高中英语教学笔记:13 课堂例句选用七点 课堂教学中,讲解词汇用法和解释语法的时候,必须通过举例说明。举例,主要通过例句来完成,该利用什么样的句子来说明,有值得注意的地方。比如,老师一定要事先有准备,避免信口开河,随口造出不正确的句子。有的句子语法上正确,但是不符合英语习惯;还有的句子可能是内容不积极。英语课堂举例可以考虑这几个方面:
一、复现课文,加深记忆
接触一个新词就要造句,对于学生来说有一定挑战,如何降低难度?从课本入手是一个好办法。例如,在讲必修2 Unit 2 The Olympic Games(Reading)的词组“play a part/role in”的时候,我先要求学生回忆以前课文学过的句子。因句子来自课文,学生比较熟悉,他们都踊跃发言、争先恐后地说是哪个哪个单元的,有些就能准确地说出是必修l Unit2的“Geography also plays a part in making dialects.”这样,学生的学习热情高涨,课堂气氛随之活跃,学生以前的知识又得到了巩固。
在必修2 Unit1中学到there is no doubt这个句型,让学生造句“毫无疑问,我和姐姐毕业后要来一次大的骑行活动”(There is no doubt that my sister and I will take a great bike trip after graduation.),这例子就复习了必修1Unit2的课文。
二、难度放低,易于接受
作为例句,不宜过于冗长复杂,否则会影响学生的理解和记忆而达不到举例效果。真可能“你不讲我还明白,你越说我越不明白了”。比如在辨析词义或句型时,教师应尽量选用有代表性,有示范性的简明扼要的例句,以使学生较容易地弄清他们之间的区别。请看下面的例句。注意其优点:
a)He was badly wounded and he needed help badly.他伤得很厉害,特别需要帮助。
b)last year, the young man took charge of the farm after his father`s death.And now he is in charge of the farm./the farm is in charge of him.去年,那年轻人在他父亲死后就管理这个农场。现在他负责这个农场,这农场在他的负责之下。
C)The boss insisted that the man had stolen the money and insisted that he sho划)leave the company at once.老板坚持说那个人偷了钱并坚持要求他立刻离开公司。
以上的句子都有个共同点,就是要辨析的词语出现在同一个句子里,具有很强的代表性、对比性和说服力。学生自然而然就可以领悟到它们的区别。
三、生动幽默、妙语提神
生动有趣的例句是活跃课堂气氛,激发学生兴趣,克服紧张心理的一种重要手段。教师应尽量使用幽默、有趣、生动的例句来唤起学学们的笑声,给他们创造一个轻松、愉悦的课堂气氛。例如在讲定语从句的关系副词when和where用法的时候,我举例用了流行的“穿越”概念:I wish I could travel through time back to a year more 2000 years ago when I could be a follower of Confucius. If possible, I’d like to visit a place where all people still live in old buildings.然后让大家照例子造句。
在讲lie(躺,位于),lay(放置,下蛋)用法的时候,我举例:The liar who was lying on the floor lied to me that the cock laid an egg when he was laying the table.一句话把几个意思都包含进来,学生看了不禁哈哈大笑。
四、就地取材,入心动情
上课的时候还可以就地取材,谈论本地、本校及本班的人和事,谈到熟悉的事情或者本班师生自然会引起同学们注意,趣味性大大增强。
必修2 Unit2 admit词用法,有“录取”意思,于是举例“当得知我被纪念中学录取的消息,全家人都非常高兴。”I was admitted to Sun Yat-sen Memorial Middle school, which made my whole family excited. Unit 3 有这样一个句子:It’s a great responsibility but also a great honour to be chosen.我让学生用此结构结合自身造句:It’s a great responsibility but also a great honour to do sth.
五、内容正面,积极感人
例句的选择既要能体现所学语言结构特点,在内容上应该充满正能量,能激发正面情感,对学生有教育,鼓舞和启迪的作用。这样寓教育于教学,让学生懂得且记住例句,那么他们自然就会受到例句所蕴含的思想的熏陶,此类例句可结合社会公德、法律法规、爱国教育、校纪校规等举出。例如讲解句型“It+be+adj./n.+for/of sb.+to do sth.”,可以举出以下例句:
(1)It`s necessary for all of us to obey the school regulations and rules.
我们都必须遵守校级校规。
(2)It`s not a good idea for the students to cheat in the exam.
学生考试作弊是不对的。
名人名言和一些格言警句,不仅语言优美精炼还充满人生哲理。比如讲定语从句引用这一段影星奥黛丽•赫本谈到女人的美时说的一番话:
The beauty of a woman is not in the clothes she wears, the figure that she carries, or the way she combs her hair. The beauty of a woman must be seen from in her eyes, because that is the doorway to her heart, the place where love resides.
拿破仑这句名言既有定语从句,也包含了一个短语make up one’s mind。
The man who has made up his mind to win will never say “impossible”.----Napoleon
凡是决心取得胜利的人是从来不说”不可能”的.----拿破仑
六、引进时事,新鲜有味
在讲主语从句的时候,用这个谈热点话题全球变暖的句子:
Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it`s obvious that a majority of the President`s advisers still don`t take global warming seriously.
七、文学气息,英语韵味
You cannot improve your past, but you can improve your future. Once time is wasted, life is wasted.你不能改变你的过去,但你可以让你的未来变得更美好。一旦时间浪费了,生命就浪费了。
Personality is to a man what perfume is to a flower.
此句可用来讲解 A is to B what C is to D结构。
I`d climb the highest mountain, just to see your smile. I`d swim across the ocean, just to hold your hand. I`d run a million miles, just to be with you forever.
此句可用来讲解动词不定式作目的状语的语法现象。
高中英语课堂不应该是沉闷、乏味的,而应该是生机勃勃、充满欢声笑语的;不应该是老师一个人在唱独角戏,而应该是学生勇于参与课堂教学活动的大舞台。我们教师要根据学生的认知水平和思维能力,以学生为中心选择和运用合适的例句,把思想性、教育性、实用性、趣味性和可接受性有机结合起来,化难为易,化平淡为神奇,化枯燥为引人入胜。只有这样,才能让学生“动”起来,才能让高中英语课堂“动”起来,从而实现教学效果和学习效率的双赢,体现新课标的真正的内涵。