that when the door is closed，
you're not to be disturbed.
A．If you're busy, don’t feel bad about saying no
B．When you want to avoid interruptions at work
C．Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goesD．If you’re in the other person’s office or in a public area
E．It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be available
F．It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt you
G．Leave it open when you're available to talk and close it when you're not
【答案】36-40 BAEDG
【解析】本文介绍了有效应对他人的过度打扰的方法。
36. B 考查语境理解及主题句。根据后文可知，针对他人的打扰，下文将教你在你忙得不可开交时如何应
对。
37. A 考查上下文的语境理解。下文“…you have a million things to do…”(要做的事太多)，与 A 选项信息中
的 busy 形成信息对接。
38. E 考查上下文的语境理解。前句说需要让对方知道你安排了见面时间，该句说明其重要性，后句说这
样可以消除后续烦扰。此处围绕时间安排进行讨论，主题明了。
39. D 考查上下文的语境理解。前句提倡不要在自己的办公室会见别人，后文提倡去会见者的办公室谈事，
自己谈完可以随时退出，减少他人的无端打扰。
40. G 考查上下文的语境理解。有空时打开办公室大门，让对方知道你有空谈事，而自己正忙时关闭房门
可避免打扰。
15.[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余
选项。
Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to easy
morning wakeup lies in resetting your body clock. __36__ Here's how to make one.
●__37__ In order to make a change, you need to decide why it's important. Do you want to get up in time to have
breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about
your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.
●Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider rearranging your morning activities. If
you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes,
and bags. __38__ That's a quarterhour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.
●Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If you're tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could
sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a
recent study found. __39__
●Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After you've tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. __40__ If not, take another look at other methods you could
try.
A．Get a sleep specialist.
B．Find the right motivation.
C．A better plan for sleep can help.
D．And consider setting a second alarm.
E．If the steps you take are working, keep it up.
F．Stick to your set bedtime and wakeup time, no matter the day.
G．Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.
【答案】36—40 CBGFE
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几条关于调整好生物钟的建议。
36. C 上一句说的是生物钟的作用，下一句介绍的是如何调整生物钟，该空承上启下，故选 C。
37. B 本空为该部分的主题句。下面的几个问题是让读者明白自己做事的目的，也就是动机，故选 B 项。
38. G 该题属于细节题，可以利用关键词确定答案。G 选项中的 15 minutes 就是下文所说的 a quarterhour。
39. F 由主题句可知，该段告诉我们要坚持自己的休息时间表(Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends.)。
故选 F 项。
40. E 下文说的是“If not…”，意思是“如果不……”，与 E 选项中的“If the steps you take…”对应，由此可知
答案。
16.[2017·北京卷]根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多
余选项。
Every animal sleeps，but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep，they
die within a month. __71__
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. __72__ We know that，while awake，fresh memories
are recorded by reinforcing (加强)connections between brain cells，but the memory processes that take place while
we sleep have been unclear.
Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain
can be weakened overnight，making room for fresh memories to form the next day. __73__
Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. __74__ The synapses in the mice taken at the end
of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep，showing that the connections between
neurons weaken while sleeping.If Tononi's theory is right，it would explain why，when we miss a night's sleep, we find it harder the next day
to concentrate and learn new information—our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.
Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become
thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. __75__ “You keep
what matters，”Tononi says.
A．We should also try to sleep well the night before.
B．It's as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.
C．Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.
D．The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.
E．That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.
F．“Sleep is the price we pay for learning，” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.
G．Tononi's team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.
【答案】71—75 CEFGB
【解析】文章为说明文，讲的是动物为什么要睡眠，并给出两种观点：“帮助增强新的记忆”和“为新记忆腾
地方”。 而后一种观点有实验的支持，为越来越多的人所认可。同时，研究人员也指出，重要的记忆是不
会被清除的，而是被保留下来，成为永久记忆。
71．C 该空为首段最后一句。该段前文指出所有动物都需要睡眠，并有例证， 如实验室里的老鼠被
剥夺了睡眠后，一个月内就会死亡。所以得出结论：人类也一样，如果连续几天不睡觉，就会生病。所以
答案选 C。
72．E 第二段首句提出了第一个观点：睡眠帮助我们增强新的记忆。这就解释了为什么学生们在学习
之后开始睡觉会在考试中发挥得更好。所以答案选 E。
73．F 该空为第三段最后一句话，是对整段内容的总结：睡眠会使有些记忆衰弱，从而为新记忆腾出
空间。按 Tononi 的话说，即“睡眠是我们为学习付出的代价”。故答案为 F。
74．G 该空为第四段第二句话。 第四段首句说现在我们有直接证据证明 Tononi 的观点是对的， 那
接下来讲的应该是 Tononi 团队是如何通过实验证明的， G 选项指出了实验是怎么做的，故选 G。
75．B 只有 B 项中“preserving its most important memories”与后句“…you keep what matters…”相呼应。
也就是说， 重要的记忆会被保留下来。故选 B。
17. 【2016·全国新课标 I】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项
为多余选项。
Secret codes (密码)keep messages private。Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.
People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making.
The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.
There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many
eels” Spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”
38 You might represent each letter with a number, For example, Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in
order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 20 13 5.”
A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have
a code book. 39 For example “bridge“ might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message
“bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So
codes must be changed frequently.
A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.
B. In any language, some letters are used more than others.
C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.
D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.
E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.
F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.
G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.
【答案】36.-40 D E G.F A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了密码的设置和破解的方法。比如利用该字母在字母表中排序的数
字来代表该字母，或者利用一些单词的首字母来组成一个密码等。
36.D 考查对上下文的理解和判断能力。后句内容可以判断该空应该和密码的破译有关，故判断 D 项内容
As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.符合语境逻辑，可以承接上下文。
37.E 考查对上下文的理解和判断能力。后面举的例子是来证明人们设置密码时往往会利用一些单词的第一
个字母来作为密码，由此判断 E 选项内容符合语境逻辑。
38.G 考查对上下文的理解和判断能力。根据后面的解释内容可以判断这是介绍密码设置的又一种方法，故
G 选项内容 Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.符合语境。
39.F 考查对上下文的理解和判断能力。根据后面的举例以及前句中的 a code book 可以判断该句是介绍密码
书的使用，故判断 F 选项 With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.可以
起到承上启下的作用。40.A 考查对上下文的理解和判断能力。根据空后内容的转折可知尽管利用密码书可以破译密码，但是一本
密码书也不会使用很久的时间，故判断 A 选项 It is very hard to break a code without the code book.符合语境。
考点：七选五阅读理解
18. 【2016·全国新课标 II】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两
项为多余选项。
A garden that’s just right for you
Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to
total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? 16 . But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside
yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening
process.
●___17
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are
concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料). 18 . However, there
are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest
years.
●Recall(回忆)your childhood memories
Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s
vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important. 19 --how being in those gardens made
us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of
your youth. 20 then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up
garden. Have fun.
A. Know why you garden
B. Find a good place for your own garden
C. It’s our experience of the garden that matters
D. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants
F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too
G. For each of those gardens, writer down the strongest memory you have
【答案】16. F 17. A 18. E 19. C 20. G
【解析】本文属于说明文，美丽的花园能给我们带来美好的视觉享受，文章中给出了两个自己建设花园的的具体建议。
16.F 根据前两句提出：你是否参观过那些让你感觉非常好的花园？你也可以自己搞一个属于你自己的花园。
故 F 项“你也可以把你自己的花园搞得那么美好”符合上下文串联。
17.A 根据本段前两句“Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of
color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料).”可
知不同人对花园有不同的看法，再倒数第二句“然而，有很多能够解释你为什么想做园艺的原因”可知我们首
先要搞清楚为什么要做园艺。故 A 项正确。
18.E 本段前两句提出有些人认为花园只是一些花花草草，有些人关心少用水少用废料。本句仍然在说明人
们对园艺的不同看法。故 E 项“还有其他人只是喜欢在户外接触植物”与上下文一致，也是人们对于园艺的
观点。
19.C 根据前句“......那些都不重要”可知划线句强调的是在园艺中对我们来说真正重要的是什么。故 C 项“重
要的是我们搞园艺的经历”符合上下文串联。
20.G 本部分介绍如果我们自己建一个花园，要回忆一下年轻的时候所看到的那些花园，并把这些花园的优
点写下来，然后制定计划并把自己的计划变成美丽的花园。故 G 项与上下文一致。
19. 【2016·全国新课标 III】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两
项为多余选项。
Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 16 But it seems that many people don’t cook fish at home.
Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as
at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult. 17 This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an
easy way.
18 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you’re standing at the ocean’s edge. Any fishy or
strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh. 19 When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store
the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a
day or two. Frozen fish isn’t as tasty as the fresh one.
There are many common methods used to cook fish. 20 First, lean it and season it with your choice of spices(调
料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound.
(A larger one will take more time.) Then, it’s ready to serve.
A. Do not buy it.
B. The easiest is to steam it.
C. This is how you can do it.D. It just requires a little knowledge.
E. The fish will go bad within hours.
F. When buying fish, you should first smell it.
G. The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.
【答案】16. G17. D18. F19. A20. B
【解析】文章主要介绍了一些买鱼和烧鱼的常识。带有强烈气味的鱼不新鲜，最简单的方法是蒸鱼。
16. G 考查上下文串联。第一句“Everyone knows that fish is good for health.”是总写，But 表示转折，说明 but
前面一句是对第一句的解释，G 项“鱼中的脂肪有助于预防心脏病”符合语境，故选 G。
17. D 考查上下文串联。题目前一句“Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult.”可知，购买，存放和烧
鱼并非难事，再根据后面一句可知，文章主要介绍了买鱼和烧鱼的简单知识，D 项“这仅仅需要一点知识”符
合语境，此题容易与 C 项混淆，C 项后面应该直接跟烧鱼的方法，即 C 项与后一句重复，故选 D。
18. F 考查上下文串联。根据“Fresh fish should smell sweet”可知，本段讲的是买鱼的时候要闻一下鱼的气
味，故选 F。
19. A 考查上下文串联。根据前一句“Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh.”可知，带有强烈的
味道的鱼都不是新鲜的，不应该买这样的鱼，A 项与后句联系紧密，故选 A。
20. B 考查上下文串联。根据“Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot”可知，本段介绍的是蒸
鱼的方法，故选 B。
考点：生活类短文阅读
20. 【2016•北京】根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选
项。
The Science of Risk-Seeking
Sometimes We decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward,
the risk seems worth taking. 71 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why?
Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.
The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at
hunting, fighting, or exploring. 72 As the quality of Risk-taking was passed from on ration to the next,
humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could
get one Killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans
developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 73
No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases
during your teenage years. 74 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.
New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
Mean taking some risks, so your brain raisers your tolerance for risk as well.
75 For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of
the brain related to fear becomes active.
As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the
shallow end of the pool.
A. It all depends on your character.
B. Those are the risks you should jump to take.
C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.
D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.
E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.
F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.
G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.
【答案】71. F72. C73. A74. E75. G
【解析】文章从科学上对追求冒险和刺激进行了解释。冒险行为与大脑的工作机制有关，当大脑的快乐中
枢被激活时，人们就会采取冒险行为。
71. F 考查上下文串联。前一句提到了“weigh the risk and the reward”，F 项“然而，并不是所有人都使用同样
的参考标准来权衡风险和回报”符合语境，故选 F。
72. C 考查上下文串联。hunting, fighting, or exploring 狩猎、战斗和探索等活动是生存的必要条件，C 项中的
those 是对这些活动的指代，故选 C。
73. A 考查上下文串联。根据“humans developed a range of character types...”可知，人们形成的不同类型的性
格如今仍然存在，正是不同的性格类型才导致了我们对冒险行为采取不同的态度，故选 A。
74. E 考查上下文串联。E 项中的 when 与“your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years”中
的 teenage years 对应，故选 E。
75. G 考查上下文串联。根据“a part of the brain...while for the rest of us...”可知，本段讲的是冒险行为与大脑
的关系，故选 G。
考点：科研类短文阅读21. 【2016·四川】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余
选项。
Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. 16 In general, they can expect
to live six or seven years more than men. One reason for this is biological.
One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and
women. 17 Between the ages of about 12 and 50, women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育
能力). These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood flow. In fact, women are less likely to
have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.
18 They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections. This means that women generally ger si
ck less often and less seriously than men. The common cold is a good example: women, on average, get fewer cold
s than men.19 Scientists are still not exactly sure how influence aging, but they believe that they do. Some think t
hat a woman’s body cells have a tendency(向) to age more slowly than a man’s. Others think that a man’s body cell
s have a tendency to age more quickly. 20
A．However, women, on average, live longer.
B .The biological factor plays an important part.
C. Women are also helped by their female genes.
D. The female hormones also protect the body in another way.
E. Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities.
F. Therefore, women are more healthy than men and can live a better life.
G. Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control carious body functions.
【答案】16.A 17.G 18.D 19.C 20.E
【解析】女性比男性寿命长的原因。
16.A 根据空格下一句：一般说，女性比男性多活 6 到 7 年。可知此处的意思是：然而，女性平均比男性寿
命更长。故选 A。
17.G 根据空格上句：男性和女性之间荷尔蒙的不同帮助女性寿命更长。可知此空的意思是：荷尔蒙是身体
生产的控制各种身体功能的化学物质。故选 G。
18.D 根据下句：它们帮助身体本身抵抗各种感染。可知此空的意思是：女性荷尔蒙也用另一种方式保护身
体。故选 D。
19.C 根据下句：科学家仍然没有确切地表明基因怎样影响年龄，但是他们认为基因却是在影响年龄。可知
上句：女性基因也在帮助女性。20.E 根据空格前两句：一些人认为女性身体细胞有一个比男性老化慢的倾向，另一些人认为男性身体细胞
有一个老化快的倾向。可知 E 项符合题意。“最近研究似乎支持这两种可能”。故选 E。
22. 【2016·浙江】下面文章中有 5 处（第 61-65 题）需要添加小标题。请从以下选项（ABCDE 和 F）中选
出符合各段意思的小题，并在答题纸上将相应选项的标号涂黑。选项中有一项是多余选项。
A. Get involved in student activities
B. Your voice is actually super important
C. There is a significant increase of opportunities
D. Stay in active communication with your friends
E. Get smart about the people who you spend your time with
F. Your major does not matter as much in your first of college
Five Things Nobody Told Me about College
As I type this , I am in my university dorm room. A year ago, when I was awaiting to hear the results of my
college applications, I often went to websites for some type of insider look on what college would be like.
However, there’s only so much that prep books, websites, and older friends can teach. Here are the top 5things
nobody told me about college:
61
Nobody entering a university knows exactly what they want to study. If they tell you otherwise, they’re lying
and will probably change what they want to purse within the first quarter of attendance . During my first quarter at
University of California, Riverside (UCR),I thought that I wanted to study Political Science with its focus on
International Affairs, so that’s what I applied for. However, once I worked with statewide and local government, I
realized that a better fit for me would be Public Policy, and now I am in the process of changing my area.
62
In college, there are so many good chances for you to meet your expectations. However, there is a very
important difference between wanting to do something and applying for something. In order for you to take
advantage of the conferences, research, internships ,and fellowships that your university offers, apply! Step into
your academic advisor’s office, introduce yourself, and begin making the valuable connections that are necessary to
help during the rest of your college career. Great things happen when you step out of your comfort zone, and you
would be surprised on how many chances exist if you just ask.
63
College is where you meet your birdesmaids, neighbors, and potential bosses. The relationships you develop now will probably be linked to the ones you value later, so be wise about the people who you invest
yourself in . You are only one person, and you do not have time to waste on people who would rather cause drama
or mess up with your purpose. Surround yourself with uplifting individuals who challenge you to be better while
loving you for who you are, and be patient to the people who are the complete opposite of that description.
64
As a first-year, I was afraid to make any noise towards campus issues that I noticed. It was not until I
became involved in student government that I gained the confidence to handle projects that I created with the help
of ASUCR Office of the President. During my first quarter, I spoke directly to the Chancellor, asking him for
support towards my initiavives, met with the Vive Chancellors, and coorerated with my teaching assistances to
begin my undergraduate research protect. Nothing good will happen when you are silent.
65
At my high school, there were about only four active club and organizations that students could be a part of.
Imagine my surprise when I stepped foot onto UCR’s campus, where over 400 organizations exist, ranging from
political organizations to karate club. You are not paying all or your tuition(学费)to merely go to class, study,pass
tests and graduate. Make something worthy out of your experience. Create that you will want to tell your
grandchildren one day. It all begins here, by signing up to join an organization.
【答案】61. F 62. C 63. E 64. B 65. A
【解析】
61. F 根 据本段的句子 Nobody entering a university knows exactly what they want to study. If they tell you
otherwise, they’re lying and will probably change what they want to purse within the first quarter of attendance .可
知，这段主要介绍了：你的专业在大学一年级不重要。故选 F。
62. C 根据本段的句子 In college, there are so many good chances for you to meet your expectations.可知，这段主
要介绍了：机会不断增加。故选 C。
63. E 根据本段的句子 The relationships you develop now will probably be linked to the ones you value later, so
be wise about the people who you invest yourself in .可知，这段主要介绍了：对于在一起的人要理性一些。故
选 E。
64. B 根据本段的句子 Nothing good will happen when you are silent.可知，这段主要介绍了：你说的话实际上
非常重要。故选 B。
65. A 根据本段的句子 It all begins here, by signing up to join an organization.可知，这段主要介绍了：参与一些
学生的活动。故选 A。23. 【2015·北京卷】第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分。共 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项
中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。
This Way to Dreamland
Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they
should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them. They
can seem forgetful and clumsy._71__They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important
things.
But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. __72__
Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?
So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a
fool?
First, understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed
will help you to slip into daydreams.__73_ And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea
while you’re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like
taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.
It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate.
“Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep.__74__
Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away.____75_
Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.
A. Having interesting things to think about also helps.
B. They stare off into space and wander by themselves.
C. Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relatively, Coke or Post-it notes.
D. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.
E. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.
F. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand.
G. Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone.
【答案】71—75 BCEAG
【解析】文章说明了“白日做梦”现象事实上有很有助于创造性思维的开发。
71.第一段说的是大众印象中的白日做梦有哪些弊端，选项在文章前后句中起到段内逻辑连接的作用。故选
B。72.本段话峰一转说到了白日做梦其实有着很多的好处。选项前后依然是顺承关系，故选 C。
73.本选项中的 it 指代前句的动名词短语 feeling safe and relaxed，解题线索明显。故选 E。
74.本段主要讲如何避免不合时宜的白日做梦，且选项中有 also 为提示词。故选 A。
75.本选项中有逻辑词 therefore,可为做题线索之一；前句讲好的想法随时会出现，所以选带个本子随时记，
合情合理。故选 G。
生活类短文阅读
24. 【2015·新课标全国 II】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两
项为多余选项。
Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs.
36 , buy the best-fitting running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel
best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop. When you have
found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit. 37 . As always, you should
stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.
During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day. 38 , it is wise
to take a day off to rest. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 39 . After
two weeks, start timing yourself. 40 . Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a
timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.
A. After six days
B. For a good marathon runner
C. Before you begin your training
D. With each day, increase the distance by a half mile
E. If they still feel good, you can begin running in them
F. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training
G. Now you are ready out a goal of improving distance and time
【答案】36. C37. E38. A39. D40. G
【解析】本文是以如何锻炼马拉松为话题，提到从长期的角度说应该做到精心准备，循序渐进。这样才能
达到锻炼的目的。
36. C 考查对上下文的理解。上文提到跑马拉松，下文说买一双合脚的鞋子。所以这里应该是 Before you begin
your training 训练前的准备工作。故选 C。
37. E 考查对上下文的理解。上文提到：穿着鞋走走路以确保合适，下文提到跑。所以这里应该说 If they still
feel good, you can begin running in them 如果穿着的感觉很好，就可以跑了。故选 E。38. A 考查对上下文的理解。上文提到练习的第一周怎么做，下文提到第二周，所以这里应该是 After six
days，练习一周后稍做休息，一周是 6 天，故选 A。
39. D 考查对上下文的理解。这里在讨论逐渐加长跑步的距离，每天增加一定的距离才合理，故选 D With each
day, increase the distance by a half mile。
40. G 考查对上下文的理解。最后是提速。在规定的距离内如何训练自己跑得快。这样才能参加比赛。故选
G Now you are ready out a goal of improving distance and time。
生活类短文阅读。
25. 【2015·新课标全国 I】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项
为多余选项。
Building Trust in a Relationship Again
Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences, 36 . Trust is a risk. But you can’t be
successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no
responsibility to fix the mistake.
Unfortunately, we’ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we’ve been stolen from, lied to , misled, or cheated
on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore, 37. It’s understandable,
but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.
38 having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best
outcome would be for your well-being.
39 If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between
being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our trust tested or
violated.
You didn’t lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this
hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40 instead, it’s a
healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.
A. Learn to really trust yourself.
B. It is putting confidence in someone.
C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.
E. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.
F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.G. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.
【答案】36. B37. E 38. A39. C 40. G
【解析】文章主要讲述了人们一旦失去了信任，如何再次建立信任。
36. B 根据前一句 Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences 信任是我们从以往经历中获得
的学习行为。选项 B 中的 it 代指上文刚出现的 trust。故选 B。
37. E 根据前句 Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore.可知他们受到严重的伤害且不能忍受再次发生。
可知选 E。
38. A 根据后句 having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best
outcome would be for your well-being.可知此段主要讲述要学会信任自己。可知选 A。
39. C 根据后句 If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance.可知此段主要讲述不要认为自
己是受害者。故选 C。
40. G 根据前一句 Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and
be thankful for all of the good in your life 和后一句 instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to
allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.可知既要看到事情的积极面，也不要忽视所发生的事情。故选 G。
26. 【2014·北京卷】（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分。共 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出
正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Evaluating Sources (来源) of health Information
Making good choices about your own health requairs reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your
evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of healthy information. Resonable evaluation includes
knowing where and how to fins relevant information, how to separate fact from opinions, how to recognize poor
reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. 71
Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself
what a study really reported, and determin whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study.
73
Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behaviour “contributes to” or is “associated
with” an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result. 73 Carefully read
or listen to information in order to fully understand it.
Use your common sense. Ifa report seems too good to be true, probably it is. Be especially careful of
information contained in advertisements. 74 Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully, and be aware of
quackery(江湖骗术). 75 Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs
to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.
Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about the health problems will serve you well
throughout your life.
A. Make choice that are right for you.
B. The goal of an ad is to sell you something.
C. Be sure to work through the critical questions.
D. And examine the findings of the original research.
E. Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.
F. Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author’s point of view.
G. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common
sources.
【答案】1.G2.D3.F4.B5.A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了如何鉴别一些健康信息。
1.G 考查上下文的语境理解及逻辑推理。根据上文可知，前面的几个 how to 表明，你如何做出选择。而 G
是下面这些建议帮你鉴别正确的健康信息。顺理成章。
2.D 考查上下文的语境理解及逻辑推理。根据关键词定位可知，本段的关键词是：original source。只有 D 选
项一致。
3.F 考查上下文的语境理解及逻辑推理。根据上文举例，如：contribute to，associated with 可知，要注意解
释的欺骗性。故选 F。
4.B 考查上下文的语境理解及逻辑推理。根据上文报道似乎很真实，就是为了诱导你买东西。故选 B。
5.A 考查上下文的语境理解及逻辑推理。最后总结做出适合你的选择，朋友和家人是主意的好的来源。
考点：考查语境理解及逻辑推理
27.【2014·辽宁卷】 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡
上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life. Every waking moment, the eyes are working to see the
world around us. Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight, but it's easy to include steps into
our daily life to ensure healthy eyes. Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight:
· Schedule yearly exams. 36 Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor
for a careful check. The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment, including eyeglasses.
· Protect against UV rays (紫外线). Long-term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season
is, it's extremely important to wear sunglasses.
37
Give your eyes a break. Two-thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital
products. 38 Experts recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a
20-second break and look at something 20 feet away.
· 39 As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins (维生素) C and E help protect
eyesight and promote eye health.
· Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses (隐形眼镜). Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their
eyesight. While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and
putting their eyesight at risk. 40 Otherwise, you may have problems such as red eyes, pain in the eyes, or a
more serious condition.
A. Eat your greens.
B. Eye care should begin early in life.
C. They can properly protect your eyes.
D. Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins.
E. Parents usually don’t care about their own eyesight.
F. Always follow the doctor’s advice for appropriate wear.
G. This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.
【答案】1.B2.C3.G4.A5.F
【解析】拥有健康的视力是每个人关心的事情，这篇文章介绍了五个建议可以让我们终身享有健康的视力。
1.考查句意理解和上下文串联。根据下文的句子：Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to
the doctor for a careful check.医生建议父母到 6 到 12 个月大的孩子去医院做视力检查，可知：保护视力应该
很早就开始，所以答案是 B。
2.考查句意理解和上下文串联。根据上文的句子：No matter what the season is, it's extremely important to wear
sunglasses.不管什么季节，戴太阳镜都是非常重要的，可知：它们可以适当的保护你的眼睛，所以答案是 C。
3.考查句意理解和上下文串联。根据上文的句子：Two-thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using
computers or other digital products.三分之二的美国人每天花 7 个小时使用电脑和其他数字产品，可知：这个
频繁的视力活动会增加眼睛疲劳的危险，所以答案是 G。4.考查句意理解和上下文串联。根据下文的句子：As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each
day.作为健康饮食，每天要多吃蔬菜和水果，可知：多吃绿色的食品，所以答案是 A。
5.考查句意理解和上下文串联。根据上文的句子：While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact
lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk.有人听从佩戴隐形眼镜的医学建议，而有人
忽视了这些规定让他们的视力有危险，可知：佩戴眼镜要听从医生的建议，所以答案是 F。
考点：考查信息匹配--健康类短文
28. 【2014·全国新课标 I】（共 3 小题，每小题 3 分，满分 15 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
The jobs of the future have not been invented, 36 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well
no matter what the future holds.
1. Curiosity
Your children need to be deeply curious. 37 Ask kids, “What ingredients ( 配 料 ) can we add to make these
pancakes even better next time” and then try them out. Did those ingredients make the pancakes better? What could
we try next time?
2. Creativity
True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it. 38 There are a dozen
different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in
helping them develop their Creativity.
3. Interpersonal Skills
Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids. We know what is going on inside our own head, but
what about others? Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false
conclusions. 39 “Why do you think she is crying?” “Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face?”
“If someone were to do that to you, how would you feel?”
4. Self Expression
40 There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas ¡ª music, acting, drawing, building, photography. You
may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.
A. Encourage kids to cook with you.
B. And we can’t forget science education.
C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.
D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist? E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.
F. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.
G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.
【答案】1.D2.A3.C4.F5.G
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。如何帮助孩子发展他们的技能。一是培养孩子的好奇心。二是培养孩子的创
造力。三是培养孩子的交际技能。四是要学会表达自己的思想和想法。
1.D 考查上下文的语境理解。根据 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what
the future holds. 可知这里叙述的是帮助他们发展最优秀的技能。所以上句应该怎样帮助为了他们未来的工作
而做好准备。发展孩子
2.A 考查上下文的语境理解。根据 What ingredients (配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next
time” and then try them out.可知下文叙述的是做煎饼时添加什么配料会更好。所以上句应该鼓励孩子和你做
饭，故选 A。
3.C 考查上下文的语境理解。根据 True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something
new from it 可知上文叙述的是培养孩子的创造力，给他们一些材料，然后从这些材料中创造出新的东西。所
以下文应该是我们给孩子提供机会用新的方式来使用这些材料。选项 C 符合语境，故选 C。
4.F 考查上下文的语境理解。根据下文可知是问孩子怎样判断人的情感。所以上句应该是我们在真实生活的
做法及在故事中的人物一些问题。故选 F。
5.G 考查语境理解及主题句。根据下文的内容可知有许多方法表达出自己的想法和观点。所以用一种有效的
方式交流是一种技能。故选 G。
考点：信息匹配。
29. [2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ] 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中
有两项为多余选项。
Tips for cooking on a tight schedule
From my experience, there are three main reasons why people don't cook more often: ability, money, and time.
__36__ Money is a topic I'll save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the
most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule：
1. Think ahead. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I'm already hungry and there's nothing
ready to eat. So think ahead of the coming week. When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials
already? __37__
2. Make your time worth it. When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread? __38__ It takes around the same amount of time to make more of
something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal.
3. __39__ This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is
experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite
and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and
your schedule.
Hopefully that gives you a good start. __40__ And don't let a busy schedule discourage you from making
some great changes in the way you eat and live!
A. Try new things.
B. Ability is easily improved.
C. Make three or four instead.
D. Understand your food better.
E. Cooking is a burden for many people.
F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.
G. A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.
【答案】36—40 BGCAF
【解析】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何在忙碌的生活中享受烹调的乐趣的几条具体的建议，如
提前做好规划，一次多做点，尝试一些新鲜的做法等。
36. B 根据第一句中的 ability, money and time 可知人们不经常做饭有三个原因。下文的“Money is a topic
I'll save for another day.”和“…about how to make the most of the time…”谈及 money 和 time，故本句谈的是
ability 的话题。故 B 符合上下文语境。
37. G 根据本段内容可知作者建议提前思考，做好准备，再根据上文 “So think ahead of the coming
week.”以及下面的问题可知我们要提前做好计划，准备好材料，这样可以节省很多时间和精力。故 G 项符
合上下文语境。
38. C 根据“It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something.”可知一次再多做一点(与
少做一点相比)花的时间差不多，再根据最后一句“So save yourself the effort for a future meal.”可知一次多做
一点还可以为未来节省精力。故作者建议我们一次要多做一些，让我们的时间更有价值。故 C 正确。
39. A 根据本段中的“It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your
appetite and schedule.”可知它给了“我们”新的想法，新的菜谱。故作者在本段里建议我们要尝试新鲜事物。
故 A 正确。40. F 作者建议我们在忙碌的生活里找到做饭的时间，因为做饭可以给我们带来很多的快乐。根据下
文“…don't let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live！”可知，
本句是指要让做饭成为生活中快乐的事情而不是负担。故 F 项符合上下文语境。
30. 【2013 北京卷】根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余
选项。
Urbanization
Until relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city. The first
city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago. 71_ . In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny
rural ( 乡 村 的 ) villages. It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in
history--- a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.
Britain was only the beginning. 72_ .The process of urbanization--- the migration (迁移) of people from the
countryside to the city--- was the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live and
where they live.
In 1990, fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas. Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only
about 2% live on farms. 73 .
Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies. It
took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities. _74 . Until modern times, those living
in cities were mainly the ruling elite(精英) and the servants, laborers and professionals who served them. Cities
survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population
produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city.
Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the
country. 75_ . Today, instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is
able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers.
A. That kept cities very small.
B. The rest live in small towns.
C. The effects of urban living on people should be considered.
D. Soon many other industrial nations become urban societies.
E. But even 200 years ago, only a few people could live in cities.
F. Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.
G. Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.【答案】71-------75 E D B A F
【解析】文章的主题是城市化，讲述了城市化由过去城市规模小，农民人口多，到后来现代化之后，城市
规模大，农民人口少的现象，体现了产量的增加，社会的变迁。
71. E 根据前一句“The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago”可知，此处讲的是以前城市
的情况，即第一座城市仅仅是 5500 年才出现的，甚至 200 年前，也只有很少一部分人生活在城市中。其他
几个选项没有关于以前城市的描述。故选择 E
72. D 根据前一句的“ Britain was only the beginning”可知，英国只是个开始，关键词 beginning, 因此后面
出现的是 soon, 句意为，英国只是个开始，很快，其他工业国家也变成了城市化社会。
73. B 根据前一句的“Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms”目前，超过 82%
的美国人住在城市，只有 2%的人住在农场，在讲完了 82%和 2%之后，还有剩下的人呢，住在哪里呢？因
此可以推断出，下一句讲述的是 the rest 即，其余的人住在什么地方。因此，选择 B，意为，其余的人住在
城镇里。
74. A 推理判断，根据前一句的”It took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities”可知，要有
95 个人在农场里工作，才能养活 5 个城市里的人，因此城市里居住的人肯定要少，规模肯定很小，因此选
择 A 项，意为这种原因导致了城市规模很小。
75. F 根据后面的“ Today, instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is
able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers”可知，现在一个美国人在农场里工作，可以养活 100 多个非农美
国人，因此现代化让农民更加多产，让更多的人可以居住在城市里。
31.【2013 全国新课标 II】根据根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有
两项为多于选项。
Public Speaking Training
·Get a coach
51 ，so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public
speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the training that's right for you.
·Focus on positives
Any training you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the positive aspects
of what you already do well. Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told that you aren't doing well.
52 , so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldn't do.
53
If you find a public speaking course that looks as though it's going to give you lots of dos and don'ts, walk away! Your brain is so full of what you're going to be talking about.
54 . As far as we're concerned, there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking. Your
audience can be your friends.
·You are a special person not a clone
Most importantly, good public speaking training should treat you as a special one, with your own personal habits.
55 . Your training course should help you bring out your
personality, not try to turn you into someone you're not.
A. You aren't like anybody else
B. You already do lots of things well
C. Turn your back on too many rules
D. Check the rules about dos and don'ts
E. Whatever the presentation, public speaking is tough
F .The one thing you don't want is for them to fall asleep
G. So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse
【答案】51—55 EBCGA
【解析】
51. E 根据下一句的 ready to offer you public speaking training and courses 可知，开头说的是与 public
speaking 有关的问题，故选 E。
52. B 根据第一句中的 focus on the positive aspects of what you already do well 可知，演讲要集中在自己所
做过的成功的事情上，故选 B。
53. C 本段第一句中提到...lots of dos and don'ts, walk away!如果有的培训讲太多的条条框框的话，最好不
要理会这样的培训，故选 C。
54.G 根据上一句 Your brain is so full of what you're going to be talking about.可知，给大脑灌输一套规则会
使事情变得更糟。故选 G。
55. A 根据 treat you as a special one, with your own personal habits 可知，本段讲的是“与众不同”，故选 A。
32.【2013 全国新课标 I】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want. The word
business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services. Most business seek to make a
profit(利润) - that aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. 71 Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. 72 .
Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the
operations of a business. 73 One is the establishment (制定)of broad basic policies with respect to production;
sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. 74 The third relates to the
establishment of standards of word in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision(监管)and
guidance by the management in authority. 75
A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.
B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.
C. Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.
D. However, some businesses only seek to enough to cover their operating costs
E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.
F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.
G Planning in business management has three main aspects.
【答案】71—75 DCGEA
【解析】
71. D 根据后文 Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers
可知：被普遍认为是非营利组织。所以，上文应该与其内容一致。D 项：然而，一些公司只挣足够的钱来
满足基本的经营费用。这说明它们不赚钱。这与后文内容相符。此处 however 也是关键词，其前讲得是盈
利活动，其后是非盈利公司活动。
72. C 前文提到非盈利公司，下文举例说明哪些是非盈利组织。
73. G 第二段的第一句是总述，接下来从三方面进行分述 the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the
operations of a business。按顺序先说 planning。
74. E 根据上文“经营管理计划有三个方面” 可知，这里谈得是第二方面。下文是 The third. . .
75. A 根据前文可知三个方面讲了两个方面了，接下来是第三个方面。即 control of the operations of a business。
故选 A。
33. [2012·辽宁卷] 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为
多余选项。
How to Make Friends
Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends. Good friendship has
many benefits. It offers companionship, improves selfworth and promotes good health. There are times in our lives
such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leave us without a friend. __71__ But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage. Below are some
helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends.
1. Associate with others.
The first step to making friends is associating with other people. You can go to public places to meet new
people. Besides, you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places.
2. Start a conversation.
Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends. __72__ You can
always start the conversation. Being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating with other people.
3. __73__
Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always
bring you and your friend together. Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience.
4. Let it grow.
It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as
this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend. __74__ The best friendships are
the ones that grow naturally.
5. Enjoy your friendship.
The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves. __75__ Try not to
change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend
to be to you.
A. Be cheerful.
B. Do things together.
C. Do not wait to be spoken to.
D. Try not to find fault with your friends.
E. Making new friends comes easy for some people.
F. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch.
G. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you.
【答案】71—75 ECBGD
【解析】本文是说明文。全文说明了如何建立友谊。
71. E 联系空后的转折句 But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage.我们知道，获得友
谊对于有些人来说是很容易的。
72. C 联系空后的 You can always start the conversation.我们知道不要总是等着别人跟你说话。
73. B 联系 Choosing friends with common interests…together.可知选 B。
74. G 联系空前的内容，以及空后的 The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally.我们知道，要给
你的朋友时间，让他来接近你。
75. D 联系 Try not to change them 我们可以知道，不要老是挑朋友的过错且此处前后句式一样。
34.[2012·课标全国卷]
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Kids' health: Four steps for fighting stress
Everybody gets stressed from time to time. __71__ Some ways of dealing with stress—like
screaming or hitting someone—don't solve (解决) much. But other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can
lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better.
Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed：
(1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to a trusted adult,
such as a parent or other relatives. __72__ They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a
test, or the death of a beloved pet.
(2) Don't take it out on yourself. Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves.
Oh, dear, that's not a good idea. Remember that there are always people to help you. Don't take it out on yourself.
__73__
(3) Try to solve the problem. After you're calm and you have support from adults and friends, it's time to get
down to business. __74__ Even if you can't solve it all, you can solve a piece of it.
(4) Be positive. Most stress is temporary (暂时的). Remember stress does go away, especially when you figure out
the problem and start working on solving it.
These steps aren't magic, but they do work. And if you can stay positive as you make your way through
a tough time, you'll help yourself feel better even faster. __75__
A．Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.
B．Notice your friends' feelings and find a way to help them.
C．Different people feel stress in different ways.
D．Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.
E．You need to figure out what the problem is.
F．And don't forget about your friends.
G．Then, find a way to calm down.
【答案】71—75 CFAED
【解析】
71. C 考查语境理解及主题句。根据后文可知：不同的人减压的方式不同，是因为他们感到压力的方
式不同。
72. F 考查上下文的语境理解。前文提到和你信赖的人谈话，比如：父母、亲戚；减压求助的另一种
方式就是向朋友求助，这里朋友和父母、亲戚是并列关系。
73. A 考查上下文的语境理解。根据前文可知：有了压力，心情郁闷的时候，你不要一个人扛着。Don't
take it out on yourself. 那么就得向别人求助。
74. E 考查上下文的语境理解。根据后文：你即使不能解决所有的问题，但你可以解决一部分。可知
前文应列出问题清单，知道有多少问题。
75. D 考查上下文的语境理解。根据前文：你自己会到越来越好甚至更轻松，可知后文也应该是好
的感觉。故选 D。
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