高考英语语法核心考点专项复习06：时态

高考英语语法核心考点专项复习 06：时态 时态是英语学习的基础，高考的重点。时态考察的本质是动词结构，英语是一门动词的语 言，动词是重中之重。时态需要掌握：动词结构、时间状语、动词变形和考点。 1. 一般现在时 (do/does; is/am/are) ①表示现在的情况、状态和特征。 例:He is a student. 他是一个学生。 ② 表示经常性、习惯性动作。 例:He always helps others. 他总是帮助别人。 ③ 客观事实和普遍真理。 例:The earth moves the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 ④ 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。(常用于列车、客车、飞机或轮船时刻 表) 例:The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon. 下一趟火车今天下午 3 点开车。⑤ 主将从现:在时间、条件和让步状语从句中经常用一般现在表示将的来事情。 例:If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. 如果明天下雨，我们会待在家里。 2. 现在进行时(am/is/are doing) ①表示此时此刻正在发生的事情。 例:He is listning to the music now. 他现在正在听音乐。 ②表示目前一段时间内一直在做的事情，但不一定此时此刻正在做。 例:I am studying computer this term. 这个学期我一直在学习计算机。 ③现在进行时可以表示将来的含义。 瞬时动词的进行一定表将来。 例: I am leaving. 我要离开了。 持续动词的进行只有有将来的时间状语或有将来语境中才表将来。 例: I am travelling next month. 下个月我要去旅行。④现在进行时与频度副词连用，表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩。 例: He is always helping others. 他总是帮助别人。(褒义) 3. 过去进行时(was/ were doing) ①表示在过去一个具体的时间正在发生的动作。 例:Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago. 10 分钟前，玛丽正在听轻音乐。 ②表示过去某个时间段内一直在发生的事情。 例:I was travelling in London last summer vacation. 去年暑假我在伦敦旅行。 ③过去进行时可以表示过去将来的含义。 瞬时动词的过去进行时一定表示过去将来的含义。 例:Then she said she was leaving. 然后她说她要离开了。 持续动词的过去进行时只有在有过去将来的时间状语或过去将来的语境下才能表示过去 将来。 例:She said that she was travelling the next day. 她说她第二天要去旅行。④过去进行时和频度副词连用可以表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩。 例:When he lived in country，he was always helping the poor. 住在乡下时，他总是帮助穷人。 4. 一般将来时 ①基本结构是 will do。 例:We will send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift. 我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品，作为给她的生日礼物。 ②表示“打算…，要…”时，可用 am/is/are going to do。 例:This is just what I am going to say. 这正是我想说的。 ③ 表示“即将、正要”时，可用 am/is/are about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事。 例:Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you. 别担心，我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。 ④"be to do"的 2 种用法: a) 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。 例:She is to be seen in the lab on Monday. 星期一你准会在实验室见到她。b) 该做或不该做的事情(语气上接近于 should, must, ought to, have to)，表示一种命令、 规劝性语气。 例:You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes. 孩子们，你们必须 上床睡觉，不准吵闹。我们的客人 5 分钟之内就要到了。 5. 将来进行时(will be doing) 强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或存在的状态。 例:Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time. 别担心，你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的 T 恤衫和一条白色的短裙。 6. 过去将来时(would do) 表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。 例:I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day. 我星期四说我将于第二天拜访我的朋友。 7.过去将来进行时:( would be doing ) 强调在过去将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或存在的状态。 例:The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July. 政府承诺说第二年 7 月将有一条新的高速公路正在修建。8. 一般过去时 (did; was/were) ①表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。 例:I bought some fruits yesterday. 我昨天买了一些水果。 ②表示过去习惯性动作。 would/ used to do:过去常常...... 例:The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody. 老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上，看着其他的人，一坐就是数个小时，什 么也不干，也不和任何人交谈。 He used to visit his mother once a week. 他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。 9. 现在完成时(have/has done) ①表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成，强调对现在产生的影响。 例:I bought a new house, but I haven't sold my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses. 我买了一所新房子，但是还没有卖掉旧的，所以现在我又两所房子。 ②表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此 时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用 since 加一个过去的时间点，或 for 加一段时间，或 by 加一个现在时间。 例:Great as Newton was, many of his ideas have been challenged today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time. 虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物，但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战，并且被现代科学家 的工作所修正。 10. 现在完成进行时(have/has been doing) 表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来。 例:We have been working on this project for over a month now. 到目前为止，我们一直在处理那个项目，已经花了一个多月时间了。 11. 过去完成时(had done) ①表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经完成的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说 的"过去的过去"。 Until then, his family hadn't heard from him for six months. 到那时为止，他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了。 ②表示从过去的过去开始，持续到过去的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此 时经常用延续性动词。 By the time I left the school, he had taught the class for 3 years. 到我毕业时,他已经教那个班三年了.12.过去完成进行时:had been doing 表示从过去的过去开始，持续到过去的动作或情况，期间一直有规律的在进行、不曾间 断，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。 例:The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home. 我回到家之前，我 10 岁大的儿子已经把这个旧钟表拆卸并重新组装了好几回了。 13.过去将来完成时:(would have done) 表示到过去将来某一时间已经完成的动作，并且对过去将来那一时间点产生影响。 例:I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong. 我坚信到那年年底为止，那个软件的新版本将被开发出来。但是我错了。 表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去将来某一时间，并且有可能继续延续下去。 例:He told me that by the end of the year he would have lived there for thirty years. 他告诉我，到那年年底为止他将已经在那里住了三十年了。 14.过去将来完成进行时:(would have been doing) 表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去将来某一时间，期间一直有规律在进行、 不曾间断，并且有可能继续延续下去。 例:They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years. 他们说到第二个月底为止，这项工程就已经不停地进行了 3 年了。15. 将来完成时(will have done) ①表示一个动作到将来某个时间为止已经完成，强调对将来那个时间产生的影响。 例:Pick me up at 8 o'clock,I will have had breakfast by then. 早上 8 点钟你来接我,到时我已经吃完早饭了. ②表示一个动作延续到将来某个时间，并且有可能继续延续下去。 例:The conference will have lasted a full week by the time it ends. 会议从开始到结束将持续整整一个星期。 16.将来完成进行时:(will have been doing) 表示一个动作延续到将来某个时间，期间一直有规律在进行、不曾间断，并且有可能继 续延续下去。 例:By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years. 到下个月底为止，这项工程就已经不停地进行了 3 年了。1. —You haven’t said a word about my new coat，Brenda.Do you like it? —I’m sorry I ________ anything about it sooner.I certainly think it’s pretty on you. A.wasn’t saying　　　　　　　 B.don’t say C.won’t say D.didn’t say 2.I wonder why Jenny ________us recently.We should have heard from her by now. A.hasn’t written B.doesn’t write C.won’t write D.hadn’t written 3.—When will you come to see me，Dad? —I will go to see you when you ________ the training course. A.will have finished B.will finish C.are finishing D.finish 4.—How long ________ at this job? —Since 1990. A.were you employed B.have you been employed C.had you been employed D.will you be employed 5.By the end of last year，another new gymnasium ________ in Beijing. A.would be completed B.was being completed C.has been completed D.had been completed 6.The little girl ________her heart out because she ________ her toy bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it. A.had cried; lost B.cried; had lost C.has cried; has lost D.cries; has lost 7.—Excuse me，sir.Would you do me a favor?—Of course.What is it? —I ________ if you could tell me how to fill out this form. A.had wondered B.was wondering C.would wonder D.did wonder 8.He will have learned English for eight years by the time he ________ from the university next year. A.will graduate B.will have graduated C.graduates D.is to graduate 9.I feel it is your husband who ________for the spoiled child. A.is to blame B.is going to blame C.is to be blame D.should blame 10.He has been writing the composition the whole morning and he still ________. A.has been　　 B.does　　　 C.has　　　 D.is 11.If city noises ________ from increasing，people ________ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A.are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to C.do not keep; will have to D.do not keep; have to 12.The price ________，but I doubt whether it will remain so. A.went down B.will go down C.has gone down D.was going down 2. 13.—How long ________ each other before they ________ married? —For about a year. A.have they known; get　 B.did they know; get C.do they know; are going to get　 D.had they known; got 14.You can’t move in right now.The house ________.A.has painted B.is painted C.is being painted D.is painting 15.—Hey，look where you are going! —Oh，I’m terribly sorry.________. A.I’m not noticing B.I wasn’t noticing C.I haven’t noticed D.I don’t notice 16.The reporter said that the UFO ________ east to west when he saw it. A.was traveling B.traveled C.had been traveling D.was to travel 17.—Is this raincoat yours? —No，mine ________ there behind the door. A.is hanging B.has hang C.hangs D.hang 18.I turned around and saw everybody ________ at a man who ________ loudly in a foreign language. A.was staring; was shouting C. was staring; shouting C.staring; shouting D.stared; shouted 19.Henry remained silent for a moment.He ________. A.thought B.had thought C.was thinking D.was thought 20.We would like to go and thank him ourselves，but we ________ out his address yet, A.haven’t found B.hadn’t found C.didn’t find D.don’t find 3. 21.Shirley ________ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished. A.has written B.wrote C.had written D.was writing 22.—Have you got your test result?—Not yet.The papers ________. A.are not correcting B.have not corrected C.are still being corrected D.have already been corrected 23.See the clouds! It ________ rain! A.will　 B.is going to　 C.must　 D.certainly 24.Do I have to take this medicine? It ________ so terrible. A.tastes B.is tasting C.is tasted D.has tasted 25.Don’t take the magazine away.It ________ me. A.is belonged to B.belongs to C.was belonged to D.is belonging to 26.Is this the third time that you ________ late? A.have been B.am C.was D.had been 27.—Do you know when Tom ________ from abroad? —Perhaps it will be a long time before he ________. A.will come; will come B.comes; will come C.will come; comes D.comes; comes 28.My uncle said that he would telephone but I ________ from him so far. A.didn’t hear B.hadn’t heard C.haven’t heard D.won’t hear 29.The telephone ________ four times in the last hour，and each time it ________ for my roommate. A.has rung; was B.has been ringing; is C.had rung; was D.rang; has been 4. 30.A storm ________ by a calm. A.is often being followed B.was often followed C.is often followed D.has often been followed 31.The pen I ________ I ________ is on my desk，right under my nose.A.think; lost B.thought; had lost C.think; had lost D.thought; lost 32.—We could have walked to the station.It was so near. —Yes，a taxi ________ at all necessary. A.wasn’t B.hadn’t been C.couldn’t be D.won’t be 33.A friend of mine returned to his house after a holiday only to find it ________. A.to be broken B.had broken into C.was broken D.had been broken into 34.They believed that by using computers the production of their factory ________. A.will greatly increase B.would greatly increase C.would be increased greatly D.will have been greatly increased 35.His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the magazines he ________. A.had long been expected B.had long expected C.has long expected D.was long expected 36.—Do you like the new pen? —Yes，it ________ very well. A.is written B.is writing C.writes D.wrote 37.—Oh，it’s you? I didn’t recognize you. —I ________ my hair cut，and I ________ new glass. A.had; was wearing B.have had; am wearing C.had; wore D.have had; wear 38.As she ________ the newspaper，Granny ________ asleep. A.read; was falling B.was reading; fell C.was reading; was falling D.read; fell 39.However hard you ________，you will never succeed in pleasing her.A.try B.will try C.should try D.would try 40.—Can I help you，sir? —Yes，I bought this radio yesterday，but it ________. A.didn’t work B.won’t work C.can’t work D.doesn’t work 41.—How are you today? —Oh，I ________ as ill as I do now for a very long time. A.didn’t feel B.wasn’t feeling C.don’t feel D.haven’t felt 42.When Jack arrived he learned Mary ________ for about an hour. A.had gone B.had set off C.had left D.had been away 43.By this time tomorrow we ________ the machine. A.have repaired B.shall have repaired C.will repair D.would repair 44.I don’t think Jim saw me，he ________ into space. A.just stared B.was just staring C.has just stared D.had just stared 45.Helen ________ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband ________ home. A.had left; came B.has left; comes C.left; had come D.had left; would come 46.—You have left the light on. —Oh，so I have.________ and turn it off. A.I’ll go B.I’ve gone C.I go D.I’m going 47.This is Ted’s photo.We miss him a lot.He ________ trying to save a child in earthquake. A.killed B.is killed C.was killed D.was killing 48.The notice ________ “No smoking.”A.is wrote B.reads C.writes D.is read 49.Good care must ________ babies particularly while they are ill. A.take B.take of C.be taken D.be taken of 50.Shortly after we ________，a waiter came over to our table with a smile. A.seated　 B.were seated　 C.sat ourselves　 D.had seated 51.—You look pale，what troubled you? —I ________ my dead friend. A.am thinking about B.was thinking about C.had thought about D.will think about 52.John and I ________ friends for eight years.We first got to know each other at a Christmas party.But we ________ each other a couple of times before that. A.had been; have seen B.have been; have seen C.have been; had seen D.had been; had seen 53.Do make sure that you ________ a seat today! A.got B.get C.should D.have get 54.We ________ at the house as we ________ of buying it. A.looked; were thinking B.were looking; were thinking C.were looking; thought D.looked; had thought 55.—I’m told that you are leaving for Beijing. —Who ________ so? A.said B.had said C.says D.has said 56.I ________ the room to be empty but found it occupied.A.had thought B.have thought C.didn’t think D.was thinking 57.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ________ so rapidly. A.will have changed B.has changed C.is changing D.will change 58.I ________ ping-pong quite well，but I haven’t had time to play since the new year. A.will play B.have played C.played D.play 59.Visitors ________ not to touch the exhibits. A.will request B.are requested C.are requesting D.request 60.They ________ a snowstorm on their way home. A.caught in B.had caught C.were caught D.were caught in 答案 1～5 DADBD 6~10 BBCAD 11～15 ACDCB 16~20 AAACA 21～25 DCBAB 26~30 ACCAC 31～35 BADCC 36~40 CBBAD 41～45 DDBBA 46~50 ACBDB 51～55 BCBBC5 6~60 ACDBD 【解析】 1.用过去时表达没能早说之意。 2.用完成时表达到目前为止本应发生的动作。 3.主句将来时，状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。 4.本句用完成时当无疑问，值得注意的是后面的结构是系表结构表状态，不是被动语态。5.受 by the end of last year 的影响，本句是典型的过去完成时。 6.体会一下时间的先后就可明白，前一句是一般过去时，后一句是过去完成时。 7.空格所指的是说话前正在考虑的动作。 9.本句是强调句型，sb. is to blame 是“得怪谁”的意思。 10.填空处是现在进行时的省略。 14.现在进行时的被动语态。 16.强调看见时 the UFO 正在发生的动作。 22.答语为现在进行时的被动语态，指“试卷正在被批改”。 23.有征兆表明某事即将发生一般用 be going to 表达。 24.taste 为连系动词，因而没有被动语态。 25.belong to 没有被动语态。 30.全句意为“暴风雨过后是一片宁静”。 33.only to 引导的是一个结果状语，所填空处是典型的过去完成时的被动语态。 40.一般现在时陈述事实。 43.受 by this time tomorrow 这一时间状语的影响，本题所填是中学不太常见的将来完成时。 习题-语法填空 In the United States, there were 222 people 1.__________（report）to be billionaires（亿万富翁） in 2003. The 2.__________of these is Bill Gates, worth at least $ 41 billion, who made his money3.__________starting the company Microsoft. Mr. Gates was only 21 years old 4.__________he first helped to set up the company in 1976. He was a billionaire 5. __________the time he was 6.__________, there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even 7.__________（young）ages. Other young people who have struck it rich include Jackie Coogan and Shirley Temple. 8.__________of these child actors made over a million dollars 9.__________（act）in movies before they were 14. But 10. __________ youngest billionaire is Albert von Thurn and Taxis of Germany, who, in 2001, inherited （继承）a billion dollars when he turned 18! 参考答案 （1）1. reported 2. richest/wealthiest 3. by 4. when 5. by 6. However 7. younger 8. Both 9. acting 10. the