2019年中考英语：阅读理解基础优题（7）及答案
（2019中考保健与健康类选练）
Cooking Kills Four Million People a Year
Polluted airborne particles（大气悬浮颗粒）kill 7 million people a year, reports the World Health Organization.
That news may not come as a surprise to anyone who has seen images of chimneys in Beijing, Delhi or Mexico. But those factories—or even the jammed roadways of modern cities—are not the biggest killer. Each year, some 4.3 million people die earlier than they should because of polluted air inside their homes, says the WHO.
What’s causing the air inside people’s homes to be so poisonous that it kills around 11,000 people a day? Stoves. “Having an open fire in your kitchen is like burning 400 cigarettes an hour.” says Kirk Smith, a professor at the University of California at Berkeley, whose research suggests that household air pollution from cooking killed between 3.5 million and 4 million people in 2013.
Not all stoves cause this kind of harm. The ones Smith’s talking about are those that the 3 billion people in the developing world use for heat and cooking, which burn solid fuels such as wood, coal, or crop waste instead of gas. The smoke from those fires produces harmful fine particles and carbon monoxide into homes. Poor ventilation then prevents that smoke from escaping, raising fine particle levels 100 times higher than the limits that the WHO considers acceptable.
Breathing this air day in day out finally causes a lot of diseases: more than a third of the 4.3 million die of a stroke, while a quarter die of heart disease. And around one-third of annual lung disease deaths worldwide are due to waste from coal stoves.
Exposure tends to be extremely harmful for the people who spend the most time around the fire—usually women and young children. In fact, the WHO reports that household air pollution almost doubles the risk for childhood lung disease.
1. According to Kirk Smith’s research, ________.
A. factories are the biggest killer worldwide nowadays
B. burning 400 cigarettes an hour is extremely dangerous
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C. household air pollution from cooking is surprisingly harmful
D. some 4.3 million people die earlier each year than they should
2. What should be the deadly killer in a household kitchen?
A. Solid fuels. B. Coal stoves. C. Poor gas. D. Cooking smoke.
3. The underlined word “ventilation” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________.
A. airing B. cooking C. burning D. cooling
4. The author intends to tell people ________.
A. how to avoid polluted air in their homes
B. to stop cooking in the household kitchen
C. to guard against household pollution from cooking
D. how to prevent childhood lung diseases in household
参考答案1 C 2. D 3. A 4. C
【能力选练】 A
【****大丰市第一次调研测试】 D
Sometimes people come into your life and you know at once that they were sure to be there. They serve some sort of purpose(出于某种目的), teach you a lesson or help find out who you are or who you want to become. You never know who these people may be: your classmate, neighbor, teacher, long-lost friend or even a real stranger. But you know that every moment they will affect your life in some serious way.
Sometimes things happen to you. At the time they may seem terrible, painful (痛苦的) and unfair. But later you realize that without getting over those difficulties you would have never realized your further ability and strength. Everything happens for a reason and nothing happens by chance or with good or bad luck.
The people you meet affect your life, and the successes and failure (失败) you experience, create who you are. Even the bad experiences can be learned from. In fact, they are probably the most poignant and important ones.
Enjoy every day even every moment and take from it everything that you possibly can, for you may never be able to experience it again. Talk to people you have never talked
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to before, and really listen. You should set your sights high, hold your head up, tell yourself you are a great one and believe in yourself.
You can make your life anything you wish. Create(创造) your own life and then go out and live it.
41. The people we meet .
A. all know where to find us B. serve us on no purpose
C. won't become our neighbor D. will change us in some way
42. From the passage, we know that bad things can make us .
A. terribly meet bad luck B. realize our further ability
C. find no serious success D. possibly enjoy every moment
43. The underlined word "poignant" in the passage means " ".
A. 平淡的 B. 明显的 C. 深刻的 D. 艰苦的
44. The writer's advice is that we should .
A. never talk to strange people
B. learn as much as we can each day
C. get over difficulties painfully
D. not believe in ourselves but others
45. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. Create Your Own Life B. Hold Your Head Up
C. People You Meet in Life D. Things Happen to You
参考答案 41-45 DBCBA
【能力选练】 B
【****北海市】
Johnny is a middle school student. He is nice, but he often forgets doing his homework. Once, he didn't do his homework. He thought to himself, "I don't want to be punished（惩罚）.So I need a good excuse（借口）" He thought long, "I could say I lost my homework on the bus or on the train." He kept thinking of excuses until it was time for class.
Finally, when the teacher, Miss Smith asked to look at his homework, Johnny said, "Um,
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my dog ate my homework." The teacher was surprised, looked at him for a long time, and then said, "But Johnny, you don't have a dog! All right, come to my office with your pen after class."
Sometimes, excuses don't work. When do something bad, we must learn to be honest（诚实的）.That will not make the problem more serious; that will make others think that you're a better person. And even the dog will like you more, too.
根据短文，判断句子正误，正确的写上A，错误的写上B
61.Johnny is not an excellent student.
62.He often finishes his homework on time.
63.He has a strong dog.
64.From it, we learn that we should be an honest student .
65.Miss Smith knows Johnny doesn't do his homework.
参考答案 （A）61-65 ABABA
【能力选练】 C
阅读下列内容，从每小题所给的三个或四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
The word “day” has two meanings. When we talk about the number of days in a year, we are using “day” to mean 24 hours. But when we talk about day and night, we are using “day” to mean the time between sunrise and sunset. Since the earth looks like a ball, the sun can shine on only half of it at a time. Always one half of the earth is having day and the other half night. A place is moved from day into night and from night into day over and over by the spinning（旋转）of the earth. At the equator（赤道）day and night are sometimes the same length（长度）. They are each twelve hours long. The sun rises at 6 o’clock in the morning and sets at 6 o’clock in the evening. For six months the North Pole is tilted（倾斜）toward the sun. In those months the Northern Hemisphere（半球）gets more hours of sunlight than the Southern Hemisphere. Days are longer than nights. South of the equator nights are longer than days. For the other six months the North Pole is tilted away from the sun. Then the Southern Hemisphere gets more sunlight. Days are longer than nights. North of the
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equator nights are longer than days. Winter is the season of long nights. Summer is the season of long days.
1．When the Western Hemisphere is having day, the Eastern Hemisphere is having ________.
A. both day and night B. day
C. neither day nor night D. night
2．A place is moved from day into night and from night into day over and over by ________ of the earth.
A. the pushing B. the pulling C. the spinning D. the passing
3．At the equator day is as long as night ________.
A. sometimes B. never C. usually D. always
4．When the North Pole is tilted toward the sun, the Northern Hemisphere gets ________ sunlight.
A. less B. more C. all D. no
5．When it is winter in China, ________.
A. the USA is tilted toward the sun
B. the South Pole is tilted away from the sun
C. the North Pole is tilted toward the sun
D. the North Pole is tilted away from the sun
【参考答案】1D 2C 3A 4B 5D
【能力选练】 D
Dear daughter,
You are a wonderful person and your mother and I love you. It will not be long before you leave home to make your way in the world. Can I please give you some friendly advice? Here are some things that you should never do.
1. Never Look Down Upon Yourself.
You are great and able to achieve great things so believe in yourself. When things go badly, never stop believing. Some girls get upset and lose confidence. And then all kinds of problems can follow.
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2. Never Get Upset With Your Looks.
We think you look great . Please be happy with the person you are and the body you have. Eat well, take exercise and be healthy. Some girls become upset because they try to lose weight or get the perfect shape. You look fine.
3. Never spend money more than your income.
Never spend money more than your income and save a little every month. Don’t borrow other’s money if possible.
4. Never Give Less Than Your Best.
We are very proud of what you have succeeded so far. You should be proud too. Keep doing well. Keep trying your hardest at everything you do. No one can ask for more than that.
5. Never Forget That Your Parents Love You.
Whatever happens in life, your family will still be your family. Whatever difficulties you have, you can always talk to us and we will try to help. We are here for you.
Love
Dad
1． From the letter, we can know the daughter will _________soon.
A. leave school B. go to college
C. go to another city D. face lots of difficulties
2．According to the father, some girls become upset because they __________.
A. aren’t healthy enough B. don’t make enough money
C. don’t have good jobs D. try to have the perfect shape
3．When someone gets upset and loses confidence, _________________.
A. nobody will love him B. he can’t get good income
C. all problems will follow him D. his parents won’t believe in him anymore
4．The father thinks his daughter has been a _____________person.
A. happy B. successful C. perfect D. hard-working
5．The father writes this letter to his daughter in order to tell her_____________.
A. that her parents love her B. what she should never do
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C. how she can become successful D. that her parents will always help her
【答案】
1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．B
【解析】
试题分析：女儿将很快离开学校，父亲用信的方式告诉女儿不要做的几件事情：不要看不起自己，不要对自己的长相感到沮丧，不要忘记父母是爱你的等。
1．A细节理解题。据It will not be long before you leave home to make your way in the world. 和上下文可知，从信中我们能知道女儿将很快离开学校。故正确答案为A。
2．D细节理解题。根据Some girls become upset because they try to lose weight or get the perfect shape.可知，根据父亲的说法，一些女孩变得沮丧因为他们试图有一个完美的形体。故该题正确答案为D。
3．C细节理解题。根据Some girls get upset and lose confidence. And then all kinds of problems can follow. 可知，当有人变得沮丧和失去信心，所有的问题将跟随着他。即该题选C。
4．B细节理解题。根据4. Never Give Less Than Your Best.
We are very proud of what you have succeeded so far. 可知，这个爸爸认为他的女儿是一个成功的人。故正确答案为B。
5．B主旨大意题。根据Here are some things that you should never do. 可知，这个爸爸写信给他的女儿为了告诉她她永远不该做什么。故正确答案为B。
【难度】一般
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