2019中考（人教）英语阅读理解基础编题（12）及答案
Passage A
（2019中考训练题）
People often think of the North Pole(北极) and the South Pole as similar frozen(冰冻的)
wastelands. They are both places with very cold temperatures and few people live there. However, the North and South Poles are not much alike as people may imagine.
The North Pole has no land, only thick ice. Temperatures seldom go above 32°F, at which water turns into ice. Most of the time, it stays below zero. In winter temperatures are usually as low as -30°F.
Although conditions were very poor, people tried for many centuries to reach the North Pole. About 100 years ago, two men, Robert Peary and Mathew Henson, were able to get to this environment full of troubles and difficulties. They reached the North Pole on March 8th, 1909. It was really a hard trip for them.
There are few things more dangerous than crossing the Arctic(北极圈) on foot. People who stayed there may face many problems: very cold temperatures, sudden storms, and even hunger. Most of the area is uninhabited. Few people can live in such a difficult place.
People might think that with such low temperatures for most of the year, the ice would be thick and hard. However, this is not true in the Arctic. The movement of the ocean water under the ice may often cause many different changes on the surface. Sometimes the ice breaks into two opening lanes of water(水道) called “leads”. Anyone who falls into a lead can be frozen to death in a few minutes.
1．This passage is probably from ___________.
A． a book review B． a science book
C． a school report D． a computer magazine
2．According to the passage, what happened about 100 years ago ?
A． Two men succeeded in getting to the North Pole.
B． Temperatures in the North Pole went above 32°F.
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C． The environment in the North Pole suddenly became worse.
D． The North Pole changed into thick ice because of the temperatures.
3．What does the underlined word “uninhabited” probably mean in Chinese?
A． 气候恶劣的 B． 充满危险的 C． 困难重重的 D． 无人居住的
4．The reason for the ice to break into two opening lanes of water is _____________.
A． that the temperature suddenly drops B． that the water under the ice is frozen
C． that the ocean water under the ice moves D． that the surface is covered with lots of ice
5．What does this passage mainly talk about?
A． The thick ice in the North Pole.
B． A difficult trip to the North Pole.
C． The real situation in the North Pole.
D． The differences between the North Pole and the South Pole.
【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇科普文，介绍了北极点的有关情况。首先指出北极和南极并不像人们想象的那么相像，接着从冰层厚、气温低等方面介绍恶劣的环境，然后插入了100多年前两个人克服重重困难走到北极的故事，证明了北极的大部分地区无人居住。最后介绍了海水在冰下的运动常常会引起表面上许多不同的变化。
1．题意：这篇文章可能是从___________。考查综合理解题。A. a book review一本书评；B. a science book一本科学书；C. a school report一则学术报告；D. a computer magazine一本计算机杂志。短文是一则科普文，根据它的体裁，应该摘自于科学书。故选B。
2．题意：根据这篇文章，大约100年前发生了什么？考查细节理解题。A. Two men succeeded in getting to the North Pole.两个人成功地到达了北极点。根据About 100 years ago, two men, Robert Peary and Mathew Henson, were able to get to this environment full of troubles and difficulties.可知，说法正确，可选。B. Temperatures in the North Pole went above 32°F.北极点的温度超过华氏32度。根据原文句子Temperatures seldom go above 32°F ，可知温度极少能超过华氏32度，故说法错误。C. The environment in the North Pole suddenly became worse.北极的环境突然变得更糟了，短文没有提及，故说法错误。D. The North Pole changed into thick ice because of the temperatures.
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北极由于气温变化变成厚厚的冰，根据However, this is not true in the Arctic.可知，说法错误。根据文意，可知选A。
3．题意：下划线的“uninhabited”这个词在汉语中是什么意思？考查词义理解题。few一点，表否定意义。根据下文提示Few people can live in such a difficult place.，可知很少有人能生活在这样困难的地方。故选D。
4．题意：冰块断做两口水道的原因是___________。考查细节理解题。A. that the temperature suddenly drops气温突然下降；B. that the water under the ice is frozen冰下的水结冰了；C. that the ocean water under the ice moves冰下的海水移动了；D. that the surface is covered with lots of ice表面覆盖着很多冰。根据短文最后的内容The movement of the ocean water under the ice may often cause many different changes on the surface. Sometimes the ice breaks into two opening lanes of water called “leads”.，可知选C。
5．题意：这篇文章主要讲的是什么？考查文意理解和综合理解题。A. The thick ice in the North Pole. 北极点厚厚的冰；B. A difficult trip to the North Pole. 艰难的北极点之行；C. The real situation in the North Pole. 北极点的实际情况；D. The differences between the North Pole and the South Pole. 北极点和南极点之间的差异。本文的主要内容就是介绍北极点的有关情况。根据文意，可知选C。
点睛：对于阅读理解题，首先要粗读文章了解大意，其次通过细读，理解全文。在粗读的基础上，仔细阅读题后所给的题目，根据题目要求，再有重点地返回来仔细阅读。在阅读理解的题目中，所设问题主要有以下几种方式：找主题或概括文章的中心思想、就文中的具体事实和情节进行提问、根据文章的表层意思进行深层次的推理判断等，在细读时，要根据设问的方式，进行有侧重地阅读。1、概括文章中心思想。1)文首呈现主题句。2)文尾出现主题句。3)首尾呼应展现主题。4)文中表述主题。前面提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后再做进一步的解释。5)文章没有主题句。在这种情况下，考生要把所有的细节综合起来。进行逻辑推理，概括归纳出文章的主题句。2.掌握文章的具体事实和重要情节。在考题中，经常会见到就文章中某一具体事实和重要情节进行测试的题目。例如，第4题，题意：冰块断做两口水道的原因是___________。考查细节理解题。A. that the temperature suddenly drops气温突然下降；B. that the water under the ice is frozen冰下的水结冰了；C. that the ocean water under the ice moves冰下的海水移动了；D. that the surface is covered with lots of ice表面覆盖着很多冰。根据短文最后的内容The movement of the
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ocean water under the ice may often cause many different changes on the surface. Sometimes the ice breaks into two opening lanes of water called “leads”.，可知选C。这就要求考生在阅读时要注意辨认和记忆具体事实，重要情节，事物的起因、过程、结果及发生的地点、时间等，这些都有可能作为测试点。还有一些测试题，要求考生在理解的基础上，通过自己的思维将理解的内容系统化，比如计算、排序等题型。
Passage B
【****江苏省泰州市】
Living in a foreign culture can be exciting, but it can also be confusing(令人迷惑的). A group of Americans who taught English in other countries recently discussed their experiences. They decided that miscommunications(沟通误解)were always possible, even over something as simple as “yes” and “no”.
On her first day in Micronesia, an island in the Pacific(太平洋), Lisa thought people weren’t paying any attention to her. The day was hot. She went into a store and asked, “Do you have cold drinks?” The woman there didn’t say anything. Lisa repeated the question. Still the woman said nothing. She later learned that the woman had answered her: She had raised her eyebrows(眉毛)，which in Micronesia means “yes”.
Jan remembered an experience she had in Bulgaria, a country in Europe. She went to a restaurant that was famous for its cabbage. She asked the waiter, “Do you have cabbage today?” He nodded his head. Jan waited, but the cabbage never came. In that country, a nod means “no”.
Tom had a similar problem when arrived in India. After explaining something in class, he asked his students if they understood. They answered with many different nods and shakes of the head. He thought some people had not understood, so he explained again. When he asked again, they did the same thing. He soon found out that his students did understand. In India, people nod and shake their heads in different ways depending on(依据)where they come from. You have to know where a person is from to understand whether they mean “yes” or “no”.
61. The Americans teaching English in other countries found that they .
A. should go abroad for vacations
B. needed to learn foreign languages
C. should often discuss their experiences
D. had problems with communications
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62. People in Micronesia show “yes” by .
A. nodding heads B. raising eyebrows
C. shaking heads D. saying “no”
63. Tom misunderstood（误解） his class at first because .
A. he did not know much about Indian culture
B. he didn’t explain everything clearly enough
C. some students didn’t understand his questions
D. he didn’t know where the students came from
64. Which of the following is TRUE according to this passage?
A. In Bulgaria, nodding heads means “no”.
B. Jan taught English on a Pacific island.
C. Lisa was trying to buy some cabbage.
D. In India, only shaking heads means “yes”.
65. The passage is mainly about .
A. body language in foreign restaurants
B. class discussion in India schools
C. miscommunication in different cultures
D. English teaching in other countries
参考答案 61—65DBAAC
Passage C
【****模拟题】
On the afternoon of May 12，2008，when Liao Zhi was playing with her 10-month-old daughter at home，the building began to shake．"I carried my daughter in my arms and wanted to go downstairs．But when my mother-in-law opened the door，the building collapsed in a flash(瞬间倒塌)．"
Liao was saved on the night of May 13，but her mother-in-law and her baby daughter died．What's worse，Liao's calves were severely hurt in the earthquake and her legs had to be cut off at the knee．
What does this mean to a dancer? "At first I thought I wouldn't be able to dance anymore，and my life would become very hard，" Liao said．"But when I see that my family and friends care so much about me，I decided not to let them down．" She first learned
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to turn over in bed without help，and later，when she felt better，she began practicing dancing on the bed．
Months later，Liao put on artificial limbs(假肢)．She smiled and said to her mother，"Tomorrow I will be able to walk，and before long，I will dance again．"
The ruthless earthquake has taken away a lot of things，but it could never take away the hope of life．
根据短文内容判断正(T)误(F)。
( ) 1．The earthquake happened when Liao Zhi was playing at home．
( ) 2．Liao Zhi had left the house before the house collapsed．
( ) 3．Only Liao Zhi's mother-in-law died in the earthquake．
( ) 4．For Liao Zhi she will dance again in the near future．
( ) 5．According to the passage，even if the earthquake is very ruthless，people will never give up their hopes．
参考答案：
1．T 由文章的“On the afternoon of May 12，2008，when Liao Zhi was playing with her 10-month-old daughter at home，the building began to shake．”可知。
2．F 由文章的“I carried my daughter in my arms and wanted to go downstairs．But when my mother-in-law opened the door，the building collapsed in a flash．”可知。
3．F 由文章的“Liao was saved on the night of May 13，but her mother-in-law and her baby daughter died．”可知。
4．T 通读第四段可知。
5．T 通读全文可知。
Passage D
英格兰
England is an island country in the sea. It lies in the west of Europe. It is divided by the English Channel(海峡) in the south between England and France. The North Sea is on the east of it. Its official(正式的) name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
England has a long history of culture. Shakespeare is regarded as the greatest writer
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in the English language in the world. The education is very famous in the world such as the universities of Oxford and Cambridge.
The main sport in England is football, and it's also the most popular sport in England. It is played in primary schools, middle schools, colleges and universities, and people play it in cities, towns and villages every week. The best time to play football lasts from the beginning of April to the end of September.
There are many beautiful places of interest in England. The River Thames is a great river in England. It flows through southern England. The Tower Bridge of London is wellknown in the world. Big Ben is on the Palace of Westminster. The London Eye is on the south bank of the River Thames. You can sit in the London Eye to enjoy the whole London. You can find all kinds of treasures from around the world in the British Museum. Tourists come to England from all over the world. You can travel to the United Kingdom to feel natural and cultural beauty.
1. The North Sea lies ________．
A. on the east of England B. on the west of England
C. on the north of England D. on the south of England
2. Shakespeare is famous in the world because ________．
A. he worked in Oxford University B. he worked in Cambridge University
C. he was a great language worker D. he was a great writer
3. The best time to play football in England lasts about ________．
A. four months B. five months C. six months D. seven months
4. Where can you enjoy the whole London's beauty?
A. The River Thames. B. The Tower Bridge.
C. The British Museum. D. The London Eye.
5. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. England is divided by the English Channel in the southeast.
B. England has famous universities, such as Oxford and Cambridge.
C. England's main sports are football and basketball.
D. England hardly has many beautiful places of interest.
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英格兰的地理位置、文化、运动和名胜古迹。
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1. A 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：北海位于________。A项：英格兰东部；B项：英格兰西部；C项：英格兰北部；D项：英格兰南部。根据第一段第四句“The North Sea is on the east of it.”可知北海位于英格兰的东部，故选A。
2. D 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：莎士比亚闻名于世是因为________。A项：他在牛津大学工作；B项：他在剑桥大学工作；C项：他是一位伟大的语言工作者；D项：他是一位伟大的作家。根据第二段第二句“Shakespeare is regarded as the greatest writer in the English language in the world.”可知莎士比亚闻名于世是因为他是一位伟大的作家，故选D。
3. C 【解析】数字计算题。题干意为：在英国踢足球的最佳时间持续大约________。A项：四个月；B项：五个月；C项：六个月；D项：七个月。根据第三段最后一句“The best time to play football lasts from the beginning of April to the end of September.”可知踢足球的最好时间从四月初持续到九月底，经过计算可知一共持续大约六个月，故选C。
4. D 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：你可以在哪里欣赏整个伦敦的美景？A项：泰晤士河；B项：塔桥；C项：大英博物馆；D项：伦敦。根据第四段倒数第四句“You can sit in the London Eye to enjoy the whole London.”可知你可以坐在伦敦眼里来欣赏整个伦敦的景色，故选D。
5. B 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：下列哪一项是正确的？A项：英国被东南部的英吉利海峡分开；B项：英国有许多著名的大学，像牛津和剑桥；C项：英国的主要运动是足球和篮球；D项：英国几乎没有美丽的名胜古迹。由第一段第三句“It is...”可知A项错误；由第二段最后一句“The education...”可知B项正确；由第三段第一句“The main sport...”可知C项错误；由最后一段第一句“There are many...”可知D项错误。故选B。
Passage E
A new report from the United Nations says more than 250 million children of primary school age cannot read or write. It said they could also not do basic mathematics. The report said that 120 million children have spent little or no time in school. The report also said children not going to school means countries lose money. Each year, governments lose up to $130 billion. Vibeke Jensen, a U.N. spokeswoman (发言人), said there was a global “learning crisis (危机)”. She said this was because there were not enough well-trained teachers in poor areas. She said that in one third of countries,
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75 per cent of primary school teachers do not have enough training. She added: “The important thing now is to pay more attention to quality (质量).”
The report said that most of those not going to school were girls. It said it was important that developing countries educate girls. Sending girls to school can increase a country's wealth (财富) by 25 per cent over 40 years. The report said that almost two-thirds (66%) of girls in Arab countries and sub-Saharan Africa would never go to school. In Yemen (也门), just 36 per cent of young women are literate. The Reuters news agency said: “If things go on like this, the poorest part of the girls and young ladies in developing countries won’t get education until the year 2072” There was some good news. In Laos, Rwanda and Vietnam, the number of children not going to school fell by 85 per cent in the last five years.
( ) 1. The children could not______ besides read and write.
A. speak English B. do maths C. cook D. sew
( ) 2. What proportion of girls in Arab countries and sub-Saharan African countries may go to school?
A. four-fifths B. nine-tenths C. one-third D. two-thirds
( ) 3. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. 120 million primary-school-age children have never been to school.
B. Countries lose $13 million a year when children do not go to school.
C. The U.N. says there are not enough well-trained teachers.
D. The article says it will take some nations 100 years to achieve literacy.
( ) 4. What does the underlined word literate mean?
A. 受过教育的 B. 不上学的 C.没有工作的 D. 吃不饱的
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( ) 5. What is the best title of this passage?
A. Poor Students B. No School Today
C. The Education of Developing Countries D. Learning Crisis
【参考答案】1-5 BCCAD
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