名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词。
专有名词是
某个(些)人，地方，机构等专有的名称，注意这类词的中心词的第一个字母要大写。常见的专有名词有：国家名称——China, Japan,
England, Cuba, Australia, Brazil, France…;语言——Chinese, Japanese,
English, French…;人名/地名—— Zhou Enlai, Jim, New York,
Shanghai…由普通名词构成的专有名词——the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the
Palace of Museum; the People’s
Hospital……。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。
普通名词又可分为下面四类：
(1)个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：pen,
student, desk, book, bike。
(2)集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family,
class, people, school。
(3)物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air,
water, paper。
(4)抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work, time,
news。
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词。
有些名词在一种场合下属于这一类，在另一种场合下又属于那一类。例如有些物质名词也可用作个体名词，意思上有一定变化，这些词需要平时多加记忆。如：
glass玻璃-a glass玻璃杯 iron铁-an
iron熨斗
copper铜-a copper铜币 tin锡-a
tin洋铁罐
paper纸-a paper报纸，证件 wood木头-a
wood树林
又如一些抽象名词，当意思转变而表示某类个体时，就成了个体名词：
youth青春-a youth青年人 relation关系-a
relation亲属
democracy民主-a democracy民主国家
authority权威-an authority权威人士
power威力，电力-a power大国
necessity必要性-a necessity必需品beauty美-a
beauty每人，美的东西
练习题：
1、---What would you like to
drink, ________ or orange
---Orange,
please.
A. hamburger B. chip C.
tea
2、When we saw his face, we
knew___ was bad.
A. some news B. a news C. the
news P. news
3、In England, if ____ is in the
middle of the day, the evening meal is called
supper.
A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D.
dinner
4、What’s your _______ for being
late again
A. idea B. key C. excuse D.
news
5、Where are the students Are
they in _______
A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C.
the 406 Room D. 406 Room
6、The teacher said we needed to
choose three for the school concert.
A. farmers B. doctors C. drivers
D. singers
7、-What class are you in,
Mike
-I’m in .
A. Grade Three, Class
Two
B. Class Two, Grade Three
C.
class two, grade
three
D. grade three, class two
8、Don’t make so much .The baby
is sleeping.
A.
things B.
mistakes C.
voice D.
noise
9、All the foot of the hill you
could hear nothing but the _____of the running
water.
A. shout B. noise C. voice D.
sound
10、Lao She is the ________ of
Tea House.
A. doctor B. actor C. scientist
D. writer
答案1-5 CCBCB 6-10
DBDDD
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