建议信 决胜2020高考英语写作妙笔生花专题

1 建议信 (Letters of advice) 一、写作攻略 建议信是向收信人对某事提出写信人的建议和忠告。建议信有可能是写给个人，就其遇到的某 个问题提出自己的看法和观点；也可能是写给某个组织和机构，就改进其服务提出建议或忠告。建 议信要写出写信的原因，建议的内容，提出建议的理由，提出的理由要入情入理，语气一定要礼貌 当先。因此建议信要写得简明扼要、目的明确、具有合理性和说服力。具体写作步骤： 1. 首段：表明写作意图。陈述事由，简单介绍自己，注意语气。 2. 主体段落：应该首先肯定对方的优点，然后再写需要改进的地方或针对具体情况提出具体建 议或忠告。千万注意不要让别人以为你是在投诉，而不是提建议。 3. 结尾段：对提出的建议进行总结，要注意有礼貌使读者容易接受。 写作这类题目时，要注意审请题目，不要跑题，时刻记得书信的交际功能，要考虑到收信人的 感受。在给对方提建议时应该时时说到 I 和 You，要让人时刻感受到这是一种交流。 二、写作要点 建议信是一种应用文体，主体时态常用一般现在时，主体人称为第二人称。 1. 写作主题：作者对有关问题进行分析，并对这些问题提出自己的看法和建议。 2. 写作对象：1）写给某个人，就此人遇到的问题提出自己的观点和看法。 2）写给某个组织和机构，就改进其服务提出建议或忠告。 3. 基本框架：1）开头（beginning）：开门见山，向对方陈述自己的观点。 2）对提出的问题进行分析并说明理由，接着提出自己的建议。 3）呼应开头，重申观点。 4. 注意事项：1）写出写信的原因，建议的内容，提出建议的理由，提出的理由要入情入理，语气 一定要礼貌当先。简明扼要，目的明确，具有合理性和说服力。 2）建议信一般为半开放性写作，因此建议的角度要多样化。 3）符合英语信件的基本格式。 三、常用套语 建议信开头常用句式： I’m writing to express my view about… You have asked my opinion on… so I will try to make some suggestions. I’m writing to express my view on…2 It’s my pleasure to offer you some suggestions on how to… 建议信表建议常用句式： I think it would be more beneficial to you if you could… In my opinion, it’s very important for you to… In my opinion, it would be wise of you to… I’m afraid you’d better… 建议信结尾常用句式： I believe you will take my advice into account. I hope you will find these suggestions/ recommendations useful/ of importance. I hope you may consider my advice. I would be ready to discuss this matter with you for further details. 四、常用篇章模式 Dear Bob, I'm more than delighted to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to (引出主 题). Here are a few practical suggestions. To begin with, it is important to . Then, it also helps to . Besides, it should be a good idea to . Were I you, I would . (此三句不同的 句式提出建议) As to , I suggest (有时根据需要具体到某一方面). In addition, (其他 建议). I'm sure (预测可能的结果，给对方以行动的信心和决心). I hope what I’ve said is beneficial to you .I'm looking forward to (表达愿望). Sincerely yours, Li Hua 五、实战演练 例 1：假如你叫孙军，是某高中的学生，要给市长写一封信，反映学校门前交通拥挤现象，包括以 下要点： 参考词汇: 穿行 thread one’s way 天桥 overpass 3 ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 第一步：审题 养成重视审题的习惯。现以此题为例，谈谈如何审题： 1) 第一人称 2) 一封信 3) 建议政府采取措施舒缓交通拥挤的状况 4) 说理逻辑性 5)一般现在时 第二步：搜索相关词组或句型 问题：学校和一所小学毗邻，对着大街，高峰期交通繁忙；加之孩子小, 家长接送。交通更拥挤； 学生过街在车辆中穿行危险。 建议：政府应采取措施,如修天桥等。 1) 学校与一所小学毗邻, 对着大街 (stand next to… primary… face/be faced with… the main street…) 推荐句型： There be+并列句 There’s a primary school near our school, and both schools face the main street. 非谓语结构 Our school stands next to a primary school, faced with/facing the main street. Standing next to a primary school, our school is faced with/faces the main street. 将介词短语提前（全倒装） Next to a primary school stands/lies/is our school… , faced with / facing a main street.4 润色小建议 可将 stand next to 替换为高级词汇/短语, 如： (be located next to (near/beside/by) 2) 在…对面 be opposite to 3) 高峰期交通繁忙表达 • The traffic is busy during the rush hours. • During the rush hours, there is a lot of traffic. • 还可用 so…. that… During the rush hours, there are so many cars and buses going on the road that… • 用 with 结构是不是更高级？ With so many cars and buses going on the road, … 润色小建议 • “高峰期”可意译: at peak time，a large current of cars and people 4) “交通繁忙”可译为: traffic jam be choked up with… be crammed with 被…堵塞/塞满 5) 加之孩子小，家长接送，交通更拥挤 Many parents send their young children to school and fetch them home, which makes the traffic heavier. 用非谓语结构如何？ 是不是句子更高级了？ Many parents send their young children to school and fetch them home, making the traffic heavier. What’s more, … pick up…. make…. To make things worse/ What’s worse, many parents coming to pick up their children make the street more crowded. 用 so…. that….=too…to The children are so young that parents have to send them to school and fetch them home, which makes/making the traffic heavier. 润色小建议 making the traffic heavier 可换为 making the situation more serious. making 也可替换为：causing, leading to, resulting in “send…fetch…” 可替换为短语：pick up 6) 学生过街在车辆中穿行危险5 固定句型 It is +adj. for… to do…. It is dangerous for the students to thread their way among buses and cars when crossing the road. 润色小建议: 适当增加形容词和副词： it is extremely dangerous，it is of great/ tremendous danger 7) 政府应采取措施,如修天桥等。 简单句 I suggest that the government should take steps such as building an overpass. 表语从句 My suggestion is that the government should… 固定句型 It is high time that…(虚拟语气) It is high time that relevant authorities took some measures like building… 润色小建议 适当添加一些意思（过渡句） • In order to release the stress of traffic problems, … • Aimed at solving these problems, the government should… • Seeing these matters, never will I stop urging our government to take some measures. For the sake of improving the quality of traffic, it is significant to build… 第三步: 连句成文但要注意：篇章的连贯性 请将选项填入下面文中，以使行文连贯 • A. As a consequence • B. According to the phenomenon stated above • C. When it comes to traffic jams • D. What makes things worse is that Next to a primary school stands our school, facing a main street. ___________, it’s crammed with cars during the rush hour. _______________ children have to be picked up by their parents owing to their young age. ___________, it’s of great danger for the students to go through the traffic. _________________, it is high time that relevant authorities took some measures like building an overpass. （CDAB） 例 2. 假定你是李华，你的英语朋友 Peter 来信向你询问如何才能学好中文。请你根据下列要点写 回信。 要点：1. 参加中文学习班； 2. 看中文书刊，电视；3. 学唱中文歌曲； 4. 交中国朋友。 注意：可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；开头语已给出。 ______________________________________________________________________________________6 ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 认真审题，根据题意在下面填入你认为恰当的句子（可一句多译）。 Dear Peter, I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well. 1.__________________________________________________________________ ___. First 2.____________________________________________________________________________ Then,3. _______________________________________________________________________________ Besides, 4._____________________________________________________________________________ In addition, you can also make more Chinese friends. They will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese. 5._______________________________________________________ Best wishes. Li Hua 参考一下： 1. ① Here are a few suggestions. ② The following are a few suggestions for you. 2. ① it is important to take a Chinese course, as you’ll be able to learn from the teachers and practice with your fellow students. ② you had better attend a Chinese course, where, with other students, you can learn under the guidance of a teacher. 3. ① it also helps to watch TV and read books, newspapers, and magazines in Chinese whenever possible. ② being repeatedly exposed to Chinese books, magazines, and TV can also help you a lot. 4. ① it should be a good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so you’ll learn and remember Chinese words more easily. ② it is beneficial to you to learn to sing Chinese songs, which can make your learning more interesting 7 and effective. 5. ① Try and write to me in Chinese next time. ② Looking forward to your progress. 例 3：假设你是李华。来自外国的好友 Amber 因为当地有数人感染新型冠状病毒而向你求助一些自 我保护措施，据此请你给出相应的建议。 注意：1. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯 2. 词数： 80 词左右 参考词汇：新型冠状病毒 the novel coronavirus ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 第一段：得知缘由，说明目的 Amber 居住的地方有数人感染了新型冠状病毒，急需自我保护措施的建议 可添加细节：你非常担忧 Amber 的安全 潜在词汇及句型 感染了... be infected with... 对...表示担忧 be concerned about... 为...提供...provide sb. with sth. 自我保护 self-protection 得知..., 某人做了某事 Hearing that..., sb. does sth. 修改和润色 Hearing that several people in your town have been infected with the novel coronavirus, I am very concerned about your safety. Therefore, I am writing to provide you with some practical advice on self-protection. Hearing that several people in your town have been infected with the novel coronavirus, I am so concerned about your safety that I can hardly wait to provide you with some practical advice on self-protection. 第二段：提出建议，给出理由8 1. 尽量待在家里，取消聚会 原因：病毒易感，远离感染者和携带者 2. 出门戴口罩，远离人群 原因：防止吸入病毒 3. 增强免疫力 方法：注意休息，平衡饮食，在家适度锻炼 潜在词汇及句型 取消聚会 cancel the gatherings 容易感染 easy infection 感染者 those (who are) infected 携带者 virus carriers 戴口罩 wear a mask 远离人群 stay away from/ avoid crowds 防止...做...prevent sb. from doing sth. 吸入病毒 breathe in the virus 增强免疫力 enhance/strengthen the immunity 平衡饮食 balanced diets 适度锻炼 proper amounts of exercise 潜在词汇及句型 First and foremost,... Moreover,... Last but not least,... You had better do sth. You are strongly recommended to do sth. It is highly advisable that... 修改和润色 First and foremost, due to the easy infection of the disease among people of all ages, you are strongly recommended to keep yourself at home as much as allowed and cancel all your gatherings, in which way you may stay away from those infected or virus carriers. Moreover, you had better wear a mask and avoid crowds to prevent yourself from breathing in the virus. Last but not least, it is highly advisable for you to enhance your immunity to the infection through regular rest, balanced diets and proper amounts of exercise at home. 9 第三段：表达期待，给予祝愿 采取以上步骤，尽可能降低感染风险，相信能度过难关 可添加细节：期待病毒流行期过去后的重逢 潜在词汇及句型 采取以上步骤 take the steps above 降低感染风险 lower the possibility of getting infected 渡过难关 get through the hard time 流行期 epidemic 重逢 reunion 通过做某事，我希望... By doing sth., I hope ... 修改和润色 By taking the steps above, I am fully convinced that you can greatly lower the possibility of getting infected and that we are sure to get through the hard time. Looking forward to our reunion after the epidemic. One possible version Dear Amber, Hearing that several people in your town have been infected with the novel coronavirus, I am so concerned about your safety that I can hardly wait to provide you with some practical advice on self-protection. Due to the easy infection of the disease among people of all ages, my first and foremost suggestion is to keep yourself at home as much as allowed and cancel all your gatherings, in which way you may stay away from those infected or virus carriers. If forced outdoors, you had better wear a mask and avoid crowds to prevent yourself from breathing in the virus. Last but not least, it is highly advisable for you to enhance your immunity to the infection through regular rest, balanced diets and proper amounts of exercise at home. By taking the steps above, I am fully convinced that you can greatly lower the possibility of getting infected and that we are sure to get through the hard time. Looking forward to our reunion after the epidemic. Yours, Li Hua