专题 16 阅读填空（议论文）
1. 【2019? 全国 II】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。 Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question: “Should I jump? This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin. ___36___Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided. ___37___ More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself , your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires ,etc. Only then should your you’re your goals You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. ___38___ So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward. Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible.____39____ They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals. Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a Pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough.____40____You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal. You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals. A. This can affect your work. B. So how should you motivate yourself? C. However, this should not discourage you. D. So why should we try to set specific goals? E. They can change according to circumstances. F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job. G. Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it 【答案】36. G 【解析】 37. B 38. A 39. E 40. C
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文章作者对于怎样设定具体目标，给出了一些方法。 36. G 考查上下文的语境理解。上文说“动机和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面”。下文说“就像孩子在跳水台， 难以决定”。该空承上启下，G 选项“没有目标，你就既不能设定目标，也无法实现它”切题，故选 G。 37. B 考查上下文的语境理解。下文说“不仅如此，你应该如何为实现你的目标保持积极性”。该空引出下文， B 选项“那么你应该如何激励自己呢”切题，故选 B。 38. A 考查上下文的语境理解。 上文说“有时候你的心不在工作上”， 下文说“所以， 减慢速度， 想一想那时候， 你到底想干什么”。该空承上启下，A 选项“这会影响你的工作”切题，故选 A。 39. E 考查上下文的语境理解。上文说“记得，目标是灵活的”。该空承接上文，E 选项“它们会根据环境的改 变而改变”切题，故选 E。 40. C 考查上下文的语境理解。上文说“你可能想当一名飞行员，但是不能成为一名飞行员，因为你的视力不 够好。”下文说“你应该重新评估你的目标，并且设定一个新的目标”。该空承上启下，C 选项“然而，这也不 要使你沮丧”切题，故选 C。 2.（2020? 山东高三二模） The most universal facial expression is the smile --its function is to show
happiness and put people at ease. A smile says, " I like you. You make me happy That's why dogs make such a hit. They are so glad to see us that they almost jump out of their skins. 31． A baby’s. smile has the same effect. Have you ever been in a doctor's, waiting room and looked around at all the sad faces waiting impatiently. to be seen? There were six or seven patients waiting when a young woman came in with a nine-month-old baby. She sat down next to a gentleman who was more than a little impatient about the long wait for service. The baby just looked up at him with that great big smile that is so characteristic of babies,32．. Soon he struck up a conversation with the woman about her baby and his grand-children and then the entire reception room joined in, and the boredom and tension were changed into a pleasant and enjoyable experience 33．. Telephone companies throughout the US have a program called “phone power” which is offered to employees who use the telephone for selling their services or products. In this program they suggest that you smile when talking on the phone. Your “smile” comes through in your voice. You don’t feel like smiling? 34．. If you are alone, force yourself to whistle or hum a tune or sing. Act as if you were already happy, and that will tend to make you happy. Your smile is a messenger of your goodwill.35．.To someone who has seen a dozen people frown or turn their faces away, your smile is like the sun breaking through the clouds Especially when someone is under pressure from his bosses, his customers, his teachers or parents or children, a smile can help him realize that all is not hopeless that there is joy in the world.
A．He smiled back at the baby B．Your smile brightens the lives of all who see it. C．Smile gets much easier with practice D．So, naturally, we are glad to see them. E.Well, force yourself to smile F.We should give others a real smile, a smile that comes from within G.The effect of a smile is powerful, even when it is unseen 【答案】31．D32．A33．G34．E35．B 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。主要内容论述了微笑的影响力是非常大的――微笑是善意的传达者。 31．根据空前的内容可知，狗狗们看到我们很高兴，高兴得几乎要跳出来了。可知 D 选项中的 them 指代前 文的 dogs，且和前文内容成因果关系，语义（所以，我们看到他们也很高兴）相呼应，故选 D。 32．根据空前的内容可知，年轻的妇女抱着婴儿坐在一位先生旁边，这个婴儿看着那位先生微笑着，故可 知 A 选项中的 he 指代前文 gentleman，婴儿对着他笑，他也对着婴儿笑了笑，语义承接上文，故选 A。 33．根据上文内容可知，由一个微笑引起的愉快的经历，可见微笑的力量是强大的，故可知 G 选项的前半 句承接上文，再由下文的最后一句可知，你的微笑从电话中流露出来，可见微笑即使不被人看见，力量也 是强大的，故 G 项的后半句承接下文，故选 G。 34．根据空前的句子可知，你不喜欢笑吗？可知，E 选项恰好是其的答语，那就强迫自己微笑吧，故选 E。 35．根据空前内容可知，你的微笑是你善意的信使，B 选项 Your smile 和前句呼应，且根据下文可知，你的 微笑可以帮助他人感受到世界并非都是绝望， 可见你的微笑照亮了那些能看到微笑的人， 选项能承接下文， B 故选 B。 3.（2020? 黑龙江高三开学考试） Politeness is the practical application of good manners, the
goal of which is to make all of the parties relaxed and comfortable. It's a flexible management of words and actions, by which we make other people have a better opinion of us and themselves. It seeks to build a positive relationship. 26．. However, in the rush of daily life being polite is social behavior that we find rare nowadays. 27．. They don’t even take the time to look around. This has led to the loss of simple social rules some might take for granted and that are particularly powerful. 28．, people become less and less attentive to others’ feelings, for human interaction (互动) is almost lost. Take for instance the rudeness we tolerate when a person is looking at his phone when talking to us. Being polite is not just a simple social elegance. 29．. These days “Please” and “Thank You” are forgotten. And
not many people are aware that these two simple words can easily open or close any door to us. Unfortunately, they often forget to say these words. Hope is not lost. There are many ways we can improve our behavior to achieve skills in politeness. There are simple things we can do to be considered as a polite and well-mannered person.30．, they will respect you back. Just make a change in our behavior to start. Use simple words like “Excuse me”, “Please”, and “Thank you” every day. Be kind to receive kindness. Care and politeness will get you far in all aspects of life. A．As technology progresses B．People have become more self-absorbed C．As long as you show your politeness for people D．Since for many people being polite remains a challenge E.Many languages have specific means to show politeness F.It aims to respect a person’s need to be liked and understood G.It’s also about being kind, caring and respectful to another person 【答案】26．F27．B28．A29．G30．C 【解析】这是一篇议论文。礼貌是良好礼仪的表现，但是随着生活节奏的加快人们对礼貌似乎有所忘却， 也能够容忍不礼貌的行为。礼貌用语虽小，但能够在很多方面影响我们的生活。 26．该空上句提到，礼仪试图建立积极的人际关系。F 项（礼仪的目的是尊重一个人被爱和被理解的需要） 与上句承接自然，且两句在句式结构上相同。故选 F 项。 27．该空下句提到，人们甚至不愿意花时间观察周围事物。B 项（人们变得更加以自我为中心，更加自恋） 与下句联系紧密，不愿花时间看周围是人们以自我为中心的一种表现形式。故选 B 项。 28．该空下句提到，人们变得越来越不关心礼仪。A 项（随着科技的进步）在语境上和下句联系紧密。且越 来越不关心和随着科学发展都表现出动作的渐变，在逻辑上也能很好的衔接。故选 A 项。 29．该空上句提到，礼貌不仅仅是一个简单的社会礼仪。G 项（它也关乎对他人善良，关爱和尊重）的意思 和上句是递进关系，尤其通过上句的 not just 和本句的 also 可以看出两句联系紧密。故选 G 项。 30．该空下句提到，他们也会尊重你。C 项（只要你尊重他人）和下句构成条件状语从句，且句该主从句的 意义符合逻辑关系和文意。故选 C 项
4.What does it mean to be intelligent? It seems that everyone goes to college now, whether or not they find themselves interested in studying something
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