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2019高考英语一轮阅读理解选练（6）
李仕才
A
Illegally traded endangered species that escape, forming secondary populations, offer hope to their long-term survival, a study suggests. "This first came to my attention when I read a news story about the seizure of an illegal shipment of 23 yellow crested cockatoos(小葵花凤头鹦鹉)," said Luke Gibson, a college teacher. He learned that the species was critically endangered, which surprised him.
This encouraged Dr. Gibson and his colleague to investigate(调查)how a critically endangered species had become self-sustaining outside of its natural range. They discovered 49 cases of a globally threatened species becoming established as a separate population, which they hadn’t thought of, including the yellow-crested cockatoo in their city.
"This is a species which is primarily threatened by wildlife trade," he told BBC News. "Poachers(偷猎者)go out into the forest in its native range in eastern Indonesia and capture the bird and then ship them off, usually up to our city where there is a strong demand for pet birds. This is what has fueled the decline of this species in its native range. But it's really interesting because that same cause also had another effect: some of the people who were keeping this species here accidentally or intentionally released them.” As a result of enough of the birds set free, it allowed a new self-sustaining population to be established in this city.
The government in of Dr. Gibson’s city has made it illegal to capture the species, even though it is a non-native species. Because the city is affluent and relatively well educated, the cases of people breaking the law are extremely rare, explained Dr Gibson, unlike in its native range in Indonesia, where capturing birds forms a major source of income.
However, there can be downsides(缺点) to the newly established population of endangered species, such as a limited genetic pool, and suffering from novel diseases. It did also present a possible “very interesting” opportunity for conservationists, Dr. Gibson suggested. This would involve "harvesting" some of the
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newly established secondary population, which may provide a way to help slow global biodiversity loss.
1.What was beyond Gibson’s expectations according to the first paragraph?
A. The high rate of wildlife trade.
B. The preciousness of the birds.
C. The fact that the birds nearly disappear.
D. The news that the birds were poached.
2.What happened unexpectedly when the birds were shipped abroad?
A. They formed a separate population.
B. They were kept as pet birds.
C. They were traded illegally.
D. They were killed for research.
3.Which can replace the underlined word “affluent”?
A. Peace-loving. B. Rich.
C. Free. D. Environment –friendly.
4.For what purpose did the author write the passage?
A. To appeal to everyone to stop the wildlife trade.
B. To explain the challenge the wild birds are facing.
C. To introduce a creative approach to wildlife conservation.
D. To raise people’s awareness of protecting endangered species.
【文章大意】本文为说明文。讲述的是一项研究表明逃跑的非法交易的濒危物种形成了次级群体，为它们的长期生存提供了希望，也呈现了野生生物保护的一种可能的方法。
1.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话 He learned that the species was critically endangered, which surprised him.可知他没有料到的是这些鸟是非常濒危的物种，与C项一致，故选C。
2.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句话可知有些养这种鸟的人偶然地或者故意地放了它们，由此在这个城市里形成了单独的自我维持数量的鸟，故选A。
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4.C 【解析】观点态度题。根据最后一段最后两句话It did also present a possible “very interesting” opportunity for conservationists, Dr. Gibson suggested. This would involve "harvesting" some of the newly established secondary population, which may provide a way to help slow global biodiversity loss.可知本文作者是为了介绍野生生物保护的一种创新的方法，故选C。
B
(2015·山西大学附中第五次月考)
Paper is a cheap and accessible medium that can produce beautiful results.To most people，making a paper plane could be one of the simplest things to do.It’s the simplest and easiest form of paper art.And paper art can be traced back to Japan, where it originated over a thousand years ago.However, there’s a special minority who takes paper art to the next level，magically turning the plain white or colored paper into some of the most amazing artworks.Check out the following artists and their works!
The Danish artist Peter Callesen is famous for his talent in combining the minimalism(极简的) of a white sheet of paper with the complexity of carefully cut and folded paper and uses the two to build out some pleasing works.
The British artist Su Blackwell often goes to secondhand bookstores—to look for
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materials with which she can carve out delicate sculptures.The models look as if they “grow” naturally from the pages of the books.The artist finds inspiration from the book title or a paragraph or picture inside and then spends months carefully slicing each one into an eyecatching paper model.Her old book sculptures sell for up to ￡5，000 each.
By carefully folding simple pieces of paper, German artist Simon Schubert creates amazing masterpieces.He turns paper into architectural masterpieces by folding a simple piece of paper to shape the creases(褶痕), then unfolding it to show the fascinating artwork.
Another master of paperfolding is Jen Stark.Her artwork is often in the form of colorful caves and topographic(地形的) maps.Using her vivid imagination and a special knife, she is a modern day magician who turns humble materials like construction paper and glue into fantastic，complicated sculptures that puzzle the eyes.Her work draws inspiration from nature.
1．According to the passage, paper art ________．
A．is about planefolding
B．is most prosperous in Japan
C．dates back to 1000 B．C.
D．is now on a new level
2．The British artist mentioned in the passage ________．
A．combines the minimalism and complexity of paper
B．often gets inspired by secondhand books
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C．makes architectural masterpieces with Simon Schubert
D．is a magician who uses simple paper materials
3．According to the passage, Jen Stark ________．
A．is from Germany
B．uses paper to build complicated shapes
C．creates things too puzzling to understand
D．works also as a magician
4．What does the underlined word “humble” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A．Common and popular.
B．Simple and cheap.
C．Useless and priceless.
D．Numb and meaningless.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。纸艺术历史悠久，当今纸艺术已发展到了一个新高度。本文主要介绍了几个在纸艺术方面造诣颇深的艺术家。
1．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However，there’s a special minority who takes paper art to the next level，magically turning the plain white or colored paper into some of the most amazing artworks.”可知，现在有一些人能魔术般地将普通的白纸或彩纸制作成令人惊叹的艺术作品，将纸艺术发展到了一个新的水平。故答案选D。
2．解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The British artist Su Blackwell often goes to secondhand bookstores...The artist finds inspiration from the book title or a paragraph or picture inside”可知，文章中所提到的这位英国艺术家经常从旧书中得到灵感。故答案选B。
3．解析：选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“she is a modern day magician who turns humble materials like construction paper and glue into fantastic，complicated
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sculptures that puzzle the eyes”可知，Jen Stark可以将纸变成形状复杂、令人惊异的艺术作品。故答案选B。
4．解析：选B。词义猜测题。“humble”后面的“construction paper and glue”意为“美术纸和胶水”，且和下文“fantastic，complicated sculptures”形成对比可知，美术纸和胶水都是一些很简单且便宜的物品；由此可推知，“humble”的意思应为“简单的，便宜的”。故答案选B。
C
I recently heard a story about a famous research scientist who had made several very important medical achievements. A newspaper reporter interviewed him why he was able to be so much more creative than the average person. What set him so far apart from others?
He responded that it all came from an experience with his mother that occurred when he was about two years old. He had been trying to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he dropped the slippery bottle, spilling its contents all over the kitchen floor—a real sea of milk!
When his mother came into the kitchen，instead of shouting at him, giving him a lecture or punishing him, she said, “Robert, what a great and wonderful mess you have made! I have rarely seen such a huge pool of milk. Well, the damage has already been done. Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up？”
Indeed, the boy did. After a few minutes, his mother said, “You know, Robert, whenever you make a mess like this, eventually you have to clean it up and restore everything to its proper order. How would you like to do that? We could use a sponge(海绵)，a towel or a mop. Which do you prefer？” He chose the sponge and together they cleaned up the spilled milk.
His mother then said，“You know，what we have here is a failed experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let's go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can find a way to carry it without dropping it. ”The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could make it. What a wonderful lesson!
This famous scientist then said that it was at that moment that he knew he didn't need
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to be afraid to make mistakes.
当记者采访一位富有创造性的杰出科学家为什么他与众不同时，这位科学家说这一切源于2岁时妈妈给他上的一课，从中我们可以意识到孩提时代的教育方法的重要性。
1．When the mother found the kitchen floor covered with milk, she ________.
A. gave the boy a lecture instead of shouting at him
B. praised the boy instead of punishing him
C. felt satisfied with the boy's trying to help himself
D. calmed down the boy and helped him find a way to clean the floor
答案：D。事实细节题。由第三、四、五段的内容可知，妈妈看到牛奶洒了一地后，首先安慰那个男孩让他镇定下来，然后帮助他找到清洁地板的方法并找到最终解决怎样用一双小手拿稳瓶子的方法，故选D。
2．The child's experience resulted in the following BUT ________.
A. offering the boy a chance to grasp the bottle
B. benefiting the boy all his life
C. helping the boy be more creative
D. making the boy realize the mistake is of value
答案：A。推理判断题。由第一段和第二段可知当这位富有创造性的科学家被采访到他为何富有创造性时，他说起两岁时的一次经历可以推断出这件事启迪了他的创造性同时也使他终生受益可知B、C正确；由尾段可推知他通过这次经历意识到了错误的价值，故只有A项不是那次经历导致的结果，故答案选A。
3．According to the passage, the way the scientist's mother used is ________.
A. instructive B. strict
C. formal D. strange
答案：A。推理判断题。通读文章可知妈妈的方法具有教育性、启发性和指导意义。故选A。
4．The purpose of the passage is to show ________.
A. a usual way to cultivate a child B. a scientist's medical achievements
C. a mother's wise way of helping her child D. the advantages of making mistakes
答案：C。推理判断题。总览文章可知作者的目的和意图是展示妈妈帮助孩子的明智的方法，故选C。
D
(2015·河北衡水中学二模)
The earth provides us with almost everything that we need to eat, sleep, work and
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entertain.To do all this, we use the earth’s resources.Because some of us have more buying power, they end up using more resources than they usually need.At the same time, we also create a great deal of waste and pollution.So we also need to think about how much land we use to deal with that waste.Then two things happen：first，large numbers of the world’s population get much less resources than they need to live；second, the earth is damaged.
The amounts of resources we consumed are like footprints.They show whose lifestyles are a burden on the earth and whose lifestyles are not.Because a few people eat up most of the earth’s resources, the majority have to bear the consequences—like pollution. This is the ecological footprints that the earth keeps in its memory.
Some years ago, a famous expert, called William Rees, developed this idea of the ecological footprints.Today, this idea has become like a magnifying glass(放大镜)．It allows us to see whether we are living lives in a way that keeps the earth in a reasonably good shape.Once the earth goes out of shape, there is no hope for human beings.
Countries like the United States and Canada have big ecological footprints.Rees calculated that the average amount of energy and materials consumed by a Canadian is what a land of 4.3 hectares can produce.India has a footprint of 0.4.This means that the energy and materials consumed by an Indian is what 0.4 hectares of land can produce.But if we look more carefully，we will find that even within India, the footprints of the city Indian are much larger than the rural Indian.
1．Which of the following is the best title for this text?
A．Footprints on the Earth
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B．How to Protect the Earth
C．Footprints of Wild Animals
D．How to Reduce Pollution on the Earth
2．Our footprints on the earth refer to ________．
A．the cities we build
B．the cultures we create
C．the marks we leave on roads behind us
D．the resources we use and the waste we produce
3．According to the text, rich people ________．
A．should give more money to the poor
B．are using too many resources
C．are helping the poor to live better lives
D．should live in rural areas with the poor
4．We learn from the text that Rees ________．
A．put forward the idea of the ecological footprints
B．thought highly of the United States and Canada
C．thought India was an extremely poor country
D．thought rich people made great contributions to society
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。我们消费及浪费的能源数量就是留在地球上的脚印，脚印越多说明消费的资源越多，给地球造成的负担越重。一旦把地球踩得变了形，那人类就没有了生存的希望。
1．解析：选A。标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，第二段是本文的主题段。根据第二段第一句主题句“The amounts of resources we consumed are like
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footprints.”并结合下文中多次提到的“footprints”可知，A项意为“地球上的脚印”，适合做标题。故答案选A。
2．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The amounts of resources we consumed are like footprints.”可知，地球上的脚印指的是我们消费的能源数量。故答案选D。
3．解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第一段第三句“Because some of us have more buying power，they end up using more resources than they usually need.”可知，有更强购买力的人使用的资源超过了他们的实际需要，即富人消耗的资源太多。故答案选B。
4．解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Some years ago...William Rees，developed this idea of the ecological footprints.”可知，答案选A。
E
When you don’t have anything planned for the day or it’s rainy outside and your children are stuck in the house, why not sit around and tell them riddles（谜语）? Telling riddles will make your family laugh and sometimes even scratch their heads, trying to figure out what the answer is.
Riddles have been a pastime for centuries. Not only have riddles been something for passing the time, but they have also been used to pass on secret information during the Second World War. Even the ancient Greeks used riddles. They would tell riddles at parties and whoever was the first to get them right would receive prize.
Most riddles use words that have double meanings or share the same sound like “hear” and “here”. So in order to get the riddle, you will have to do some creative thinking and think of all the possibilities of different words. The difficulty of figuring out the riddle is based on the riddle itself. The riddle has to provide you with enough clues to come to the right answer, but that doesn’t mean that the clues have to be easy.
If you are looking to tell riddles but don’t know any, you can look online and you will find a large number of sites that will have hundreds of different riddles to choose from. If you would like to look somewhere else then you could look at your local bookstore, where you will be able to find many different books with thousands of riddles to choose from. You can even find websites and books that will tell you how to write
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your own riddles.
After you have found some resources that have different riddles, you will need to read through them to find the right ones for you and your family: You will also need to make sure that your kids will have a chance to figure out the answers. So take your time and choose the fight family riddles to tell.
1．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text?
A. To recommend an interesting family activity.
B. To stress the importance of family activities.
C. To encourage children to read more books.
D. To introduce the history of riddles.
2．From the text we know that riddles _______.
A. do not have enough clues B. have a very long history
C. were used in World War One D. were first used in ancient Rome
3．In Paragraph 3, the author mainly ________.
A. discusses how riddles are created
B. explains why fiddles are interesting
C. tells people how to solve riddles
D. shows the benefits of telling riddles
4．To collect riddles, the author suggests ________.
A. one way B. two ways C. three ways D. four ways
试题分析： 本文介绍了一种古老的消磨时间的方法riddles。并告诉我们猜谜的方法以及找到这些字谜的地方。
1．A 推理题。根据文章第一段1,2行When you don’t have anything planned for the day or it’s rainy outside and your children are stuck in the house, why not sit around and tell them riddles?可知本文中作者向我们推荐了一种猜谜的游戏。故A正确。
2．B 细节题。根据文章第二段第一句Riddles have been a pastime for centuries.可知这种游戏已经存在了很长时间了。故B正确。
3．C 推理题。根据文章第三段So in order to get the riddle, you will have to do some creative thinking and think of all the possibilities of different words. The difficulty of figuring out the riddle is based on the riddle itself. The riddle has to provide
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you with enough clues to come to the right answer, but that doesn’t mean that the clues have to be easy.可知本段告诉我们的是猜出这些字谜的方法，就是要运用字谜里出现的线索。故C正确。
4．B 细节题。根据文章倒数第二段If you are looking to tell riddles but don’t know any, you can look online and you will find a large number of sites that will have hundreds of different riddles to choose from. If you would like to look somewhere else then you could look at your local bookstore,可知作者告诉了我们两种猜字谜的方法，一种是到网络上寻找。一种是到当地的书店里找。一共有两种方法。故B正确。
考点：考察说明文
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