高考英语语法核心考点专项复习09：名词性从句

高考英语语法核心考点专项复习 09：名词性从句 从句是学生们很头疼的一个难题，也是高考的必考点。其中包括名词性从句、定语 从句、状语从句，名词性从句考察比较多。名词性从句内容多、考点多。 本专题主要讲解主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句以及同位语从句，并配以习题练习。 概述：　名词性从句的功能相当于名词。根据其在句中充当的成分，可分为：主 语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 目的：掌握从句的连接词和用法，能够识别出从句，学会分析从句的结构。 例句： What he wants to tell us is not clear. The question is whether we can get in touch with her. It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening. She always thinks of how she can work well. That is why he didn't come to the meeting. I have no idea when he will come back home.一、主语从句 在复合句中做主语的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的连词：that（无意义，所 引导的主语从句是完整的），whether （是否），if （是否）（通常只能用于 it 作形式 主语的主语从句），连结代词： who （谁）（主格）, whom （谁）（宾格）, whose（谁 的）（所有格）, what （什么，所……的（东西或事情））, which （那个，那些）， whoever （无论谁）（主格）, whomever （无论谁）（宾格）, whatever（无论什么）, whichever （无论那个，无论那些），连接副词： when（何时）, where （何地）, how （怎样，如何）, why （为什么）等。如： That the 2022 Winter Olympic Games will be held in Chengde is known to us all. =It is known to us all that the 2022 Winter Olympic Games will be held in Chengde. =What is known to us all is that the 2022 Winter Olympic Games will be held in Chengde. =As is known to us all, the 2022 Winter Olympic Games will be held in Chengde. 众所周知，２０22 年冬季奥运会将在承德举行。 That you don’t like him is none of my business. 你不喜欢他与我有什么关系呢。 What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. 他在会上的发言是到会的人都感到惊讶。What are to be decided at the meeting will be announced tomorrow. 在会议上即将做出的决定明天就会公布。 What is known to us all is that China is a developing country. = that China is a developing country is known to us all. ＝It is known to us all that China is a developing country. =As is known to us all, China is a developing country. 众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。 注：　由于主语从句一般都较长，所以常用 it 作形式主语，而把主语从句置于句末。 如：　 It worried her a bit that her hair was turning gray. =Her hair was turning gray, which worried her a bit. =Her hair was turning gray, and it worried her a bit. =Her hair was turning gray. It worried her a bit. 头发日渐灰白使他有些担忧。 It is a fact that Chinese is being accepted as an international language. 汉语正逐渐被人们承认为一门国际语言是一个事实。 It happened that she married a man whose father had killed her father. 碰巧她嫁给了一个他的父亲杀害她的父亲的男人。 二、宾语从句 在句中做宾语的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句可以作谓语动词、介词、非谓语动词 和一些形容词的宾语。引导宾语从句的连词：that（无意义，所引导的主语从句是完整 的），whether （是否）， if （是否）（通常只能用于宾语从句，但不能与 or not 连 用）, 连结代词： who （谁）（主格）, whom （谁）（宾格）, whose （谁的）（所有 格）, what （什么，所……的（东西或事情））, which （那个，那些），whoever （无 论谁）（主格）, whomever （无论谁）（宾格）, whatever（无论什么）, whichever （无 论那个 ，无论那些） ，连接副词： when（何时）, where （何地） , how （ 怎样，如 何）, why （为什么）等。如： I remember when this used to be a quiet village. 我还记得这村庄以前那宁静的时光 No one can be sure what man will look like in a million years. 没有人确知人类在一百万年后会是什么样子。 I really don’t know how he solved the problem. 我真地不知道她是怎样解决这个问题的。 注：　a. 用 that 引导的宾语从句，that 通常可以省略，如果有两个及以上的 that 引 导的宾语从句，最后一个 that 不能省略。如：　 He denied (that) he had entered the room and that he had stolen the money. 他否认了他曾进入房间偷钱。 b. 注意宾语从句中“否定前移”的现象。　如果主句中有表示“认为”之意的动词：　 think, suppose, believe, expect, imagine 等，则宾语从句中的否定应在主句中表达出来。 如：　 I don’t suppose she is likely to come.我认为她不可能来。 I don’t think he can pass the exam. 我认为他不可能通过考试。 c. 在疑问句中，表示“认为”之意的动词：　think, suppose, believe, expect,imagine 等 后接带疑问词类的连接词的宾语从句时，该疑问词类的连接词应该置于句首。如： Who do you suppose will go to Beijing? 你认为谁会去北京？ Where do you think we will have the meeting? 你认为我们在那儿开会？ -- We haven’t heard from her for a long time. -- What do you think has happened to her? －我们很久没有收到她的来信了。 －你认为她出了什么事吗？　 d. 如果宾语从句从句后带有宾语补足语，则用 it 作形式宾语，而把宾语从句置于宾 语补足语之后。如： We all consider it a pity that he was not able to join us in going camping. 我们都认为他不能跟我们一起去野营是一件遗憾的事。 I think it very necessary that primary school pupils should learn English. 我认为小学生学英语是非常必要的。 e. 注意介宾从句的使用。如： The dictionary is good except that the price is too high. 这本词典不错，只是价格太高了。 Nobody showed any interest in what he was saying. 没有人对他所说的感兴趣。 f. 注意宾语从句的省略形式。在上下文已经表达了宾语从句的内容的情况下，宾语 从句通常只保留连接词，而省略句子的其余内容。如： Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I can’t remember which. 布莱克博士不是来自牛津就是来自剑桥，我记不起从哪里来的了。 三、表语从句 在复合句中做主句表语的从句叫表语从句.引导表语从句的连词： that（无意义， 所引导的主语从句是完整的），whether （是否），连结代词： who （谁）（主格）, whom （谁）（宾格）, whose （谁的）（所有格）, what （什么，所……的（东西或事 情））, which （那个，那些），whoever （无论谁）（主格）, whomever （无论谁） （宾格）, whatever （无论什么）, whichever （无论那个，无论那些），连接副词： when （何时）, where （何地）, how （怎样，如何）, why （为什么）, as if/though（好像）, because（因为，由于）等。 The problem is that we are short of tools. 问题是我们缺少工具。 What interests me most is what I have bought myself.使我非常感兴趣的是我自己买的东西。 Go and get your coat. It’s where you left it. 去把你的上衣拿回来，它还在你放的地方。 That is why there appears a rainbow in the sky. 那就是为什么天空中会出现彩虹。 I think it is because you’re eating too much. 我认为那是因为你吃的太多了。 Is it because we are closer to the sun in summer than we are in winter? 这是原因我们在夏天比冬天离太阳更近吗？　 The reason why he was ill is that he was caught in the heavy rain last night. 他生病的原因是他昨天晚上淋雨了。 It looks as if it is going to snow. 看起来要下雪了。 His white hair was so hard that it looked as if it had been electrified. 他的白头发如此硬的以致看起来象触了电似的。 The boy looked about as if he were searching for something. = The boy looked about as if in search of something. 这个男孩好像在寻找什么东西。 He raised his hand as if he would take off his hat. = He raised his hand as if to take off his hat. 他举起手好像要取下帽子。 四、同位语从句 用作同位語的从句叫同位語从句，一般跟在一些名词如： idea（观点，看法）, news（消息）, word（消息）， fact（事实） , promise（诺言）, truth（事实）, hope（愿 望）, information（消息，信息）, knowledge（知识）, problem（问题）, thought（思想， 想法）belief （相信，看法）等后面，用以说明名词表示的具体内容。引导同位语从句 的连词有： that（无意义，所引导的主语从句是完整的），whether （是否），连接副 词： when（何时）, where （何地）, how （怎样，如何）, why （为什么）等。如：　 You would have no idea how excited I was at that moment. 你不会知道我当时是多么的激动。 There is a popular among parents that schools are no longer interested in handwriting. 在家长中间有一个流行的看法，学校不再对书法感兴趣了。 注： that 引导的同位语从句和 that 引导的定语从句的区别：同位语从句中的 that 不作任何句子成分只起引导作用，定语从句中的 that 既起引导作用又在定语从句中作一 个句子成分。如： The news that he won the English Competition surprised us most. 他赢得英语竞赛这个消息使我们感到非常惊讶。 （该句中的 that 引导同位语从句， that 不作任何句子成分只起引导作用。） The news that surprised us most was that he won the English Competition. 使我们感到非常惊讶的这个消息是他赢得了英语竞赛。 （ 该 句 中 的 that 引 导 定 语 从 句 ， that 既 起 引 导 作 用 又 在 定 语 从 句 中 作 句 子 的 主 语。） 注： a. 注意如何使用不同的连接词。一般来说，如果名词性从句的句意是完整的， 通常用 that 引导；如果主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句缺句子成分主语、宾语或表语， 指物时用 what 引导；指人时作主语用 who，作宾语或表语用 whom 或 who（不能用作 介词的宾语）；　表示两个或多个中选择一个或一部分时用 which；如果主语从句、宾 语从句和表语从句缺句子成分定语时用 whose；　如果名词性从句缺状语，时间状语用 when，地点状语用 where，方式状语用 how，原因状语用 why。如： The reason why he was absent from the lecture is that he was seriously ill. 他没有来上课的原因是他病得很严重。 What we can’t get seems better than what we have. 我们不能得到的好像总是要比我们拥有的更美好。 I didn’t quite follow you. What was that you just said about the place? （此句变为陈述句： That was what you just said about the place.） 我不明白你的意思，那就是你谈到的这个地点的情况吗？　 What I want to say is that you’d better have a rest. 我想说的就是你最好休息一下。 b. 注意 whether 与 if 在名词性从句中的运用。Whether 和 if 表示“是否”之意时可以 引导名词性从句，whether 可以用于任何名词性从句，而 if 通常只能用于宾语从句，但 不能与 or not 连用；或用于 it 作形式主语的主语从句。如：　 I don’t know whether (if) you like flowers, sir. 先生，我不知道你是否喜欢花。 He hesitated whether (if) he should make one last attempt to save the man.他犹豫了一下，不知是否该作最后的努力去救那个男子。 It all depends on whether we can get their co-operation. 这就要看我们能否得到他们的合作。 Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen. 这件事到底是好是坏还有待证实。 His first question was whether she had arrived yet. 他问的第一个问题就是她是否到了。 I was wondering whether I would go upstairs or follow him to the library. 我不知道我是上楼还是跟他去图书馆。 I had no idea whether I ought to offer her any help. 我不知道我是否应该给她提供任何帮助。 c. 注意名词性从句必须用陈述句的语序，尤其是注意在宾语从句中。如：　 I know when the city used to be a small village. 我知道这个城市曾经是一个小村庄。 Can you tell me how China has joined in the WTO (the World Trade Organization)? 你能告诉我中国为什么加入世界贸易组织吗？ d. 注意如何使用下列连接词：whoever （无论谁）（主格）, whomever （无论谁） （宾格）, whatever （无论什么）, whichever （无论那个，无论那些）。这些连接代词 引导名词性从句时，具有双重身份。也就是说，它既在主句中作一个句子成分，同时它又引导名词性从句，并在名词性从句中作一个句子成分。而其它的连接词只是引导名词 性从句，连接代词或连接副词要在从句中作一个句子成分，但它本身不在主句中作一个 句子成分，而是引导整个名词性从句在主句中作一个句子成分。试对比：　 Whoever has saved the drowning girl is worth praising. 谁救了那个落水女孩,谁就应该受到表扬。 Whoever comes will be welcomed. 无论是谁来了都会受到欢迎的。 Whoever wants the book may have it. 谁想要这本书就拿去吧。 Whoever gets the job will have a lot of work to do. 无论是谁得到这份工作都有很多事要做。 He knew the files could be of help to whoever took over the job. 他知道这些文件对任何一个接手这项工作的人都有用。 They should enjoy complete freedom to marry whomever they might desire. 她们应该享有完成自由，嫁给她们可能愿意嫁的人。 Talk to me about whatever is troubling you. 请跟我谈一下正在给你带来麻烦的事。 You must do whatever is best for you. 你必须做对你好处最大的事。 She would tell him whatever news she got. 她会告诉他她所得到的任何消息。The prize will go to whichever of you writes the best essay. 此奖将奖给你们中论文写得最好的人。 I will take whichever books you don’t want. 我要你不要的所有的书。 Take whichever seat you like. 你想坐那个座位就坐那个座位。 课堂练习：（1） 1. ___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 答案 D。当名词从句在句中作主语时，为避免句子头重脚轻，常用 it 作形式主语置于句首， 而将真正的主语从句放在句尾。此时 it 只起先行引导作用，本身无实义。此句也可以改写为:That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact. 2.A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do. A.how B.after C.what D.when 答案 C。从句子结构可知，句子的空白处应该填引导宾语从句的连词，做主句谓语动词 do 的宾语，同时该连接词还是从句中的 do 的宾语，因此，此处的连接词应该用 what。 3. He asked ____ for a violin.A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 答案:D。宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，句子语序要用陈述语序。 4. What the doctors really doubt is ____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. When B. how C. whether D. why 答案 C。这是一个表语从句。根据 doubt 一词可知，所怀疑的应是是否能治好病，所以要 填 whether。这句话的意思是"医生真的怀疑我妈妈是否能很快从重病中恢复过来。" 5.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____he or she wants. A. However B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 答案 B。根据句意"一般认为孩子要什么就给什么是不好的。"可以看出后面的从句应是一 个宾语从句，而从句中 wants 缺少宾语，A. however 和 D. whenever 是不能作宾语的;排除 A 和 D，whichever 表示"无论哪一个，无论哪些"，应表示一定范围内的人或物，此处没有涉及 事物的范围，所以应选 B.whatever，表示"无论什么"。 6. ______leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who 答案 C。本题句子的意思是:无论谁最后离开房间一定要把灯关掉。本题考查连接代词 whoever 引导的名词性从句，连接代词 whoever 可以引导名词性从句，并在从句中作主语，相 当于 any person who 或 The person who, 意为"一切……的人"。而 anyone 和 the person 均非连词， 不能引导从句，况 who leaves the room last 意为"某个最后离开房间的人"，与题意不符，如果 要选 A. Anyone 或 B. The person，都必须在它们后面再加上引导定语从句的关系代词 who。如 果要选 D. Who 就体现不出"无论谁"的含义了。 7. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______shares her interests. A. Anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who答案为 C。本题句子的意思是:Sarah 希望跟自己有共同爱好的人交朋友。疑问词+ever 引导 的名词性从句与 no matter+疑问词引导的从句的区别是:前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引 导让步状语从句;后者只能引导让步状语从句。首先排除 A 和 D，从句中需要的是主语，所以 whomever 也不行。 8. ---- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. ---- Is that ______ you had a few days off ? A. why B. what C. when D. where 答案 A。根据语境，甲说上周驱车去珠海观看航模展览。乙据此来询问甲这是否是请几天 假的原因，故答案是 A。答案 B,C, D 均与该题语境不符。根据上句提供的语境，下句应该问" 那就是你为什么离开几天的原因吗?" 9. I still remember ______ this used to be a quiet village. A. when B. how C. where D. what 答案 A。根据从句中缺少的句子成分是状语，排除 D.what，而答案 C, D 均与题意不符， 所以应选 A.when。used to be 表示一种过去存在的状态，本句的意思是"我仍然记得这里在什么 时候是个宁静的地方。" 10.I read about it in some book or other，does it matter ____ it was ? A.where B.what C.how D.which 答案 D。这是一个主语从句。主语从句中缺少表语。从上句的意思分析，应是哪本书，所 以要填 which，这句话的意思是"我在某本书中读到过有关这方面的内容，是哪一本书重要 吗?"。 11. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. While B. that C. when D. as 答案 B。该题考查 that 引导的同位语从句。同位语从句通常由 that 引导，接在 fact, news, promise, possibility, information, doubt, message 名词后，用来解释或说明名词的内容。 12. -I think it is going to be a big problem. -Yes, it could be. -I wonder ______ we can do about it. A. if B. how C. what D. that 答案 C。本题考察名词性从句的连接词的用法。wonder 后面应跟宾语从句，而从句中的谓 语动词 do 是及物动词，可见从句缺少一个代替宾语的成分，我们可以用排除法排除不作成分 的 if 和 that，再排除引导方式状语的 how，答案是 C，句子的意思是"我们能就此做些什么"。 课堂练习：（2） 1. _________makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. A. That B. What C. Who D. Which 考点：主语从句 解析：由于从句_________makes the book so extraordinary 中缺少主语，排除 A 选项。根据句 意“使这本书与众不同的是作者有创造性的想象力”可知，缺少的成分指物，所以排除 C 选 项，又因为从句没有选择性，所以排除 D 选项。故答案为 B。 2. The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _________ he could find about Mark Twain. A. wherever B. however C. whatever D. whichever 考点：介词宾语从句 解析：由于从句_________ he could find about Mark Twain 缺少宾语，排除 AB 选项。根据句 意“前几天新来的人去了图书馆，去寻找他所能找到的有关马克吐温的任何东西”可知，没有选择范围，排除 D 选项。故答案为 C。 3. Choosing the right dictionary depends on __________ you want to use it for. A. what B. why C. how D. whether 考点：介词宾语从句 解析：由于从句__________ you want to use it for 缺少宾语，排除 BCD 选项。故答案为 A。 4. As a new graduate, he doesn’t know ________it takes to start a business here. A. how B. what C. when D. which 考点：宾语从句 解析：由于从句________it takes to start a business here 中缺少宾语，排除 AC 选项。根据句 意“作为一名新的毕业生，他不知道在这儿开办一家公司需要具备什么”可知没有选择范围， 故排除 D。答案为 B 5. Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious ___________the problem itself is. A. what B. that C. which D. why 考点：主语从句之 it 作形式主语 解析：由于从句___________the problem itself is 缺少表语，排除 BD。根据句意“问题本身 是什么一定是很明显的”可知没有选择范围，排除 C。故答案为 A 6. Parents are taught to understand ______ important education is to their children’s future. A. that B. how C. such D. So 考点：宾语从句与感叹句综合 解析：整个从句______ important education is to their children’s future 为宾语从句，根据句意 “教育对于他们孩子的未来多么的重要”可知，这个主语从句恰好是一个感叹句，所以把 ACD 排除，可知答案为 B. 7. The companies are working together to create __________they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. A. which B. that C. what D. who 考点：宾语从句与插入语综合解析：由于从句__________they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century 缺少 主语，排除 B 选项。根据句意“这些公司一起合作是为了创造出 21 世纪最好的交通 方式”可知从句缺的成分指物，排除 D, 又由于没有选择范围，排除 A，故答案为 C。 这道题的难度是从句中有插入语 they hope, 分析时，把插入语去掉，主语更容易分析。 8. We promise ________attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever 考点：宾语从句 解析：由于从句________attends the party 缺少主语，排除 BD。根据句意“我们承诺，参加 派对的任何人都有一次与这位电影明星合影的机会。”可知，表示泛指任何人，故选 择 C。 9. __________one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it. A. Whoever B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Wherever 考点：主语从句 解析：根据句意“你们当中无论哪个打破窗户都必须赔偿”可知，此处有选择范围 you，故 选择 C。 10. It is obvious to the students ________ they should get well prepared for their future. A. as B. which C. whether D. that 考点：主语从句之 it 作形式主语 解析：由于从句________ they should get well prepared for their future 完整，故排除 AB。根据 句意“很明显学生应该为他们的未来做好准备”可知，答案为 D. 折叠练习 1. ________that they found an unusual plant in the forest. A. It is said B. They are said C. It said D. It says 答案 A:句型 It is said that+主语从句。类似的还有 It is believed that……etc 2. _____ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.A. What B. That C. How D. Where 答案 A:观察此从句缺少主语，而能在主语从句中即充当主语成分又引导的就只有 what 了 3. It worried Mary a lot _____ she would pass the college entrance examination. A. whether B. if C. that D. how 4. Shanghai has taken on a new look. It isn't like _____ it used to be . A .what B. how C. that D. which 5. ____ is no possibility ______ Bob will win the first prize in the match. A. There, that B. It, that C. There, whether D. It, whether 6. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ____ he had done the day before. A .that B. how C .what D. where 7. The old man smiled when he saw how pretty _____ up to be during the past few years. A. had his daughter grown B. would his daughter grow C. his daughter would grow D. his daughter had grown 8. Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to know _____. A. how she is getting along B. how is she getting along C. what she is getting along D. what is she getting along 9. ____surprised me most was _____such a little girl of seven could play the violin so well. A. That; what B. What; that C. That; that D. What; what 10. These wild flowers are so special I would do ______ I can to save them. A. Whatever B. which C. that D. whichever11. _____ helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. The person 12. Eat _____ you like and leave the others for _____ comes in late. A. any; who B. every; whoever C. whichever; whoever D. either; whoever 13. ___ she couldn't understand was _____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. What; why B. That; why C. What; because D. Why; that 14. It was ___ he said ___ disappointed me. A. What; that B. That; that C. What; what D. That;what 15. It was ordered that all the soldiers _______to the front. A. should send B. must be sent C. should be sent D. must go 16. The true value of life is not in ______, but _______. A. which we get; what give we B. what we get; what we give C. which do we get; what do we give D. how we get; that we give 17. We are all for your proposal that the discussion _______. A. be put off B. was put off C. should put off D. is to be put off 18. Go and get your coat.It's ____ you left it. A. where B. there C. here where D. where there19. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______ shares her interests. A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who 20. You can't imagine ______ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited Keys: 1---5 A A A A A 6---10 C D A B A 11----15 C C A A C 16---20 B A A C B