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2019高考英语一轮阅读理解选练（12）
李仕才
A
Friendship is one of the basic bonds between human beings. While the characteristics of friendship might vary from one country to another, people from all cultures not only enjoy friends but need them.
Many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders. It has been shown that teenagers, perhaps more than any other age group, need companionship and a sense of belonging. The negative consequences of loneliness have also been observed among the elderly. The death of a spouse often leaves a widow or a widower totally bereft. If, however, they are surrounded by friends and relatives and if they are able to express their feelings, they are more likely to recover from their grief.
“No man is an island.” In other words, we are all parts of society. We all need the love, admiration, respect and moral support of other people. If we are fortunate, our friends will provide us with all of these necessary aspects of life.
As most people observe, there are many levels of friendship. The degree or intensity of friendship varies depending on the personality of the individuals involved and the context of the relationships. Outgoing persons enjoy being surrounded by many people whereas shy persons are perhaps content with fewer but more intense friendships.
Everyone is not equally open with all their friends. The degree of closeness is determined by many factors. Close friends can be formed at any stage in one’s life but they are usually very rare. Not very many people have more than a few really close friends. Regardless of the level of closeness, all friendships are based on reciprocity (互惠), honesty and a certain amount of love and affection.
1.Who are more likely to suffer from psychological disorders without friends?
A. Teenagers. B. Adults.
C. The elderly. D.A couple.
2.What does the sentence “No man is an island” really mean?
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A. No man is willing to live on an island.
B. Man usually doesn’t go to an island
C. Everyone is related with our society.
D. Our society is just like an island.
3.What can we learn about outgoing people?
A. They like being alone.
B. They are fond of making friends.
C. They have intense friendships.
D. They have fewer close friends indeed
4.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A. The formation of close friends.
B. The number of real friends.
C. Honesty, love and affection.
D. Factors to determine the degree of closeness.
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论讲述的是友谊的重要性。不论是青少年还是老年人，都需要朋友的陪伴。没有人是孤立的，每个人都是社会的一部分，都需要他人的爱、陪伴和关心。人人需要友谊，需要归属感。
1.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段首句“Many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders.”可知，没有朋友的青少年更可能遭受精神疾病。故选A。
3.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段尾句“Outgoing persons enjoy being surrounded by many people whereas shy persons are perhaps content with fewer but more intense friendships.”可在，外向的人喜欢交朋友。故选B。
4.D 【解析】段落大意题。通读最后一段可知，本段讲述亲密程度是由许多因素决定的，不管亲密程度如何，友谊都是建立在互惠，真诚，爱和情感的基础上的。
B
(2015·黑龙江哈尔滨高三统考)
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Hunger is the greatest motive for the inexperienced cook.But many people are now worried that we are producing a generation without the slightest idea of how to cook—a generation that is frightened to cook.I have just received a handout from Focus on Food，which is running a competition to get children back into the kitchen.Has television cooking become a replacement for the real thing？Is this an age where famous professional cooks have turned cooking into a sort of show，with dishes far too difficult for the beginner to copy?
I decided to ask my oldest daughter，Miranda，for her opinion.Are children learning enough about the importance of good cooking？Do they know cooking is a basic life skill？Sociology and other “new” subjects are all very well，but without the ability to cook，or to understand the pleasure and principles of good food and its relationship to good health，are we really preparing them for adult life?
Miranda started her cooking at the age of nine，when she decided to enter the Sainsbury’s Future Cook competition.She was motivated by a different kind of greed：the first prize—a trip to Disney World.
The problem，from the parental point of view，was that if she made it through to the regional (区域性的) finals，she would have to cook her meal in front of the judges.Some 30,000 children entered and she made it through as the youngest regional finalist.Now she had to learn to cook.Her hands were not even big enough to hold the knife and slice the onions.Six Saturdays running we ate the same lunch—Mozzarella meatballs in fresh tomato juice and blueberry.
First，she cooked by my side，then alone with timings and instructions.Finally，she went alone against the clock.The kitchen looked like a battlefield，but she had gained victory.The tiny becapped figure then stood in an unknown Bristol hotel，looking like a professional who had been at the stove for years.She didn’t win，but she came home with ￡50 and the most valuable part of them
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all：confidence.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者的女儿参加了一个以让孩子回归厨房为目的的烹饪比赛，为此孩子努力学习烹饪，虽然最后没有赢得比赛，但却赢得了信心。
1．The competition run by Focus on Food is intended for ________.
A．children B．parents
C．teachers D．chefs
解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第一段第三句“...Focus on Food，which is running a competition to get children back into the kitchen.”可知，这个比赛是为孩子们举办的。故选A。
2．Why does the writer think cooking is so important?
A．It is an easy way to keep healthy.
B．It helps develop relationships.
C．It is a necessary skill for life.
D．It can save a lot of money.
解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Do you know cooking is a basic life skill？”可知，作者认为烹饪是一种基本的生活技能，是必需的。故选C。
3．The writer’s family had the same lunch on six Saturdays because________.
A．the family stuck to healthy food
B．Miranda had to practise cooking
C．the dish was the family’s only food
D．the dish was Miranda’s favorite meal
解析：选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Now she had to learn to cook...Six Saturdays running we ate the same lunch”可知，作者的女儿作为地区年龄最小的选手进入了决赛，女儿要为比赛做准备，所以她要练习烹饪，做饭给家人吃。故选B。
4．What did Miranda gain from the competition?
A．A trip to Disney World.
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B．Support from friends.
C．A medal for the winner.
D．Belief in herself.
解析：选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“but she came home with ￡50 and the most valuable part of them all：confidence”可知，Miranda在比赛中收获了信心。故选D。
C
The Taj Mahan (泰姬陵) is a love story，a sad and beautiful
one.If it didn’t exist，we would easily imagine that the story of its
construction was simply a fairy tale.Three hundred years ago，there
lived an Indian emperor called Shah Jahan.His wife was a beautiful
and bright woman whom he loved greatly.Her title was Mumtazl Mahan：its shortened form Taj Mahan，means “pride of the palace”.In the year 1630 this beloved wife of the emperor died.He was so brokenhearted that he thought of giving up his throne.He decided out of his love for his wife，to build her the most beautiful tomb that had ever been seen.
He summoned the best artists and architects from India，Turkey，Persia and Arabia and finally，the design was complete.It took more than twenty thousand men working over a period of 18 years to build the Taj Mahan，one of the most beautiful buildings in the world.
The building itself stands on a marble.Platform 29 meters square and 67 meters high.Towers rise from each of the four corners.The Taj itself soars another 61 meters into the air.It is an eightsided building made of white marble.
The emperor planned to build an identical tomb of black marble for himself on the other side of the river connected by a silver bridge.However his son put him into a prison in the palace before he could finish，and for the rest of his life，he could only gaze across river at the tomb of his beloved wife.
1.The whole passage tells us about________.
A.a beautiful fairy tale
B.the story of the Taj Mahan
C.white and black marble tombs made for two emperors
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D.the love story of emperor Shah Jahan and his wife
2.Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Taj Mahan?
A.It was completed quickly owing to the efforts of the best artists and workers.
B.A lot of people took part in the building work.
C.It is a magnificent building.
D.It is a tomb for the emperor’s beloved wife.
3.The emperor’s own tomb was designed to be________.
A.61 meters high B.eightsided
C.blackcolored D.whitecolored
4.The emperor________.
A.died soon after Taj Mahan died
B.was killed by his son
C.was beloved by his people
D.died after 1648
1.After school I couldn’t help sharing what had happened in the morning with our headmaster.(完形填空倒数第二段第一句)
放学后，我禁不住地与校长分享今天上午的事。
(1)She couldn’t help smiling.
她禁不住地笑了起来。
(2)She couldn’t help envying Helen.
她不由地妒忌海伦。
(3)He knows nothing about it，so he can’t help to do any of your work.
他什么也不知道，所以不能帮你的工作。
2.The next morning，however，I found out that almost everyone had forgotten this matter except Willard Franklin.(完形填空第三段第一句)
第二天早晨，我却发现除了Willard Franklin，其他人都忘记了这件事。
(1)The restaurant is open every day except Monday.
这家饭店除星期一外，每天都营业。
(2)I can answer all the questions except for the last.
除了最后一个，我可以回答所有的问题。
(3)There will be five of us for dinner，besides John.
除约翰外还有我们五个人要一起吃饭。
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(4)Everyone was there but him.
除了他之外，所有的人都在。
3.If it didn’t exist，we would easily imagine that the story of its construction was simply a fairy tale.(阅读理解第一段第二句)
如果(泰姬陵)不存在，我们就会把它的修建故事轻易地想象成一个简单的神话故事。
(1)Imagine that you are in London.
想象一下你正在伦敦吧。
(2)I can’t imagine that anyone cares what I do.
我想不出谁会关心我的所作所为。
(3)I imagine he’ll be there.
我猜他会到那儿去。
【参考答案】1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D
D
(2015·甘肃兰州质检)
Personal moneymanagement website Mint.com suggests recently that responsible parents should give their kids credit cards—possibly starting as young as middle school.The website says a credit card will help children master responsible spending habits and give parents the chance to teach them some valuable lessons.
It’s absolutely true that kids should learn about how a credit card works and how to use it responsibly.But the idea that they need a card of their own to practise is questionable.
Yes，credit cards are a teaching tool，but it’s the time you spend educating them about money management that does the teaching，not the piece of plastic.Sit down with your child—here we are referring to teens and walk them through your credit card statements.Point out important things like the due date，late fee warning，and APR(年贷款利率)．
If you have good credit，adding a child as an authorized user onto one of your credit cards also provides teachable moments.Allow kids to use the card to make
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specific purchases and require their participation in payment.
Since the card is still in your name，you can take them off it at any point and cut off their access if they’re not able to handle the responsibility.
Another option is to set them up with an account at a local bank that offers free use of a debit card(借记卡)．Unlike credit card，the debit card has no overdraft(透支) function.Children can only use the card to pay for things and the money is taken directly from their bank account.If the account is empty，the worst that will happen is the card being declined at a cash register.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。一家网站认为给孩子办理信用卡有助于孩子养成良好的消费习惯，增强他们的责任感。但是作者认为，父母教育孩子管理钱财的最好办法是把孩子添加为自己的信用卡授权用户或为孩子建立借记卡账户。
1．Why does Mint.com advise parents to give middle school kids credit cards?
A．To leave their kids financially independent.
B．To help their kids form good spending habits.
C．To teach their kids how to save pocket money.
D．To strengthen the relationship with their kids.
解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The website says a credit card will help children master responsible spending habits and...”可知，该网站认为，父母给孩子办理信用卡有助于孩子养成良好的消费习惯。故选B项。
2．The author considers a credit card as a teaching tool because ________.
A．it motivates teens to ask their parents for less financial support
B．it helps teenagers to know some basic knowledge of credit cards
C．it contains detailed financial information on the card surface
D．it offers parents the chance to teach kids to manage money
解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Yes，credit cards are a teaching tool，but it’s the time you spend educating them about money management that does
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the teaching，not the piece of plastic.”可知，作者认为信用卡是一种教育工具，是因为孩子使用信用卡给了父母一个教孩子如何管理钱财的机会。故选D项。
3．What is the purpose of adding kids as credit card authorized users?
A．To avoid extremely high overdraft fees.
B．To encourage them to share household expenses.
C．To teach them to be responsible credit card users.
D．To help them pay close attention to their bank account.
解析：选C。细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“...adding a child as an authorized user...Allow kids to use the card to make specific purchases and require their participation in payment.”和倒数第二段中的“if they’re not able to handle the responsibility”可知，把孩子添加为信用卡授权用户，可以使孩子为自己的消费买单，这有助于孩子成为有责任心的信用卡用户。故选C项。
4．What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?
A．Further information about the debit card.
B．The overdraft functions of a debit card.
C．More disadvantages of credit cards.
D．The kids’ attitude towards a credit card.
解析：选A。预测推断题。文章的最后一段提到了另一种选择是为孩子们建立借记卡账户，并简单介绍了其与信用卡的不同，由此可推知，文章接下来最有可能会介绍借记卡的更多信息。故选A项。
E
Selena Gomez and I are scheduled to meet at a lowkey coffee shop in Encino. Not wanting to keep the superstar waiting, I arrived at nine, 20 minutes early. As I was catching up on emails, Selena quietly scooted into the seat next to me. No bodyguard. Not even a drop of makeup. She was ten minutes early and so inconspicuous that no one else in the restaurant looked up so much. Selena was wearing Bebe shorts. She had a baby face and ordered a hot chocolate.
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After making small talk about what she wore for the shoot, she dived into the subject of her career. Selena declared 2012 the year of movies. She filmed three: Spring Breakers, a drama; The Getaway, an action flick; and Hotel Transylvania, a comedy. Each is a marked move away from the teen style that made her a household name.
Now that her Disney days are behind her, Selena is at that unstable point in a child star's career where she is trying to grow up—both as a person(she turned 20 in July)and as an artist. “Being part of the Disney Channel was such a blessing, and I'm super happy with what my show accomplished, but acting is something I would like to take on more seriously.” She continued, “I don't necessarily feel accomplished. I want to creat a whole different persona when it comes to acting.”
Selena has been working fulltime since she was seven years old and scored a role on Barney&Friends. In 2007, when she was offered the lead in Wizards of Waverly Place, Selena, her mother, and her stepfather uprooted from Grand Prairie, Texas, to LA, where they are settling now.
文章大意：文章介绍了美国名星赛琳娜·戈麦斯的作品和成长经历。
1．When was it that Selena arrived at the lowkey coffee shop?
A．At ten. B．At ten to nine.
C．At ten past nine. D．At thirty past nine.
答案：C 细节理解题。根据第一段的Not wanting to keep the superstar waiting, I arrived at nine, 20 minutes early. As I was catching up on emails, Selena quietly scooted into the seat next to me. She was ten minutes early可知，两人约的是9：20，赛琳娜早到10分钟，故选C。
2．Which of the following statements is ture according to the second paragraph?
A．Selena went into her film career as soon as we met in the coffee shop.
B．Three famous films filmed in 2012 have shown her teen style.
C．The film Hotel Transylvania is an action flick filmed in 2012.
D．Each of the three films marks Selena's move away from her teen style.
答案：D 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句Each is a marked move away from the teen style that made her a household name.可知。
3．How did Selena think of Disney days which were behind her?
A．She thought of playing in Disney a blessing.
B．She didn't feel very satisfied with her show in Disney.
C．She found her not accomplished in her performance in Disney.
D．She believed her being part in Disney Channel a blessing.
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答案：D 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Being part of the Disney Channel was such a blessing, and I'm super happy with what my show accomplished, but acting is something I would like to take on more seriously.”可知。
4．The underlined word in the last paragraph probably means “________”．
A．moved B．picked
C．changed D．informed
答案：A 词义猜测题。根据from Grand Prairie, Texas, to LA, where they are settling now. 可知，是从德克萨斯州到洛杉矶，并定居洛杉矶，可推断出uprooted vi. 迁离。
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