高中英语语法句法篇复习题8份含解析
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由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。‎ ‎1 主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。‎ ‎1   it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 it作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如:‎ ‎1. It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。‎ ‎2. It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。‎ ‎3. It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。(强调句型)‎ ‎4. It is John that broke the window. 是John打碎的窗户。(强调句型)‎ ‎2  用it作形式主语的结构 ‎1. It is+名词+从句 It is a fact that… 事实是……‎ It is an honor that… 非常荣幸……‎ It is common knowledge that… ……是常识 ‎2. It is+形容词+从句 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 It is natural that… 很自然……‎ It is strange that… 奇怪的是……‎ ‎3. It is+不及物动词+从句 It seems/appears that… 似乎……‎ It happened (to sb.) that… 碰巧……‎ ‎4. It+过去分词+从句 It is reported that… 据报道……‎ It has been proved that… 已证实……‎ It is said that… 据说……‎ ‎3  主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况:‎ ‎1. if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。‎ ‎2. It is said/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。‎ 例如:‎ 正确表达:It is said that our headmaster will go to New York next week.‎ 错误表达:That our headmaster will go to New York next week is said.‎ ‎3. It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。‎ 例如:‎ 正确表达:It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.‎ 错误表达:That he failed in the examination occurred to him. x-kw ‎ ‎4. It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。‎ 例如:‎ 正确表达:It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.‎ 错误表达:Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.‎ ‎5. 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。‎ 例如:‎ 正确表达:Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?‎ 错误表达:Is that will rain in the evening likely?‎ ‎4  what与that在引导主语从句时的区别 what引导主语从句时,在从句中充当句子成分,如主语、宾语、表语,而that则不充当任何成分。‎ 例如:‎ 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 ‎1. What you said yesterday is right.‎ ‎2. That she is still alive is a consolation(安慰).‎ ‎2 宾语从句 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。‎ ‎1  作动词的宾语 ‎1. 由that引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略)。‎ 例如:‎ I heard that he joined the army. 我听说他参军了。‎ ‎2. 由what,whether (if) 引导的宾语从句。‎ 例如:‎ She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么。‎ I wonder whether you can help me with my English. 我想知道你是否能帮我学习英语。‎ ‎3. 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。‎ 例如:‎ She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她告诉我说她会接受我的邀请。‎ ‎2  作介词的宾语。‎ 例如:‎ Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.‎ 我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。‎ ‎3  作形容词的宾语。‎ 例如:‎ I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。‎ 注意:that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content等。‎ ‎4  it可以作为形式宾语 it不仅可以作形式主语,还可以作形式宾语而真正的宾语是that引导的宾语从句。‎ 例如:‎ We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个月就会结婚了。‎ 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 ‎5  后边不能直接跟that从句的动词 allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如:‎ 正确表达:I admire their winning the match.‎ 错误表达:I admire that they won the match.‎ ‎6  否定转移 若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。‎ 例如:‎ I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。‎ ‎3 表语从句 表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外,常用的还有The reason is that…和It is because…等结构。‎ 例如:‎ ‎1. The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.‎ ‎2. This is why we can’t get the support of the people. xk/w ‎3. The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.‎ ‎4 同位语从句 同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。‎ ‎1  同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导。‎ 例如:‎ The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.‎ ‎2  同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。‎ 例如:‎ 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.‎ ‎3  同位语从句与定语从句的区别 ‎1. 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。‎ ‎2. 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。‎ 例如:‎ ‎(1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.‎ ‎(第一个that引导的是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)‎ ‎(2) The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.‎ ‎(that引导同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)‎ ‎【真题演练】‎ ‎【2017·江苏】We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _________ it used to charge.‎ ‎ A. that B. which C. what D. how ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【2016·北京】The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.‎ A. what B. that C. whether D. why ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 ‎ ‎ ‎【2016·天津】The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.‎ ‎ A. whether B. that C. which D. what ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:句意:经理提出一个建议,我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位语从句说明suggestion的内容,而且同位语从句成分和意思都是完整的。用that引导, that不作成分,只是起着连接的作用。故选B。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【2015·湖南】You have to know ________ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.‎ ‎ A. what B. that C. where D. who ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【2014·全国大纲卷】Exactly______ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.‎ A. whether B. why C. when D.how ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 ‎ ‎ 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费

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