高考英语语法核心考点专项复习07：被动语态

高考英语语法核心考点专项复习 07：被动语态 被动语态属于动词的知识点，考察谓语动词的结构，也是高考的必考点。 本专题主要是从被动语态的意义、结构、怎样变被动语态、做题结构、难点和考点 来进行讲解，并配以习题练习。 动词的语态反映主语与谓语动词之间的一种关系。动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语 态。当句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者时，谓语动词用主动语态；当句子的主语 是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者时，谓语动词用被动语态。在主动语态中，句子通过谓语动 词的不同形式体现出不同的时态形式；被动语态由“助动词 be ＋ 过去分词”构成，不同的时态 通过 be 的不同形式体现。其被动语态构成方法与普通的及物动词的被动语态的构成方法相同。 一、被动语态的基本结构为：be+done 二、被动语态结构 各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构如下表（以动词 do 为例）： 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are+done 一般过去时 did was/were+done 现在进行时 am/is/are+doing am/is/are+beingdone 现在完成时 have/has+done have/has+been done 一般将来时 will/shall/be going to + do will/shall/be going to+be done 过去进行时 was/were+doing was/were+being done三、被动语态的用法 英语中，大多数情况下用主动语态比较简练、有力。但是，被动语态也有其特殊的用途， 它也是表达思想、描述事物的需要。人们通常在下列情况下使用被动语态： A. 不知道或不必说出动作的执行者 How is this word pronounced 这个单词怎么发音？ Scientists say that work is done whenever a force moves. 科学家们说，力移动时就做了功。 A greater number of magic English books will be published next year. 明年将有更多的魔法英语 书出版。 After war, everything had been destroyed. 战争结束后，一切都被毁坏了。 B. 强调动作的承受者 If you break the school rules, you will be punished. 如果你违反校规，你将受到惩罚。（强调you） A new Hope School will be opened in our village. 我们家乡将开办一所新的希望学校。（强调 a new Hope School） She is liked by everybody. 大家都喜欢她。 Xiao Li was elected monitor of the class. 小李被选为班长。 过去将来时 would/should/be going to+do would/should/be going to+be done 含有情态动词 can/may/must+do can/may/must+be done C. 动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物 The bridge was washed away by the flood. 桥被洪水冲走了。 We were shocked by the news of his death. 我们听到他的死讯极为震惊。 Many accidents were caused by careless driving. 许多事故都是开车不小心造成的。 D. 修辞的需要，为了使句子更加简练、匀称 He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. 他出现在舞台上，受到了 观众的热烈鼓掌。 The old professor gave a lecture on American history and was well received. 这位老教授作了一 个有关美国历史的讲座，受到大家的热烈欢迎。 I was shown round the school campus by Sean, who had entered the school just a year before. 肖 恩带我参观了校园，他去年刚进这所学校。 E. 为了表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作执行者或说话者自己 You've been told many times not to make the same mistake. 你已被多次告知不要犯同样的错误。 Everybody is expected to obey the following rules. 希望大家遵守以下规定。 The control room may not be entered without permission. 非经许可，勿入控制室。 F. 科技文献中为了客观地描述事情及其过程 The film is coated with light-sensitive chemicals, which are changed by the different shades and colors of light. 胶卷上涂了一层感光的化学物质，这些物质因光的不同色度与颜色而改变。 G. 新闻报道中为了体现新闻的客观性 The west-east gas pipeline project was kicked off on July 4, a big event in the nation's west development campaign. 西气东输工程 7 月 4 日全线开工，这是国家西部开发战略的一件大事。 H．有些动词习惯上常用被动语态 He was born in this city. 他出生在这个城市。 The school is situated in the suburbs. 这所学校位于郊外。 注意： 被动语态中的 by 短语通常可以省去。但如果 by 短语是句子的重点所在，或者没有 by 短语 全句的意思不完整时，则要保留 by 短语。 The vegetables didn't taste very good. They had been cooked too long. 蔬菜的味道不好，烧的时 间太长了。（不需要动作的执行者） He arrived at the airport, where he was met by his friend. 他到达了机场并受到朋友的迎接。（没 有 by his friend，句子的意思不完整） Everybody was cast down by such news as that. 大家都被那种消息搞得很沮丧。（需要 by 短语） 四、主动语态和被动语态的转换 1．主动语态变为被动语态 （1）要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾语变 成主格。 （2）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变成宾格，并用 by 引导。 （3）谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。 主动语态： 动作执行者+谓语动词主动形式+动作承受者 被动语态： 动作承受者+谓语动词被动形式+动作执行者 如：We asked him to sing an English song．(变为被动语态) →He was asked to sing an English song by us．A. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 “主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”结构中只有一个宾语，变为被动语态时，将宾语变为主语： They will discuss the plan at the meeting. 他们将在会议上讨论这个问题。 -- The plan will be discussed at the meeting. 这个问题将在会议上讨论。 In the past the king possessed great wealth. 过去国王拥有巨大的财富。 In the past great wealth was possessed by the king. 过去，巨大的财富为国王所拥有。 B. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 在这个句型中，谓语动词跟有两个宾语。变成被动语态时，一般将通常指人的间接宾语转化 成主语，但有时也可将指物的间接宾语转化成主语： We gave the student some books. 我们给了这个学生几本书。 -- The student was given some books. 这个学生被给了几本书。 -- Some books were given to the student. 几本书被给了这个学生。 His father bought him a computer last week. 上周他父亲给他买了一台电脑。 -- He was bought a computer by his father last week. 上周他父亲给他买了一台电脑。 -- A computer was bought for him by his father last week. 上周他父亲给他买了一台电脑。 注意：用直接宾语作被动语态的主语时，通常要在间接宾语前加上适当的介词(如 to, for, of 等)，以加强间接宾语的语气。 They awarded him the Nobel Prize. 他们授予他诺贝尔奖。 -- The Nobel Prize was awarded（to）him. 诺贝尔奖被授予给他。 The host had caught us some fish. 主人给我们捉了一些鱼。 Some fish had been caught for us by the host. 主人给我们捉了一些鱼。（for 不可省） C. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 在这个句型中，谓语动词后有一个宾语和一个宾语补足语，变成被动语态时，宾语转化成主 语，宾语补足语也随之变为主语补足语： All the villagers painted the houses white. 所有村民都把房子涂成了白色。 -- The houses were painted white by all the villagers. 房子都被所有的村民都涂成了白色。 They kept us waiting for a long time. 他们让我们等了很长时间。 -- We were kept waiting for a long time. 我们等了很长时间。 We regarded him as the best doctor in town. 我们认为他是城里最好的医生。 -- He was regarded as the best doctor in town. 他被认为是城里最好的医生。 注意： 有些使役动词和感官动词,如 make, see, hear, watch, notice, observe, listen to 等，在主动结构中 跟不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语，在变为被动结构时，不定式应加上 to。 We heard him say good-bye to his friends. 我们听见他向朋友们道别。 He was heard to say good-bye to his friends. 他被听到向朋友们道别。 D. 含有情态动词的主动句变被动句 含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态时，用“情态动词+ be done”构成。 情态动词 Can could May might must Have had to Will would Shall should ought to 主动形式 Can could do May might do must do Have had to do Will would do Shall should do ought to do 被动形式 Can could be done May might be done must be done Have had to be done Will would be done Shall should be done ought to be done The machine must be operated with care. 这机器必须小心操作。 Such a sentence ought not to be used here. 这个句子不应该用在这里。 What's done cannot be undone. 覆水难收。 People had to be reminded of the danger that night. 那天晚上必须提醒人们当心危险。 E. 含有“be going to do”和“be to do”等结构的主动句变被动句 含有“be going to do 和 be to do 等结构的谓语动词，变成被动语态时，分别用“be going to + be done”和“be to + be done”。在这两种结构中，be 只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种形式。 The problem is going to be discussed at the meeting. 这个问题将在会上讨论。 This new film is to be shown on TV next week. 这部新片下周将在电视上放映。 F．含有宾语从句的主动句变被动句 带有宾语从句的句子变成被动语态时，通常用 it 来作为被动句的形式主语，宾语从句保留不 变。 They said that he had gone abroad to study English. 他们说他出国学英语去了。 -- It was said that he had gone abroad to study English. 据说他出国学英语去了。 We haven't decided when we should go camping. 我们还未决定什么时候去野营。 -- It hasn't been decided when we should go camping. 什么时候去野营尚未决定。 提示： 带有宾语从句的句子变成被动语态时，为了简练，还可把从句的主语变为被动句的主语，从句的谓语部分还可以变为不定式短语。 We believed that he would succeed. 我们相信他会成功。 -- He was believed to succeed. 人们相信他会成功。 Father expected that I should become an engineer. 父亲希望我成为工程师。 -- I was expected (by my father) to become an engineer. （父亲）希望我成为工程师。 G．祈使句的被动语态 肯定的祈使句的被动语态结构是：Let + 宾语 + be + 过去分词；否定的祈使句的被动语态结 构是：Don't + let + 宾语 + be + 过去分词（或 Let + 宾语 + not + be + 过去分词）。 Move the desks into the corridor. -- Let the desks be moved into the corridor. 把课桌搬到走廊去。 Don't trust her. -- Don't let her be trusted. -- Let her not be trusted. 不要相信她。 H. 动词短语构成的被动语态 一般情况下，只有及物动词才能跟宾语，而不及物动词不能跟宾语，所以只有及物动词才 有被动语态，不及物动词则没有被动语态。但有些不及物动词后面跟上介词或副词后，变成一 个动词短语，相当于一个及物动词，因此就可以有被动语态。 The nurses in this hospital look after the patients very well. -- The patients are well looked after by the nurses in this hospital. 病人在这所医院里被护士们照 料得很周到。 They have put off the meeting till next Saturday. -- The meeting has been put off till next Saturday. 会议已推迟到下周六了。 注意： 在使用被动语态时，千万不要遗漏句末的介词或副词。 Such a bad habit should be got rid of. 这样的坏习惯应该改掉。 All the important matters have now been attended to. 所有重要的事情都得到了处理。 I. 双重被动结构 双重被动结构指的是句中谓语动词和其后的不定式均为被动结构，句子的主语既是谓语动 词的承受者，同时又是不定式动作的承受者。 They asked us to discuss the problem at once. -- We were asked to discuss the problem at once. -- The problem was asked to be discussed at once. 这个问题被要求立刻讨论。（双重被动） She offered to buy a recorder for me. -- A recorder was offered to be bought for me. 有人提出要帮我买一台录音机。（双重被动） The teacher ordered that we should take the desk away. -- The desk was ordered to be taken away. 课桌被要求搬走。（双重被动） J．下列句子变成被动语态时，要用 with，不用 by Smoke filled the meeting room. 烟充满了会议室。 The meeting room was filled with smoke. 会议室里充满了烟。 A cloth covered the table. 一块布把桌子罩了起来。 The table was covered with a cloth. 桌子上铺着一块布。 K．不能变为被动语态的结构 1．受动词的限制 ①表示状态的及物动词，只能用于主动语态。 某些表示状态的及物动词，如 have, own, cost, lack, want (缺乏), become (适合), fit, resemble, fail, last, flee, benefit, hold 等作谓语时，不能变为被动句。 She resembles her mother. 她像她妈妈。 He lacks self-confidence. 他缺乏自信。 This hall can hold 2,000 people. 这个大厅能容纳两千人。 ②当及物动词 have 表示“吃饭”、“患病”、“明白”、“知道”等意思时，没有被动语态形式。 Would you have a cup of tea 你要喝杯茶吗？ She had a bad cold yesterday, and now she is feeling much better. 昨天她得了重感冒，现在好多了。 ③当动词 get，take 表示“懂得”、“知道”，owe 表示“欠”，cost 表示“使失去(生命、健康等)” 的意思时，动词没有相应的被动语态。 Do you get me 你明白我的意思吗？ How do you take this passage 这段话你怎么理解？ I owe 50 pounds to you. 我欠你五十英镑。 His careless driving cost his life. 他粗心的驾驶使他丧了命。 2．受宾语的限制 ①当宾语是相互代词、反身代词或具有类似相互代词的关系时，动词不能用于被动语态形式。 They simply cannot contain themselves for joy. 他们简直无法抑制内心的喜悦。 He absented himself from a meeting yesterday. 他昨天缺席会议了。 For years the two sisters looked after one another. 多年来两姐妹互相照顾。 ②当宾语前带有主语的形容词性物主代词时，谓语动词通常不能转换为被动语态。 I could not believe my eyes when I saw him still alive. 看到他还活着，我简直不相信自己的眼睛。 The doctor shook his head and then went out without any words. 医生摇了摇头，一句话也没说 就出去了。 注意： 动词的宾语是身体的一部分，一般不可变为被动语态，但也有例外。 He fixed his eyes on the oil painting. 他注视着这幅油画。 -- His eyes were fixed on the oil painting. 他的两眼注视着这幅油画。 ③当宾语起状语作用，表示数量、重量、大小或程度时，不能用被动语态。 This kind of dictionary costs ten dollars. 这种字典价值十美元。 The case weighs twenty kilos. 这箱子重二十公斤。 ④当宾语是同源宾语时，通常不能转换成被动语态。 He laughed a hearty laugh. 他由衷地笑了笑。 She dreamt a sweet dream. 她做了一个美梦。 ⑤如果宾语是动词不定式或动词的-ing 形式时，谓语动词一般不能变换成被动语态。 He admitted having done wrong. 他承认做错了。 He has decided to go and study abroad. 他已决定出国留学。 ⑥如果 enter, leave, reach 的宾语是地点、国家机关等，不能改为被动语态 He left the army in 1998. 他 1998 年退伍。 She entered the hall at once. 她立刻就进入了大厅。 ⑦另外，不可拆开的短语动词，如 take place, lose heart, belong to, consist of, change colour 等， 也不能改为被动语态。 The book belongs to me. 这本书是我的。 She caught a very bad cold. 她患了重感冒。 必背：一些常见的不能变为被动语态的动宾词组 catch a cold 感冒 eat one's words 食言 lose heart 丧失信心 lose patience 失去耐心 make a face 做鬼脸 make up one's mind 决心 make bed 铺床 make room for 为……腾出地方 keep watch 守望 keep silence 保持安静 speak one's mind 表明见解 take place 发生 take one's time 从容不迫，别着急 take office 就职 take one's leave 请假 take notes 作笔记 take up arms 拿起武器 take one's place 就位 ⑧含有 would rather 或情态动词 dare 的句子，不能改为被动语态。 I would rather do it now. 我宁可现在就干这件事。 He dare not do it. 他不敢干那件事。 五、被动语态中常用的介词 1．by 表示动作的执行者或施加者 By whom is the book written 这本书是谁写的？ The children were driven indoors by the rain. 孩子们被雨赶进了室内。 2．with 表示用某种工具 The wolf was killed with a gun. 狼被枪打死了。 The field was spread with wild flowers. 田野里野花遍地。 3．from 表示源于某种物质（看不出原材料） Good wine is made from grain. 好酒是粮食制成的。 4．of 表示用某种材料制成（看得出原材料） The table is made of wood. 这张桌子是用木头做的。 5．其他介词 You are wanted on the phone. 有电话找你。 He is known to everybody. 大家都认识他。 She was caught in the rain. 她遭雨淋了。 注意： 动作执行者可以由介词 by 引出的短语表示，但被动语态句子中的 by 短语并不总是表示动 作执行者。 A policeman is known by the clothes he wears. 警察可以通过他的服装辨认出来。（by 表示方式） He was much flattered by her asking him to dinner. 她邀请他吃晚饭，他受宠若惊了。（by 表示原因） The snow was piled high by the gate. 门口雪堆积得很高。（by 表示地点） 六、主动形式表示被动意义 英语中有些结构形式上是主动的，而表达的意义却是被动的。 A．某些不及物动词的被动意义 英语中一般只有及物动词才用于被动语态，不及物动词不用于这种结构。但有些时候， 某些不及物动词，其主动形式含有被动的意义。 When did the accident occur 事故是什么时候发生的？ Ice-cream always goes well in hot weather. 冰淇淋在暑天销路好。 Does life exist on the moon 月球上存在着生命吗？ B．一些表示“开始”、“结束”意思的动词 Class begins at eight. 八点钟开始上课。 The meeting ended up with warm applause. 会议在热烈的掌声中结束了。 C．一些表示“运转”意义的动词 The machine runs well. 机器运转良好。 His voice records well. 他的音录下来很好。 D．当 read, write, translate 等动词与表示行为方式的状语连用时 动词 read, write, translate, act, add, wash, wear, cook, lock, sell, tear, cut, keep, feel, burn, strike, last 等常和表示行为方式的状语连用，表示被动意义。这些动词既是及物动词又是不及物 动 词。当主语是人时，是及物动词；当主语是物时，是不及物动词，即 用主动形式表示被动 意义。 The book sells well. 这书的销路很好。 My pen writes smoothly. 我的笔很好写。 The play reads more easily than acts. 这剧本易读不易演。 提示： 这些动词常和情态动词（多半是否定式）连用，表示被动。 His car can't move. 他的车不能开了。 E．表示状态特征的连系动词的被动意义 有些表示状态特征的连系动词，如 look, smell, taste, sound, prove, appear, turn out 等主动形式 表示被动意义。 Good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。 What he said proved to be correct. 他的话证明是正确的。 The flowers smell sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。 Your sentence doesn't sound right. 你这话听起来不大对头。 F．一些动词的进行时态可以表示一个被动的动作 The meat is cooking. 肉正在烧。 The book is printing. 这本书正在印刷之中。 G．有些作表语的不定式，在结构上是主动的，但在意义上却是被动的 She is to blame. 她应该受到责备。 The house is to let. 此房出租。 七、被动形式表示主动意义 英语的被动形式表示主动的意义，主要见于状态被动语态句中。一般说来有以下几种情况。 A．反身动词的被动形式表示主动意义 反身动词（及物动词+反身代词）作谓语时，其宾语反身代词，表示动作返回到执行者 本身，主语既是动作的执行者，又是动作的承受者。由于反身动词具有这一特点，在被动结 构中动作的承受者，也就是动作的执行者，在句中表现出主动的意义。 He seats himself at the back of the classroom. 他坐在教室的后面。 -- He is seated at the back of the classroom. 他坐在教室的后面。 He lost himself in the forest. -- He was lost in the forest. 他在森林中迷了路。 He dressed himself in a dark blue suit. -- He was dressed in a dark blue suit. 他穿着一套深蓝色的衣服。 注意： 有些介词短语作定语或表语时，也有被动的含义。 The tall building under repair is an office building. 正在修建的那座高楼是一座办公楼。 The result is nnow under consideration. 结果现在正在考虑中。 个别介词短语用冠词时表示被动的意义，不用冠词表示主动意义。 The children are in the charge of this nurse. 孩子们由这位护士照管。 This nurse is in charge og the children. 这位护士负责照看孩子们。 B．“引起……感情”等动词的被动形式表主动意义 The teacher is satisfied with what he said. 老师对他所说的感到满意。 We are opposed to unjust wars. 我们反对非正义的战争。 We are prepared to accept his proposal. 我们准备采纳他的建议。 He was tired with playing all day. 玩了一整天他感到很疲倦了。 C．某些表示定位、移位的动词 The earth is tilted a little. 地球有点儿倾斜。 Hundreds of soldiers were stationed around the prison. 数百个士兵驻扎在监狱周围。 The village is located at the foot of a hill. 这个村庄坐落在山脚下。 D．不及物动词的-ed 形式与 be 连用表示主动意义 Spring is come. 春天来了。 The moon was set and it was very dark. 月亮落了，天很黑。 He is advanced in years. 他年纪很大了。 E．表示终止动词的-ed 形式 He is done with it. 他做完了这件事。 My fever is gone, but I still have a cough. 我的烧已经退了，但还有点儿咳嗽。 F．一些习惯用法 He was graduated from Beijing University. 他毕业于北大。 You are mistaken. 你弄错了。 He is retired. 他退休了。 G．被动的祈使句 Do be seated. 请坐！ Be prepared, please. 请准备好。 Get washed. 洗吧。 巩固练习 Ⅰ. 用所给动词的正确形式填空： 1. ___________ (ask) to give a performance, she felt embarrassed, but people kept on. 2. He disliked _________________ (interrupt) in his experiment. 3. _________________ (give) such a good chance, you should catch it. 4. I didn’t mind __________ (leave) at home, for I could read the novel in bed. 5. The house we’re going to move in wants _______ (clean). 6. He came in without ___________ (ask), which made his boss angry. 7. There was a terrible noise _______ (follow) the sudden burst of light. 8. I heard of his ______________ (choose) to be the coach of the team. 9. I saw the boy _________ (question) by a policeman in the teachers’ office now. 10. This problem requires _______ (study) with great care. Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示用非谓语动词完成下列句子。 1. 我真的无法忍受他的指责。I really can’t stand ___________ by him. 2. 很久没见到她，我很想念她。 ___________ her for ages, I miss her very much. 3. 他们正在讨论的是什么话题？ What’s the subject _______________? 4. 他们中有些人因为生长在乡村，从未看过轮船。 Some of them, _____________ in rural villages, had never seen a ship. 5. 医生提醒病人手术后不要吃油腻的食物。 The patient was warned __________ oily food after operation. 6. 下班后别忘记关灯。 Don’t forget _________　the lights after work. 7. 我后悔没听老师的忠告。 I regret ＿＿＿＿＿＿ the teacher’s advice. 8. 很抱歉我犯了一个愚蠢的错误。 I’m sorry ___________ a silly mistake. 9. 挨了老师的批评后，他感到很郁闷。 ________________, he felt very depressed. 10. 他走出房间，身后跟着他忠实的小狗。 He went out of the room, ________ his honest little dog. Ⅲ. 单项选择。 1．________the programme，they have to stay there for another two weeks． 　　A. Not completing 　　　　　　B．Not completed　　C. Not having completed 　　　 D．Having not completed 2．Tony was very unhappy for ________to the party． 　　A．having not been invited 　　 B．not having invited 　　C．having not invited　　　　 D．not having been invited 3. “We can’t go out in this weather，”said Bob，________out of the window． 　　A．1ooking 　　　B．to look　　　 C．looked　　　 D．having looked 4. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent __________ at the end of last March. 　A．has been launched　　　　 B．having been launched 　C．being launched 　　　　　 D．to be launched 5. ________the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement． 　A．The president will attend 　　　B．The president to attend 　C．The president attended　　　　 D．The president’s attending 6. Having been attacked by terrorists，________． 　A．doctors came to their rescue 　 　B．the tall building collapsed 　C．an emergency measure was taken D．warnings were given to tourists 7. The discovery of new evidence led to ________． 　A．the thief having caught 　　　 B．catch the thief 　C．the thief being caught　　　　 D．the thief to be caught 8. Though ________money，his parents managed to send him to university． 　A．lacked　　　 B．lacking of　　　 C．lacking　　　 D．lacked in 9．In some parts of London，missing a bus means ________for another hour． 　A．waiting 　　　B．to wait 　　　C．wait　　　 D．to be waiting 10. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _____some schools for poor children． 　A. set up 　　　 B．setting up 　　C．have set up　D．having set up 11. ---How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? 　 ---The key________ the problem is to meet the demand _______by the customers． 　A．to solving；making　　　　 B．to solving；made 　C．to solve；making 　　　　 　 D．to solve；made 12. The flowers _________sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature． 　A．to smell　　 B．smelling　　　 C．smelt 　　　D．to be smelt 13. Dina, ________ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. 　A. struggling 　　　 B. struggled　　 C. having struggled 　D. to struggle 14. Recently a survey _______ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. 　 A．compared 　 　B．comparing 　 C．compares 　 　D．being compared 15. ___ many times, the boy still didn’t know how to do the exercises. A. Having taught B. Having been taught C. taught D. Teaching 16. The government forbids ______ such bad books. 　　A. published 　　 B. to publish 　　 C. publish 　　　 D. publishing 17．______ the railway station, we had a break, only ______ the train had left. 　　A. Arriving at; to find 　　　　　 B. Coming to; discovering that 　　C. On arriving at; finding out　　 D. Hurrying to; to have found out 18. With the boy ______ the way, we had no trouble ______ the way ______ to Zhongshan Park. 　　A. leading; finding; leading 　 　 B. to lead; found; to lead 　　C. led; finding; led 　　　　　　 D. leading; found; led 19．______ these pictures, I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing and ______ from the top of a thirty- storeyed building, Beijing looks more beautiful. 　　A. Seeing; seen 　 B. Seen; seeing 　　C. Seeing; seeing 　　 D. Seen; seen 20. I can hardly imagine Peter ______ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. 　　A. to have sailed　　　 B. to sail 　　　C. sailing 　　　 D. sail 21. If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air ______ against your face. 　　A. moved　　　 B. moving 　　　 C . moves 　　　 D. to move 22. --- What made Bill so angry? --- ________. His girlfriend promised to come at 8:30, but she hasn’t come yet. A. Having kept waiting B. Being kept waiting C. To have been kept waiting D. Being kept waited 23. While shopping, people sometimes can’t help ______ into buying something they don’t really need. A. to persuaded B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded 24. He has always insisted on his ______ Dr Turner instead of Mr Turner. A. been called B. called C. having called D. being called 25. Do you mind ______ alone at home? A. Jane leaving B. Jane having left C. Jane’s being left D. Jane to be left 答案与解析： Ⅰ. 用所给动词的正确形式填空： 1. Being asked 2. being interrupted 3. Having been given 4. being left 5. cleaning 6. being asked 7. following 8. having been chosen 9. being questioned 10. studying 疑难解析： 1. 因为人们不停地请她演个节目，她感到很尴尬。“被邀请”的动作是与“感觉尴尬”同时发生的， 而且从下文可知，动作还没有完成，所以可以用现在分词的被动态的一般式表示正在进行。 Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示用非谓语动词完成下列句子。 1.being blamed。stand 表示“忍受”，只接动词-ing 形式作宾语。 2.Not having seen。see 的动作是主语 I 做的，是主动关系，而且强调在谓语 miss 以前已 经完成，用动词-ing 形式的完成式。 3.being discussed by them。 4.born and brought up。“出生、长大”两个动作与句子主语 Some of them 是被动关系（be born, 被养大），且已经完成，所以用过去分词作非限制性定语。因为不强调已经完成， 不需要用 having been done。 5.not to eat。warn 后必须用不定式作宾语补足语。 6.to turn off。表示“忘记要做某事”用 forget to do。 7.not having followed/ not following。regret doing/ having done 表示后悔做过某事 8.to have made。sorry 后接不定式，且 make 在谓语动作前已经完成，所以用不定式的完成 式。 9.（Having been）Criticized by the teacher。criticize（批评）与主语 he 是被动关系，且已经 完成，所以可以用过去分词。如果强调已经完成，也可以用动词-ing 形式的完成式。 10. followed by。follow 与 He 是被动关系，但是与谓语动作 went 同时进行，因为不强调 正在进行，用过去分词表示模糊时间。 Ⅲ. 单项选择。 1. C。此题考查-ing 形式的否定形式的构成，排除选项 D；根据-ing 形式与句子主语的主动关 系，排除 B；根据句子的意思，没有完成计划的动作应发生在 have to stay 动作之前， 故答案选 C。2. D。invite 与Tony 构成动宾关系，所以要用动词-ing 形式的被动结构 (not having been invited)。 not 要放在-ing 形式的前面，排除选项 A 和 C。 3．A。动词-ing 形式一般式表伴随，Bob 说话的同时往窗口外望；B 表示未发生的动作；C 表 示完成；D 表示动作发生在 said 之前，都不符题意，故答案选 A。 4. B。从 at the end of last March 看出 launch（发射）的动作已经完成，而且与逻辑主语 the most recent（指最近发射的那艘不载人飞船）是被动关系，所以用 B。 5. D。从句子结构来看，句子中已经有谓语，故选项 A 排除；选项 B 为即将亲自参加会议的总 统给他们鼓舞，讲不通；选项 C 中的 attended 若作谓语，则与句子结构矛盾，若作过去 分词，又与前面的“总统”的主动关系矛盾；因此 D 正确。句意：总统亲自出席这次会议 这件事给了他们莫大的鼓舞，The president’s 是 attending 的逻辑主语。 6. B。过去分词和动词-ing 形式作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。由前面动词-ing 形式的语态可知，句子的主语应该是 the tall building，因此选 B。 7. C。 lead to 中 to 是介词，后面跟名词或动词-ing 形式，B、D 被排除；the thief 是动词-ing 形式逻辑上的主语，构成动词-ing 形式的复合结构，与 catch 之间应是被动关系，故排 除 A。 8. C。lack 是及物动词，后接宾语 money。his parents 与 lack 是主动关系，要用动词-ing 形式 作状语。句意：虽然缺钱，他的父母亲还是想法让他上了大学。 9. A。mean doing sth．的意思是“意味着做某事”。mean to do sth．的意思是“打算做什么”。句 意：在英国的某些地方，赶不上公共汽车意味着要再等一小时。 10. B。devote sth．to 后接动词-ing 形式作宾语，即 devote sth. to doing sth．。all 是 devoted 的宾 语，he had 是定语从句，修饰 all。句意：利德先生决定用自己所有的一切为贫困儿童建 造几所学校。 11. B。key 后的 to 是介词，后接动词-ing 形式；过去分词短语 made by the customers 作 demand 的定语。make 与 demand 是动宾关系，用过去分词。句意：解决问题的关键是满足顾客 的要求。 12. B。动词-ing 形式作定语，说明 smell 的动作和谓语动作 attract 同时进行。此处的 smell 是 不及物动词，意为“闻起来”，不能用于被动形式或过去分词。 13. C。句子已有谓语 took 了，所以要用非谓语动词作时间状语；不定式一般作目的状语或在 某些结构中作结果、原因状语；struggle 这一动作在谓语动作之前发生，且与逻辑主语 Dina 是主动关系，所以用动词-ing 形式的完成式。过去分词一般表示完成和被动。14. B。句中已经有谓语 has caused，所以 compare 要用非谓语形式，其逻辑主语 a survey 与 compare 是主动关系，注意 compare 有自己的宾语“prices...”，用动词-ing 形式的一般式 作定语。 15. B。the boy 和动词 teach 是被动关系，而且 teach 在谓语动词前完成，所以用动词-ing 形式 的完成时的被动语态作让步状语。 16. D。forbid 后接动词-ing 形式作宾语。 17. A。only 接 to do 作结果状语，表示出乎预料的结果，且 find 是在谓语动作“had a break”之 后完成，用不定式的一般式；动词 arrive 要作时间状语，与主语 we 是主动关系，用-ing 形式，所以第一空用四个选项中的形式都不错。on+doing 表示“一......就......”。 18. A。第一空：lead 要作介词 with 的宾语的补足语，和宾语是主动关系，所以用 leading； 第 二空：have (no) trouble doing sth. 做某事（没）有麻烦；第三空：lead（通向）是不及物 动词，此处不表示已经完成，表示一般时间，所以用-ing 形式作定语。 19. A。see 在第一空中，与逻辑主语 I 是主动关系，用 seeing；see 在第二空与逻辑主语 Beijing 是被动关系，用 seen。 20. C。imagine 要接动词-ing 形式作宾语，句中 Peter 是 sailing 的逻辑主语，因为不在句首， 可省略 ’s。 21. B。move 是 feel 的宾语 the air 的补足语，与宾语是主动关系，用 moving。 22. B。keep doing 表示“保持做某事的状态”；keep him waiting 是 Bill 的女朋友做的，所以与 Bill 是被动关系，而且从下文可知此动词还在进行，所以用动词-ing 形式的一般式的被动语 态，作第一句答语的主语，后面省略了“made Bill so angry”。 23. C。can’t help doing sth. 表示“禁不住做某事”，而动词 persuade 与“购物的人们”是被动关系， 且与谓语动词同时发生，所以用动词-ing 形式的一般式的被动语态。 24. D。insist on 要接动词-ing 形式作宾语；call 与其逻辑主语 his（他）是被动关系，且表示一 般状况，所以用动词-ing 形式的一般式的被动语态。句意：他坚持大家叫他特纳医生， 而不是特纳先生。 25. C。mind 后接动词-ing 形式作宾语，排除 D；leave 与其逻辑主语 Jane 是被动关系，且在谓 语动词 mind 之后发生，所以用一般式的被动语态。排除 A、B；名词 Jane 要作逻辑主 语，且不是状语，要用所有格或宾格（名词的主格、宾格一般是一样的）。