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2019高考英语一轮阅读理解选练（9）
李仕才
A
It has always been thought that alcohol causes people to put on weight because it contains a lot of sugar, but new research suggests a glass a day cold form part of a diet. Looking at past studies they found that, while heavy drinkers do put on weight; those who drink in moderation can actually lose weight.
A spokesman for the research team at Navarro University in Spain says, ＂Light to moderate alcohol intake, especially of wine, may be more likely to protect against, rather than promote, weight gain.＂ The International Scientific Forum on Alcohol research reviewed the findings and agreed with most of the conclusions, particularly that data do not clearly indicate if moderate drinking increases weight.
Boston University’s Dr. Harvey Finkel found that the biologic mechanisms(生物学机制) relating alcohol to changes in body weight are not properly understood. His team pointed out the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions like diabetes(糖尿病), which relate to increasing obesity. Some studies suggest that even very obese people may be at lower risk of diabetes if they are moderate drinkers.
The group says alcohol provides calories that are quickly absorbed into the body and are not stored in fat, and that this process could explain the differences in its effects from those of other foods. They agree that future research should be directed towards assessing the roles of different types of alcoholic drinks, taking into consideration drinking patterns and including the past tendency of participants to gain weight.
For now there is little evidence that consuming small to moderate amounts of alcohol on a regular basis increases one’s risk of becoming obese. What’s more, a study three years ago suggested that resveratrol, a compound present in grapes and red wine destroys fat cells.
1.The passage is mainly for those_________.
A. who produce wine
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B. who have a drinking habit
C. who go on a diet
D. who are eager to lose weight
2.The underlined phrase＂ in moderation＂ in the first paragraph means _________.
A. excitedly B. carefully
C. frequently D. properly
3.What can we learn from the passage?
A. Current data clearly show that moderate drinking increases weight.
B. Resveratrol is proved to increase the risk of becoming fat.
C. The research found moderate drinking has a strong protective effect.
D. The specific roles of different types of alcoholic drinks are very clear.
4.What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?
A. How to do some easy experiments.
B. How to reduce the calories contained in wine.
C. How to prove the finding mentioned above.
D. How to make wine in a healthy way.
【文章大意】文章讲述了饮酒和健康的关系，告诉我们适量葡萄酒还会减肥。
1.B【解析】推理判断题。文章讲述了饮酒和健康的关系，比如和肥胖、疾病等的关系。所以说是写给有 喝酒习惯的人的，故选B。
2.D【解析】猜测词义题。与上句形成对比，此处指适量饮酒的人事实上能减肥，moderation＂适度＂与D 项同义，故选D。
4.C【解析】推理判断题。文章最后讲到葡萄酒和红酒混合会破坏肥胖细胞，所以下文会证明这一观点， 故选C。
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B
(2015·呼和浩特调研)
We don’t always get a second chance to achieve our dreams.But some people are lucky，like Matthew McConaughey.Once almost unknown，the actor has recently found himself back on the list of the best actors in Hollywood.His new movie Interstellar is just another sign that his career reinvention has been an incredible success.“The film relies on McConaughey’s performance to hold together the emotional story of a father and his daughter against the background of space travel at the end of the world，”Forbes commented.
But only years ago，the Texas native was often the butt of jokes(笑柄) about being too handsome.In 1993，after meeting with director Richard Linklater，McConaughey starred in Dazed and Confused.And a Hollywood career was born，mostly in romantic comedies.For a long time，the whole world believed McConaughey was just a handsome guy with comic talent.
But McConaughey stopped starring in that type of movie，and began to use his looks differently.Slowly he built up his reputation as a serious actor.In 2013，McConaughey was offered to play an AIDS activist in Dallas Buyers Club.The role saw the normally muscular actor losing 50 pounds in order to appear sick.His performance won him an Oscar for Best Actor.
The actor gave thanks to someone he has always looked up to as a hero during his Oscar acceptance speech.When he was 15，the actor said，he decided that his hero would be himself in 10 years.But 10 years later，he pushed the deadline ahead another decade.Then 10 years later，another decade.“My hero’s always 10 years away，”he said.“I’m never going to attain that.That keeps me with somebody to keep on chasing.”Or perhaps constantly chasing the chance to be his own hero has given him a second chance to pursue his dreams.
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【解题导语】 本文是一篇人物介绍，主要讲述了演员McConaughey因不满足自己所取得的成绩，不断挑战自我，努力向前，最终成为闻名好莱坞的著名演员，成就了自己梦想的故事。
1．Why was McConaughey often the butt of jokes in his early career?
A．He was limited to handsome roles.
B．He was unknown to the audience.
C．He played in romantic comedies.
D．He was handsome and emotional.
解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the Texas native was often the butt of jokes(笑柄) about being too handsome...the whole world believed McConaughey was just a handsome guy with comic talent”可知，因长相帅气而局限于他扮演的潇洒帅气的角色而被当作笑柄。故A项正确。
2．What role won McConaughey an Oscar for Best Actor?
A．A caring father.
B．An AIDS activist.
C．A serious buyer.
D．A strong hero.
解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In 2013，McConaughey was offered to play an AIDS activist...His performance won him an Oscar for Best Actor.”可知，B项正确。
3．What can we learn about McConaughey?
A．He was born in Hollywood.
B．He has become a hero of his own.
C．He wasn’t famous until recently.
D．He isn’t content with his achievements.
解析：选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“he decided that his hero would be himself in 10 years...Then 10 years later，another decade.”可排除B项；根据第一段中的“Once almost unknown，the actor has recently found himself back on the list of the best actors
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in Hollywood.”可知，他曾经出名过，排除C项；根据最后一段中的“I’m never going to attain that.That keeps me with somebody to keep on chasing.”可知由于不满足于现状，他不断追逐梦想；选项A全文并未涉及。故D项正确。
4．Which of the following can be the best title?
A．McConaughey，a Romantic Comedian
B．McConaughey，a Man Making a Hit
C．McConaughey，a Man Daring to Change
D．McConaughey，Handsome and Talented
解析：选C。标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，文章主要讲述了著名演员McConaughey永不满足于现状，不断挑战自我的事情。故C项正确。
C
Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling. Recycling in the home is very important of course. However，being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with the results of overconsumption in the greenest way possible，but it would be far better if we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place.
The total amount of packaging increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005.It now makes up a third of a typical household's waste in the UK.In many supermarkets nowadays food items are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard.
Too much packaging is doing serious damage to the environment. The UK，for example，is running out of it for carrying this unnecessary waste.If such packaging is burnt，it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect.Recycling helps，but the process itself uses energy. The solution is not to produce such items in the first place. Food waste is a serious problem，too. Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need. However，a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue，encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags，for example.
But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to associate packaging with quality. We have learned to think that something unpackaged
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is of poor quality. This is especially true of food. But it also applies to a wide range of consumer products，which often have far more packaging than necessary.
There are signs of hope. As more of us recycle，we are beginning to realize just how much unnecessary material are collecting. We need to face the wastefulness of our consumer culture，but we have a mountain to climb.
Ⅰ.根据短文，写一篇30词左右的摘要
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Ⅱ.根据所读短文，选出最佳答案
1．What does the underlined phrase “overconsumption” refer to?
A．Using too much packaging.
B．Recycling too many wastes.
C．Making more products than necessary.
D．Having more material than is needed.
2．The author uses figures in Paragraph 2 to show ________.
A．the tendency of cutting household waste
B．the increase of packaging recycling
C．the rapid growth of super markets
D．the fact of packaging overuse
3．According to the text，recycling ________.
A．helps control the greenhouse effect
B．means burning packaging for energy
C．is the solution to gas shortage
D．leads to a waste of land
4．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A．Unpackaged products are of bad quality.
B．Supermarkets care more about packaging.
C．It is improper to judge quality by packaging.
D．Other products are better packaged than food.
5．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．Fighting wastefulness is difficult.
B．Needless material is mostly recycled.
C．People like collecting recyclable waste.
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D．The author is proud of their consumer culture.
参考答案
Ⅰ
Recycling is one way to help environment，but what's most important is that we don't overconsume or pay too much attention to packaging when we are shopping.(27 words)
Ⅱ
1．解析：从前句的being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need知道我们是在 “过度消费”或“过量消费”。答案：D、
2．解析：increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005说明包装盒的消费量增长迅速，由此可知答案。答案：D、
3．解析：从Recycling helps可知答案。答案：A、
4．解析：人们习惯了把包装与产品质量联系起来，意为包装不好的东西就意味着品质不好。答案：C、
5．解析：从最后一句We need to face the wastefulness of our consumer culture，but we have a mountain to climb可知答案。答案：A、
D
(2015·银川质量检测)
In September of 2013，residents of Bexar County celebrated the opening of the Biblio Tech Library.It is one of the first libraries in America to go completely digital and perhaps it will lead the way for others to follow.To check out a book in this digital library，users link their library card to the 3M Cloud Library App.Then they can look through the library catalogue and check out a total of five books at any given time.When the books are due，they are automatically removed from the ereader.Biblio Tech offers free tablets，laptops and computers which can be used within the library.It also offers study rooms and lounge areas where people can work together and other libraries are also in on the trend.
Despite the move towards digital，the Biblio Tech Library is currently the only digital library in the nation.However，the bookless library has been attempted before.Sadly，this change proved to be far too ahead of its time.Within a few
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years，the library began providing materials along with the digital materials due to requests from the library members.
Libraries are in the middle of a great change.Just a decade ago，the main focus was to lend materials to the public，but recently they have been placing more emphasis on programs to help and educate the community.A library is no longer simply a place to check out books.
Digital libraries are the future.In the next 100 years or so，books in print may be completely replaced by their digital competitors.While these can be more convenient for libraries and library members，I am still going to be fond of books in print.I will miss the smell of the paper，because those are things I grew to love about readings.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。2013年9月，美国Bexar县的居民庆祝第一家Biblio科技图书馆的成立。文章通过Biblio科技图书馆成立这件事，向我们介绍了与传统图书馆相比，电子图书馆的优势及未来图书馆的发展方向。
1．What does Paragraph 1 mainly talk about?
A．The opening of the Biblio Tech Library.
B．The improvement of the Biblio Tech Library.
C．The importance of the Biblio Tech Library.
D．The introduction of the Biblio Tech Library.
解析：选D。段落大意题。通读第一段可知，本段主要通过Biblio科技图书馆成立这件事，向读者介绍了一种新型的电子图书馆及这种图书馆的使用方法。故答案选D。
2．What can be inferred about libraries from the text?
A．The function expands.
B．The income increases.
C．The development slows down.
D．The business declines.
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解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第三段“Libraries are in the middle of a great change...A library is no longer simply a place to check out books.”可推知，图书馆的功能增加了。故答案选A。
3．The writer seems to be a person who ________.
A．is crazy about ereaders
B．works in a library
C．misses the old days
D．is hopeless about the future
解析：选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句“...I am still going to be fond of books in print.I will miss the smell of the paper，because those are things I grew to love about readings.”可知，作者仍喜欢阅读纸质图书，会怀念纸质图书的味道，也正是因为它们作者才爱上了阅读。由此可知，作者是个怀旧的人。故答案选C。
E
Working with a group of baboons (狒狒) in the Namibian desert，Dr.Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology，Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food，hidden in a box.Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task，while others had to learn for themselves.To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were，Dr.Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.
She found that personality had a major impact on learning.The braver baboons learnt，but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did.In effect，despite being made aware of what to do，they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did.
The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones.The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not，even though they spent more time watching.
This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that
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personality plays a key role in social learning in animals，something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things.The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive (认知的) tasks not because they aren't clever enough to solve them，but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.
The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning.If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they don't associate with the knowledgeable individuals，or they are too shy to use the information once they have it，information may not travel between all group members，preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning.
1．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．The design of Dr.Carter's research.
B．The results of Dr.Carter's research.
C．The purpose of Dr.Carter's research.
D．The significance of Dr.Carter's research.
2．According to the research，which baboons are more likely to complete a new learning task?
A．Those that have more experience.
B．Those that can avoid potential risks.
C．Those that like to work independently.
D．Those that feel anxious about learning.
3．Which best illustrates the “mismatch” mentioned in Paragraph 4?
A．Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning.
B．Some baboons are shy but active in social activities.
C．Some baboons observe others but don't follow them.
D．Some baboons perform new tasks but don't concentrate.
4．Dr.Carter's findings indicate that our culture might be formed through ________.
A．storing information
B．learning from each other
C．understanding different people
D．travelling between social groups
答案：
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【语篇解读】 本文是一篇科普说明文。剑桥大学的一些研究人员通过对狒狒的研究发现，影响狒狒学习成效的因素不是它们的智力，而是其性格以及对学习的渴望程度。这一研究结果也适用于人类社会：如果我们不善于与他人沟通或太胆怯而不能利用所得到的信息，那么会阻碍以社会学习为基础的文化的形成。
1．A 解析：推理判断题。第一段描述了研究人员如何开展这一研究的具体细节：把新奇的食物和熟悉的食物藏在一个盒子里，有些狒狒有机会观看另外一只狒狒是如何完成任务的，而另外一些狒狒则不得不自学完成任务，因此选A项“卡特博士研究的设计”，而非研究的“结果”“目的”或“重要性”。
2．D 解析：细节理解题。由文章第二段中The braver baboons learnt，but the shy ones did not learn...及第三段中The anxious individuals learnt...while those who were relaxed did not...这些对实验的描述可知D项“那些渴望学习的狒狒”符合题意。
3．C 解析：推理判断题。该词所在上文，即第二、三段提到在观察了别的狒狒之后，勇敢的、渴望学习的狒狒学到本领，而害羞的狒狒学了却不像别的狒狒那样去做；再根据between collecting social information and using it可知与“收集”和“使用”对应的是“观察别人但不跟着做”，即C项。
4．B 解析：细节理解题。最后一段首句The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning.意为“研究结果可能会影响我们如何理解社会文化的形成，该文化的形成是通过社会学习获得的”。换言之，作者认为我们的文化是通过social learning而形成的，与B项“互相学习”相呼应，而非“储存信息”“理解不同的人”或“在社会群体间传播”。
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