高中英语狂K语法——句法篇：二、主谓一致含解析.doc

由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 主谓一致是指：‎ ‎1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。‎ ‎2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。‎ ‎3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。‎ ‎  例如：There is much water in the thermos.‎ ‎  但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。‎ ‎  例如：Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. ‎ ‎1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数 例如：Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。‎ 注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。‎ 例如：The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. ‎ 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。‎ 典型例题 The League secretary and monitor ____ asked to make a speech at the meeting.‎ A. is       B. was      C. are      D. were 答案B。‎ 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 解析：先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A和C。本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好像是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。xk.w ‎ ‎2 主谓一致中的靠近原则 ‎1）当there be句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。‎ ‎    例如：‎ There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.‎ 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。‎ There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.‎ 班上有二十个男孩，二十三个女孩。‎ ‎2）当either… or… 与neither… nor连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。‎ ‎   例如：‎ ‎   Either you or she is to go. 不是你去，就是她去。‎ ‎   Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你笔、信封和纸。‎ ‎3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as等词组成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。‎ 例如：‎ The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.‎ 教师和一些学生在参观工厂。‎ He as well as I wants to go boating.‎ 他和我想去划船。‎ ‎4谓语需用单数 ‎1）代词each以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语时，或主语中含有each, every时，谓语需用单数。‎ 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 例如：‎ Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们每人都有录音机。‎ There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表坏了。‎ ‎    2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。‎ 例如：‎ The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.‎ ‎《天方夜谭》是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。‎ ‎3）表示金钱、时间、价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。‎ 例如：‎ Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.‎ 允许用三个星期来做准备。‎ Ten yuan is enough. 10元够了。‎ ‎5指代意义决定谓语的单复数 ‎1）代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。‎ 例如：‎ All is right. 一切顺利。‎ All are present. 人都到齐了。‎ ‎2）集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后，谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时强调该集体的整体。‎ 例如：‎ His family isn't very large. 他家成员不多。‎ His family are music lovers. 他家个个都是音乐爱好者。‎ 但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。‎ 例如：‎ Are there any police around? 附近有警察吗？‎ 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 ‎3）有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。‎ 例如：‎ A number of +名词复数+复数动词。‎ The number of +名词复数+单数动词。‎ A number of books have lent out. 很多书被借出去了。‎ The majority of the students like English.  绝大多数学生都喜欢英语。‎ ‎6与后接名词或代词保持一致 ‎1）用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of等引起主语时，谓语动词通常与of后面的名词或代词保持一致。‎ 例如：‎ Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的钱花在书上了。‎ Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. x/kw 大部分学生积极参加体育运动。‎ ‎2）用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of等引起主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：‎ A series of accidents has been reported. 媒体报道了一连串的事故。‎ A pile of logs was set beside the hearth. 炉边放了一堆木柴。‎ ‎3）如many a或more than one所修饰的短语作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。‎ 例如：‎ Many a person has read the novel. 许多人读过这本书。‎ More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.‎ 百分之六十多的学生来自这个城市。‎ ‎【真题演练】‎ ‎【2017· 江苏】The publication of Great Expectations, which _______ both widely reviewed and highly 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 ‎ praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.‎ A. is B. are C. was D. were ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【2015·湖南】It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ years of achieve.‎ A. is; takes B. are; takes C. are; take D. is; take ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【2014•湖南】All we need _______ _  a s mall piece of land where we can plant various ki nds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the  year. A. are  B.  was C. is  D. were 【答案】 C　 ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 句意：所有我们需要的只是一小块在一年的成长季节里 能够种植各种各样的果树的土地。all作主语时，如指  复数概念，动词用复数；如指单数概念， 动词用单 数。根据后面的 a small piece of  land可知这里表示单数概念。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎ ‎ 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费