阅读理解
潍坊真题剖析
(2018·山东潍坊中考)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
When she was just 9 years old, Katie Stagliano planted a cabbage seed(卷心菜种子) in a garden outside her house. She cared for it every day by watering it, weeding it and giving it plant food. It grew to be HUGE! Forty pounds huge!
Katie wanted to do something special with this very special cabbage. With her mom's help she decided to donate(捐赠) it to a local soup kitchen to help feed the hungry in her community of Summerville, South Carolina.
When she arrived to make her donation, she saw a long line of people waiting for food. Then, Katie served her cabbage to the guest. As the many people thanked her, she knew she could and should do more to help.
With the help of her parents and school, Katie's Krops was born! Katie's Krops plants gardens to grow food that is donated to local soup kitchens to feed the hungry.
Katie's dream is to end hunger around the world. So, after she created several gardens in her community, she decided to do more. She wanted to help other kids create gardens in their communities!
As of 2017, 7 years after she started, there are now 83 Katie's Krops gardens growing across the United States! All of the gardens are led by kids between the ages of 9 and 16.
1．What is “something special” Katie did at last in Paragraph 2?
A．Building her first garden.
B．Giving the cabbage plant food.
C．Helping mom in the local soup kitchen.
D．Donating the cabbage to people in need.
2．Who runs the 83 gardens?
A．Hungry people there.
B．Katie Stagliano herself.
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C．Teenagers from 9 to 16.
D．Parents and schools together.
3．Katie's Krops ．
A．creates a lot of jobs for local people
B．has its own soup kitchens everywhere
C．is now all over South Carolina, the US
D．helps fight hunger in their own communities
4．Katie's story sounds ．
A．encouraging B．relaxing
C．boring D．tiring
B
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5．Who plays the leading role in making decisions?
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A．Cat. B．Marc.
C．Iggy. D．Barney.
6．The underlined word “awesome” probably means ．
A．awful B．crazy
C．nervous D．fantastic
7．What do we know about the Island Club?
A．It's a new place for the three friends.
B．It's one of the top clubs of UK.
C．Coffee is always free there.
D．Iggy prefers to eat there.
C
Researchers in the 1960s found bilingual(双语的) people scored higher on intelligence(智力) tests than monolinguals—people who speak only one language. The latest studies show that being bilingual does not necessarily make people cleverer, but it probably does make you better at certain skills.
Imagine driving down the highway. There're many things that could attract your attention and you really need to be able to watch all of them. Why would bilingualism make you any better at that?
The answer is that bilingual people are often better at controlling their attention—a function(功能) called the executive control system. It's quite possibly the most important system we have because it's where all of your decisions about what to attend to, what to ignore(忽视), what process are made.
The best method to measure(测量) the executive control system is called the Stroop Test. Suppose you would have the word “blue” written in red, but you have to say the colour red. But “blue” is so eyecatching, and you really want to say “blue”. You need to ignore it so that you can say the colour red. That's the Stroop Test.
Bilingual people continually practice this function. They have to, because both languages are active in their brain at the same time. They need to ignore one to be able to speak in the other. This exercise might help in other ways, too. Researchers say bilingual children are more likely to have friends from different cultures. Bilingual adults are often four to five years later than others in developing Alzheimer's disease.
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8．What did the recent research find about bilingual people?
A．They can safely drive their cars.
B．They can well manage their attention.
C．They can have a better control of imagination.
D．They can easily pick out the colours they want.
9．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A．Red. B．Blue.
C．Test. D．System.
10．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．Bilingualism may do harm to people's health.
B．Bilingualism helps children make more foreign friends.
C．People must practice speaking two languages continually.
D．People use more active words from their mother languages.
11．What might be the best title for the text?
A．How does the Stroop Test work?
B．What is executive control system?
C．Are monolingual people smarter?
D．Are bilingual people better at some skills?
D
It seems that food deliverymen(送货员) are always in a hurry. They wear blue, red or yellow helmets and many of them don't follow traffic rules. 12 They use mobile phones while driving.
These rude behaviors have caught the public's attention. In the first half of 2017, food deliverymen had 76 traffic accidents in Shanghai, according to Shanghai Public Security Bureau. That means every two and a half days, a food deliveryman will die or get hurt on the road.
13 The strict rules of the food delivery service companies and the anxious customers may be the answer. Many companies will fine(罚款) a deliveryman up to 2，000 yuan, if he fails to deliver an order on time, reported China Daily. 14
To solve the problem, food delivery service companies need to improve their incentive systems, noted CRI Online. 15 Shanghai has asked companies to train their deliverymen on traffic rules and safety. Now in Shenzhen, if a deliveryman gets caught breaking traffic rules more than twice, then he will be banned(禁止) from driving food service delivery vehicles for
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a whole year.
根据短文內容，从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项，选项中有一项为多余选项。
A．Some cities are also taking action.
B．What are the strict rules used for?
C．What makes deliverymen take such risks?
D．Fines also go to those who get bad reviews from customers.
E．They drive on the wrong side of the road and run red lights.
参考答案
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【答案及解析】
1．D 细节理解题。由第二段第二句可知她最后决定把卷心菜捐给当地的做汤的厨房，故选D。
2．C 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知所有的菜园都是由 9～16 岁的孩子打理的，故选C。
3．D 细节理解题。由第五段中“She wanted to help other kids...”可知D项正确。文中并未提到Katie's Krops创造了就业，故A项错误；根据最后一段“there are now 83 Katie's Krops gardens...”可知Katie's Krops有gardens并没有soup kitchens，故B项错误；C项“Katie's Krops现在遍布美国的整个South Carolina”和文中最后一段第一句“在全美国有83个Katie's Krops gardens”不符。
4．A 推理判断题。encouraging“令人鼓舞的”；relaxing“放松的”；boring“无聊的”；tiring“厌倦的”。本文主要讲述了Katie从一开始把卷心菜捐给当地的厨房为饥饿的人提供食物，到后来她创建了更多的菜园，帮助更多的人的故事，展现了Katie富有爱心，努力勇敢的品质，同时也鼓励读者，多帮助他人，为他人提供方便，故选A。
5．C 推理判断题。 Cat, Marc和Iggy三人商量去哪里跳舞和看什么电影，最终他们决定去Iggy推荐的俱乐部和看Iggy推荐的电影，可见Iggy在群聊中是主导地位。故选C。
6．D 词义猜测题。 对于Iggy发来的俱乐部图片，综合Marc的评论“Looks awesome.”和Iggy的评论“Yeah, my mate Barney knows it, says there's a great DJ, amazing dance music.” 可知awesome的意思要和great, amazing接近，故选fantastic。
7．A 推理判断题。 根据“Found out about a new place...” “my mate Barney knows it, says there's...” “OK, let's try it.”可见他们三个都不曾去过这家俱乐部，故选A。B、C、D项文中都未提到。
8．B 细节理解题。由第三段第一句可知会双语的人能够更好地控制自己的注意力，故选B。
9．B 代词指代题。由第四段第二、三句的描述可知用红色写下“blue”，让被测试人说出红色，而不是蓝色，所以被测试人需要忽略蓝色，故it 代指blue。
10．B 细节理解题。从最后一段第五句可知讲两种语言帮助孩子交到更多外国朋友，故选B。
11．D 标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了由于能够更好地控制自己的注意力，讲两种语言的人比只讲一种语言的人更擅长某些技能，故D项最适合作标题。
12．E 前后描述了有些送餐员不遵守交通规则，在开车时使用手机，故此处承接上文介绍送餐员不遵守交通规则的其他现象，故选E。
13．C 根据下文“食品快递公司的严格规定和着急的顾客可能是答案。”可知此处应该是一个问句，结合前后文可知，C项更符合语境。
14．D 本段讲述食品快递公司和着急的顾客对送餐员的处罚。上一句是食品快递公司对送餐员的处罚，本空对应讲着急的顾客对送餐员的差评也是对送餐员的处罚，故选D。
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15．A 上文提到“为了解决此问题，食品快递公司需要改善激励制度。”下文是上海和深圳激励送餐员不要违反交规的具体措施，故此空概括讲一些城市正在采取措施，故选A。
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