2019年高考英语语法必考考点10非谓语动词含解析14.doc

由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 ‎2019年高考英语语法必考考点（10）：非谓语动词含解析 李仕才 ‎【考点解读】‎ ‎　　非谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing和过去分词等几种形式，这是历年高考必考内容，每年都会有1-2题涉及该部分要点。考点集中在：非谓语动词作定语的区别;动名词和不定式作宾语的用法比较;现在分词和过去分词的用法比较;特定句型中非谓语动词的用法等。‎ ‎　　【高考考点透视】‎ ‎　　1. 非谓语动词的构成和语法功能及用法对比；‎ ‎　　2. 非谓语动词的完成式、被动式的用法和特点；‎ ‎　　3. 非谓语动词的复合结构及否定形式；‎ ‎　　4. 不定式与动名词，动名词与现在分词，现在分词与过去分词，分词作状语与独立结构等用法对比；‎ ‎　　5. 不定式和动名词在及物动词后作宾语的区别是考查的热点；‎ ‎　　6. 过去分词作定语，不定式和分词作宾语补足语的用法；‎ ‎　　7. 不定式标志to和介词to的用法判断等；‎ ‎8. 带to与不带to的不定式的用法及区别。‎ ‎　　考点一、考查谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别 ‎　　英语句子至少应该包括主语与谓语两部分, 而多数情况下谓语都由动词来充当。如果对句子成分划分不清，把谓语动词与非谓语动词混淆, 做题效果可想而知。要克服这一毛病，关键在于正确判断、识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。如：‎ ‎　　1. The children (play) _____ the violin over there will go on the stage next week.‎ ‎【答案与解析】根据句子结构，我们可以看出这是一个简单句。主语是The children，谓语部分是will go on the 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 ‎ stage，动词play显然在句中不作谓语，应用非谓语动词形式。依据play与它的逻辑主语children之间的主动关系以及拉小提琴动作正在进行，可以判断用现在分词作定语修饰children，意为“正在那边拉小提琴的小孩”，因而正确答案为playing。‎ ‎　　考点二、考查作状语的非谓语动词的辨析 ‎　　作状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的辨析，即是选择动词不定式、现在分词还是过去分词作状语, 不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同。动词不定式主要作目的、结果和原因状语；现在分词和过去分词主要作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式和伴随状语，两者不同之处在于：现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，即它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，它们之间的关系是主动关系，而过去分词作状语时，虽然它的逻辑主语也是句子的主语，但过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。请看下面例题：‎ ‎　　1.____tired of Tom’s all-talk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself.‎ ‎　　A) To get B) To have got ‎　　C) Getting D) Have got ‎【答案与解析】一般来说，在句子中没有连接词的情况下, 逗号是无力连接两个句子的。据此，首先可以确定 这是一个简单句，非谓语动词短语放在句首作状语。依据非谓语动词短语get tired of与其逻辑主语Julia之间的主动关系，以及谓语动词与非谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，没有明显的先后顺序，可以断定应用现在分词一般式作原因状语,即“由于厌倦了Tom只说不做的工作态度”，故正确答案为C。‎ ‎　　考点三、考查非谓语动词逻辑主语的分辨 ‎　　非谓语动词虽然在句中不作谓语，但仍然有自己逻辑上的主语。历年各种考试的重点在于正确分辨非谓语动词的逻辑主语是什么，两者之间是主动关系还是被动关系，特别是非谓语动词作状语的时候。我们知道，当非谓语动词放在句首作状语的时候，一般来说，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，那么，当它的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，又会出现什么现象呢?请看下面例题：‎ ‎　　1. The last bus (go)____, we had to walk home.‎ ‎　　2. Weather (permit)____, the spaceship will be launched tomorrow evening.‎ 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 ‎　　【答案与解析】这两个非谓语动词短语的逻辑主语都不是句子的主语，而是分别有它自己的逻辑主语，即“是 末班车开走了，而不是我们走了”，“是天气允许,而不是飞船允许”，这种现象或结构就是独立主格结构。依据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动关系，正确答案分别为having gone和permitting。‎ ‎　　请再看下面例题：‎ ‎　　3. The work (finish) _____, they may go home.‎ ‎　　4. The problem (discuss) _____ at the meeting- room now, the workers had to wait outdoors.‎ ‎【答案与解析】同样，这两道题的结构也是独立主格结构。依据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的被动关系以及非谓语动词所表示动作发生的时间性，可以判断正确答案分别为finished(已完成)和being discussed(正在进行)。‎ ‎　　考点四、考查非谓语动词时态与语态的把握 ‎　　非谓语动词虽然在句中不作谓语，但它仍然具有动词的特征，即可以有自己的主语(逻辑主语),也可以有时态和语态的变化。非谓语动词的各种时态形式都是依据句子的谓语动词的时态形式而变化的。一般情况下，如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作同时或之后发生, 就用非谓语动词的一般式或进行式(侧重强调动作正在进行);如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，就用非谓语动词的完成式(特别强调动作发生的先后)。非谓语动词的语态在于正确把握非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系。例如：‎ ‎　　____ that Bob had got promoted, his friends came to congratulate him.‎ ‎　　A) Heard B) Having heard C) Hear D) To hear ‎【答案与解析】依据非谓语动词hear与其逻辑主语his friends之间的主动关系，以及前后句的逻辑关系，可以断定用现在分词形式来作时间状语，再根据现在分词的动作“听说”发生在主要谓语动词“来”之前，由此判断应该用现在分词的完成式(只用作状语时使用)，意为“听说Bob已得到提升，他的朋友都来向他表示祝贺”，故正确答案为B。‎ ‎　　考点五、考查非谓语动词作主语时句式的转变 ‎　　非谓语动词(动词不定式或动名词)作主语主要考查其句式的转变，习惯上通常把it作为形式主语放在句首，作题时要善于分辨这种形式上的转变。请看下面例题：‎ 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 ‎　　1. It is an honour for me (be) _____ your English teacher.‎ ‎　　2. It is no use of us (wait) _____ at home like this.‎ ‎【答案与解析】根据对句式的分析，可以判断出It是形式主语,真正的主语由非谓语动词(动词不定式或动名词)来充当。依据表语的特性以及句式的特点,我们可以断定第1题应该填动词不定式，即to be，第2题应该填动名词，即waiting。‎ ‎　　六、考查作定语的非谓语动词的判断 ‎　　非谓语动词作定语主要考查非谓语动词作后置定语的情况，这里关键要把握住非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动行为还是被动行为,以及非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间性，即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。一般来说，用现在分词一般式作定语往往表示动作是主动行为且正在进行当中，如果动作是被动行为且正在进行当中，就用现在分词一般式的被动语态;用过去分词作定语往往表示动作是被动行为且已经完成; 用动词不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作，如果是被动行为，就用动词不定式一般式的被动语态。 例如：‎ ‎　　1. The boy (cry)____ over there is my younger brother.‎ ‎【答案与解析】依据cry与它的逻辑主语The boy之间的主动关系和cry的动作正在进行，所以用现在分词作定语修饰boy，因而正确答案为crying。‎ ‎【真题分析】‎ 一、单项选择 ‎1. (2018·北京卷) _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“____ along the old Silk Road”做主语，要用动名词，故B选项正确。‎ ‎2. (2018·北京卷) During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.‎ A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared ‎【答案】B 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 ‎3. (2018·北京卷) Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.‎ A. used B. to use C. using D. use ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively是主句，_________ correctly是条件状语，修饰ordinary soap，ordinary soap和use之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词，A选项正确。‎ ‎4. (2018·天津卷) I didn't mean ________anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help_______ it.‎ A. to eat；to try B. eating；trying C. eating；to try D. to eat； trying ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查短语固定搭配。句意：我不打算吃任何东西，但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至于我忍不住的要试一试。固定短语短语mean to do（打算做），couldn’t help doing忍不住做。故选D。‎ ‎5. (2018·天津卷) I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________.‎ A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. take ‎【答案】B ‎6. (2018·江苏卷) Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, _______ the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.‎ A. having exceeded B. to exceed 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 C. exceeded D. exceeding ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这期间，大约创造13,500个新的工作，超过市场分析师持有的12,000的预期数量。分析全句可知，这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。故选D。‎ ‎7. (2017·天津卷) The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _____ more patients to be treated.‎ ‎ A. being allowed B. allowing C. having allowed D. allowed ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查非谓语。句意：近期这个医院购进了新的医疗设备，允许更多的病人被治疗。前句购进医疗设备和后面允许更多的病人被治疗之间是必然的结果关系，用doing即现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。A. being allowed 表示被动且正在进行 C. having allowed 强调先于谓语动词发生 D. allowed 表示被动且完成，故选B。‎ ‎8. (2017·江苏卷) Many Chinese brands, _______ their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.‎ A. having developed B. being developed C. developed D. developing ‎【答案】A ‎9. (2017·北京卷) Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ______ their valuable time. ‎ A. save B. saving C. to save D. saved ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多航空公司现在允许乘客网上打印他们的登机牌来节省时间。此处是动词不定式表目的，故选C。‎ ‎10. (2017·北京卷) The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _________ from butterflies to elephants. ‎ 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 A. ranging B. range C. to range D. ranged ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：国家公园有许多的野生动物，包括从蝴蝶到大象等等。此处野生动物和 range之间是主动关系，用现在分词，故选A。‎ 二、单句填空 ‎1. (2018·新课标I卷) You don't have to run fast or for long________ (see) the benefit ‎【答案】to see ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：你不必快跑或跑很长的距离才会看到益处，此处to see the benefit 作结果状语。故答案为to see。‎ ‎2. (2018·新课标I卷) You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ________ (die) early by running.‎ ‎【答案】dying ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。空前有介词of, 介词后出现动词，只能用这个动词的动名词形式作宾语。故答案为dying。‎ ‎3. (2018·新课标II卷) China's approach to protecting its environment while ________ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.‎ ‎【答案】feeding ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。while是连词，后跟动词-ing作伴随状语，故答案为feeding。‎ ‎4. (2018·新课标III卷) I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ________(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel________(challenge).‎ ‎【答案】looking; challenged ‎5. (2018·新课标III卷) Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ________ (stay)and watch.‎ 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 ‎【答案】to stay ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词，掌握allow sb to do sth（允许某人做某事），故答案为to stay。‎ ‎6. (2018·浙江卷) I still remember________(visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.‎ ‎【答案】visiting ‎【解析】考查remember的用法，remember to do记得要做，remember doing,记得做过。此处表明记得拜访过，故答案为visiting.‎ ‎7. (2017·新课标I卷) They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions．‎ ‎【答案】to process ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。be required to do sth.为固定用法。‎ ‎8. (2017·新课标I卷) …by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet．‎ ‎【答案】eating ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。介词by后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故填eating。‎ ‎9. (2017·新课标II卷) This included digging up the road， 63 (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top．‎ ‎【答案】laying ‎10. (2016·新课标III卷) People probably cooked their food in large pots, 64 (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it．‎ ‎【答案】using ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。use与其逻辑主语People之间是主谓关系，故此处用现在分词作状语。‎ 三、单句改错 ‎1. (2018·新课标I卷) My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.‎ 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 ‎【答案】sell→selling ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词，介词by后接动词ing形式，故答案为sell改为selling。‎ ‎2. (2018·新课标II卷) …but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me.‎ ‎【答案】watching→watch ‎【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：但是不管有多少次我请求看（动画片），我的父母都不让我看。ask to do sth请求做某事。故答案为watching改为watch。‎ ‎3. (2018·新课标III卷) Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.‎ ‎【答案】wait →waiting ‎【解析】根据句子结构，此处应用分词作状语，因此 wait改成waiting。‎ ‎4. (2017·新课标I卷) The instructor kept repeating the words, “Speed up!”“Slow down!”“ Turning left”‎ ‎【答案】Turning→Turn ‎【解析】考查谓语动词。此处为祈使句, 并和上文中的“Speed up”和“Slow down”并列, 故改为动词原形Turn。‎ ‎5. (2016·新课标II卷) We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.‎ ‎【答案】take→taking ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。因为and连接两个并列的成分, 且介词后接动名词形式, 所以将take改为taking。‎ ‎6. (2016·新课标III卷) I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.‎ ‎【答案】wear→wearing ‎【解析】考查动名词作宾语。介词后面应用动名词形式作宾语。‎ ‎7. (2016·浙江卷) He would ask who we were and pretend not to knowing us.‎ ‎【答案】knowing→know ‎8. (2015·陕西卷) My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter!‎ ‎【答案】enjoy→enjoying。‎ 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。在介词of之后要用动词-ing形式。‎ ‎9. (2015·四川卷) We've been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.‎ ‎【答案】sing→singing ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。spend time (in) doing sth. “花费时间做某事”, 为固定用法。‎ ‎10. (2015·浙江卷) I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.‎ ‎【答案】sit→sitting ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。enjoy后要接动词—ing形式。‎ ‎【对点测试】‎ 一、单项选择 ‎1. (2018·天津市静海县一中) I happen________ her novel these days, while the news of the author is spreading fast in the media.‎ A. to read B. to be reading C. to have been reading D. to be read ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当这个作家的新闻在媒体上飞快传播时，我碰巧这些日子正在读她的小说。happen to do sth.表示“碰巧做某事”，由下文的时间状语可知，“read”表示现阶段正在进行的动作，用不定式的进行时，故选B。‎ ‎2. (2018·北京市朝阳区) ______ an opposing idea effectively, you can use the following words and phrases.‎ A. To express B. Expressing C. Expressed D. Being expressed ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：为了能有效地表达相反的观点，你可以用以下的词语。根据句意可知用动词不定式作状语表示目的，故选A。‎ ‎3. (2018·海淀二模) Personally speaking, ________the grand blueprint into reality is a long process.‎ A. turning B. turn C. turned D. having turned ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查动名词。句意：在我看来，将这个宏伟的蓝图变成现实是一个漫长的过程。“_____ the grand blueprint into reality”‎ 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 ‎ 做主语，所以要用动名词形式，故该空填turning。A选项正确。‎ ‎4. (2018·天津市南开中学) A 9.0 magnitude earthquake rocked the northeast coast of Honshu Japan, ______ building in the capital Tokyo and as far as Osaka.‎ A. shook B. shaking C. having shaken D. shaken.‎ ‎【答案】B ‎5. (2018·天津市耀华中学) ______more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.‎ A. Learn B. Learned C. To learn D. To be learning ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。这里是动词不定式形式的非谓语动词做目的状语。该句意思为：为了更多了解到中国文化，杰克决定选择中国传统音乐作为选修课。故选C ‎6. (2018·北京市海淀区) Dream of the Red Chamber is believed to be semi-autobiographical, _______the fortunes of Cao’s own family.‎ A. mirrored B. to mirror C. mirroring D. mirror ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：红楼梦被认为是一部半自传性质的小说，它反映了曹雪芹自己家族的命运。Dream of the Red Chamber is believed to be semi-autobiographical是主句，_______the fortunes of Cao’s own family是定语，修饰Dream of the Red Chamber，Dream of the Red Chamber和mirror之间是主动关系，故用现在分词做定语，C选项正确。‎ ‎7. (2018·天津市河东区) He let me write down his instructions sure that I would know what was after he went away.‎ A. making; doing B. making; to do C. to make; to do D. to make; to be done ‎【答案】D 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 ‎8. (2018·天津市南开区)___________the effect of culture shock, he is trying to read a lot about it before going to France for further study.‎ A. To reduce B. Reduced C. Reducing D. Having reduced ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】句意：为了减少文化冲击的影响，在去法国深造之前，他尝试看了许多书。表示目的，用不定式结构。‎ ‎9. (2018·江苏泰州中学) The artist is said during the production and thus a pirated video was sold in every part of Kenya.‎ A. to be cheated B. being cheated C. to have been cheated D. having been cheated ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中考查be said to do表示“据说……”，再根据后句and thus a pirated video was sold in every part of Kenya.可知事情已经发生，故用不定式的完成式。句意：据说这位艺术家的作品已经被窃取了, 因此在肯尼亚的每一个地方都有盗版视频。故选C。‎ ‎10. (2018·江苏泰州中学) at the back of the room was a shy girl with two big eyes.‎ A. Sat B. Sit C. Seating D. Seated ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。本句是一个倒装句，seated为形容词作表语。句意：在房间的后面坐着一个害羞的女孩，有两只大眼睛。故选D。‎ 二、单句填空 ‎1. (2018·河北省衡水中学) Most Americans think of Saint Patrick’s Day as a big party 42 (center) around drinking alcohol.‎ ‎【答案】centered 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 ‎2. (2018·河北省衡水中学) …as the proverb goes: “The dragon is awake, 42 (raise) his head.”‎ ‎【答案】raising ‎【解析】考查现在分词作状语，分析句子可知，raise在句中作状语，它与主语The dragon是主动关系，故填raising。‎ ‎3. (2018·重庆市一中) But boys in a single-sex school are said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that help develop their emotional expressiveness than___44___(teach) alongside girls,‎ ‎【答案】taught ‎【解析】考查过去分词。句中主语boys和动词teach是被动关系用过去分词，指男孩们被教，故填taught.‎ ‎4. (2018·河北省衡水中学) To deal with these problems, the company came up with the idea of encouraging people 48 (return) the bikes to stations by rewarding free time for their next rides.‎ ‎【答案】to return ‎【解析】encourage sb to do sth固定搭配，意为鼓励某人做某事。故填to return。‎ ‎5. (2018·河北曲周县一中) …he has done a great job in his assignment for his science class, 43 (witness) the reproduction of animals is a precious experience for kids.‎ ‎【答案】witnessing ‎【解析】考查现在分词。现在分词witnessing作状语，与主语he是主动关系，故填witnessing。‎ ‎6. (2018·河北石家庄二中) This site reports science news 44 (cover) a wide range of subjects.‎ ‎【答案】covering ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。cover与其逻辑主语This 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 ‎ site之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词，填covering。‎ ‎7. (2018·河北石家庄二中) The increase is 0.5 percentage points higher than the targeted growth, partly 44 (drive) by strong efforts to increase the use of new technology at traditional enterprises(企业)‎ ‎【答案】driven ‎【解析】考查过去分词。句意：这个增幅比目标增长率高0.5个百分点，部分是受传统企业大力增加使用新技术的努力的驱使。此处是用过去分词driven作状语，与主语The increase是被动关系，故填driven.‎ ‎8. (2018·河南南阳市一中) As the economy developed, autos pushed bikes off the roads, 43 (create) heavy pollution and miserable traffic.‎ ‎【答案】creating ‎9. (2018·河南南阳市一中) Researchers who came from many countries traveled through the Taklamakan Desert, which is now in Xinjiang, to explore ancient sites along the Silk Road, 46 (lead) to many discoveries and studies,‎ ‎【答案】leading ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。lead与其逻辑主语Researchers之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词，填leading。‎ ‎10. (2018·河南郑州市一中) Many of the pictures also showed people 46 (follow) animals and trying to kill them for food.‎ ‎【答案】following ‎【解析】本题考查了非谓语动词的用法。句意为：人们在追逐动物，并且想把它们杀掉当食物。此题是非谓语动词题，句子有两种处理方式，如果按照非谓语动词，主语是follow的发出者，所以应当用following，如果把后半部分视作从句，则应该用过去进行时。确定答案(were) following。‎ 三、单句改错 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 ‎1. (2018·衡水金卷调研卷) Knowing your own potentials and making practical goals instead of setting high expectations can keep yourself away from heavy burden, thus enjoy good mental health.‎ ‎【答案】enjoy→enjoying ‎【解析】考查现在分词。句意：了解自己的潜力，制定实际的目标，而不是设定很高的期望，可以让自己远离沉重的负担，结果享受良好的心理健康。此处是现在分词做自然的结果状语，故把enjoy改成enjoying。‎ ‎2. (2018·山东聊城市) Thank you so much for inviting me to take part in the winter camp organizing by your school in the coming winter holiday.‎ ‎【答案】organizing →organized ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。organize与其逻辑主语the winter camp之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，所以organizing 改成 organized。‎ ‎3. (2018·山东祁县) Nowadays, take China’s high-speed trains is a popular way to travel. Firstly, it’s fast and convenient.‎ ‎【答案】take→taking ‎【解析】第一句话句子没有主语，所以用动名词做主语，故把take---taking。‎ ‎4. (2018·山东寿光市一中) Second, seeing a film, listening to music or hang out with our friends will also be excited.‎ ‎【答案】hang→hanging ‎5. (2018·山西孝义市) The people serving there were deeply moved and showed our gratefulness.‎ ‎【答案】serving→served ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。serve和被修饰词the people之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。句意：在那里服侍的人深受感动。故serving改为served。‎ ‎6. (2018·四川南阳山中学) Felt quite sorry for that, I began to think about how to do to help.‎ 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 ‎【答案】Felt→Feeling ‎【解析】考查现状分词。句意：对此感到非常抱歉，我开始思考帮忙做什么。此处在句中作原因状语，由于动词feel与其逻辑主语I构成了主谓关系，故用现在分词feeling。故将Felt改为Feeling。‎ ‎7. (2018·四川南阳山中学) Before you leave, many classmates and I intend to hold a farewell party for you, hope that you can remember the wonderful time we spent together.‎ ‎【答案】hope→hoping ‎【解析】“许多同学和我”与“希望”之间是主动关系，此处是现在分词做伴随状态，故把hope---hoping。‎ ‎8. (2018·四川双流中学) I couldn’t wait to try my hand at riding it but it was harder than expecting.‎ ‎【答案】expecting→expected ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它比预料得要难。主语it和expect之间是被动关系，故than后面要用过去分词。‎ ‎9. (2018·四川棠湖中学) Now I want to tell you impressive story happen in my first lesson.‎ ‎【答案】happen-happening ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。“故事”和“发生”之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语，happen-happening。‎ ‎10. (2018·四川蓉城名校) To begin with, I love sports and play sports has been an important part of my life.‎ ‎【答案】play→playing ‎【解析】考查动名词作主语。Playing sports 为动名词形式，在此处作主语。‎ 四、单句翻译（非谓语动词）‎ ‎1.  她下了公交车，把手提包落在座位上了。‎ ‎【答案】She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.‎ 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 ‎2. 这房子不够大，住不下我们所有的人。‎ ‎【答案】The house is not big enough for us all to live in.‎ ‎【解析】不定式为不及物动词且和所修饰的名词是动宾关系时，须加介词。‎ ‎3. 我父亲听到这个消息后，忍不住大笑起来。‎ ‎【答案】When my father heard the news, he couldn't help laughing.‎ ‎【解析】接动名词作宾语常见的动词/动词短语有：admit, advise, suggest, avoid, consider, delay, deny, excuse, finish, imagine, include, keep (on), mind, practice, miss,  resist; be/get used to, can’t help/stop, can’t stand, give up, feel like, look forward to, get down to, have difficulty/trouble (in), be busy (in), put off ‎4. 知道他叔叔要来，他开始做些准备。‎ ‎【答案】Knowing his uncle would come, he began to make some preparations.‎ ‎【解析】现在分词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生，或在谓语动词之前发生。这里knowing发生在began之前，作原因状语。‎ ‎5. 病人要求马上手术。‎ ‎【答案】The patient asked to be operated on at once. ‎ ‎ ‎ 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费